א

א Āleph, first letter; in post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed MT); א̈ = 1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

אָב S^, TWOT GK v. II. אבה.

אבב TWOT (fresh, bright, Assyrian abâbu Dl AGl)

†[אֵב S^, TWOT^, GK] n. [m.] freshness, fresh green (Lag²⁰⁷ Inf. ibb; thence concr., cf. Arabic أَبٌّ (˒abbun) herbage, pasture; above stem & meaning better than √אנב (spring) cf. Aramaic אִנְבֵּהּ (q.v.) Dl^{65, 114}) עֿדֶנּוּ בְאִבּוֹ while yet in its freshness (i.e. אָחוּ, reed) Jb 8:12; concr., pl. green shoots בְּאִבֵּי הַנַּחַל Ct 6:11 (|| הֲפָֽרְחָה הַגֶּפֶן הֵנֵצוּ הָֽרִמֹּנִים׃).

†אָבִיב S TWOT GK n.m. Lv 2:14 coll. (Lag ²⁰⁷ Inf.) 1. fresh, young ears of barley Ex 9:31; indef. Lv 2:14 מִנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים ליהוה א׳ קָלוּי בָּאֵשׁ. 2. חֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב month of ear-forming, or of growing green, Abib, month of Exodus & passover, Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18, 18 (JE), Dt 16:1, 1 (1st month = c. April = הָרִאשֹׁן, הַחֹדֶשׁ הָר׳ (q.v.) in P; v. Di Ex 12:2; = postexilic נִיסָן q.v.)

אֲבִגַיִל v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה.

†אֲבַגְתָא S GK n.pr.m. (Pers. cf. בִּגְתָא) eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10.

†אָבַד S TWOT GK vb. perish (MI אבד, Assyrian abâtu Dl¹⁸⁴ Aramaic אֲבַד, ܐܶܒܰܕ (˒ebad)).—Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + ( + Ez 6:3 G Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵד֑ Jb 20:7 + 2 times; 3 fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4 times; תֹּאבֵד֑ Jb 8:13 + 3 times; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3 times; יֹאבֵד֑וּ Jb 4:9 +; 3 fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה 1 S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵד֑ Jon 1:6; 3:9; נֹאבְדָה Jon 1:14 etc.; Inf. abs. אָבֹד Dt 4:26 + 2 times; cstr. אֲבֹד Dt 7:20 Pr 11:10; אֲבָדְךָ Dt 28:20; אָבְדֶ֑ךָ Dt 28:22; אֲבָדְכֶם Jos 23:13; אָבְדָם Ob 12 Pr 28:28; Pt. אֹבֵד אוֹבֵד Dt 26:5 + 7 times; cstr. אֹבַד Dt 32:28 (v. Di Bö ³⁷⁸); etc. 1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Nu 17:27 (|| גוע & (v 28 מות), (also Dt 26:5? cf. infr.) Jon 1:6, 14 Jb 31:19 cf. 29:13 Pr 31:6 Est 4:14, 16⁽⁾ Mi 4:9 Je 40:15 cf. Is 57:1 Pr 11:10; 28:28 Ec 7:15 ψ 119:92; emphasis on mortality Jb 4:20 ψ 146:4 Ec 9:6; Saul & Jonath., under fig. of weapons 2 S 1:27; lion Jb 4:11; caravan Jb 6:18 (cf. Di); cf. מִן־הָאָרֶץ א׳ הָסִיד Mi 7:2, וא׳ מֶלֶךְ מֵעַזָּה Zc 9:5; perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lv 26:38 Dt 8:19⁽⁾, 20; 28:20, 22; 30:18⁽⁾ Je 27:10, 15 cf. 6:21, Ob 12 cf. ψ 80:17 Is 27:13; other nations Dt 7:20 Je 10:15; 51:18 ψ 2:12; 10:16; 83:18 cf. 9:4 Am 1:8 Is 41:11; 60:12 cf. Jon 3:9 v. also Ex 10:7 Nu 21:29, 30 (JE) Je 48:46; house of Ahab 2 K 9:8; wicked in general Ju 5:31 Jb 4:9 cf. v 7, ψ 37:20; 49:11; 68:3 (|| sim. of melting wax), 73:27; 92:10; also Pr 19:9; 21:28; לָנֶצַח א׳ Jb 20:7; cf. דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים א׳ ψ 1:6; sq. מֵעַל הָאָ֑רֶץ (of annihilation of Isr.) Dt 4:26⁽⁾, 11:17 Jos 23:13, 16 (D); sq. מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל (of Korah’s company) Nu 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Je 9:11 (|| נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר) cf. 48:8; harvest Jo 1:11; Jonah’s gourd Jon 4:10; riches Je 48:36 Ec 5:13; vessel ψ 31:13; houses Am 3:15 (so often Assyrian Dl); city Ez 26:17 (but del. G Co); cf. bamôth Ez 6:3 G Co; heavens & earth ψ 102:27. 2. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory Jb 18:17 ψ 9:7; name ψ 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Jb 30:2; wisdom Is 29:14; cf. אֹבַד עֵצוֹת Dt 32:28; אֱמוּנָה Je 7:28 (|| נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֹן Ez 12:22; יוֹם Jb 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Je 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה ψ 9:19 Pr 10:28; 11:7 Ez 19:5; 37:11 Jb 8:13; so תַּאֲוָה ψ 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֹחֶלֶת Pr 11:7, sq. מִן + agent La 3:18; תורה + עצה + דבר sq. מן + persons negligent Je 18:18 (cf. 49:7 Ez 7:26), especially א׳ מָנוֹם מִן־ (i.e. they could not escape) Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5. 3. be lost, property Dt 22:3; strayed, beasts 1 S 9:3, 20 Je 50:6 Ez 34:4, 16 ψ 119:176 (fig. of erring men); perhaps Dt 26:5.

Pi. caus. of Qal.—Pf. אִבַּד 2 K 21:3 + 2 times; sf. וְאִבַּדְךָ Co Ez 28:16 cf. infr.; אִבַּדְתִּי Je 15:7; וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ez 6:3 (G Co וְאָֽבְדוּ) etc.; Impf. יְאַבֵּד Ec 9:18; וִיאַבֵּד Ec 7:7 Zp 2:13; 1 s. sf. וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ez 28:16 (for וָאֲאַבּ׳ Ew ^{72 c} Ol ^{79 a} Kö ³³⁸ Ges ⁶⁸ ; but Co 3 ms.; v. also Co 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Dt 12:2 etc.; Inf. abs. אַבֵּד Dt 12:2 + 3 times; cstr. id. Ez 22:27 + etc.; Pt. מְאַבְּדִים Je 23:1. 1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, obj. pers. (mostly late) 2 K 11:1 Est 3:9; 4:7; 8:5; 9:24;; || הרג 9:6, 12; || הרג + השׁמיד 3:13; 7:4; 8:11; || המם 9:24; cf. ψ 119:95; obj. נְפָשׁוֹת Ez 22:27 (del. G Co); in judgment, subj. י׳ ψ 5:7; cf. Pr 1:32; sq. מִתּוֹךְ Ez 28:16; obj. a people 2 K 13:7 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; Jb 12:23; in judgment Dt 11:4 Je 12:17; 15:7 Zp 2:13 ψ 9:6 cf. 21:11; obj. inanimate things especially idols, bamôth etc., Nu. 33:52⁽⁾ (J) Dt 12:2⁽⁾ 2 K 21:3 Ez 6:3 (but cf. G Co supr.); bars of Zion La 2:9 (|| שִׁבַּר). 2. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Dt 12:3; voice of Babylon Je 51:55; memory of dead Is 26:14; substance Pr 29:3; understanding Ec 7:7; good (טוֹבָה q.v.) Ec 9:18. 3. cause to stray, lose; obj. Isr. under fig. of flock Je 23:1 (|| הֵפִיץ); abs. Ec 3:6 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ).

Hiph. Pf. וְהֶאֱבִיד Nu 24:19; הֶאֱבַ֑דְתָּ Jb 14:19 etc.; Impf. אֹבִידָה Je 46:8 (Ges ^{68, 2 R. 1}). Inf. cstr. הַאֲבִיד 2 K 10:19 + etc.; Pt. מַאֲבִיד Dt 8:20. 1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subj. י׳) obj. pers. Lv 23:30 (sq. מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; || כָּרַת v 29); Je 49:38 (sq. מִשָּׁם); Ob 8 (sq. מֵאֱדוֹם); obj. nation, Ammon Ez 25:7 (sq. מן־הארצות; || כָּרַת), cf. v 16; Canaanites Dt 8:20 (sq. מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zp 2:5 (|| כָּרַת); especially Isr. Dt 28:51, 63 (|| הִשְׁמִיד), cf. Js 7:7; also abs. Je 18:7 (|| לִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנְתוֹץ); = 1:10 ( + וְלַהֲרוֹס) = 31:28 ( + וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ez 32:13 (sq. מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); cf. Dt 7:10; ψ 143:12 (|| הִצְמִית); (human subj.), obj. servants of Baal 2 K 10:19, obj. nation Dt 9:3, cf. Nu 24:19 (E; sq. מֵעִיר); 2 K 24:2; cf. Je 46:8; obj. inanimate, chariots Mi 5:9; idols Ez 30:13 (del. BCo). 2. fig., obj. name of kings Dt 7:24 (sq. מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Jb 14:19; voice of mirth etc. Je 25:10 (cf. 51:55 Pi. supr.)

†אֹבֵד S TWOT GK n.[m.] destruction, עֲדֵי א׳ Nu 24:20, 24 (JE; on form with abstract sense v. Ba ¹⁴⁹).

†אֲבֵדָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. a lost thing—abs. except Dt 22:3 cstr. אֲבֵדַת—Ex 22:8; with מָצָא Lv 5:22, 23; with אָבַד + מָצָא Dt 22:3;—(אבדה Pr 27:20 Kt cf. אֲבַדּוֹ infr.)

אֲבַדֹּה S TWOT GK, אֲבַדּוֹ S TWOT GK cf. אבדון infr.

†אַבְדָ֑ן S TWOT GK, & אָבְדַן (cstr.) n.[m.] destruction (Syriac ܐܒܕܳܢܳܐ (˒bdono)) Est 9:5 (מַכַּת־הֶרֶב וְהֶרֶג וְא׳), 8:6; (on form v. BeRy; Ol ^{215 b.1} Ba ^{49, 487}).

