אדן TWOT (meaning disputed; (1) cf. Assyrian [adannu] firm, strong; adv. adanniš, strongly, exceedingly Dl > (2) Fü (a)

make firm, fasten (cf. عدن (˓dn)) whence אֶדֶן; (b) determine, command, rule, whence אָדוֹן; (3) Thes Add., MV al. (a) intr. be under, low, inferior (cf. דּוּן, دان (d˒n)), whence אֶדֶן; (b) tr. put under command, rule over (cf. דִּין) whence אָדוֹן; v. also (4) Lag ^{i. 102}, אָדוֹן from ادى (˒dy)).

[אֶ֫דֶן S TWOT GK]₅₇ n.m. Ex 26:19 base, pedestal—אָדֶ֑ן Ex 38:27; pl. אֲדָנִים Ex 26:19 +; cstr. אַדְנֵי Ct 5:15 +, etc. 1. pedestals of fine gold, on wh. pillars of marble were set Ct 5:15. 2. pedestals of the earth on wh. its pillars were placed Jb 38:6 (|| corner-stone). 3. (metal) pedestals, bases, or sockets in wh. tenons of planks & pillars of tabernacle were set up; two for each plank & one for each pillar Ex 26:19⁽⁾ + 52 times in Ex 26.27.35–40 Nu 3.4 (all P); cf. G Sm Co for אָרְכּוֹ Ez 41:22, of altar.

אָדוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Mal 3:1 lord (Ph. אדן)—א׳ ψ 12:5 + cstr. אֲדוֹן Jos 3:11 +; pl. אֲדֹנִים Is 26:13 +; cstr. אֲדֹנֵי Dt 10:17 +; sf. אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1 S 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Mass. pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Pl., with few except an intens. pl. of rank; word takes sf. as pl. in all other pers.; so doubtless here. Orig. reading prob. in all cases אֲדֹנַי (v. Dalman^{Der Gottesname Adonaj}; Lag ¹⁸⁸ makes אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic format.); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 times; in E †Gn 31:35; 32:19; 42:10 Ex 21:5; in P †Gn 23:6, 11, 15 Nu 36:2⁽⁾ often S & K in Chr only in sources, 1 Ch 21:3⁽⁾, 23 ( = 2 S 24:3, 22) 2 Ch 2:13, 14; Is & Je only in hist. parts Is 36:8, 9, 12 Je 37:20; 38:9; elsewhere †Dn 1:10; 10:16, 17, 19; 12:8 Zc 1:9; 4:4, 5, 13; 6:4 ψ 110:1 Ju 4:18; 6:13 Ru 2:13; בִּי אֲדנָי †Ex 4:10, 13; Jos 7:8 (J) Ju 6:15; 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִי †Gn 43:20; 44:18 Nu 12:11 (J) 1 S 1:26; 25:24 ( + אני) 1 K 3:17, 26 to human superiors. There is doubt as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Gn 18:3; 19:18; אֲדֹ֯נַי 19:2)—† 1. sg. lord, master (1) ref. to men: (a) supt. of household, or of affairs Gn 45:8, 9 (E) = ψ 105:21; (b) master ψ 12:5; (c) king Je 22:18; 34:5; (2) ref. to God, הָאָדוֹן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (v. יהוה) Ex 23:17; 34:23 (Cov’t codes); אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Jos 3:11, 13 (J) ψ 97:5 Zc 4:14; 6:5 Mi 4:13; צְבָאוֹת הָא׳ י׳, earlier Is 1:24; 3:1; 10:33; 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Is 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scrib. error); הָא׳ Mal 3:1; אָדוֹן ψ 114:7. 2. pl. lords, kings Dt 10:17 = ψ 136:3; Is 26:13 masters Am 4:1, elsewhere intens. pl. of rank, lord, master, (1) ref. to men: (a) proprietor of hill Samaria †1 K 16:24; (b) master Gn 40:7 (E) Ex 21:4⁽⁾, 6, 8, 32 (Cov’t code) Gn 24:9 + (J, 11 times) Dt 23:16 Ju 19:11, 12 + 13 times S & K; Jb 3:19 ψ 123:2 Pr 25:13; 17:18; 30:10 Is 24:2 Zp 1:9 Mal 1:6⁽⁾ (c) husband Ju 19:26, 27 ψ 45:12; (d) prophet 2 K 2:3, 5, 16; (e) governor Ne 3:5; (f) prince Gn 42:10, 30, 33 (E) 44:8 (J) 1 S 29:10; (g) king Gn 40:1 (E) Ju 3:25 + 40 times S & K; Ch only in sources 1 Ch 12:19 cf. 1 S 29:4; 2 Ch 13:6; 18:16 = 1 K 22:17; Is 19:4; 22:18; 36:12; 37:4, 6 Je 27:4; (2) ref. to God Mal 1:6; אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Dt 10:17 = ψ 136:3; אֲדֹנֵינוּ ψ 135:5; 147:5 Ne 8:10; י׳אֲדֹנֵינוּ ψ 8:2, 10 Ne 10:30; אֲדֹנַיִךְ י׳ Is 51:22 (prob. = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Ho 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי). 3. sf. 1 s. אֲדֹנִי (אֲדֹנַי) (1) ref. to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Ex 21:5 (Cov’t code) Gn 24:12 +, 44:5 (J, 20 times) 1 S 30:13, 15 2 K 5:3, 20, 22; 6:15; (b) husband Gn 18:12 (J); (c) prophet 1 K 18:7, 13 2 K 2:19, 4:16, 28; 6:5; 8:5; (d) prince Gn 42:10 (E), 23:6, 11, 15 (P), 43:20; 44:18 +, 47:18, + (J, 12 times); Ju 4:18; (e) king 1 S 22:12 + (S & K 75 times); (f) father Gn 31:35 (E); (g) Moses Ex 32:22 Nu 11:28; 12:11; 32:25, 27 (J); 36:2⁽⁾ (P); (h) priest 1 S 1:15, 26⁽⁾; (i) theophanic angel Jos 5:14 Ju 6:13; (j) captain 2 S 11:11; (k) general recognition of superiority Gn 24:18; 32:5 +; 33:8 +; 44:7 + (J, 13 times), Ru 2:13 1 S 25:24 + (15 times); (2) ref. to God: אֲדֹנָי a. my Lord Gn 20:4 (?E) Ex 15:17 (Sam. יהוה) elsewhere in Hex, J; Gn 18:3(?), 27, 30, 31, 32; 19:2, 18(?) Ex 4:10, 13; 5:22; 34:9 Nu 14:17 Jos 7:8; also Ju 6:15; 13:8; not S; 1 K 22:6 2 K 19:23; not except memorials Ezr 10:3 (ref. to Ezra) Ne 1:11; 4:8; WisdLt only Jb 28:28 (doubtless scrib. error for יהוֹה of many MSS.); not Ho; Is 37:24; 38:16 (hist. part); exile Is 49:14 (cf. 51:22); Mi 1:2 ψ 16:2 + (47 times, chiefly this sense, except sub b.; cf. אֱלֹהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God ψ 35:23; (writers that use אֱלהִים seld. use אֲדֹנָי); b. Adonay n.pr. of God, parallel with Yahweh, substit. for it often by scrib. error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Is 3:17 + (19 times seeming to belong here), Am 7:7, 8; 9:1 Ez 18:25, 29; 33:17, 20; 21:12 (prob. אֲדֹנָי י׳ as in usual phrase); Zc 9:4 Mal 1:12, 14 La 1:14 + (14 times) ψ 2:4; 37:13; 78:65; 90:17 (? יהוה) 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these sub (a);—many cases are doubtful); 1 K 3:10, 15 (Mass. אדני for יהוה cf. Dalm. 2 K 7:6; Dalm. rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי ψ 38:16; 86:12, Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים Dn 9:3, א׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ 9:9, 15, א׳ הָאֵל Dn 9:4 favour taking א׳ Dn 1:2; 9:7, 8 (יהוה?) v 16, 17, 19⁽⁾ as the divine name. 4. אֲדֹנָי יהוה (a) my Lord Yahweh (v. יהוה) Gn 15:2, 8 (JE) Jos 7:7 (J, G om. י׳) Dt 3:24; 9:26 Ju 6:22; 16:28 2 S 7 (6times) 1 K 2:26; 8:53; prob. Am 3:7, 8; 7:2, 4, 5; 9:8 Je 1:6; 4:10; 14:13; 32:17, 25 Ez 4:14; 8:1; 9:8; 11:13; 20:39; 37:3 (יָדַע כִּי אֲני א׳ י׳) 13:9; 23:49; 24:24; 28:24; 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; del. אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read י׳ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם (Dalm.); Mi 1:2 Zp 1:7 Ob 1 Zc 9:14 ψ 71:5, 16; 73:28; (b) appar. n.pr. Adonay Yahweh Is 25:8 Je 44:26; exile Is 40:10 + (10 times, but 61:1, 11 read יהוה, G); (c) uncertain whether (a) or (b) in proph. formula אָמַר א׳ י׳ Is 7:7; 28:16; 30:15; 49:22; 52:4; 65:13 Je 7:20 Am 1:8; 3:11; 5:3; 7:6 Ob 1 Ez (131 times); נְאֻם א׳ י׳ Is 56:8 Je 2:22 Am 3:13; 4:5; 8:3, 9, 11 Ez (80 times); דְּבַר־א׳ י׳ Ez 6:3; 25:3; 36:4; נִשְׁבַּע א׳ י׳ Am 4:2; 6:8; כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א׳ י׳ Am 7:1, 4; 8:1. 5. יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord ψ 68:21; 109:21; 140:8; 141:8 Hb 3:19. 6. אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֹת (a) my Lord Yahweh Ṣ. (v. צבאות) ψ 69:7 Am 9:5 Is 10:23; 22:5, 12; 28:22 cf. י׳ אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֹת א׳, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Am 5:16; (b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh Ṣ. Je 46:10⁽⁾; 50:25; (c) uncertain are כֹּה אָמַר א׳ י׳ צ׳ Is 10:24; 22:14, 15; נְאֻם א׳ י׳ צ׳ Is 3:15 Je 2:19; 49:5; 50:31.