†אֲבַדּוֹן S TWOT GK^, n.f.^? Pr 27:20 abstr. nearly = n.pr. (place of) Destruction, Ruin, ˒Abaddôn (cf. ܐܰܒܕܳܢܳܐ (˒abdono) G Jb 28:22 etc.)—אֲבַדּוֹן Jb 26:6 ( + 4 times); abbrev. אבדה Kt אֲבַדּוֹ(ן) Qr †Pr 27:20.—Place of ruin in Sh^e˒ôl for lost or ruined dead, as development of earlier distinction of condition in Sh^e˒ôl (v. שְׁאוֹל). Only in WisdLt Jb 31:12; || שׁאול Jb 26:6 Pr 15:11; 27:20; || מות Jb 28:22; || קבר ψ 88:12.

†I. אָבָה S^, TWOT GK^, vb. be willing, consent (cf. Assyrian abîtu, desire, Dl, Ethiopic አበየ (˒abaya) refuse, Arabic أَبَى (˒abā), id., Nejd be willing So ^{3, p. 26; 1880, 817})—Qal (c. לֹא, אַל except Is 1:19 Jb 39:9; in Hex rare & only JED, incl. Lv 26:21;); Pf. אָבָה Ex 10:27 + אָבוּ Ju 19:25 + 7 times; אָבוּא Is 28:12 (Sta ^{31 R. 2}; Kö^{, 414}); Impf. יֹאבֶה Dt 29:19 + 2 times; 2 ms. juss. תֹּבֵא Pr 1:10 (Sta ^{143 e 1} ; Kö^{, 576 f}) etc.; Pt. אֹבִים Ez 3:7;—be willing, sq. Inf. with ל Ex 10:27 + 29 times; without ל Dt 2:30 + 8 times; subj. י׳ Dt 10:10; 23:6; 29:19 Jos 24:10 2 K 8:19; 13:23; 24:4 2 Ch 21:7; human subj. Gn 24:5, 8 Ju 19:10 2 S 2:21; 13:25; 14:29⁽⁾; 23:16, 17 = 1 Ch 11:18, 19 1 Ch 19:19; in bad sense Ex 10:27 Dt 2:30; 25:7 Ju. 19:25; 20:13 2 S 13:14, 16; especially of perverse Isr. Lv 26:21 Dt 1:26 1 S 15:9 Is 28:12; 30:9; 42:24 Ez 3:7⁽⁾; 20:8; subj. animal, רֵים Jb 39:9; abs. (no Inf.) 2 S 12:17 1 K 20:8; 22:50; cf. Pr 6:35, of jealous man; bad sense Ju 11:17 Is 30:15; good sense 1 S 22:17; 26:23; 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4 2 S 6:10 Pr 1:10; + vb. fin. Is 1:19 (אִם תֹּאבוּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּם) consent, yield to, sq. לוֹ Dt 13:9 (good sense); sq. לִי ψ 81:12; sq. לַעֲצָתִי Pr 1:30; sq. acc. תּוֹכַחְתִּי v 25 (all in bad sense).

†אֶבְיוֹן S TWOT GK adj. in want, needy, poor,—so, always abs., Dt 15:4 + 40 times; אֶבְיֹנְךָ Ex 23:6 Dt 15:11; אֶבְיוֹנִים Am 4:1 + 14 times; אֶבְיוֹנֵי (אֶבְיֹנֵי) Ex 23:11 Is 29:19; אֶבְיוֹנֶיהָ ψ 132:15—(Hex only JED; mostly poet., 23 times ψ) needy, chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7⁽⁾, 9; 24:14 ψ 109:16 (both || עָנִי); elsewhere subst. ψ 49:3 (|| עָשׁיר); Dt 15:4, 11; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6; 5:12 (both || צַדִּיק) 4:1; 8:6 (all || דַּל) Is 32:7; Am 8:4 Ez 16:49; 18:12; 22:29 ψ 37:14 Jb 24:4, 14 Pr 30:14—cf. ψ 109:16 supr.—(all || עָנִי) Je 5:28 (|| יָתוֹם) 2:34; cared for by good Jb 29:16; 30:25 (|| קְשֵׁה־יוֹם) 31:19 ψ 112:9 Est 9:22; Pr 14:31 (|| דַּל) 31:20 Je 22:16 (|| עָנִי); care of them enjoined, negatively Ex 23:6; = cf. Dt 24:14 supr.—positively Ex 23:11 Dt 15:11 Pr 31:9 (both || עָנִי)—cf. Dt 15:7⁽⁾, 9 supr.—ψ 82:4 (|| דַּל); cared for by God Je 20:13 ψ 107:41; 132:15 Jb 5:15; 1 S 2:8 = ψ 113:7 Is 14:30 (all || דַּל) ψ 35:10; 140:13 (both || עָנִי), cf. Davidic king ψ 72:12 (|| עָנִי) = v 4 בְּנֵי אֶבְ׳ (|| id.), v 13⁽⁾ (|| דַּל); needing help, deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God ψ 9:19; 12:6; 40:18 = 70:6; 74:21; 86:1; 109:22 Is 29:19; 41:17 (all || עָנִי) Is 25:4 (|| דַּל) ψ 69:34; 109:31.

†אֲבִיּוֹנָה S TWOT GK n.f. caper-berry (as stimulating desire) Ec 12:5 (v. GFM ^{1891, 55 ff.}; so G B, Mish. אביונות, cf. NHWB; v. also S i.e. capparis spinosa, cf. Ri; so Thes, Ew De, etc.; but Wetzst in De (Germ. ed. 1875) proposes אֶבְיוֹנָה (as fem. of אביון) the poor soul in sense = נִשְׁמָתוֹ הָאֶבְיוֹנָה cf. Symm S, where double translation).

†אֵבֶ֫ה S TWOT GK n.[m.] reed, papyrus (etymology uncertain; = Arabic أَبَاءٌ (˒abā˒un), Assyrian abu Dl, AGl) אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה֑ Jb 9:26 (craft made of reeds, light & swift, Heliod.^{Aethiop. X, 460}) = כְּלֵי־גֹמֶא Is 18:2.

II. אבה TWOT (perhaps at least formally justified as stem of אָב (cstr. אֲבִי), so Thes (cf. infr.), but existence & meaning wholly dub.; as real √ Ba ^{1887, 609 ff.} Ol ^{123 c}; according to Dl ^{p. 22} אבה Assyrian abû = decide, אָב = he who decides; Thes (so RobGes Nö ^{xl, 737} & cf. Sta ¹⁸⁶ al.) makes אָב nom. prim. bilit., imitating infant’s speech cf. πάππας, pappa, papa (cf. Ew ^{106 a}); also Assyrian bab Jen ^{1886, 404}).

אָב S^, TWOT GK₁₁₉₁ n.m. father (Ph. אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic أَبٌ (˒abun), Sab. אב CIS^{iv, 1. 37 1. 2} al. Ethiopic አብ (˒ab) Aramaic אַבָּא, ܐܰܒܳܐ (˒abo))—abs. אָב Gn 44:19 + 47 times; cstr. אַב Gn 17:4, 5 (cf. in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in n.pr. On Hal’s proposes אֲבִר v. אברהם); אֲבִי (cf. Ge^{§§ 90, 3b, 96}) Gn 4:20 +; sf. אָבִי Gn 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gn 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gn 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Ju 14:10 + 6 times; pl. אָבוֹת Ex 12:3 +; cstr. אֲבוֹת Ex 6:25 + 7 times; sf. אֲבוֹתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֹתָי֑) Gn 47:9 + 15 times; אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 4:38 + 32 times (late); אֲבוֹתָם Ex 4:5 + 106 times etc.;— 1. father of individual Gn 2:24 ( + אֵם) 11:28, 29⁽⁾; 19:31, 32, 33, + often (mostly JED); of father as commanding Gn 50:16 (J) Je 35:6 f Pr 6:20 (cf. Gn 18:19 J 28:1, 6 P 1 S 17:20 1 K 2:1); instructing מוסר Pr 1:8; 4:1 (cf. Dt 8:5); specif. as begetter, genitor Pr 23:22 Zc 13:3⁽⁾ ( + אֵם) Is 45:10; cf. Gn 49:4 (J) Lv 18:7, 8, 11 (P); rebuking Gn 37:10; loving Gn 37:4; 44:20 (JE; cf. 22:2; 25:28; 37:3 2 S 14:1); pitying ψ 103:13 (in sim. cf. 2 S 18:5); blessing Gn 27:41 (JE cf. 27:4 also 28:1 P + ); as glad Pr 10:1; 15:20 cf. 29:3; grieving Gn 37:35 (JE; cf. 2 S 12:22; 19:1, 2 f) etc. Also as obj. of honour, obedience, love Ex 20:12 (E) = Dt 5:16; Ex 21:15, 17 (E) Dt 21:18, 19 Gn 28:7 (P), 50:1, 5 1 K 19:20 (all + אֵם) (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaph. of intimate connection Jb 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתי לָֽרִמָּה). 2. of God as father of his people (v. RS ⁴²), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Dt 32:6 Je 3:4, 19; 31:9 Is 63:16⁽⁾; 64:7 Mal 1:6; 2:10 (cf. Ex 4:22; 19:4 (JE) Dt 32:11 Ho 11:1); cf. Je 2:27 (of idolatr. Isr.) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2 S 7:14 ψ 89:27; f. of needy (late) ψ 68:6 (cf. 103:13) (in n.pr., f. of individ., cf. infr.) 3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gn 38:11⁽⁾ Lv 22:13 +; = family Gn 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַחְתִּי) 41:51; 46:31 + cf. Nu 18:1, 2 Jos 2:12, 18; 6:25; especially techn. of divisions of Isr. בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת Nu 3:30, 35 = a father’s house, i.e. a family or clan; more often pl. (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֹת = fathers’ houses = families, clans (cf. Di on Ex 6:14) Ex 6:14; 12:3 Nu 1:2, 18 ff. (often in Nu) Jos 22:14⁽⁾ without בית Jos 14:1; 19:51; 21:1⁽⁾ (always P in Hex); also 1 Ch 5:13, 15 + often in Ch; cf. רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים ( = ר׳ בית א׳) Ex 6:25 cf. 1 K 8:1 1 Ch 6:4; 7:11 + often Ch Ezr Ne. 4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gn 28:13; 32:10 (J; where used of Abr. & Isaac); greatgr. 1 K 15:3; gr.-greatgr. 1 K 15:11, 24 etc.; cf. 2 K 14:3; 15:38; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2; often pl. ( = fathers, forefathers) Gn 15:15; 46:34 (JE) 1 K 19:4; 21:3, 4 2 K 19:12; 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1 K 1:21; 2:10; 11:21; 22:40 +; joined with ויקבר עם אב׳ 1 K 14:31; 15:24; 22:51 2 K 8:24; 15:38 cf. v 7, 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intens., אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Ex 10:6 cf. Dn 11:24; (b) of people Gn 10:21 (J) 17:4, 5 (P) 19:37, 38 (J) 36:9, 43 (P) Dt 26:5 Is 51:2; 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, v. Che) cf. also Ez 16:3, 45 + often; pl. Ex 3:13, 15, 16 (E) Dt 1:8 Jos 1:6 Ju 2:1 1 S 12:6 +; 1 S 12:15 ad fin read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם G We Dr. 5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gn 4:20, 21. 6. fig. of producer, generator Jb 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| טִי־הוֹלִיד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל׃). 7. fig. of benevolence & protection Jb 29:16 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִים, cf. 31:18; of Eliakim Is 22:21; perhaps also of gracious Mess. king אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di)—others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br). 8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); appl. to master 2 K 5:13; priest Ju 17:10; 18:19; prophet 2 K 2:12⁽⁾; 6:21; 13:14⁽⁾ cf. 8:9; counsellor Gn 45:8 (E; cf. δευτέρου πατρός G add. Est 3:13; τῷ πατρί 1 Mac 11:32); king 1 S 24:12; artificer 2 Ch 2:12; 4:16. 9. specif., ruler, chief (late) 1 Ch 2:24, 42⁽⁾ etc. (cf. Ew ^273b). See also Ew ^{i. 524 i. 365}. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many prob. a divine title), v. Che^{, abi, names with} Nö^{ib., names, §§ 44, 45}.