†אַדָּן S GK n.pr.loc. in Babylonia Ezr 2:59 (v. כְּרוּב n.pr.)

†אַדּוֹן S GK id. Ne 7:61.

†אֲדֹנִי־בֶ֫זֶק n.pr.m. (or title) king of Can. city Bezek Ju 1:7; without Maqq. v 5, 6 read prob. א׳־צֶ֫דֶק, v. GFM Ju 1:5.

†אֲדֹנִי־צֶ֫דֶק S GK n.pr.m. Canaan. king of Jerusalem Jos 10:1, 3 (Lord of righteousness; my Lord is righteous, or my Lord is Ṣidiq—divine name—cf. מַלְכִּי צֶדֶק, אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ, Ph. אדנבעל etc.)

אֲדֹנִיָּ֫הוּ S GK (אֲדֹיִּנָה) n.pr.m. (my Lord is Yahweh, cf. Ph. אדנאשמן, אדנבעל, אדנשמש etc., in Assyrian Aduniba˒al Schr ^{II, 172}) 1. fourth son of David 1 K 1:8 + 11 times, 2:13 + 5 times ( = אֲדֹנִיָּה 2 S 3:4 1 K 1:5, 7, 18; 2:28 1 Ch 3:2). 2. a Levite †2 Ch 17:8. 3. a chief of the people †Ne 10:17 ( = אֲדֹנִיקָם 7:18 Ezr 2:13 cf. 8:13).

†אֲדֹנִיקָם S GK n.pr.m. (my Lord has arisen) head of a family Ezr 2:13; 8:13 Ne 7:18 (אֲדֹנִיָּהוּ Ne 10:17).

†אֲדֹנִירָם S GK n.pr.m. (my Lord is exalted) official of Solom. 1 K 4:6; 5:28; so also 2 S 20:24 1 K 12:18 G We Dr.

†אֲדֹרָם S GK (contr. or corrupt, cf. foregoing) same official, under David 2 S 20:24, & Rehob. 1 K 12:18 ( = הֲדֹרָם 2 Ch 10:18).

†[אָדַר S TWOT GK] vb. (poet.) wide, great, (thence) high, noble (? Assyrian adâru Dl)—Niph. Pt. majestic, glorious, of י׳, נֶאְדָּר Ex 15:11; cstr. נֶאְדָּרִי v 6 (v. Di); Hiph. impf. יַאְדִּיר make glorious the teaching Is 42:21 (י׳ subj.)

†אֶ֫דֶר S TWOT GK n.[m.] 1. glory, magnificence (Assyrian aduru, adiru) ironic. of price of shepherd (symbol.) Zc 11:13 2. mantle, cloak (as wide) Mi 2:8 (|| שַׂלְמָה), but read אדרת (ת lost bef. foll. ת), so WRS^{Proph 247}.

†אֲדוֹרַ֫יִם S n.pr.loc. (two hills?) city in Judah 2 Ch 11:9 (cf. Ἀδωρα, Δωρα, Jos ^, ); now Dûra, W. of Hebron, Rob ^{II, 215}.

†אַדָּר S GK^, n.pr.m. (noble?). 1. son of Bela, grandson of Benjm. 1 Ch 8:3 (perhaps error—cf. Be—for אַרְדְּ q.v. Nu 26:40 Gn 46:21). 2. city in Judah Jos 15:3 (אַדָּ֫רָה); = חֲצַר אַדָּר (q.v.) Nu 34:4.

†אַדִּיר S TWOT GK adj. majestic—א׳ ψ 8:2 +; f. אַדֶּ֫רֶת Ez 17:8? (v. infr.) etc.— 1. majestic (wide, lofty) of waters of sea Ex 15:10 ψ 93:4; a ship Is 33:21; a tree Ez 17:23; a vine Ez 17:8 (גֶּפֶן אַדֶּרֶת, so Fü; or א׳ n. abstr. v. sub אַדֶּרֶת infr.); also fig. of kings ψ 136:18; nations Ez 32:18; gods 1 S 4:8; of י׳ ψ 93:4; 76:5; of name of י׳ ψ 8:2, 10. 2. subst. majestic one, of nobles, chieftains, etc., Ju 5:13, 25 Na 2:6, 3:18 Je 14:3; 25:34 (אַדִּירֵי הַצֹּאן fig. so) 35, 36; 30:21 Zc 11:2 2 Ch 23:20 Ne 3:5; 10:30; of י׳ Is 10:34; 33:21; of servants of י׳ ψ 16:3 ( = priests? cf. 1 Ch 24:5 & v. Che).

†אַדֶּ֫רֶת S TWOT GK n.f. glory, cloak—א׳ abs. Jos 7:24; אַדָּ֑רֶת Ez 17:8; cstr. Gn 25:25 + 4times; אַדַּרְתּוֹ 1 K 19:13 + 3 times; אַדַּרתָּם Zc 11:3— 1. glory, magnificence, of vine Ez 17:8 (so Thes MV, but < adj. f. from אַדִּיר q.v.), of shepherds Zc 11:3 (or sub 2). 2. mantle, cloak (wide garment) of hair שֵׂעָר Gn 25:25 Zc 13:4 (as proph. mantle, so perhaps 11:3 of shepherds = false proph.) cf. of Elijah 1 K 19:13, 19 2 K 2:8, 13, 14; but אַדֶּרֶת שִׁנְעָר טוֹבָה (fine mantle of Shinar = Babylonian mantle—doubtless costly) Jos 7:21, 24 (J) & (late) א׳ alone Jon 3:6.

†אֲדָר S^, TWOT GK n.pr.[m.] 12th (Babylonian) month = Mar.–Apr. (late Heb. loan-word, = Bab. A(d)-daru v. Dl ^{p. 188, Al3 93}, meaning dub. perhaps adâru, be darkened, eclipsed, but v. Dl ^{p. 190}) Est 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1, 15, 17, 19, 21; cf. Palm. Nab. אדר Vog⁸ Eut ²⁴.

†אַדְרַמֶּ֫לֶךְ S GK^, n.pr.m. (Adar is prince, Assyrian Adar-malik (?) v. KAT ²⁸⁴, cf. ABK¹⁴⁰; or A. is Counsellor, Decider, cf. Dl ^{52 f}; otherwise Sayce ⁷; on Bab. god Adar v. Schr ^{1880, 19 f} Dl ^{52 f}, but Sayce ^{151 f}; Jen;^{Ko 457 f} al. read Assyrian name Ninib; on Carth. יתנאדר v. Bae ⁵⁴) 1. a god of Sepharvaim 2 K 17:31. 2. parricidal son of Sennacherib 2 K 19:37 Is 37:38.

אֲדַרְכּוֹן v. דרכמון.

אֲדֹרָם S GK v. אדנירם sub אדון.

אֶדְרֶ֑עִי S GK v. דרע.

אדשׁ only inf. abs. אָדוֹשׁ v. דושׁ.