†אֲבִי־עַלְבוֹן S GK n.pr.m. a hero of David 2 S 23:31 read אֲבִיאֵל so G 1 Ch 11:32, cf. Dr^S (We^S אבי־בעל (v. sub אביאל); otherwise Klo.

†אֲבִיאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (Ēl is (my) father, cf. אביהו & Ph. אבבעל (fem.), also אביבעל; & אבנבעל our father etc.; Abi-ba’al KAT ³⁵⁵; v. RS ⁴⁵. Nö ^{1888, 480} makes אבי here, & in אביהו etc., cstr. but this seems unlikely; cf. also אליאב etc.; views differ much as to these n.pr. and uniform interpr. is impossible. Cf. in gen. Ol ^{277 f}). 1. Saul’s grandfather 1 S 9:1; 14:51. 2. = foregoing, 1 Ch 11:32.

†אֲבִיאָסָף S GK n.pr.m. (my father has gathered) son (descendant) of Korah Ex 6:24, Sam. אביסף, so אֶבְיָסָף 1 Ch 6:8, 22; 9:19 (cf. Nes ¹⁸⁵).

†אֲבִיגַ֫יִל S GK n.pr.f. (my father is joy (?) orig. אבגל? (אֲבִגֵל?) cf. MT infr. & Nö ^{1883, 537 Anm2}) 1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1 S 25:14, 23, 39, 40, 42; 27:3; 30:5 2 S 2:2 1 Ch 3:1; = אֲבִגַיִל 1 S 25:3, 36 אֲבִו֯גַיִל v 18, אֲבִיגָל֑ v 32, אֲבִיגַ֯לִ 2 S 3:3. 2. sister of David 1 Ch 2:16, 17 = אֲבִיגַל 17:25.

†אֲבִידָן S GK n.pr.m. (my father is judge) a prince of Benj. Nu 1:11; 2:22; 7:60, 65; 10:24.

†אֲבִידָע S GK n.pr.m. (my father took knowledge) a son of Midian Gn 25:4 1 Ch 1:33. Cf. Sab. אבידע, Hal ^{192, 202}, also ידעאב, DHM ^{’83, 399}.

†אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ S GK n.pr.m. & f. (Yah(u) is (my) father)—so †2 Ch 13:20, 21 = אֲבִיָּם †1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7⁽⁾, 8 (G Ἀβιου, Ἀβια); = אֲבִי †2 K 18:2 (G Ἀβου, Ἀβουθ); = אֲבִיָּה 1 S 8:2 + 22 times— 1. king of Judah, son & successor of Rehoboam 1 K 14:31; 15:1, 7⁽⁾, 8 1 Ch 3:10 2 Ch 11:20, 22; 12:16; 13:1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. 2. 2nd son of Samuel 1 S 8:2 1 Ch 6:13. 3. son of Jerob. I 1 K 14:1. 4. son of Becher, a Benjamite 1 Ch 7:8. 5. head of a priestly house 1 Ch 24:10. 6. id. Ne 10:8; 12:4, 17. 7. wife of Hezron 1 Ch 2:24. 8. mother of Hezekiah 2 K 18:2 2 Ch 29:1.

אֲבִיהוּא S GK n.pr.m. (he is father) a son of Aaron Ex 6:24; 24:1, 9; 28:1 Lv 10:1 + 7 times.

†אֲבִיהוּד S GK n.pr.m. (my father is majesty, cf. הוֹד, עַמִּיהוּד) son of Bela, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:3.

†אֲבִיחַ֫יִל S GK n.pr.m. & f. (my father is might, Sab. אבחיל Hal ²³⁴)—prob. = אֲבִיהַיִל 2 Ch 11:18, אֲבִיהָ֑יִל 1 Ch 2:29— 1. a Levite Nu 3:35. 2. a Gadite 1 Ch 5:14. 3. father of Esther Est 2:15; 9:29. 4. wife of Abishur 1 Ch 2:29. 5. wife of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:18.

†אֲבִיטוּב S GK n.pr.m. (my father is goodness) son of Shaharaim, a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:11.

†אֲבִיטָ֑ל S GK n.pr.f. (my father is (the) dew) a wife of David 2 Ch 3:4 1 Ch 3:3—אֲבִיָּם v. אֲבִיָּ֫הוּ.

†אֲבִימָאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (a father is Ēl; South-Arabic name) son of Joktan Gn 10:28 1 Ch 1:22. Cf. Sab. אבמעתֿתר, Abmi ˓Aṯtar a father is ˓Aṯtar ([עשׁתר] v. עַשְׁתֹּרֶת) Hal ⁸⁶, DHM ^{1883, 18}.

אֲבִימֶ֫לֶךְ S GK n.pr.m. (Melek ( = Malik, Molech) is father)—אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ Gn 20:18 +— 1. king of Gerar Gn 20:2, 3, 4 +, 21:22, 25⁽⁾ +, 26:1, 8 (24 times Gn). † 2. king of Gath ψ 34:1 error for אָבִישׁ, cf. 1 S 21:11f;—a better known Philist. name substituted for a less known (Hup³). > Others (Thes Ol De MV) think a title of Philist. kings, cf. Pharaoh. 3. son of Gideon Ju 8:31; 9:1, 3, 4 +, 10:1 (40 times Ju), 2 S 11:21. † 4. priest, son of Abiathar 1 Ch 18:16 error for אֲחִימֶלֶךְ q.v. (Sab. also n.pr.f. Osiander ^{1865, 209}).

†אֲבִינָדָב S GK n.pr.m. (my father is noble) 1. a man of Gibeah in whose house the ark tarried 1 S 7:1 2 S 6:3⁽⁾, 4 1 Ch 13:7. 2. a son of Jesse 1 S 16:8; 17:13; 1 K 4:11 (? perhaps otherwise unknown; Klo proposes אֲבִינֵר בְּ). 3. a son of Saul 1 S 31:2 1 Ch 8:33; 9:39; 10:2.

†אֲבִי֫נֹעַם S GK n.pr.m. (my father is delight) father of Barak Ju 4:6, 12; 5:1, 12.

אֲבִינֵר S GK n.pr.m. (my father is Nêr, or is a lamp cf. 2 S 21:17; according to Lag ⁷⁵ = אֲבֶן ( = בֶּן) + נֵר = son of Ner; cf. G Ἀβεννηρ)—so only 1 S 14:50, elsewhere אַבְנֵר—cousin of Saul, and captain of his host 1 S 14:50, 51; 17:55⁽⁾ + 52 times 1 & 2 S + 1 K 2:5, 32 1 Ch 26:28; 27:21.

†אֲבִיעֶ֫זֶר S GK n.pr.m. (my father is help)—= אִיעֶזֶר Nu 26:30— 1. a Manassite, called ‘son’ of Gilead Nu 26:30 (cf. Di) Jos 17:2 Ju 6:34; 8:2; and son of Gil.’s sister 1 Ch 7:18. 2. a Benjamite, a warrior of David 2 S 23:27 1 Ch 11:28; 27:12.

†אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי adj.gent. Abiezrite Ju 6:11, 24; 8:32 = אִיעֶזְרִי Nu 26:30.

†אֲבִירָם S GK n.pr.m. ((the) Exalted One is (my) father (v. Bae ¹⁵⁶) cf. Assyrian Aburamu (?) KAT ⁴⁷⁹ cf. Dl^{2, p. 91, 1. 225}). 1. a Reubenite, son of Eliab Nu 16:1, 12, 24, 25, 27⁽⁾; 26:9 Dt 11:6 ψ 106:17. 2. son of Hiel the Bethelite 1 K 16:34. Cf. also following.

אַבְרָם S GK n.pr.m. (id., Thes al. exalted father) Abram Gn 11:26, 27 + 57 times Gn (to 17:5) + 1 Ch 1:27 Ne 9:7; = אַבְרָהָם Abraham Gn 17:5, 9, 15 + 172 times OT. (אברהם connected Gn 17:5 by word-play with הם of המון; really = אברם—רום = רהם which however is not found in Heb.—cf. Di > Hal RÉJ ^{1887, 177 f} who proposes אֲבִר הַם גּוֹיִם cf. Gn 49:24 with Is 41:21; so that אֲבִר הָם chief of multitude is the new name of Gn 17:5 (הָם) √המה). Spiegelberg^{Randglossen 14} cp. Pal. n.pr. geogr. ḥḳr˒™ ˒™brru = חקל אברם (c. Egyptian art. masc.), in Sheshonk list. As regards etym., Nö al. expl. as ‘the father [a divine title] is exalted’ (cf. יְהוֹרָם, מַלְכִּירָם, [אֲ]חִירָם).

†אֲבִישַׁג S GK n.pr.f. (my father is a wanderer (שׁגג)?) a handmaid of David 1 K 1:3, 15; 2:17, 21, 22.

†אֲבִישׁוּעַ S GK n.pr.m. (my father is rescue, or is opulence (cf. שׁוֹעַ rich Jb 34:19; also שׁוּעַ Jb 36:19? but v. שׁוע); Lag ⁷⁵ thinks from אֲבֶן ( = בֶּן) + שׁוע cf. G Ἀβεσσουε 1 Ch 8:4) 1. a son of Phinehas 1 Ch 5:30, 31; 6:35 Ezr 7:5. 2. a Benjamite, son of Bela 1 Ch 8:4.

†אֲבִישׁוּר S GK n.pr.m. (my father is a wall, Sab. אבשור Hal ¹⁴⁸, cf. Assyrian Abudûru Dl ²⁰²) son of Shammai 1 Ch 2:28, 29.

אֲבִישַׁי S GK n.pr.m. (my father is Jesse; Lag ⁷⁵ thinks from אֲבֶן ( = בֶּן) + ישׁי cf. G Ἀβεσσα[ι] 1 S 26:6)—א׳ 1 S 26:6⁽⁾ + 17 times 1 & 2 S = אַבְשַׁי 2 S 10:10 + 5 times 1 Ch.—grandson of Jesse; son of Zeruiah & brother of Joab 1 S 26:6⁽⁾, 7, 8, 9 2 S 2:18, 24 + 20:6 (where read יואב S Th We Dr) + 12 times 2 S + 20:7 (where insert אבישׁי G We Dr) + 5 times 1 Ch.

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם S GK n.pr.m. (my father is peace; according to Lag ⁷⁵ = (בֶּן)אֲבֶן + שָׁלֹם, cf. G Ἀβεσσαλωμ)—א׳ †1 K 15:2, 10 = אַבְשָׁלוֹם 2 S 3:3 +, 2 Ch 11:20, 21, אַבְשָׁלֹם 2 S 13:4 +— 1. Rehob.’s father-in-law †1 K 15:2, 10 2 Ch 11:20, 21. 2. 3rd son of Dvd 2 S 3:3; 13:1 + 90 times 2 S (insert 2 S 13:27 G Th We cf. Dr; del. v 38 Dr cf. We), + †1 K 1:6; 2:7, 2 1 Ch 3:2 ψ 3:1.

אֶבְיָתָר S GK n.pr.m. (the Great One is father (?) so Bä^{Rel. 156}, cf. Sab. ותר) a priest, son of Ahimelech 1 S 22:20, 21, 22; 23:6, 9; 30:7⁽⁾ 2 S 8:17 (read אב׳ בן־אחמלך so S We Dr) + 22 times 2 S 1 K 1 Ch.

אבוגיל Kt 1 S 25:18 v. אֲבִיגַיִל sub II. אבה.

†אֲבוֹי S TWOT GK interj. exclam. of pain, Oh! Pr 23:29 (|| אוֹי woe!). Prob. akin to Syriac ܐܽܘܒܺܝܰܐ (˒ubiya) alas …! PS ⁵³ (AW Ges less prob. as a subst. need from אָבָה, cf. אֶבְיוֹן).

אבח (Dl Ez. x, Pr 75 comp. Assyrian [abâḫu], torment, but dub.)

[אִבְחָה S TWOT GK] n.f. cstr. אִבְחַת חָרֶב Ez 21:20; Dl, as above, slaughter; but prob. error for טבחת (v. טבח) Ges Co; G σφάγια ῥομφαίας, cf. T.

אֲבַטִּיחִים v. II. בטח.

אָבִי S TWOT GK^, v. ביי, בי. אָבִי (1 K 21:29) v. בּוֹא.

אֲבִי S^, GK v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה.

אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי v. אֲבִיעֶזֶר sub II. אבה.

אֲבִיָּה S GK v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה.

אֲבִיהַיִל S GK v. אֲבִיחַיִל sub II. אבה.

אֶבְיוֹן S TWOT GK, אֲבִיּוֹנָה S TWOT GK v. I. אָבָה.

אֲבִיָּם S GK v. אֲבִיָּהוּ sub II. אבה.

אֶבְיָסָף S GK v. אֲבִיאָסָף sub II. אבה.

†[אָבַךְ S TWOT GK] vb. turn (?) (cf. Assyrian abâku Dl = הָפַךְ; Thes MV al. compare בוך) Hithp. וַיִּתְאַבְּכוּ Is 9:17, roll, roll up, as volume of smoke (of Isr. under fig. of thickets of forest) v. De & cf. הִתִהַפֵּךְ Ju 7:3.

†I. אָבַל S TWOT GK^, ₃₉ vb. mourn (Assyrian [abâlu] v. Dl)—Qal Pf. אָבַל Is 24:7 + 2 times etc. Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאֱבַל Ho 4:3 + 3 times—mourn, lament (poet. & higher style); abs., human subj. Jo 1:9 Am 8:8; 9:5 Is 19:8 (|| אנה) cf. Jb 14:22 (subj. נַפְשׁוֹ); sq. על Ho 10:5; more often fig., inanim. subj., gates Is 3:26; land 24:4; 33:9 Ho 4:3 Jo 1:10 Je 4:28 (sq. על) 12:4; 23:10 cf. 12:11 (sq. על), יְהוּדָה 14:2; pastures Am 1:2. Hithp.—Pf. הִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 15:35; Impf. יִתְאַבָּ֑ל Ez 7:12, 27; וַיִּתְאַבֵּל Gn 37:34 + 3 times etc.; Imv. fs. הִתְאַבְּלִי 2 S 14:2; Pt. מִתְאַבֵּל 1 S 16:1 + 2 times etc.;—mourn (mostly prose) especially for dead, sq. על Gn 37:34 2 S 13:37; 14:2; 19:2 (|| בכה) 2 Ch 35:24, cf. also Is 66:10 (over Jerusalem); abs. 1 Ch 7:22; cf. 2 S 14:2 play the mourner (where indic. by dress); over unworthy Saul sq. אֶל 1 S 15:35; 16:1; over sin sq. על Ezr 10:6 cf. (abs.) Ne 8:9; judgment of י׳ Ex 33:4 abs. (indic. by dress), Nu 14:39 Ez 7:27 (del. B Co); sq. כִּי 1 S 6:19; calamity Ne 1:4 Ez 7:12 cf. Dn 10:2. Hiph. Pf. הֶאֱבַלְתִּי Ez 31:15; Impf. וַיַּאֲבֶל־ La 2:8;—cause to mourn; Ez 31:15 abs. MT, but A B Co obj. תהום sq. על, caused the deep to mourn over; La 2:8 obj. wall etc.; (both these fig.; cf. Qal).

†אֵ֫בֶל S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 50:11 mourning—abs. Gn 50:10 + 17 times; cstr. 27:41 + 3 times; אֶבְלֵךְ Is 60:20; אֶבְלָם Je 31:13—for dead, cstr. Gn 27:41 Dt 34:8 (|| בּכי) so א׳ יָחִיד sim. for grievous mourning Am 8:10, id. metaph. Je 6:26 (|| מִסְפַּד תַּמְרוּרִים); Gn 50:11⁽⁾ Je 16:7 cf. 2 S 19:3 עשה א׳ Ez 24:17 (v. Co) sq. לְ Gn 50:10 (v. also ii. אָבֵל ad fin.); for calamity, Est 4:3; 9:22 (|| יָגוֹן; contr. יוֹם טוֹב) Jb 30:31 (|| קול בכים) Is 60:20; 61:3 (where appar. = mourning garb, sq. מַעֲטֵה תְהִלָּה, v. also Bi Che on text; || רוּחַ כֵּהָה; contr. שֶׁמֶן שָׂשׂוֹן); Je 31:13 (|| שׂשׂון), La 5:15 (|| מָחוֹל), Am 5:16 (|| מִסְפֵּד); cf. א׳ כִּבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Mi 1:8; = time, period of mourning 2 S 11:27; בֵּית א׳ Ec 7:2 (|| בּ׳ מִשְׁתֶּה, v 4 (|| בּ׳ שִׂמְחָה); בִּגְדֵי א׳ garments of mourning 2 S 14:2.

אֵבֶל מִצְרַיִם v. אָבֵל מ׳ sub II. אבל.

†i. אָבֵל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, adj. mourning—א׳ Gn 37:35 Est 6:12; cstr. אֲבֶל־ ψ 35:14; אֲבֵלִים Jb 29:25 Is 61:2 etc.;—for dead Gn 37:35 (cp. 50:11), calamity Est 6:12; fig. La 1:4 (pred., inanim. subj.), elsewhere as subst. mourner; sg. ψ 35:14 (cstr.) for dead (|| קדר; pl. Jb 29:25 abs.; for calamity Is 57:18; 61:2, 3 (where mourners for Zion, or of Zion, v. Di).

II. אבל TWOT (perhaps أَبَلَ (˒abala) grow green, cf. ܝܺܒܶܠ (yibel) grass; Lag ⁴⁵ proposes أَبَلَ (˒abala) withstand, hence אָבֵל as withstanding scorching sun (protected by trees, springs, hence also (Lag) إِبِلٌ (˒ibilun) camel. conject. very dub.; connex. (Lag) of أَبَلَ (˒abala) withstand, with أُبُلٌ (˒ubulun) herbage, forage (sometimes dry) improb., and of latter with إِبِلٌ (˒ibilun) herd of camels obscure; √ meaning grow green unattested; Syriac ܝܺܒܶܠ, ܝܰܒܠܴܐ (yibel, yablo), ܝܰܒܠܴܐ (yablo), Talm יַבְלָא, Pun. ιεβαλ, ‘grass,’ appar. = a specific kind of fodder, ἄγρωστις, v. Löw ¹⁴¹ (GFM, privately).)