אָהֵב S TWOT GK₂₁₆ vb. love—Qal Pf. אָהֵ֑ב Gn 27:9 + 7times; אָהֵ֑ב Gn 27:14; אָהַב Gn 37:3 + 3 times; אֲהֵֽבְךָ Dt 15:16; 3 fs. אָֽהֲבָה Ct 1:7 +, etc.; impf. יֶאֱהַב (־הָ֑ב) Pr 3:12 +; 1 s. אֵהָ֑ב Pr 8:17 (cf. Ew ^{192 d} Ges ^68.1); וָֽאֹהַב֭ Mal 1:2; וָאֹהֲבֵהוּ Ho 11:1; אֹהֲבֵם Ho 14:5; וָאֹהֲבֵם ψ 119:167; 2 mpl. תְּאֵהֲבוּ Pr 1:22 (cf. Kö ^{p. 394} Ges ^{63 R. 2}); תֶּאֱהָ֑בוּ Zc 8:17; תֶּאֱהָבוּן ψ 4:3; Imv. אֱהַב־ Ho 3:1; אֱהָבֶהָ Pr 4:6; אֶהֱבוּ ψ 31:24 Am 5:15; אֱהָ֑בוּ Zc 8:19; inf. cstr. אֱהֹב Ec 3:8; אַהֲבָה Dt 10:12 +; אֲהֲבַת Mi 6:8 + etc.; cf. also sub n. אהבה infr.; Pt. אֹהֵב (אוֹהֵב) Dt 10:18 + 26 times; f. cstr. אֲהֻבַת Ho 3:1 is prob. active cf. Ba ^{174 ff}; sf. אֹהֲבִי Is 41:8 etc.; f. אֹהֶ֫בֶת Gn 25:28; אֹהַ֫בְתִּי Ho 10:11 etc.; Pt. pass. אָהוּב Ne 13:26; אֲהוּבָה Dt 21:15⁽⁾, 16.—love (mostly c. acc., sq. לִ + obj. Lv 19:18, 34 2 Ch 19:2 (late), sq. בְּ Ec 5:9; abs. Ec 3:8 & v. infr.), (affection both pure & impure, divine & human);— 1. human love to human object; abs., opp. hate שָׂנֵא Ec 3:8; of love to son Gn 22:2; 25:28; 37:3, 4; 44:20 (JE) Pr 13:24; so also 2 S 13:21 G Ew Th We, cf. Dr, of Dvd’s loving Amnon; never to parent, but mother-in-law Ru 4:15; of man’s love to woman; wife Gn 24:67; 29:20, 30 (cf. v 18) 32 (JE), also Dt 21:15⁽⁾, 16 Ju 14:16 1 S 1:5 2 Ch 11:21 Est 2:17 Ho 3:1 Ec 9:9; but also Gn 34:3 (J) Ju 16:4, 15 2 S 13:1, 4, 15 (where of carnal desire) 1 K 11:1 cf. v 2 Ho 3:1; א׳ רֵעַ loving a paramour, v. Ba ¹⁷⁶; woman’s love to man 1 S 18:20 (so v 28 MT, but read וְכִי כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֹהֵב אֹתוֹ G We Dr) Ct 1:3, 4, 7; 3:1, 2, 3, 4 (5 times subj. נַפְשִׁי; cf. also fig. of adulterous Judah Je 2:25 Is 57:8 Ez 16:37; of love of slave to master Ex 21:5 (JE) Dt 15:16; inferior to superior 1 S 18:22 cf. v 16; love to neighbour Lv 19:18 (וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעְךָ כָּמוֹ֑ךָ), partic. to stranger Lv 19:34 (both P), Dt 10:18, 19; love of friend to friend 1 S 16:21; 18:1, 3; 20:17⁽⁾ Jb 19:19 Pr 17:17 cf. 2 S 19:7⁽⁾ 2 Ch 19:2; v. also Pr 9:8; 16:13 cf. 15:12; v. especially Pt. infr. 2. less often of appetite, obj. food, Gn 27:4, 9, 14 (JE) Ho 3:1; drink Pr 21:17; husbandry 2 Ch 26:10; cf. fig. of Ephraim Ho 10:11 sq. inf.; length of life ψ 34:13; of cupidity Ho 9:1 Is 1:23 Ec 5:9⁽⁾; of love of sleep Pr 20:13 cf. fig. of sluggish watchmen (sq. inf.)Is 56:10; also c. obj. abstr. wisdom (personif.), knowledge, righteousness, etc. Pr 4:6; 8:17, 21; 12:1; 22:11; 29:3 Am 5:15 Mi 6:8 (inf. || infinitives) Zc 8:19 cf. Pr. 19:8 קֹנֶה לֵב אֹהֵב נַפְשׁוֹ; obj. folly, evil, etc., Mi 3:2 ψ 4:3; 11:5; 52:5, 6; 109:17 Pr 1:22; 8:36 17:19⁽⁾, cf. 18:21 Zc 8:17, w. כֵּן Je 5:3 Am 4:5†, sq. inf. Ho 12:8 Je 14:10, especially of idolatry Ho 4:18 (where del. הֵבוּ cf. Kö^{, p. 395}) Je 8:2. 3. love to God Ex 20:6 (JE) elsewhere Hex only Dt 5:10; 6:5; 7:9 + 9 times Dt + Jos 22:5; 23:11; also Ju 5:31 1 K 3:3 Ne 1:5 Dn 9:4 especially in (late) ψ 31:24; 97:10; 116:1; 145:20, but usually sq. name, law, etc. of י׳ ψ 5:12; 26:8; 40:17; 69:37; 70:5; 119:47 + 11 times ψ 119; cf. Is 56:6; cf. also of love to Jerusalem Is 66:10 ψ 122:6. 4. especially Pt. אֹהֵב = (a) lover, La 1:2 (fig. of Jerus.); (b) friend Hiram of David 1 K 5:15, cf. Je 20:4, 6 Est 5:10, 14; 6:13 ψ 38:12 (|| רֵעַ) so 88:19, & Pr 14:20; also 18:24; 27:6 Abr. of God Is 41:8 2 Ch 20:7. 5. of divine love (a) to individual men Dt 4:37 2 S 12:24 Pr 3:12; 15:9 ψ 146:8 Ne 13:26; (b) to people Israel, etc. Dt 7:8, 13; 23:6 Ho 3:1; 9:15 11:1; 14:5 1 K 10:9 2 Ch 2:10; 9:8 Is 43:4; 48:14 Je 31:3 Mal 1:2⁽⁾ ψ 47:5; to Jerusalem ψ 78:68; 87:2; (c) to righteousness, etc. ψ 11:7; 33:5; 37:28; 45:8; 99:4 Is 61:8 Mal 2:11. †Niph. Pt. pl. הַנֶּאֱהָבִים 2 S 1:23 lovely, loveable of Saul & Jonath. (|| הַנְּעִימִם). †Pi. Pt. pl. sf. מְאַהֲבַי (־בָ֑י) Ho 2:7 + 3 times; מְאַהֲבַיִךְ (־בָ֑יִךְ) Je 22:20 + 6 times; מְאַהֲבֶיהָ Ho 2:9 + 4 times 1. friends Zc 13:6; 2. lovers in fig. of adulter. Isr. Ho 2:7, 9, 12, 14, 15 Ez 23:5, 9; Judah Je 22:20, 22; 30:14 La 1:19 Ez 16:33, 36, 37; 23:22.

†[אַ֫הַב S TWOT GK] n.[m.] love only pl. אֲהָבִים, loves, amours; bad sense Ho 8:9, but אַיֶּלֶת א׳ loving hind Pr 5:19 (fig. of wife || יַעֲלַת הֵן).

†[אֹ֫הַב S TWOT GK] n.[m.] id. = loved object, sf. אָהֳבָם Ho 9:10 ( = בֹּשֶׁת = בַּעַל v. Hi Now) i.e. the idol worshipped; pl. = amours (carnal sense) Pr 7:18.

†אַהֲבָה S TWOT GK^, n.f. love (= Inf. of אהב q.v.)—abs. א׳ Pr 10:12 + 18 times; cstr. אַהֲבַת Je 2:2 + 3 times; sf. אַהֲבָתִי ψ 109:4, 5; אַהֲבָֽתְךָ 2 S 1:26; אַהֲבָתוֹ Is 63:9 Zp 3:17; אַהֲבָתָהּ Pr 5:19; אַהֲבָתָם Ec 9:6—love, especially WisdLt & late. 1. human (to human obj.) abs. Ec 9:1, 6 (both || שִׂנְאָה) so Pr 10:12; 15:17 cf. 27:5; v. also 17:9; of man toward man ψ 109:4, 5; love for one’s self (נַפְשׁוֹ) 1 S 20:17; between man & woman Ct 2:4, 5; 5:8; 8:6, 7⁽⁾; Pr 5:19 cf. also 2 S 1:26 (א׳ נָשִׁים); personif. Ct 2:7; 3:5; 7:7; 8:4; cf. fig. use 3:10; of mere sexual desire 2 S 13:15; fig. of Jerusalem’s love to י׳ Je 2:2 (א׳ כַּלוּלֹתַיִךְ), & of love of adulter. Jerus. v 33. 2. God’s love to his people Ho 11:4 (עֲבֹתוֹת א׳) Je 31:3 Is 63:9 Zp 3:17.

אהד (= אחד? v. Thes.)

†אֹ֫הַד S GK n.pr.m. son of Simeon Gn 46:10 Ex 6:15.

†אֵהוּד S GK n.pr.m. 1. a Benjamite, son of Gera, deliverer of Isr. from Moab Ju 3:15, 16, 20⁽⁾, 21, 23, 26; 4:1. 2. a Benjamite, son of Bilhan ( = foregoing?) 1 Ch 7:10.

†אֲהָהּ S TWOT GK (آهْ (˒āh), አህ (˒ah)) interj. alas! Ju 11:35 2 K 3:10; 6:5, 15; with ל Jo 1:15 אֲהָהּ לַיוֹם alas for the day! for etc. In the combination אֲהָהּ אֲדֹנָי יֱהוִֹה Jos 7:7 Ju 6:22 Je 1:6; 4:10; 14:13; 32:17; Ez 4:14; 9:8; 11:13; 21:5.

†אַהֲוָא S GK n.pr.loc. town or district in Babylonia, by which a stream is designated Ezr 8:15, also the stream v 21 (הנהר א׳), v 31 (נְהַר א׳).

†אֱהִי S TWOT GK Ho. 13:10, 14⁽⁾ adv. where? = אֵי, אַיֵּה. So G S B T AW in Ho 13:10, & G S (cf. 1 Cor 15:55) AW in Ho 13:14. Taken by many of the older interpreters, and even by Ges in 13:14, as 1 s. impf. apoc. of היה I would be: but this is less suited to the context, and the jussive form is an objection, being unusual with the 1 ps.

I. אהל S TWOT GK (settle down (?), Arabic أَهَلَ (˒ahala) be inhabited, cf. Assyrian âlu, settlement, city, ma˒âlu, ma˒âltu, bed; Dl & ¹⁰⁵ Nö ^{xi (1886), 154, 720} doubts אֹהֶל = أَهْلٌ (˒ahlun) = âlu; but أَهْل (˒ahl) = dwelling actually in vulg.Ar. ac. to So).