†ii. אָבֵל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, n.f. 1. meadow (?) 1 S 6:18 MT but read אֶבֶן cf. v 14, 15 G S We Dr 2. n.pr.loc. city in N. Isr. 1 S 20:18, near Beth Maacah v 14 = אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה v 15 (so also v 14 Ew Th We Klo Dr), 1 K 15:20 2 K 15:29; = א׳ מַיִם 2 Ch 16:4 ( = Abil el Ḳamḥ wheat-meadow NW. of Dan. & S. of Mutulleh Rob ^{III, 372}). 3. אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים n.pr.loc. ( = acacia-meadow) in lowlands of Moab Nu 33:49; = שִׁטִּים Nu 25:1 Mi 6:5 ( = Tel Kefrein (?) Tristr & Merrill ^{4th Statement, 89}). 4. אָבֵל כְּרָמִים n.pr.loc. ( = vineyard-meadow) in Ammon Ju 11:33 (v. Euseb. Ἀβελαμπελων). 5. אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה n.pr.loc. ( = dance-meadow) Ju 7:22 1 K 4:12; Elisha’s birthplace 19:16 (v Euseb. Ἀβελμαελαι). 6. אָבֵל מִצְרַיִם n.pr.loc. ( = meadow of Egypt, i.e. fertile as Egypt?) E. of Jordan Gn 50:11 (where interpr. as if אֵבֶל מ׳, so G B; v. Di).

†אֲבָל S TWOT GK adv. 7. in older Heb. with an asseverative force, verily, of a truth Gn 42:21 2 S 14:5 1 K 1:43 2 K 4:14, with a slight advers. force, nay, but Gn 17:19 (P). 8. in late Heb. as a decided adversative, howbeit, but Dn 10:7, 21 Ezr 10:13 2 Ch 1:4; 19:3; 33:17 (cf. Arabic بَلْ (bal) of a truth, sometimes, from the context, nay rather Qor 2:82, 94, 110, 129, 149, 165, 261; 3:143; 4:52 etc.)

III. אבל TWOT (cf. Arabic أَبِلٌ (˒abilun) able to manage camels, from إِبِلٌ (˒ibilun), coll., Sab. אבל camel DHM ^{1883, 329}).

†אוֹבִיל S GK n.pr.m. (? camel-driver GFM (privately) queries whether, if genuine, name may not be theophoric (x + īl), poss. error for אַדְבְּאֵל; or Aramaic Aph. from יבל (which in any case may have influenced pronunciation).), overseer of David’s camels 1 Ch 27:30.

אֻבָל S TWOT GK, אוּבַל S TWOT GK v. יבל.

אֶ֫בֶן S^, TWOT^, GK₂₇₄ n.f. Gn 29:2 (m. 1 S 17:40?) stone (Assyrian abnu, = the sharp, projecting? v. Dl^{, 107}; Ph. אבן; Aramaic אֶבֶן, ܐܰܒܕܳܐ (˒abdo); Ethiopic እብን (˒əbn) Sab. אבן[ם] DHM ^{1883, 341}) = א׳ abs. Gn 28:22 +; אָ֑בֶן 11:3 +; cstr. 49:24 +; sf. אַבְנוֹ 2 K 3:25; אֲבָנִים Gn 31:46 +, etc.;—a stone (large or small). 1. in natural state, used as pillow Gn 28:11, 18 (E); seat Ex 17:12 (E); cover of well Gn 29:3⁽⁾, 8, 10 (J) causing one to stumble Is 8:14; marring good ground 2 K 3:19, 25; hand-missile Ex 21:18 (JE) Nu 35:17, 23 (P) 2 S 16:6, 13, especially in judicial stoning, with vb. רָגַם Lv 20:2, 27; 24:23 Nu 14:10; 15:35, 36 Jos 7:25a (all P), so also Dt 21:21 2 Ch 24:21 Ez 16:40; 23:47; cf. 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; with vb. סָקַל Dt 13:11; 17:5; 22:21, 24 1 K 21:13; also Jos 7:25b (JE or D); sling-stones Ju 20:16 1 S 17:40, 49⁽⁾, 50 2 Ch 26:14; hurled by engines 2 Ch 26:15; set up for inscribing law Dt 27:2, 4, 8 Jos 8:32 (all D); as memorial Jos 4:3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 21 (JED) 1 S 7:12; as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gn 28:18; 35:14 (anointed with oil), 28:22 ( = בֵּיתאֵל) cf. יִשְׂרָאֵל (רֹעֶה)א׳ Gn 49:24 (v. Di); as witness 31:45 cf. Jos 24:26, 27 (all JE); pl. gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Jos 7:26 (v. Di) 8:29 cf. 10:18, 27 (JE) 2 S 18:17; גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Gn 31:46⁽⁾ (JE); built into altar Ex 20:25 Dt 27:5, 6 (JED) Jos 8:31 1 K 18:31, 32, 38; cf. 2 K 23:15 G Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) א׳ מַשְׂכִּית Lv 26:1 (H); א׳ גדולה where ark rested 1 S 6:14, 15 also v 18 (MT אבל q.v.); (v. for other noteworthy stones 9. infr.) 2. stone, as material, of tablets Ex 24:12; 31:18; 34:1 (pl.) v 4⁽⁾ (JE) Dt 4:13; 5:19; 9:9, 10, 11; 10:1, 3; of vessels, hence prob. Ex 7:19 (P; א׳ = vessels of stone || עצים) v. Di; idols (|| עץ) Dt 4:28; 28:36, 64; 29:16 2 K 19:18 = Is 37:19; also Je 3:9 Ez 20:32; pavement 2 K 16:17; edifice 1 K 6:7 cf. Gn 11:3; also 2 S 5:11 2 K 12:13 1 Ch 22:15; often pl. of (worked) stones Lv 14:40, 42⁽⁾, 43, 45 (P; in wall of house) 2 K 22:6 +, cf. of city-wall Ne 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 K 15:22 Ne 3:34; tomb Is 14:19; אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 K 5:31; 7:9, 10, 11 (v. also sub 3); אַבְנֵי־שַׁיִשׁ = marble (v. G) 1 Ch 29:2; אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 K 5:31 1 Ch 22:2 Ez 40:42 (for altar-tables),—cf. גָּזִית; א251 ֫֒מַחְצֵב 2 K 12:13; 22:6 2 Ch 34:11; foundation-stone, corner-stone Is 28:16 Je 51:26 Jb 38:6 ψ 118:22; cap-stone, completing the building, הָא׳ הָרִאשֹׁנָה Zc 4:7 (but v. רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה ψ 118:22 as above), Zc 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, prob. refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God’s watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, v. Guthe ^{1890, 129}; stone-cutters חָרָשֵׁי א׳ 2 S 5:11 1 Ch 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָא׳ 2 K 12:13 cf. 1 Ch 22:2. 3. precious stone, gen. with modifying word א׳ יְקָרָה coll. 2 S 12:30 1 K 10:2 + often (v. 2); א׳ הַשֹּׁהַם Gn 2:12 (J) cf. Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (P) 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ מִלֻּאִים Ex 25:7; 35:9, 27 cf. 1 Ch 29:2; א251 ֫֒סַפִּיר Ez 1:26; 10:1; אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Is 54:12; א׳ חֵפֶץ ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Ch 29:2; א׳ חֵן Pr 17:8; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ez 28:14, 16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išâti (?) v. Dl ¹¹⁸ & ⁴⁰; but Sm al. thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifie Ex 25:7; 35:9; חָרַשׁ א׳ engraver in stone Ex 28:11 cf. 31:5; 35:33 (P). † 4. stones containing metal, = ore, Dt 8:9 (v. Di) Jb 28:2 cf. v. 3. † 5. a weight, as orig. stone (v. Pr 27:3 cf. Eng. weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי־כִיס Pr 16:11 (cf. Assyrian Dl ³⁸); א׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 S 14:26 (i.e. according to royal standard; cf. COT Gn 23:16); א׳ וָא׳ Dt 25:13 Pr 20:10, 23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mi 6:11; just weights אַבְנֵי־צֶדֶק Lv 19:36; א׳ שְׁלֵמָה Pr 11:1; hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zc 5:8. † 6. plummet Is 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, cf. on sense 2 K 21:13 Am 7:7, 8); also made of metal הא׳ הַבְּדִּיל Zc 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum). † 7. objectslike stones; partic. hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Jos 10:11 cf. Is 30:30; א׳ אֶלְגָּבִישׁ Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; but also גְּדֹלוֹת אֲבָנִים Jos 10:11 (E) (cf. Assyrian Dl ³⁸); lime-stones אַבְנֵי־גִד Is 27:9. 8. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water Ex 15:5 = Ne 9:11; motionlessness Ex 15:16; strength Jb 6:12; firmness 41:16; solidity (of ice) 38:30; in prose, of commonness 1 K 10:27 2 Ch 1:15; also metaph. of one in fear 1 S 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, cf. Ex 15:16 supr.); לֵב הָא׳ = perverse, hard heart Ez 11:19; 36:26; אַבְנֵי־נֵזֶר Zc 9:16 (of ransomed Isr.)—א׳ personif. Hb 2:11 cf. v 19; cf. Ez 13:11 (v. 7 supr.) † 9. In topogr. terms (nearly = n.pr.); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Jos 15:6; 18:17; א׳ הָעֶזֶר 1 S 5:1 cf. 7:12, also 4:1 (We Dr); הָא׳ הָאָ֑זֶל 1 S 20:19, read הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאו v. G here & v 41 (We Dr Klo); א׳ הַזֹּחֶלֶת 1 K 1:9 (where We ^III,171 comp. Arabic Zuḥal = Saturn).

†[אֹבֶן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] wheel, disc.—Du. הָאָבְנָ֑יִם— 1. potter’s wheel Je 18:3 (two discs revolving one above the other; name from likeness to mill-stones; v. AW¹⁸). 2. עַל־הָא׳ Ex 1:16 prob. = sella parturientis, = δίφροι λοχειαῖοι bearing-stool, midwife’s stool (from likeness to potter’s wheel; on custom of labor upon stool v. Ploss^{Das Weib, 2nd ed. ii, 35, 179 etc.} & Cesnola Coll. from Cyprus, Metrop. Mus., N. York, No. 614, terra cotta fig. from 4th or 5th cent. b.c.; Descriptive Atlas of Cesn. Coll. ^{I, lxvi. 435}; cf. W. H. W[ard] ^{2nd Statement 1873, p. 76}). Spiegelberg ^{xiv (1900), 269 ff.; Randglossen 19 ff.} expl. as the two stones [read אַבְנַיִם], i.e. bearing-stool of ‘stones’ = bricks, tiles.

אבנה Kt 2 K 5:12 v. ii. אֲמָנָה.

אַבְנֵט S TWOT GK v. בנט.

אַבְנֵר S GK v. אֲבִינֵר sub II. אָבָה.

†[אָבַס S TWOT GK] vb. feed, fatten (Mish. id.;? Assyrian [abâsu] Dl ⁴⁶) Qal Pt. pass. fattened, אָבוּס of ox Pr 15:17; אֲבוּסִים of fowl 1 K 5:3.

†אֵבוּס S TWOT GK n.m. Pr 14:4 crib (= feeding-trough, on form v. Ges ^{84 a 12. R.}) of ass Is 1:3 (cstr.); oxen Pr 14:4 (abs.); אִם־יָלִין עַל־אֲבוֶּס֑ךָ Jb 39:9 (of wild-ox).

†[מַאֲבוּס S TWOT GK] n.[m.] granary (= place of fodder;? Assyrian bît abûsâti Dl ⁴⁶) pl. sf. מַאֲבֻסֶיהָ Je 50:26.

אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת S TWOT GK v. בוע.

אבץ (meaning unknown).

†[אֶ֫בֶץ S GK] n.pr.loc. city in Issachar, אָ֑בֶץ Jos 19:20.

†אִבְצָן S GK n.pr.m. judge of Isr. Ju 12:8, 10 (Lag^{GN 1891, 19} (אֲ)בֶן צָן, G Ἀβεσσαν, S ܐܰܒܝܨܳܢ (˒abyṣon)).

אבק TWOT (Arabic أَبَقَ (˒abaqa) run away (cf. Lag ⁵¹)).

†אָבָק S TWOT GK n.m. Ez 26:10 dust—א׳ Dt 28:24 + 3 times; cstr. אֲבַק Na 1:3; sf. אֲבָקָם Ez 26:10—dust (?fleeing, flying; syn. עָפָר = often dust lying on or composing ground) Ex 9:9 Ez 26:10 Dt 28:24 (|| עָפָר) Is 5:24 (|| מָק) 29:5 (|| מֹץ); fig. of clouds under Yahweh’s feet Na 1:3.

†[אֲבָקָה S TWOT GK or אַבְקָה] n.f. prob. coll., cstr. רוֹכֵל אַבְקַת Ct 3:6 powders of merchant = scent-powders. (On formation cf. Lag ⁸¹.)

†[אָבַק S TWOT GK] vb.denom.Niph. wrestle (= get dusty, cf. κόνις, κονίω, v. also Str^{Pirke Aboth, I, 4} בַּעֲפַר רַגְלֵיהֶם מִתְאַבֵּק = sit at their feet; others, e.g. Di, comp. חבק). וַיֵּאָבֵק עִם Gn 32:25; Inf. sf. עִם בְּהֵאָֽבְקוֹ v 26.

אבר TWOT (cf. Assyrian abâru, be firm, strong Dl)

†אֵ֫בֶר S TWOT GK n.[m.] pinions (from strength, poet. & fig., pl. in sense) as of dove ψ 55:7; eagle Is 40:31; אֶרֶךְ הָא׳ of king, of Babyl. under fig. of eagle Ez 17:3 (|| גְּדוֹל הַכְּנָפַיִם of broad, overshadowing wings).

†אֶבְרָה S TWOT GK n.f. pinion (nom. unit., poet.) of ostrich Jb 39:13; אֶבְרָתוֹ of eagle, sim. for י׳ Dt 32:11; metaph. of י׳ ψ 91:4; אֶבְרוֹתֶיהָ of dove ψ 68:14; (all || כּנף).

†[אָבַר S TWOT GK] vb.denom. Hiph. fly ( = move pinions); of hawk יַאֲבֶר־נֵץ Jb 39:26.

†[אָבִיר S TWOT GK] adj. strong; always = subst. the Strong, old name for Good (poet.); only cstr. in אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב Gn 49:24 & thence ψ 132:2, 5 Is 49:26; 60:16; א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Is 1:24 (cf. Che crit. n.)—Ba ⁵¹ assigns this cstr. to אַבִּיר.

†אַבִּיר S TWOT GK adj. mighty, valiant—א׳ Jb 34:20 + Is 10:13 Kt (Qr כַּבִּיר; cstr. id. 1 S 21:8; pl. אַבִּירִים Jb 24:22 +;—mighty (always = subst. & poet. except 1 S 21:8). 1. men Jb 24:22( = violent) 34:20 1 S 21:8 (read א׳ הָרָצִים Gr Dr, cf. 22:17; but Lag^Probebibel אֹבִיל הָעֲיָרִים v. Id. ⁴⁵; Klo גִּבּוֹר), La 1:15; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout of heart Is 46:12 ( = obstinate) ψ 76:6. 2. angels ψ 78:25 (cf. 103:20). 3. animals; bull, sim. of king of Assyrian Is 10:13 (read כְּאַבִּיר & v. Di); elsewhere pl.; metaph. for enemies אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן ψ 22:13 (|| פּרים); for princes ψ 68:31; for Edomites Is 34:7; hence even as sacrif. ψ 50:13 (|| עַתּוּדִים); of horses Ju 5:22 Je 8:16; 46:15; 47:3; 50:11 but Je 46:15 many MSS. G Aq Symm Theod B many moderns read אַבִּירֶ֑ךָ thy bull, i.e. Apis

אַבְרָהָם S TWOT GK v. אַבְרָם sub II. אבה.

†אַבְרֵךְ S TWOT GK proclaimed before Joseph Gn 41:43 (meaning dub.; many Egyptian deriv. proposed; e.g. a-bor-k, Copt. = prostrate thyself! Benfey^{Verh. d. äg. . z. Sem. 302 f}; āprek, = head bowed! Chabas ^I—but ā = ע, v. also Wiedemann^{Altäg. Wörter 1883, 8}; apreχ-u, head of the wise, Harkavy^{Berl. äg. Zeftschr. 1869}; ȧb-rek, rejoice thou! Cook^{Speaker’s Gn. ad loc. and p. 482}; Lepage Renouf^{PSBA Nov. 1888, 5 f} ȧb(u)-rek, thy command is our desire, i.e. we are at thy service; Say^{Rel. 183} Assyrian abrikku = Akkadian abrik, vizier (unpub. tabl.), v. already Dl^{; 134 , 1. 11. 12} who cp. Assyrian abarakku = title, perhaps grand vizier; against Dl, v. COT & Nö ^{1886, 734} Spiegelberg^{Randglossen 14 ff.} expl. as Egyptian ˒brk = give attention!).

אַבְרָם S GK, אַבְשַׁי S GK v. אֲבִירָם, אֲבִישַׁי sub II. אבה.

אַבְשָׁלוֹם S GK, אַבְשָׁלֹם v. אֲבִישָׁלוֹם sub II. אבה.

אגא (cf. Arabic أَجَأَ (˒aja˒a) flee Frey). Authority for Arabic vb. أَجَأَ (˒aja˒a) flee is slender, but word occurs as n.pr.mont., and elsewhere (GFM, privately).

†אָגֵא S GK n.pr.m. (fugitive?) father of a hero of David 2 S 23:11 (ins. also 1 Ch 11:13 Dr).

†אֲגָג, (אֲגַג Nu 24:7) n.pr.m. (violent? Assyrian agâgu Dl) king of Amalek 1 S 15:8, 9, 20, 32⁽⁾, 33, also Nu 24:7 (E), as symbol of might; (Is א׳ then title? v. Di).

†אֲגָגִי S GK adj.gent. of Haman ( = Amalekite? so Jew. trad. & cf. Jos Est 3:1, 10; 8:3, 5; 9:24

אגד TWOT (bind, so Talm אָגַד, Aramaic אֲגַד. Aramaic א׳ (Talm, once, Levy) prob. Hebraism.)

†אֲגֻדָּה S TWOT GK n.f. band (Mishn. אֲגוּדָּה cf. NHWB) 1. pl. cstr. אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה bands, thongs (fastening ox-bow) metaph. of fetters of slavery Is 58:6. 2. אֲגֻדַּת אֵזוֹב bunch of hyssop Ex 12:22. 3. א׳ abs. band of men (cf. חֶבֶל. Eng. band) 2 S 2:25. 4. אֲגֻדָּתוֹ vault of the heavens (as fitted together, constructed, cf. Arabic إِجَادٌ (˒ijādun)) Am 9:6.

†אֱגוֹז S TWOT GK n.[m.] nuts (coll. (NH id., אַמְגּוֹזָא, Arabic جَوْزٌ (jawzun), Ethiopic ገውዝ (gawz) Aramaic ܓܰܘܙ (gawz), אֱגוּזָא; cf. Pers. گوز (gwz), whence prob. אֱגוֹז as loan-word) Ct 6:11.

אגל TWOT (Hoffm^{Hiob. 86} comp. Arabic اجل (˒jl) restrict, Ethiopic እገሌ (˒əgale) a certain one (name withheld), etc.)

אֵ֫גֶל S TWOT GK n.[m.] usually trans. drop, אֶגְלֵי־טָ֑ל dew-drops Jb 38:28 (|| מָטָר) so Vrss De Di; Hoffm ‘Rückstände,’ ‘Ansammlungen,’ i.e. collections, stores, reserve-supply.

†אֶגְלַ֫יִם S GK n.pr.loc. town in Moab Is 15:8; (meaning?);? cf. Αἰγαλειμ (Euseb.) 9 m. S. of Areopolis; v. Lag^{228, 98; ed. 2, p. 244}.

אגם TWOT (troubled, sad, Assyrian agâmu Dl cf. Arabic أَجَمَ (˒ajama) loathe; also أَجَمَةٌ (˒ajamatun) marshy jungle; Arabic أَجِمَ (˒ajima) also = spoil (of water); cf. أَجَمَةٌ (أَجَمٌ) (˒ajamatun (˒ajamun)) = pool, reed-bed (also tangled thicket, etc.) Lane, and marsh Dozy^{i. 11}.) cf. עגם.

†אֲגַם S TWOT GK^, n.[m.] troubled pool (Aramaic id., ܐܶܓܡܳܐ (˒egmo), Assyrian agammu Dl)—א׳ abs. Is 35:7; cstr. 41:18 + 2times; אֲגַמִּים Ex 8:1 + 2times; אַגְמֵי Is 14:23; אַגְמֵיהֶם Ex 7:19— 1. troubled or muddy (glomy) pools or marshes, pl. א׳ מַיִם Is 14:23. 2. any pool, pond, sg. א׳ מַיִם Is 41:18 ψ 107:35; 114:8; pl. without מַיִם Ex 7:19; 8:1 (P) Is 42:15. 3. swamp-reed, rush ( = אַגְמוֹן) Je 51:32.