אֹ֫הֶל S^, TWOT GK^, ₃₄₃ n.m. Gn 13:3 tent (cf. Assyrian âlu, supr., Arabic أَهْلٌ (˒ahlun), fellow-dwellers, family, Sab. אהל DHM ^{1883, 341} al., also in n.pr. Sab. & Ph. v. אהליאב)—abs. א׳ Gn 4:20 +; cstr. id. Ex 28:43 +; אֹ֫הֱלָה (ה loc.) Gn 18:6 +; sf. אָהֳלִי Jb 29:4 +; אָֽהָלְךָ ψ 61:5; אָֽהֳלֹה Gn 9:21 + 3 times (v. Dr ^xxxv); pl. אֹהָלִים Gn 13:5 + (Ges ^23.3); בָֽאֳהָלִים Ju 8:11 +; cstr. אָהֳלֵי Nu 16:26 +; sf. אֹהָלַי Je 4:20; אֹהָלֶיךָ Nu 24:5 +; אָהֳלֵיכֶם Jos 22:8 +, etc.— 1. tent of nomad Ct 1:5 Je 6:3; 49:29; ישֵׁב א׳ dweller in tents Gn 4:20; 25:27 (J); אָהֳלֵי מִקְנֶה tents of cattle 2 Ch 14:14; of soldier 1 Sa 17:54 cf. Dr, Je 37:10; 1 K 12:16 ישׂראל לְאֹהֶלֶיךָ, exclam., to thy tents, Israel!, cf. 1 K 8:66 2 Ch 10:16 2 S 20:1 (but cf. Dr, 1 S 17:54); of pleasure-tent on house-top 2 S 16:22 ( = bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, cf. חֻפָּה ψ 19:5 Jo 2:16 v. RS^{Kinship 168}). 2. dwelling, habitation; ψ 91:10 בְּאֹהֳלֶ֑ךָ home (lit. in thy tent), pl. לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ Ju 19:9; א׳ בֵּיתִי habitation of my house ψ 132:3 cf. Dn 11:45; א׳ דוד habitat. or palace of David where throne erected Is 16:5; א׳ בַת צִיּוֹן h. of daughter of Zion ( = Jerusalem) La 2:4; אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב Je 30:18 Mal 2:12 (|| מִשְׁכָּן); א׳ יְהוּדָה Zc 12:7 (|| בית דוד); א׳ רְשָׁעִים h. of wicked Jb 8:22, cf. א׳ רֶשַׁע ψ 84:11, א׳ יְשָׁרִים Pr 14:11; א׳ שֹׁחַד Jb 15:34; א׳ צַדִּיקִים ψ 118:15; א׳ אֱדוֹם = Edom itself, ψ 83:7 cf. א׳ קְדָר ψ 120:5 א׳ כוּשָׁן Hb 3:7; cf. Is 54:2 ψ 69:26. 3. the sacred tent in worship of God; הָאֹהֶל the tent; א׳ מוֹעֵד tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Ges MV al.) According to E Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face, Ex 33:7–11 Nu 12:5, 10 Dt 31:14, 15; J seems to have same conception of an א׳ מ׳ outside the camp, Nu 11:24, 26; D has no allusion to such a tent; P mentions it 131 times as א׳ מ׳; 19 times as הָאֹהֶל (cf. Ez 41:1) & א׳ הָעֵדוּת, tent of the testimony Nu 9:15; 17:22, 23; 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the testimony) cf. 2 Ch 24:6; this tent sometimes confounded with the מִשְׁכָּן but distinguished in מִשְׁכַּן א׳מ׳ Ex 39:32; 40:2, 6, 29, cf. 1 Ch 6:17; הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהָאֹהֶל Nu 3:25; אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֶת־אָהֳלוֹ Ex 35:11; tent was of three layers of skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in form of a tent, covring & protecting the מִשְׁכָּן, wh. was in form of parallelopip. (Ex 26). An אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד was at Shilo 1 S 2:22 (om. G; v. Dr) cf. ψ 78:60, called א׳ יוֹסֵף v 67. The Mosaic א׳ מ׳ was later at Gibeon 2 Ch 1:3, 6, 13; courses of ministry arranged for service at א׳ מ׳ 1 Ch 6:17; 23:32 cf. 1 Ch 9:19 (הָא׳), v 21, 23 (בֵּית הָא׳); David erected an אֹהֶל for ark on Mt. Zion 2 S 6:17 1 Ch 15:1; 16:1; 2 Ch 1:4; Joab fled for refuge to א׳ יהוה 1 K 2:28–30; sacred oil brought from הָא׳ 1 K 1:39; the א׳ מוֹעֵד was taken up into temple 1 K 8:4 = 2 Ch 5:5; י׳ had not previously dwelt in a בַּיִת, but had gone מֵאֹהֶל אֶל־אֹהֶל from tent to tent, from one to another, 1 Ch 17:5, cf. 2 S 7:6; א׳ יהוה (|| בַּיִת & הַר קֹדֶשׁ) is refuge & dwelling-place of righteous, ψ 15:1; 27:5, 6; 61:5 (cf. ψ 90:1).

†[אָהַל S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb.denom. tent, move tent from place to place (cf. Assyrian â˒ilu(?) Dl ^{4 &} ) וַיֶּאֱהַל Gn 13:12, 18 (J), cf. ישֵׁב אֹהֶל (v. אֹהֶל); Pi. Impf. יַהֵל (contr. for יְאַהֵל) pitch one’s tent like nomad Is 13:20. †אֹהֶל n.pr.m. 1 Ch 3:20.

†אָהֳלָה S TWOT GK n.pr.f. Ohŏla (for אָהֳלָהּ she who has a tent, tent-woman, i.e. worshipper at tent-shrine, v. Sm) of Samaria, adulteress with Assyria Ez 23:4⁽⁾, 5, 36, 44.

†אָהֳלִיאָב S GK n.pr.m. Ohŏliab (Father’s tent, cf. Ph. אהלבעל, אהלמלך; Sab. אהלעתֿתר, אהלאל) chief assistant of Bezalel in construction of tabernacle, etc. Ex 31:6; 35:34; 36:1, 2; 38:23.

†אָהֳלִיבָה S TWOT GK n.pr.f. Ohŏliba (= אָהֳלִיבָהּ tent in her = (in meaning) אָהֳלָה cf. Sm) of Jerusalem as adulterous wife of י׳ Ez 23:4⁽⁾, 11, 22, 36, 44.

†אָהֳלִיבָמָה S GK n.pr. Ohŏlibama (tent of the high place) 1. f. wife of Esau Gn 36:2, 5, 14, 18, 25. 2. m. an Edomite chief Gn 36:41 1 Ch 1:52.

†II. [אָהַל S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb.Hiph. be clear,shine, Impf. 3 ms. יַאֲהִיל (subj. moon יָרֵחַ) Jb 25:5 (|| זַכּוּ subj. כוכבים, cf. also יִזְכֶּה v 4) (= יָהֵל, from הלל; (by text error?) cf. Di so G > = I. אָהַל Kö^{, 373}, after Ki).

†III. [אהל S TWOT GK] n.[m.] odorif. tree, aloe (?) (? loan-word from Skr. aguru, agaru, dial. aghil, cf. Wilson ^Dict.; M. Müller in Pusey ^{Dn 2d ed. p. 647 f.}; aloëxylon agallochum (cf. Sigismund^{Aromata, Leipz. 1884, p. 38 f}, MV cite Kondracki^{Beitr.z.Kenntn.d.Aloe, Dorpat 1874} & Baer^{Reden III, 293 f}); others aloë succotrina (Schenkel, cf. Di ad Nu 24:6); Wetzst in De^{Ct 2d ed. 167} brings under I. אהל; he proposes cardamum, Arabic هَيْل (hayl) from أُهَيْل (˒uhayl) = little tents, from three-cornered shape of capsules) 3. pl. אֲהָלִים trees planted by י׳ Nu 24:6 (|| ארזים) perhaps error for אֵילִים cf. Di. 4. aloes, as sweet-smelling; perfume for bed, אֲהָלִים Pr 7:17 (|| מֹר, קִנָּמוֹן); for garments אֲהָלוֹת ψ 45:9 (|| מֹר, קְצִיעוֹת); of bride, under fig. of odorif. tree Ct 4:14 (|| מֹר, כָּל־רָאשֵׁי בְשָׂמִים).

אַהֲרֹן₃₄₆ n.pr.m. Aaron, elder brother of Moses Ex 7:7; the priest Ex 31:10 +; mentioned Ex 4:14; 15:20; 17:10; 24:1; 28:29 + (115 times Ex); Lv 8:12, 23 + (80 times Lv); Nu 20:24f; 33:39 + (101 times Nu); 1 Ch 5:29 +; Mi 6:4 (only here in proph.) ψ 77:21; 105:26; called הַכֹּהֵן Ex 31:10; 35:19; 39:41 Lv 7:34 +, v. ψ 99:6 משֶׁה וא׳ בְּכֹהֲנָיו; also בּן־א׳ הַכֹּהֵן Ex 38:21 Nu 3:32 + (all P) called קְדוֹשׁ יהוה ψ 106:16; often named with his sons Lv 2:3, 10; 6:2 +; בְּנֵי א׳ in strict sense Ex 28:1, 4, 40 + often; בְּנֵי א׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים Lv 1:5 + Nu 3:3; 10:8 Jos 21:19 1 Ch 6:42; of temple-priests in gen’l, as descendants of A., 2 Ch 26:18; 29:21; 31:19; 35:14⁽⁾, v. also 13:9, 10 & cf. הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן־א׳ Ne 10:39; so בֵּית א׳ ψ 115:10, 12; 118:3; 135:19; אַהֲרֹן alone ( = בֵּית א׳) 1 Ch 12:27(28) cf. 27:17.

אוֹ S TWOT GK₃₂₀ (أَوْ (˒aw), ܐܰܘ (˒aw), አው (˒aw)), conj. or (whether aut or vel). 1. Gn 24:49; 31:43 Ex 4:11 Ct 2:9 Lv 13:24 Nu 5:30 + often (especially in laws); sometimes implying a preference, nearly = or rather Gn 24:55 יָמִים אוֹ עָשׂוֹר a few days or ten Ju 18:19 1 S 29:3. Prefixed to the first as well as to the second alternative (rare) either (whether) … or Lv 5:1; 13:48, 51; + or, if not Ez 21:15 (si vera l.) Ke Mal 2:17 Jb 16:3; 22:11. 2. introducing a sentence, especially a particular case under a general principle, or = or if Ex 21:31 אוֹ־בֵן יִגַּח וג׳ or if he gore a son, etc. v 36 Lv 4:23, 28 (v. Di) 5:21, 22; 25:49b; Nu 5:14 2 S 18:13 or if I had dealt falsely against his life, then, etc., Ez 14:17, 19 or if I send, etc. 3. if perchance, 1 S 20:10 if perchance thy father answer thee with something hard, Lv 26:41. 4. once, with the juss. (as in Arabic with the subjunct. v. Dr ¹⁷⁵ = except: Is 27:5 I would burn them together, אוֹ יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי or else let him take hold ( = except he take hold) of my strong-hold, etc.—אַו Pr 31:4 v. sub [אָוָה] on p. 16.

†אוּאֵל S GK n.pr.m. a Judæan (will of God, cf. I. אוה; or contr. from אֲבוּאֵל cf. אִיעֶזֶר?) Ezr 10:34.

אוב TWOT (meaning? Thes comp. Arabic آبَ (˒āba) return, whence Kö^{Off.-begr. ii 15 C} Sta ^{i.504; Bib. Theol. i. 186} Now ^{ii. 273} as rediens, “revenant”; but doubtful. أَيَّابٌ (˒ayyābun) water-carrier; but cf. Lag ⁹⁰). MV comp. אבב (with conjectural sense) to get meaning have a hollow sound. Deriv. and signif. totally uncertain).