†[אָגֵם S TWOT GK] adj. sad (cf. Mish.) אַגְמֵי־נֶפֶשׁ Is 19:10.

†אַגְמֹן S TWOT GK, אַגְמוֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] rush, bulrush. 1. used as cord or line Jb 40:26 (of twisted rushes, or spun of rush-fibre, cf. Di ad loc.); as fuel 41:12; sim. of bending head Is 58:5. 2. metaph. of the lowly, insignif. (|| כִּפָּה) Is 9:13; 19:15.

אגן TWOT (prob. circular, round, cf. Arabic أُجْنَةٌ (˒ujnatun) ball of cheek & v. Talm. אוֹגֶן curved rim of a vessel).

†[אַגָּן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] bowl, basin (Talm. אוֹגָן, Aramaic אַגָּנָא, ܐܰܓܳܢܳܐ (˒agono); Arabic إِجَّاذَةٌ (˒ijjāḏatun), vessel in which clothes are washed; Assyrian (pl.) aganâtē Dl). 1. basins used in ritual אַגָּנֹת Ex 24:6 (E). 2. אַגַּן הַסַּהַר, sim. of curves of body Ct 7:3. 3. metaph. of family of Eliakim. כְּלֵי הָאַגָּנוֹת = basin-vessels Is 22:24 ( = bowl-shaped vessels Che) opp. כְּלֵי הַנְּכָלִים; both || כְּלֵי הַקָּטָן.

אגף TWOT (Assyrian stem of agappu, wing, cf. Dl)

†[אֲגַף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] band, army (loan-word, orig. wing of army; Assyrian agappu, Aramaic אגף, wing. Others, from גפף, Sta ^{256 b})—All Ez. & all pl. (or du.?) אֲגַפֶּיךָ Ez 38:9; 39:4; אֲגַפָּיו 12:14 + 3 times; אֲגַפֶּיהָ 38:6 (all c. כָּל־ except 38:22)—bands, armies of king of Judah Ez 12:14; 17:21; hordes (RV) of Gog 38:9, 22; 39:4; specif. of גֹּמֶר 38:6; of תּוֹגַרְמָה ib.

†I. [אָגַר S TWOT GK] vb. gather (food)—only Qal—Pf. אָֽגְרָה, of ant Pr 6:8 (obj. מַאֲכָל; Impf. 2 ms. תֶּאֱגֹר of Isr. Dt 28:39 (obj. = grapes, not expr. Pt. אֹגֵר בַּקַּיִץ subst. one who gathers (abs.) Pr. 10:5.

II. אגר TWOT (pay, hire, Arabic أَجَرَ (˒ajara) Aramaic אֲגַר, ܐܶܓܰܪ (˒egar), Assyrian agâru Dl, Palm. אגר Reck ^{1888, 396}).

אָגוּר S GK n.pr.m. (perhaps hireling, Arabic أَجِيرٌ (˒ajīrun) Aramaic אֲגִירָא, ܐܰܓܺܝܪܳܐ (˒agiro) v. PS, Assyrian agîru, cf. Hpt ^{i. 124}; others gatherer, from i. אגר) son of יָקֶה, an author of proverbs Pr 30:1.

†[אֲגוֹרָה S TWOT GK] n.f. payment, אֲגוֹרַת כֶּסֶף 1 S 2:36.

אִגֶּ֫רֶת S TWOT GK n.f. letter, letter-missive (late, prob. loan-word, Assyrian egirtu Dl)—abs. Ne 2:8 + 2 times; cstr. Est 9:29; pl. אִגְּרוֹת abs. 2 Ch 30:1 + 3 times; cstr. Ne 2:9; אִגְּרֹתֵיהֶם Ne 6:17—letter, especially royal letter 2 Ch 30:1, 6 Ne 2:7, 8, 9; but also others Ne 6:5, 17, 19 Es 9:26, 29 (|| סֵפֶר vv 20, 30; other syn. מִכְתָּב, נִשְׁתְּוָן q.v.)

אֲגַרְטָל S TWOT GK v. גרטל.

אֶגְרֹף S TWOT GK v. גרף.

אֵד S TWOT GK, אוֹדוֹת, אֹדוֹת S TWOT GK v. אוד.

†[אָדַב S TWOT GK] vb. grieve; Hiph. inf. לַאֲדִיב ( = לְהַאֲדִיב Ges ^{53.3.R 7}) to cause to grieve 1 S 2:33. (But Dr proposes לְהָדִיב from דוב q.v.)

†אַדְבְּאֵל S GK n.pr.m. 3rd son of Ishmael (cf. Arabic أَدَبَ (˒adaba) invite, discipline?) Gn 25:13 1 Ch 1:29 (Assyrian Idiba˒il etc., name of north. Arabic tribe Dl ³⁰¹; cf. Minæan אדבל DHM in MV).

אדד (? cf. Arabic أَدٌّ (˒addun) strength).

†אִדּוֹ S TWOT GK n.pr.m. a chief Israelite Ezr 8:17⁽⁾.

אֲדַד S GK n.pr.m. v. הדד.

אֲדַלְיָא S GK n.pr.m. 5th son of Haman Est 9:8 (Pers.?).

I. אדם TWOT^, (cf. Assyrian [adâmu] make, produce (?) Dl ^{& 104}).

אָדָם S^, TWOT GK^{, , , ,} ₅₆₀ n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind (Ph. אדם, Sab. id., CIS^{iv. 1, 1. 4} al.; cf. Assyrian admu, young (of bird) Dl, but Nö ^1886,722 identif. with Arabic أَذَامٌ (˒aḏāmun) coll. creatures)—Sg. abs. except cstr. Pr 6:12 cf. Thes; (בְּנֵי (הָ)א׳ often = pl. of א׳ Gn 11:5 + 39 times, cf. בְּנוֹת הָא׳ Gn 6:2, 4)— 1. a man ( = Ger. Mensch) = human being Gn 2:5, 7⁽⁾, 8, 15, 16, 18 +, 16:12 (27 times J) Lv 5:4 (|| נֶפֶשׁ) 13:2, 9 (19 times P) Ne 2:10 Is 13:12 (|| אֱנוֹשׁ); הָאָ׳ הַגָּדוֹל Jos 14:15 (E); אָ׳ בְּלִיַּעַל Pr 6:12 (|| אִישׁ אָוֶן cf. 1 S 25:25 & v. בליעל); = any one Lv 1:2 Nu 9:6, 7 Jb 20:29; 27:13 Pr 15:20; 21:16, 20; 24:30 Ec 7:20 + often WisdLt, Je 2:6; 4:25 Ne 2:12, cf. נֶפֶשׁ א׳ Nu 19:11, 13 +; seld. man opp. woman Gn 2:22⁽⁾, 23, 25; 3:8, 12, 17, 20, 21 Ec 7:28. 2. coll. man, mankind Gn 1:26; 9:5, 6⁽⁾ + (P 28 times) 6:1, 5, 6, 7 (JE 24 times) Dt 4:32 (D 6 times) (on 2 S 7:19 cf. 1 Ch 17:17 v. Dr); distinctly = men + women Gn 1:27; 5:1 Nu 5:6; given as name Gn 5:2; but = warriors Is 22:6 רֶכֶב א׳ (|| פּרשׁים); || beasts (41 times) בְּהֵמָה Gn 6:7; 7:23 (J?) Ex 8:13, 14; 9:9, 10 (P) 9:19, 22, 25; 12:12; 13:2, 13, 15 (all J) +; late proph. Je 21:6; 31:27; 50:3; 51:62 Ez 14:13, 17, 19, 21; 25:13; 29:8, 11; 32:13 (del. Co) 36:11 Jon 3:8 Zp 1:3 Hg 1:11 Zc 2:8; 8:10; || בָּקָר Ez 4:15; || צֹאן, חֲמֹרִים, ב׳ Nu 31:28; || id. + מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָה v 30 cf. Jon 3:7; || חַיָּה Gn 9:5 (P) cf. Ez 1:5, 8, 10, 26, & descript. of כְּרוּבִים Ez 10:8, 14, 21 cf. 41:19; || trees Dt 20:19 (read הֶאָדָם v. Di); opp. God 1 S 15:29; 16:7⁽⁾ Is 31:3 Ez 28:2, 9 1 Ch 21:13; 29:1 2 Ch 6:18 Mal 3:8 cf. Ex 33:20 Dt 5:21; so בֶּן־א׳ Nu 23:19 (|| אישׁ Ez 2:1, 3, 6, 8 (87 times Ez, always addressed to proph.); בְּנֵי הָא׳ 1 S 26:19; made in God’s image Gn 1:26, 27; 9:6 cf. Ec 7:29; as feeble, earthly, mortal Nu 16:29⁽⁾ Ps 82:7; 144:3, 4 Jb 5:7; 14:1, 10 cf. 25:6 (בֶּן־א׳) Ec 12:5; as sinful 1 K 8:46 2 Ch 6:36 Je 10:14 cf. Nu 5:6 Jb 31:33 Ho 6:7; of men in general, other men (opp. to particular ones) Ju 16:17 (cf. אַחַד הָא׳ v 7, 11) 18:7, 28 ψ 73:5 Je 32:20 +; || אִישׁ Is 2:9, 11, 17; 5:15 cf. Ez 23:42 (del. Co Vrss); בְּנֵי א׳ 2 S 7:14 (|| אֲנָשִׁים) Pr 8:4 (|| אִישִׁים); ψ 49:3; 62:10 (both || בְּנֵי אִישׁ) = men of low opp. men of high degree—so often Ph. and = vassal Sab. DHM ^{1875, 680 686}; נֶפֶשׁ א׳ coll. Nu 31:35, 40, 46 1 Ch 5:21 Ez 27:13. † 3. n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art. cf. שָׂטָן 1 Ch 21:1 over ag. הַשּׂ׳ Jb 1:6 etc.) Gn 4:25 (J) 5:1, 3, 4, 5 (P) 1 Ch 1:1. (Gn 2:20; 3:17, 21 read לָא׳ v. Di) † 4. n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built? Jos 3:16.

אֲדָמָה S^, TWOT GK^, ₂₂₄ n.f. ground, land (as titlled, Ger. bebaut? Dl ¹⁰⁵, but Fleisch. (Merx^{Archiv I, 236 f}) comp. Arabic أَدَمَة (˒adamat) skin, as smoothly covering & close-fitting; √דם cf. Arabic دَمَّ (damma) smear (spread over surface); cf. also Nö ^{1886, 737})—א׳ Gn 1:25 +; cstr. אַדְמַת Gn 47:20 +; sf. אַדְמָתִי Jb 31:38 + 2 times etc.; pl. אֲדָמוֹת ψ 49:12— 1. ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance) Gn 2:5, 9; 3:17, 23; 4:2, 3, 12; 5:29; 8:21; 19:25; 47:23 Ex 34:26 (all J); Ex 23:19 (E) Dt 7:13; 11:17; 26:2, 10, 15; 28:4, 11, 18, 33, 42, 51; 30:9; 2 S 9:10 Is 1:7; 28:24; 30:23⁽⁾, 24 Je 7:20; 14:4; 25:33 Hg 1:11 Mal 3:11 ψ 83:11; 105:35 Pr 12:11 28:19 1 Ch 27:26 Ne 10:36, 38 cf. fig. Jb 5:6 (|| עפר); personif. 31:38 Jo 1:10; also אִישׁ הָא׳ Gn 9:20 (J) tiller, husbandman; meton. אֹהֵב א׳ 2 Ch 26:10 i.e. lover of husbandry (or do these point to earlier meaning tillage? cf. Dl ¹⁰⁵) אִישׁ עֹבֵד א׳ Zc 13:5. † 2. piece of ground, landed property Gn 47:18, 19⁽⁾, 20, 22⁽⁾, 23, 26 (all J) ψ 49:12 (pl.) † 3. earth as material substance; of wh. man is made Gn 2:7 (עָפָר מִן־הָא׳); so animals v 19 (מִן־הָא׳); altar Ex 20:24; earthen vessels חַרְשֵׂי א׳ Is 45:9, on head, sign of woe 1 S 4:12 2 S 1:2; 15:32; of contrition Ne 9:1 (cf. אֵפֶר, עָכָּר); מַעֲבֵה הָא׳ 1 K 7:46 cf. 2 Ch 4:17 (firmness of earth, firm earth, clay-ground, for casting-moulds; or clay-moulds (Be)? or is this n.pr.? Klo proposes בַּמְּעָרָה הָאֲדֻמָּה in the red cave); mule-loads of 2 K 5:17; in it lie the dead מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־עָפָר Dn 12:2 cf. Gn 3:19, 23 ψ 146:4. 4. ground as earth’s visible surface; רֶמֶס הָא׳ Gn 1:25; 6:20 (both P) Ho 2:20 cf. Gn 7:8; 9:2 (J?) Lv 20:25 (P) Dt 4:18 Ez 38:20; also Gn 4:10 (J) Is 24:21 Am 3:5 Zp 1:2, 3; as wet with dew 2 S 17:12; rain 1 K 17:14; 18:1; cf. personif. פָּֽצְתָה הָא׳ אֶת־פִּיהָ Nu 16:30 (P) (|| ארץ v 32), vid. v 31 Gn 4:11; of partic. place, spot א׳ קֹדֶשׁ Ex 3:5 especially as abode of man Ex 10:6 Dt 4:10, 40; 12:1 1 S 20:31 2 S 14:7; often פְּנֵי הָא׳ Gn 2:6; 4:14; 6:1, 7; 7:4, 23; 8:8, 13 Ex 32:12; 33:16 Nu 12:3 Dt 6:15; 7:6 (all J, D) 1 S 20:15 + 9 times 5. land, territory, country ( = ארץ Gn 47:19 (J) Lv 20:24 (J?—|| ארץ) cstr. bef. n.pr. א׳ מִצְרַיִם Gn 47:20, 26; א׳ יְהוּדָה Is 19:17; א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ez 11:17 + 16 times Ez; especially of land as promised or given by י׳ to his people = Canaan Gn 28:15 Ex 20:12 Nu 11:12; 32:11 (all J?) Dt 5:16 + 16 times Dt, Jos; 1 K 8:34, 40 +, Je 16:15; 24:10; 25:5; 35:15 Ez 28:25 2 Ch 6:25, 31; 7:20; 33:8; cf. also Dt 12:19; 21:23; 29:27 2 K 17:23 Is 6:11; 7:16; 14:1 +, Ez 34:13, 27 +, Ne 9:25 (א׳ שְׁמֵנָה),—in all c. 41 times + Jo 2:21 (personif.); א׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Zc 2:16 (cf. sub 4 supr. hence also as Yahweh’s land Dt 32:43 Is 14:2 Zc 9:16 2 Ch 7:20. † 6. whole earth, inhabited earth (seld.; cf. also פְּנֵי הָא׳ sub 4 supr.) Gn 12:3; 28:14 (both J cf. אֶרֶץ 18:18; 22:18; 26:4) Dt 14:2 Am 3:2 Is 24:21. † 7. n.pr.loc. city in Naphtali (as built cf. אָדָם 4? = ed-Dâme?) W. of L. Gennes. Jos 19:36 v. Di.

†אַדְמָה S GK n.pr.loc. city in Vale of Siddim Gn 10:19; 14:2, 8 Dt 29:22 Ho 11:8.

אֲדָמִי הַנֶּ֫קֶב S^, TWOT GK n.pr.loc. pass in Naphtali, Jos 19:33 v. נקב.

II. אדם TWOT^, (أَدُمَ, أَدِمَ (˒aduma, ˒adima), إِدَامٌ (˒idāmun) tawny, Ethiopic አደመ (˒addama) (only in derivatives), Assyrian adâmu? Dl; cf. Lag ²⁸).

†[אָדֹם S TWOT^, GK, אָדֵם S TWOT GK] vb. be red (on format. cf. Lag ^{83 120})—Qal Pf. 3 pl. אָֽדְמוּ ruddy, of Nazirites La 4:7; Pu. Pt. reddened, dyed red, מְאָדָּם Na 2:4 (of shield), מְאָדָּמִים of rams’ skins Ex 25:5; 26:14; 35:7, 23; 36:19; 39:34 (all P). Hithp. impf. redden, grow or look red, יִתְאַדָּ֑ם Pr 23:31 of wine); Hiph. impf. emit (show) redness (cf. Lag ¹²⁰) יַאְדִּימוּ כַתּוֹלָע Is 1:18 (of sins) i.e. be glaring, flagrant (cf. also v 15).

†אָדֹם S TWOT^, GK adj. red—א׳ Is 63:2 Zc 1:8 + Gn 25:30⁽⁾, v. infr.; אָדוֹם Ct 5:10; f. אֲדֻמָּה Nu 19:2, pl. אֲדֻמִּים 2 K 3:22 + 2 times;—ruddy, red, of man Ct 5:10; horse Zc 1:8⁽⁾ (|| שָׂרֹק cf. Assyrian Dl ⁸⁷ 6:2 (|| שָׁחֹר); heifer Nu 19:2; water 2 K 3:22 (א׳ כַּדָּם); cf. as subst. red, redness on garment Is 63:2, הָאָדֹם = the (red) lentils Gn 25:30⁽⁾, but read הָאֱדֹם v. infr.; cf. also מַעֲלֶה.

†אֹ֫דֶם S TWOT GK n.[f.] carnelian (from redness; G σάρδιον; on format. cf. Lag ¹⁴⁴) Ex 28:17; 39:10 (P) Ez 28:13.

†אֱדֹם S TWOT GK n.[m.] name of a condiment (Arabic إِدَامٌ (˒idāmun) v. Anderson in Di; cf. Assyrian adumatu? Dl) הָאֱ׳ Gn 25:30⁽⁾ (J; so read for הָאָ׳ MT; v. Di).

אֱדוֹם S TWOT GK (†אֱדֹם Ez 25:14) n.pr.m. 1. Edom (name of a god? v. Sta^{G.1, 121} RS ⁴³; vid. n.pr. עבדאדם; but Bae ¹⁰ thinks dial. var. of אָדָם, בני אדום = בְנֵי אָדָם) = Esau, elderson of Isaac Gn 25:30 (J) (where etym. = red, cf. v 25 (E?) & sub אַדְמוֹנִי) 36:1, 8, 19 (P). 2. coll. (m. but f. Mal 1:4) Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau Gn 36:9, 43 (P); also 1 S 14:47 + 31 times + 2 S 8:13 (for MT ארם; GS, v. 1 Ch 18:12 ψ 60:2, We Dr); perhaps also v 12 (GS 1 Ch 18:11; MT ארם but v. We Dr); also 2 Ch 20:2 (v. Be); א׳ = king of Edom Nu 20:18, 20, 21; poet. בְּנֵי א׳ ψ 137:7 בַּת א׳ La 4:21, 22. v. now F Buhl ^{Edomiter (1893)}. 3. land of Edom, Idumaea (f. Ez 32:29; 35:15 and 36:5) S. & SE. of Pal. Gn 36:32, 43 + 32 times (incl. שְׂדֵה א׳ Gn 32:4; אֶרֶץ א׳ Gn 36:16, 17, 21, 31 Nu 20:23 21:4 33:37 + );—uncertain whether 2 or 3 are Ex 15:15 Nu 20:14; 24:18 + 9 times (chiefly in מֶלֶךְ א׳ etc.)

†אֲדֹמִי adj.gent. Edomite Dt 23:8 1 S 21:8; 22:9, 18, 22 1 K 11:14 ψ 52:2; אֲדוֹמִים 2 Ch 25:14; 28:17; so 2 K 16:6 (Qr; Kt ארומים, v. ארם); אֲדֹמִיִּים 1 K 11:17; f. אֲדֹמִיּוֹת 1 K 11:1.

†אֲדַמִדָּם adj. reddish (cf. Assyrian ada(m)mumu? Dl) of leprous sores Lv 13:42 (־דָּ֑ם) v 49 (־דָ֗ם); f. אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת v 24, 43; ־דָ֑מֶת v 19; f. pl. אֲדַמְדַּמֹּת 14:37.

†אַדְמוֹנִי S^, TWOT GK adj. red, ruddy, of Esau as newborn babe Gn 25:25 (whence name Edom according to E? cf. Di); of youth 1 S 16:12; 17:42 (אַדְמֹנִי).

אֲדֻמִּים S GK n.pr.loc. v. מַעֲלֶה sub עלה.

†אַדְמָתָא S GK n.pr.m. a prince of Persia & Media Est 1:14 (cf. Pers. admâta, unrestrained).