אוֹב S TWOT GK^, n.m. Jb 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer, etc.—abs. א׳ Lv 20:27 + 8 times; pl. אֹבוֹת Lv 19:31 + 7 times— 1. skin-bottle, only pl. אֹבוֹת חֲדָשִׁים new (wine-) skins Jb 32:19. 2. necromancer, in phr. אוֹב אוֹיִדְּעֹנִי necrom. or wizard Lv 20:27 (H; usually tr. ‘a man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard’ RV; but better a man or a woman, if there should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no suff. reason for exceptional use of phrase here); א׳ וְיִדְּעֹנִי Dt 18:11 2 Ch 33:6 = 2 K 21:6 (where א׳ וידענים); הָאֹבוֹת וְהַיִּדְּעֹנִים Lv 19:31; 20:6 (H) 1 S 28:3, 9 2 K 23:24 Is 8:19 (where repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction, prob. ventriloquism, & so G) 19:3. 3. ghost, Is 29:4 וְהָיָה כְּאוֹב מֵאֶרֶץ קוֹלֵךְ וּמֵעָפָר אִמְרָתֵךְ תְּצַפְצֵף and thy voice shall be as a ghost from the ground and from the dust thy speech shall chirp (so Ge MV Ew De Che al., but chirping might be of necromancer, as 8:19). 4. necromancy אֵשֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־אוֹב a woman who was mistress of necromancy 1 S 28:7⁽⁾; (< RS ^{xiv, 127 f} makes אוֹב primarily a subterranean spirit, and signif. 2 only an abbrev. of בעלתא׳ etc.); קסם בָּאוֹב divine by necromancy 1 S 28:8, which seems to be interpr. of 1 Ch 10:13 שׁאל בא׳ inquire by necromancy. (In these three exx. אוֹב is usually interpreted as ghost or familiar spirit conceived as dwelling in necromancer; but this apparently not the ancient conception.)

†אֹבֹת S GK n.pr.loc. (water-skins) station of Isr. in wildern. Nu 21:10, 11; 33:43, 44; not yet determ., prob. on eastern skirts of Idumæ not far from Moab; according to Wetzst in De Ct 168 Wêba, وَيْبَة (waybat) in the Arabah, but identif. not prob.; cf. Di on Nu 21:10.

אוד TWOT (be curved, bent, also trans. burden, oppress, cf. Arabic أَوِدَ (˒awida)).

†אוּד S TWOT GK n.m. brand, fire-brand (orig. perhaps bent stick used to stir fire) א׳ מֻצָּל מִשְּׂרֵפָה Am 4:11 = א׳ מ׳ מֵאֵשׁ Zc 3:2, pl. זַנְבוֹת הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Is 7:4, stumps of smoking firebrands.

†[אוֹדָה S TWOT GK] n.f. cause (perhaps orig. circumstance, cf. Sab. אוד enclosing wall)—only pl. אוֹדֹת Gn 21:11 +; אֹדוֹת Nu 12:1 +; (8 times + 2 S 13:16 vid.infra); אֹדוֹתַי Jos 14:6; אֹדוֹתֶיךָ ib.;—cause, always with על, & cstr., except Je 3:8, where sq. אֲשֶׁר; עַל־א׳ because of Gn 21:11, 25 Ex 18:8 Nu 12:1; 13:24 Ju 6:7 Je 3:8 ( + כָּל־); = concerning (on occasion of) Gn 26:32 Jos 14:6⁽⁾; in 2 S 13:16 read, for אל־אֹדוֹת, אַל אָחִי כִּי GL It. We Dr.

†אֵיד S TWOT GK n.m. Jb 18:12 distress, calamity (under wh. one bends, cf. Arabic آىِٔدٌ (˒ā˒idun) burdening)—א׳ Jb 21:30 +; cstr. id. Jb 31:23 +; אֵידֵי 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 etc.;—distress, calamity (poet. chiefly WisdLt & late); Pr 17:5; 27:10. 1. national calam. of Isr. (apostate) Je 18:17 Ez 35:5 Ob 13⁽⁾; of Egypt Je 46:21; Moab 48:16; Edom (א׳ עֵשָׂו) 49:8; Hazor v 32. 2. of righteous sufferer 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 cf. א׳ אֵל i.e. from God Jb 31:23 & אָרְחוֹת אֵידָם 30:12 their calamitous paths (sf. ref. to bereavement, pain, etc.) 3. often of wicked Jb 18:12; 21:17; 31:3 Pr 1:26, 27 (wisd. mocks at; || פַּחַד) 6:15; 24:22; also יוֹם א׳ Dt 32:35 Jb 21:30 (cf. supr. 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19 Pr 27:10 Je 18:17; 46:21 Ob⁽⁾ where || יוֹם אֹבֶד יוֹם צָרָה v 12, 14, cf. יוֹם יהוה v 15). Bev ^{xxvi. 302} der. from Arabic آدَ (˒āda) be strong [also oppress, burden], whence إِيَاد (˒iyād) (or أَوَى (˒awā)) calamity.

†אֵד S TWOT GK n.m. mist (deriv. dub.; Arabic آدَ (˒āda) = be strong; مُؤْيِدٌ (mu˒yidun) that which affords protection, shade; otherwise Dl ¹²⁵) Gn 2:6; אֵדוֹ Jb 36:27. Arabic derivation very dub.; Dl ^{125, WB 22} KS 2:4 Hpt^{JAOS 1896, 158 ff.} Gunk Gn 2:6 Holz Gn 2:6 Buhl cp. Assyrian edu, flood, mass of waters (√ אדה), editu, overflow (for irrigation); G S B Aq in Gn 2:6 have spring, T cloud, so G T Jb 36:27; add perhaps Jb 36:30 אֵדוֹ for אוֹרוֹ (Du Dr).

I. אוה TWOT^, 1. Arabic مُؤْيَدٌ (mu˒yadun) betake oneself to a place for dwelling, etc.; 2. id., be tenderly inclined.

†i. אִי S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.m. Is 20:6 (†f. Is. 23:2) coast, region (contr. from אֱוִי so Ol ^{152 b}; place whither one betakes oneself for resting, etc., orig. from mariner’s standpoint)—אִי abs. Is 20:6 +; cstr. Je 47:4; (Jb 22:30 v. sub IV. אִי cf. Di) pl. אִיִּים ψ 72:10 +; אִיִּן Ez 26:18 (Co איים) אִיֵּי Gn 10:5 +;—coast, border region (mostly late), of Philistia & Phoenicia with adjacent country Is 20:6; 23:2, 6; so of Caphtor ( = Crete) Je 47:4; מַלְכֵי הָאִי אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵבֶר הַיָּם Je 25:22; elsewhere pl., coasts of Kittim Je 2:10 Ez 27:6, of Elishah v 7; different countries (on or in sea) v 3, 15, 35; 26:15, 18⁽⁾ (last del. Co cf. G) cf. 39:6, so also אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם Gn 10:5 (P); partic. אִיֵּי הַיָּם = coast-lands & islands Is 11:11; 24:15, || הָאָרֶץ Est 10:1; v. (without הַיָּם) Dn 11:18, & ψ 72:10, so often Is 2 incl. inhabitants, 41:1, 5; 42:4, 10 (אִיִּים וְישְׁבֵיהֶם || הַיָּם וּמְלֹאוֹ) v 12; 49:1; 51:5; 59:18; 60:9; 66:19 cf. Je 31:10 ψ 97:1, Zp 2:11 (אִיֵּי הַגּוֹיִם); islands, distinctly (taken up by י׳ as little things) Is 40:15; coasts, banks, i.e. habitable lands Is 42:15 (|| נְהָרוֹת).

†אִיתָמָר S GK n.pr.m. ((is) land of palms? Thes) youngest (4th) son of Aaron Ex 6:23; 28:1; 38:21 Lv 10:6, 12, 16 Nu 3:2, 4; 4:28, 33; 7:8; 26:60 (all P) 1 Ch 5:29; 24:1, 2, 3, 4⁽⁾, 5, 6 Ezr 8:2.

I. †[אָוָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. incline, desire (cf. Stem 2). Pi. Pf. אִוָּה ψ 132:13; אִוְּתָה Mi 7:1 +, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּאַוֶּה Dt 12:20 + 4 times—desire subj. usually נֶפֶשׁ, obj. fruit Mi 7:1 (in metaph.); flesh (to eat) 1 S 2:16, cf. Dt 12:20 (sq. inf. לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר); food & drink Dt 14:26; of king desiring rule, וּמָלַכְתָּ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ 2 S 3:21 1 K 11:37; obj. evil (רַע) Pr 21:10; once obj. י׳ Is 26:9 נַפְשִׁי אִוִּיתִךָ בַּלַּיְלָה; of God וְנַפְשׁוֹ אִוְּתָה וַיַּעַשׂ Jb 23:13; as desiring Zion for dwelling-place (late, only cases without נפשׁ) ψ 132:13, 14; Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַוָּה Pr 21:26; הִתְאַוֵּיתִי Je 17:16; הִתְאַוּוּ Nu 11:4; וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם Nu 34:10; Impf. יִתְאַוֶּה Ec 6:2; וַיִּתְאַוֶּה 2 S 23:15; apoc. וְיִתְאַו ψ 45:12, וַיִּתְאַו 1 Ch 11:17, etc.—Pt. fs. מִתְאַוָּה Pr 13:4; mpl. מִתְאַוִּים; Am 5:18 Nu 11:34—desire, long for, lust after, of bodily appetites; for dainty food Nu 11:4 (E; sq. acc. cogn.) = ψ 106:14, Nu 11:34 (E); sq. ל Pr 23:3, 6 cf. Ec 6:2 (sq. acc.), v. also Pr 13:4 (abs., subj. נֶפֶשׁ); abs. of extreme thirst 2 S 23:15 = 1 Ch 11:17; of king desiring the beauty (יֳפִי) of princess ψ 45:12 (sq. acc.); of covetous man Pr 21:26 (sq. acc. cogn.); obj. בֵּית רֵעֲךָ Dt 5:18 (|| חמד); sq. inf. Pr 24:1 (of desiring evil companionship); obj. יוֹם י׳ Am 5:18 (acc.; of presumptuous, reckless longing) cf. Je 17:16. (Nu 34:7, 8 for תְּתָאוּ—Pi. of תאה—Di proposes תִּתְאַוֻּ, & queries whether this & הִתְאַוִּיתֶם v 10 are not from אוה, = desire for yourselves.)

[אַו S TWOT^, GK] n.m. cstr. אוֹ, Kt Pr 31:4 desire, so Thes MV; but < Qr אֵי q.v.

†[אַוָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. desire—cstr. אַוַּת Dt 12:15 + 5 times; sf. אַוָּתִי Ho 10:10—desire, will, usually sq. נֶפֶשׁ; of natural human desire (morally indiff.), for meat Dt 12:15, 20, 21; of longing for sanctuary 18:6; of royal good pleasure 1 S 23:20; without נֶפֶשׁ, of wild-ass Je 2:24; of divine will Ho 10:10.

†אֱוִי S GK n.pr.m. (desire?) one of five chiefs of Midian Nu 31:8 Jos 13:21.

†[מַאֲוַי S TWOT GK] n.[m.] desire pl. cstr. מַאֲוַיֵּי רָשָׁע ψ 140:9.

I. †תַּאֲוָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. desire—abs. Gn 3:6 +; cstr. תַּאֲוַת ψ 10:3 + etc.;— 1. desire, wish Pr 13:12, 19; 18:1; of physical appetite, longing for dainty food מַאֲכַל ת׳ Jb 33:20; distinctly good sense ψ 10:17; 38:10 Pr 11:23, 19:22 (? cf. infr.) Is 26:8 (לְשִׁמְךָ וּלְזִכְרְךָ ת׳־נָ֑פֶשׁ); bad sense, lust, appetite, covetousness ψ 10:3 (ת׳ נַפְשׁוֹ) 112:10; Pr 21:25, 26 (as acc. cogn.); particularly of longing for dainties of Egypt Nu 11:4 ψ 106:14 (both acc. cogn.) 78:30 & in n.pr. given to place where it occurred קִבְרוֹת הַתַּאֲוָה (q.v.) Nu 11:34, 35; 33:16, 17 Dt 9:22. 2. thing desired, in good sense Pr 10:24 so ת׳ לִבּוֹ ψ 21:3; bad sense ψ 78:29; thing desirable (to senses) Gn 3:6 (ת׳ לְעֵינַיִם); perhaps also Pr 19:22 the ornament of a man is his kindness (Ra Ki, etc. but cf. supr.)

†II. [אָוָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. sign, mark, describe with a mark (so Ges (who compares תאה, תוה) Dl ^{116 (not )}) only Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַוִּיתֶם לָכֶם mark you out, measure, Nu 34:10 (P), so Vrss (cf. תְּתָאוּ לָכֶם v 7, 8; v. however Di, & sub I. אוה).—V. also [תָּאַר] on p. 1061.

אוֹת S TWOT GK n.m.₇₉ Ex 4:8 (f. Jos 24:17) sign (Arabic آيَة (˒āyat), pl. آىٌ (˒āyun), Aramaic אָתָא, ܐܳܬܳܐ (˒oto))—א׳ Gn 4:15 +; cstr. 9:12 +; pl. אוֹתוֹת Ex 4:9 + etc.— 1. sign, pledge, token Gn 4:15 (J); אוֹת אֱמֶת true token Jos 2:12 (J); of blood of passover Ex 12:13 (P); אוֹת לְטוֹבָה token for good ψ 86:17; pledges, assurances of travellers Jb 21:29. 2. signs, omens promised by prophets as pledges of certain predicted events 1 S 10:7, 9 + v 1 where א׳ ins. G B, vid. We Dr; especially phr. זֶה הָאוֹת לְ Ex 3:12 1 S 2:34; 14:10 2 K 19:29 Je 44:29 Is 7:11, 14; prob. also Is 44:25 (of false proph.). 3. sign, symbol of prophets Is 8:18 cf. Ez 4:3. 4. signs, miracles, as pledges or attestations of divine presence & interposition Ex 4:8⁽⁾, 9 (J) 7:3 (P) 8:19 (J) ψ 65:9; 74:9 2 K 19:29; 20:8, 9 = Is 37:30; 38:7, 22; c. עָשָׂה Ex 4:17, 30 Nu 14:11, 22 Jos 24:17 (all JE) Dt 11:3 Ju 6:17; c. צִוָּה Ex 4:28 (J); c. שִׁית 10:1 (J); c. שִׂים Ex 10:2 (J) ψ 78:43 Is 66:19; הָאוֹת וְהַמּוֹפֵת (v. מוֹפֵת Dt 13:3 cf. 28:46 Is 20:3; א׳ אוֹ מ׳ Dt 13:2; אוֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים Dt 4:34; 7:19; 26:8; 29:2 Je 32:21; c. נָתַן Dt 6:22 Ne 9:10; c. שׂים Je 32:20 ψ 105:27; c. שָׁלַח Dt 34:11 ψ 135:9. 5. signs, memorials, stones from Jordan Jos 4:6 (J); metal of censers Nu 17:3 (P); Aaron’s rod Nu 17:25 (P); א׳ עוֹלָם Is 55:13 prob. also Ez 14:8 (|| מָשָׁל); signs on hands, etc., Ex 13:9, 16 (J) = Dt 6:8; 11:18, prob. belong here; also memorial pillar in Egypt Is 19:20. 6. sign, pledge of covenant, א׳ הַבְּרִית (v. ברית) e.g. rainbow, of Noachian covenant Gn 9:12, 13, 17 (P); circumcision, of Abrahamic covenant Gn 17:11 (P); the sabbath Ex 31:13, 17 (P) Ez 20:12, 20. 7. ensigns, standards Nu 2:2 (P) ψ 74:4. 8. signs, tokens of changes of weather & times Gn 1:14 (P; of heavenly luminaries) אוֹתוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם Je 10:2 (changes of the heavens as omens to frighten the nations) cf. ψ 65:9.

†אוּזַי S GK n.pr.m. a Judæan, Ne 3:25.

†אוֹי S TWOT GK interj. (onomatop.; cf. ܐܽܘܝ, ܘܳܝ (˒uy, woy)) woe! an impassioned expression of grief and despair: usually with dative אוֹי לִי Is 6:5 woe to me! for I am undone, so 24:16 Je 10:19; 15:10; אוֹי לָנוּ woe to us! 1 S 4:7, 8 Je 4:13; 6:4; אוֹי־נָא לִי Je 4:31; 45:3; אוֹי־נָא לָנוּ La 5:16. With the 2nd or 3rd ps. often implying a denunciation; אוֹי־לְךָ מוֹאָב Nu 21:29 ( = Je 48:46) Je 13:27 Ez 16:23 repeated אוֹי אוֹי לָךְ; Is. 3:9 אוֹי לְנַפְשָׁם v 11 Ho 7:13 (|| שֹׁד לָהֶם) 9:12. With a voc. (or implicit accus.) Ez 24:6, 9 אוֹי עִיר הַדָּמִים; absol. Nu 24:23. Used as a subst. Pr 23:29 לִמִי אוֹי (|| לְמִי אֲבוֹי).

†אוֹיָה S GK = אוֹי ψ 120:5 אוֹ֣יָה לִּ֖י.

II. אוה TWOT^, (to cry אוֹי, howl cf. Arabic آهَ (˒āha), to cry آهِ (˒āhi) to be assumed prob. as source of two foll. words).

†ii. [אִי S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} ] n.m. jackal (howler, for אָוִי v. Ba ¹⁸⁸, cf. Arabic اِبْنُ آوَى (˒ibnu ˒āwā), whence ܒܢܳܬ ܐܰܘܰܝ (bnot ˒away))—pl. אִיִּים, Is 13:22; 34:14 Je 50:39 (inhabitant of desert, ruin).

†i. אַיָּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. hawk, falcon, kite (perhaps from cry; cf. Arabic يُؤْيُؤ (yu˒yu˒), a kind of hawk) Lv 11:14 Dt 14:13 generic, cf. לְמִינָהּ & Di; Jb 28:7 (keen-sighted).

†ii. אַיָּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. (falcon) 1. a Horite Gn 36:24 1 Ch 1:40. 2. father of Rizpah 2 S 3:7; 21:8, 10, 11.

†אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ S GK n.pr.m. (Bab. Avêl (Amêl) Maruduk, man of Merodach) son & successor of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, b.c. 562–60, 2 K 25:27 (v. COT) = Je 52:31.

I. אול TWOT^, (be foolish, cf. יאל, & Arabic آلَ (˒āla) grow thick (of fluids)).

אֱוִיל S^, TWOT^, GK^, ₂₆ adj. foolish—א׳ Jb 5:2 +; pl. אֱוִילִים ψ 107:17 +, etc.;—foolish, Pr 29:9 (אִישׁ א׳) Ho 9:7 (pred. of prophet); cf. Is 35:8, elsewhere n.m. fool (always morally bad), who despises wisdom & discipline Pr 1:7; 15:5; mocks at guilt 14:9; is quarrelsome 20:3; licentious 7:22; it is folly & useless to instruct him 16:22; 27:22 (19 times Pr); cf. also Je 4:22 Jb 5:2, 3 Is 19:11 ψ 107:17.

†אֱוִלִי S TWOT GK adj. id. Zc 11:15.

אִוֶּ֫לֶת S TWOT GK₂₅ n.f. folly.—abs. Pr 12:23 +; cstr. 14:8 +; sf. אִוַּלְתִּי ψ 38:6, etc.;—folly, special product of כְּסִילִים (v. כֶּסֶל) Pr 12:23 + (12 times); c. פְּתָאִים Pr 14:18; c. אֱוִלִים only 16:22; 27:22 (cf. 14:24) for alliteration. It is bound up in mind of boy, to be removed only by rod of discipline Pr 22:15; א׳ personif. tears down house built by חַכְמוֹת נָשִׁים Pr 14:1; it is contrasted with תְּבוּנָה Pr 14:29; 15:21.

II. אול TWOT^, , איל (be in front of, precede, lead; v. Thes Nö ^{1880, 774; 1882, 1175}, who comp. Arabic أَوَّلُ (˒awwalu) for آوَلُ (˒āwalu), Targ. אוולא; cf. Sab. אול DHM ^{33. 34}; v. on the other hand Lag ^{ii. p. 3; i. p. 100} & sub I. אלה infr. Arabic أَوَّلُ (˒awwalu), etc., from وَأَلَ (wa˒ala), v. Lane.)

†i. [אוּל S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] n.[m.] body, belly; sf. אוּלָם (in contempt) ψ 73:4 (lit. their front, prominent part).

†ii. [אוּל S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] n.[m.] leading man, noble; pl. cstr. אוּלֵי הָאָרֶץ 2 K 24:15 Kt (Qr אֵילֵי v. iii. [איל]).

†i. אוּלָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. 1 K 7:8 porch (cf. אֵילָם)—א׳ abs. 1 K 6:3 +; אֻלָם Ez 40:48, 49; cstr. אוּלָם 1 K 7:6 +; אֻלָם Ez 40:7 + (margin אֻלָּם 1 K 7:7, 12, 21); pl. cstr. אֻלַמֵּי Ez 41:15 (Co sg. c. sf.; in Ez Co reads everywhere אילם vid. אֵילָם infr.)—porch (only K Ch Ez & Jo). 1. in Solomon’s temple 1 K 7:19 2 Ch 29:7, א׳ יהוה v 17; 8:12 (altar in front of); א׳ יהוה 15:8 (id.), cf. בֵּין הָאוּלָם וּבֵין הַמִּוְבֵּחַ Ez 8:16 & Jo 2:17; א׳ הַהֵיכָל 1 K 7:21; א׳ הַבַּיִת v 12; תַּבְנִית הָא׳ 1 Ch 28:11. 2. in Sol.’s palace 1 K 7:8⁽⁾; א׳ הָעַמּוּדִים 1 K 7:6 cf. v 6; א׳ הַכִּסֵּא 7:7 = א׳ הַמִּשְׁפָּט v 7. 3. in temple of Ezek.’s vision, partic. א׳ הַשַּׁעַר; Ez 40:7, 8, (del. Co vid. G S B) 9⁽⁾, 15, 39, 40; 44:3; 46:2, 8; א׳ הַבַּיִת 40:48 cf. v 48, 49; 41:25, 26; אֻלַמֵּי הֶחָצֵר Ez 41:15 Co sg. ואילמו החיצון v. אֵילָם.—(iii. אוּלָם, adv., v. p. 19.)

ii. אוּלָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. only geneal. 1. 1 Ch 7:16, 17. 2. 1 Ch 8:39, 40.

i. אַ֫יִל S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} ₁₅₆ n.m. Gn 22:13 ram (as leader of flock, NHeb. & Aramaic id., Assyrian ailu Dl, Ph. איל, = אַיִל rather than אַיָּל, cf. CIS^{i. p. 231})—אַיִל (אָ֑יִל) Gn 15:9 +; cstr. אֵיל Ex 29:22 +; pl. אֵילִים, (אֵילִם, אֵלִים) Gn 32:15 +; cstr. אֵילֵי Gn 31:38 Is 60:7.—ram, 1. used as food Gn 31:38 (E) Dt 32:14 (cf. ram of sacrifice, infr. e.g. Ex 29:32 cf. Lv 8:31); as yielding wool 2 K 3:4; as tribute 2 Ch 17:11; as merchandise Ez 27:21; as gift Gn 32:15 (E); in sim. of leaping, skipping ψ 114:4 (הֶהָרִים רָקְדוּ כְּא׳) v 6; in Dn.’s vision, ram with two horns symbol. kings of Media and Persia Dn 8:3, 4, 6, 7⁽⁾, 20; fig. of rich and powerful in Isr. Ez 34:17. 2. slain in ceremony of ratification of covenant betw. י׳ & Abr. Gn 15:9 (J); in Abr.’s sacrif. Gn 22:13⁽⁾ (E); Balaam’s sacrif. Nu 23:1 + 5 times Nu 23 (JE); so in ritual (P), (a) in consecration ceremony of Aaron & his sons Ex 29:1 + 15 times Ex 29 (א׳ מִלֻּאִים v 22 cf. v 26, 27, 31) Lv 8:2 + 8 times Lv 8 (א׳ הַמִּלֻּאִים v 22, 29 א׳ הָעֹלָה v 18); (b) in guilt-offering (אָשָׁם) Lv 5:15, 16, 18, 25; 19:21, 22 cf. Ezr 10:19 & א׳ הַכִּפֻּרִים Nu 5:8; (c) burnt-offering (עֹלָה) Lv 9:2 & Nu 15:6, 11 & Ez 46:4, 5, 6, 7, 11, on day of atonement Lv 16:3, 5, Pentecost 23:18; (d) peace-offering (שְׁלָמִים) Lv 9:4, 18, 19; beginning of month Nu 28:11, 12, 14 cf. 29:2, 3; passover 28:19, 20 cf. Ez 45:23, 24; day of firstfruits Nu 28:27, 28; in 7th month 29:8 + 18 times Nu 29; (e) in law of Nazarite Nu 6:14, 17, 19; (f) in consecration of altar of tabernacle Nu 7:15 + 25 times Nu 7, cf. consecr. of Ezek.’s temple-altar Ez 43:23, 25; (g) more generally 1 S 15:22 Is 1:11 Mi 6:7 Jb 42:8 ψ 66:15, also Is 34:6; 60:7; at bringing ark to Jerus. 1 Ch 15:26; other occasions 29:21 2 Ch 13:9; 29:21, 22, 32 Ezr 8:35; cf. fig. Je 51:40 Ez 39:18. 3. עֹרֹת אֵילִים מְאָדָּמִים rams’ skins dyed red, of covering of tabernacle Ex 25:5; 26:14 35:7, 23; 36:19 cf. 39:34 (all P).

ii. אַ֫יִל S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} n.[m.] projecting pillar or pilaster—א׳ abs. 1 K 6:31 (but v. infr.) cstr. id. Ez 40:14 (but del. Co) 16 (Co better אֵילָיו); אֵיל 41:3, אֵל 40:48; pl. אֵילִים 40:14 +; אֵילִם 40:10; sf. אילו Kt 40:9 + 7 times; אלו Kt 40:29 + 2 times Qr (in all) אֵילָיו, אֵלָיו; אֵלֵיהֵמָֿה 40:16;—pilaster or projection in wall at each side of entrance (cf. Bö^{, 302; 927}), in Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:31 (Bö ⁵²⁵ reads אֵילָם), in Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:9, 10 + 14 times Ez 40.41 + 40:14a Ew Hi Co אילם cf. GB; 40:38 read אילם so Sm Co cf. G; 40:14b Co del. א׳.

†iii. [אַ֫יִל S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} ?] n.m. leader, chief (= ram, as leader of flock? cf. Di Ex 15:15 Ol ^{142 f} Lag ¹⁷⁰ & v. Ez 34:17)—cstr. אֵל Ez 31:11; pl. cstr. אֵילֵי Ex 15:15 Ez 17:13 + 2 K 24:15 Qr (Kt אולי v. אוּל); אֵלֵי Ez 32:21 (del. Co, v. G).—leader, chief א׳ מוֹאָב Ex 15:15; א׳ הָאָרֶץ Ez 17:13 2 K 24:15 Qr; א׳ גּוֹיִם Ez 31:11 (אֵלִים Jb 41:17 v. sub i. -אלה; perhaps אֵלֵיהֶם Ez 31:14 but cf. infr. iv. איל & also אֶל Note 1).

†iv. [אַ֫יִל S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} ?] n.m. terebinth (prob. as prominent, lofty tree, v. Di Gn 12:6; 14:6)—cstr. אֵיל only n.pr. אֵיל פָּארָן vid. infr.; pl. אֵילִים Is 1:29; אֵלִים Is 57:5 cstr. אֵילֵי Is 61:3; sf. אֵלֵיהֶם Ez 31:14 (> del. Co vid. B A).—terebinth (cf. אֵלָה); as marking idol-shrines Is 1:29; 57:5 (so Che Di etc. > gods); fig. of ransomed ones of Zion אֵילֵי הַצֶּדֶק; 61:3; perhaps of haughty ones Ez 31:14.

†אֵיל פָּארָן S GK n.pr.loc. (terebinth (or palm? v. Di) of Paran) town & harbour at head of Ælanitic Gulf Gn 14:6 (v. Di); = אֵלָה 36:41; אֵילַת Dt 2:8 2 K 14:22; 16:6; אֵילוֹת 1 K 9:26 2 K 16:6; close to Ezion Geber (v. עֶצְיוֹן גֶּבֶר).

†[אֵילִים], always אֵילִם S GK n.pr.loc. (= place of terebinths or other great trees, v. Di Gn 14:6 & Ex 15:27 (12 fountains & 70 palms)) 2nd station of Isr. in desert after passing sea Ex 16:1⁽⁾ Nu 33:9, 10; אֵי֫לִמָה Ex 15:27 Nu 33:9; prob. = Wady Gharandel cf. Rob ^{i. 100, 105}.

†i. אֵלָה S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.f. terebinth (= אֵילָה (?) v. iv. איל > Sta ⁴⁵⁵ wh. derives from אֵל = divine; but cf. ib. on lack of clear distinction betw. אֵלָה, אֵלוֹן & אַלּוֹן)—Gn 35:4 + 15 times + אֵילָה Gn 49:21 (for MT אַיָּלָה v. infr.)—terebinth = Pistacia terebinthus, Linn, a deciduous tree with pinnate leaves & red berries; occasional in Palestine; grows to great age; always of single tree; near Shechem Gn 35:4 (E) cf. †אַלָּה Jos 24:26 (E, read אֵלָה?), Ophrah Ju 6:11, 19; in Jabesh 1 Ch 10:12; tree in which Absalom was caught 2 S 18:9⁽⁾, 10, 14; v. also 1 K 13:14; expressly of idol-shrine Ho 4:13 (|| אַלּוֹן, לִבְנֶה) Ez 6:13; as fading, withering, sim. of Judah Is 1:30; as hewn down, sim. id. 6:13 (|| אַלּוֹן); fig. of Naphtali אֵילָה שְׁלֻחָה Gn 49:21 (G Ew Ol Di > MT אַיָּלָה hind q.v.) a slender terebinth, v. Di & cf. ii. אֵלָה; in topogr. designat. עֵמֶק הָא׳ 1 S 17:2, 19; 21:10 (v. עֵמֶק).

†ii. אֵלָה S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. (terebinth, cf. Gn 49:21 sub i. אֵלָה) 1. a chief of Edom Gn 36:41 = 1 Ch 1:52 ( = אֵילַת n.pr.loc.? v. Di) 2. son of Baasha; reigned two years in Isr. 1 K 16:6, 8, 13, 14. 3. father of Hoshea who was last king of Isr. 2 K 15:30; 17:1; 18:1, 9. 4. a son of Caleb 1 Ch 4:15⁽⁾. 5. a son of Uzzi 1 Ch 9:8.

†i. אֵלוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, n.[f.] terebinth (= אֵלָה)—א׳ cstr. Gn 12:6 + 4 times; pl. cstr. אֵלוֹנֵי Gn 13:18 + 3 times—terebinth (or other tall tree, cf. infr. on 1 S 10:3 Ju 4:5), marking shrine, & hence used in topogr. designations; א׳ מוֹרֶה (teacher’s terebinth) Gn 12:6 (v. Di) so Dt 11:30; א׳ מְעוֹנְנִים (conjurors’ tereb.) Ju 9:37; distinguished by owner or ruler א׳ מַמְרֵא Gn 13:18; 14:13; 18:1; by neighbouring town (ב)צענים Ju 4:11; cf. א׳ בְּצַעֲגַנִּים Jos 19:33 (edd. אַלּוֹן, but v. Norzi Baer Di); אֵ׳ מֻצָּב אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁכֶם Ju 9:6 (cf. אֵלָה Gn 35:4); א׳ תָּבוֹר 1 S 10:3 read א׳ דְּבוֹרָה (& cf. אַלּוֹן בָּכוּת Gn 35:8, & תֹּמֶר דְּבוֹרָה Ju 4:5) cf. Ew ^{iii. 31} Th Di Gn 35:8 (v. also sub אַלּוֹן).

†ii. אֵלוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. (= id. cf. אֵלָה n.pr.) 1. a son of Zebulun Gn 46:14 Nu 26:26. 2. אֵילֹן Gn 26:34; אֵילוֹן 36:2 a Hittite, father-in-law of Esau. 3. אֵילוֹן Ju 12:11, 12 a judge of Isr., of tribe of Zeb. 4. n.pr.loc. אֵילוֹן Jos 19:43 a town of Dan; so 1 K 4:9 (where read א׳ וּבֵית ח׳ Th Klo).

†אֵלֹנִי S GK adj.gent. of אֵלוֹן 1. (as n. coll.) Nu 26:26.

†אֵילַת S GK n.pr.loc. (lofty tree(s coll.?) i.e. palms? cf. Di Gn 14:6) town & harbour, N.E. arm of Red Sea, hence called Ælanitic Gulf ( = Gulf of Akaba, from neighbouring fortress) Dt 2:8 2 K 14:22; 16:6⁽⁾ (perhaps later designat. for fuller איל פארן q.v.) = G Αἰλων, Αἰλαθ, Gr. Αἰλανα, etc.; = אֵלָה (? Gn 36:41 v. Di), אֵילוֹת infr.

†אֵילוֹת S GK n.pr.loc. id. (grove of lofty trees (palms?)) 1 K 9:26 2 K 16:6 2 Ch 8:17; 26:2 (cf. אֵיל פָּאוָן, אֵילַת).

[אֵילָם S TWOT GK] n.m. porch (= אוּלָם, q.v.; only Ez, where Co always for אוּלָם, cf. G αἰλαμ; Bö ⁹²⁹ makes אילם vestibule, אולם porch)—אֵילָם read for אֵילִים Ez 40:37 (so Sm Co); sf. אילמו Kt Ez 40:22⁽⁾ + 4 times (Qr אֵילַמָּיו) + 41:15 Co (for MT אֻלַמֵּי); אלמו Kt Ez 40:21 + 6 times (Qr אֵלַמָּיו).—Co all sg.:—pl. אֵלַמּוֹת Ez 40:16 (Co sg.) v 30 (del. Co cf. MSS. of ℌ, B etc., also Ew Hi Sm).—porch, of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 21 + 13 times.

†אַיָּל S TWOT GK n.[m.] (f. ψ 42:2) hart, stag, deer (Aramaic id., ܐܰܝܠܴܐ (˒aylo) Arabic إِيَّلٌ (˒iyyalun) Assyrian ailu Dl, but dub., v. Hpt ^{i. 170}, Ethiopic ሀየል (hayyal) = leader? cf. אַיִל. Arabic إِيَّلٌ (˒iyyalun) = ibex (i.q. وَعْلٌ, وَعِلٌ (wa˓lun, wa˓ilun)).) א׳ abs. Dt 12:15 + 6 times; pl. אַיָּלִים Ct 2:9 + 3 times;—hart, stag, allowed as food Dt 12:15, 22; 15:22 (all || צְבִי); 14:5 (|| צְבִי, יַחְמוּר etc.); eaten in Sol.’s household 1 K 5:3 (|| as Dt 14:5); sim. of leaping Is 35:6; id. עֹפֶר הָא׳ Ct 2:9, 17; 8:14 (all || צְבִי); as in search of pasture, sim. of princes of Judah La 1:6; as longing for water, sim. of longing for י׳ ψ 42:2.

†אַיָּלָה S^, TWOT GK n.f. hind, doe—א׳ abs. Gn 49:21 (but read אֵילָה v. infr.); אַיֶּ֫לֶת Je 14:5; cstr. אַיֶּ֫לֶת ψ 22:1 Pr 5:19; pl. אַיָּלוֹת ψ 29:9 + 4 times; cstr. אַיְלוֹת Ct 2:7; 3:5—hind, doe, as calving Jb 39:1 (חֹלֵל א׳ || לֶדֶת יַעֲלֵי סָ֑לַע) cf. ψ 29:9 קוֹל יָ׳ יְחוֹלֵל א׳; in adjuration בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּא׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Ct 2:7; 3:5; in sim. מְשַׁיֶּה רַגְלַי כָּא ψ 18:34 = 2 S 22:34 cf. וַיָּשֶׂם ר׳ כָּא׳ Hb 3:19 i.e. surefooted, secure, cf. || וְעַל בָּמֹתַי יַעֲמִידֵנִי ψ 18:34 2 S 22:34; so Hb 3:19 but vb. יַדְרִכֵנִי; metaph. of Naphtali Gn 49:21 א׳ שְׁלֻחָה, but read אִילָה, cf. sub i. אֵלָה; in name of a melody ψ 22:1 עַל־אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר cf. De, & for hind as fig. of dawn Yom.^{29 a}.

†אַיָּלוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. (Deer-field) Aijalon—א׳ Jos 10:12 + 8 times; אַיָּלֹ֫נָה 1 S 14:31— 1. city in Dan Jos 19:42; 21:24 (Levit. city) Ju 1:35; 1 S 14:31 doubtless same; so 1 Ch 6:54 (where Dan om.); app. later in Benj. 1 Ch 8:13 2 Ch 11:10; 28:18 (v. Be); עֵמֶק אַיָּלוֹן Jos 10:12 almost certainly named from same; = Epiph. Ἰαλω, mod. Jâlo Rob ^{ii. 253}, Survey^{iii. 19}. 2. city in Zebulun Ju 12:12.

†I. [אוּלַי S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.pr.fl. Ulai, Eulaeus (Assyrian Ulâi, cf. Dl ³²⁹ Gr. Εὐλαιος) only אוּלָ֑י, river of Elam Dn 8:2, 16; = (at least in lower part) mod. Karûn (old Pasitigris) v. Dl ^177.189.329; in upper part perhaps also = mod. Kerkhah ( = Choaspes), which was formerly connected with Kar̂n not far from Susa (Loftus^{Trav. & Researches, 423 ff} Schaff-Herz.^{iii. 2178, art. Shushan}).

II. אוּלַי S^, TWOT GK^, ₄₄ and (Gn 24:39) אֻלַי adv. (perhaps from אוֹ & לַי = לֵי, לֵא, as in לוּלֵא, = or not?) 1. peradventure, perhaps; usually expressing a hope, as Gn 16:2 Nu 22:6, 11; 23:3 1 S 6:5 Je 20:10; but also a fear or doubt, as Gn 27:12 Jb 1:5, sq. לֹא Gn 24:5, 39; in mockery Is 47:12 Je 51:8. 2. followed by another clause ἀσυνδέτως, it expresses virtually the protasis = if peradventure Gn 18:24, 28 (cf. v 29–32) Ho 8:7 the blade shall yield no meal; אוּלַי יַעֲשֶׂה זָרִים יִבְלָעֻהוּ if perchance it yield strangers shall swallow it up. 3. in Nu 22:33 לוּלֵי (q.v.) must be read; unless she had turned aside from me, surely, etc.

i. & ii. אוּלָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. & n.pr.m. v. sub II. אול.

†iii. אוּלָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} and (Jb 17:10, perhaps for sake of assonance with following כֻּלָּם) אֻלָּם adv. but, but indeed, a strong adversative Jb 2:5; 5:8; 13:3 (where G excellently οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλά). More usually with וְ, וְאוּלָם Gn 28:19 (cf. Ju 18:29) 48:19 howbeit his younger brother shall be greater than he, Ex 9:16 but in very deed, Nu 14:21 (cf. 1 S 20:3; 25:34) 1 K 20:23 Mic 3:8 Jb 1:11; 11:5; 12:7; 13:4; 14:18; 17:10; 33:1.