†אָחַר S^, TWOT GK^, vb. to remain behind, delay, tarry (Arabic أَخَّرَ (˒aḫḫara) to put off, also to remain behind; Aramaic Pa. אְחַר, Aph. ܐܰܘܚܰܕ (˒awḥad), Shaph. ܫܰܘܚܰܕ (šawḥad), Sab. אחֿר Osiander ^{1865, 197}; אחֿחֿר DHM ³⁴). †Qal once only Gn 32:5 וָאֵחַר (contr. from וָאֶאֱחַר cf. אֵהָ֑ב Pr 8:17) and I have tarried until now. †Pi. Pf. אֵחַר Gn 34:19; אֶחֱרוּ Ju 5:28; Impf. יְאַחֵר, תְּאַחֵר, (3 times תְּאַחַ֑ר) etc. Gn 24:56 + 9 times; Pt. (־רֵי) מְאַחֲרִים 3 times 1. intensive, delay, tarry, abs. Ju 5:28 (|| בּשֵׁשׁ לָבוֹא) Is 46:13 and my salvation לֹא תְאַחֵר Hb 2:3 ψ 40:18 = 70:6 Dn 9:19; with ל & inf. Gn 34:19.—Pr 23:30 מְאַחֲרִים עַל־הַיָּיִ֑ן those tarrying over the wine, Is 5:11 מְאַחֲרֵי בַנֶּשֶׁף, ψ 127:2 מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת (|| מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם). 2. causat. of Qal, cause one to delay, hinder Gn 24:56; keep back ( = bring late) Ex 22:28; with ל & inf. delay to … Dt 23:22 quoted Ec 5:3: ellipt. Dt 7:10 he delayeth (it, the recompense) not to his enemy.—2 S 20:5 Qr וַיּ֫וֹחֶר is taken by Ol ^{241 c} as Qal (cf. וַתּ֫חֶז v 9 from אָחַז), by Sta ^{498 c} Kö^{. 397} Ges ^{68 2 Rem} as Hiph. (lit. shewed, exhibited delay): on the Kt (? וַיֵּיחַר) v. Dr.

i. אַחֵר S^, TWOT GK^, adj. another (proposes one coming behind), f. אַחֶ֑רֶת Ez 41:24 (dag. f. implic.); pl. אֲחֵרִים (as if from sg. אָחֵר), once Jb 31:10 אֲחֵרִין, אֲחֵרוֹת ( = Arabic آخَرُ (˒āḫaru), Sab. אאחֿר, Assyrian aḫrû future, fpl. as subst. aḫrât ûmê future of days) Gn 4:25 זֶרַע אַחֵר another seed 8:10 שִׁבְעַת יָמִים אֲחֵרִים seven other days Ex 22:4 בִּשְׂדֵה אַחֵר in the field of another + often; אִישׁ אַחֵר another man (husband) Gn 29:19 Dt 24:2 Je 3:1; חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת 1 K 7:8 the other court, v. חָצֵר; הַחוֹמָה א׳ 2 Ch 32:5 the other wall, v. חוֹמָה. Appended to a n.pr. for distinction Ezr 2:31 = Ne 7:34 (see v 7 = Ne v 12) Ne 7:33 (prob. here textual error, v. BeRy ¹⁸: not in Ezr 2:29). Often with the collat. sense of different, as בְּגָדִים א׳ other garments Lv 6:4 1 S 28:8 Ez 42:14; 44:19; עָפָר, אֲבָנִים Lv 14:42; רוּחַ Nu 14:24; וְנֶהְפַּכְתָּ֫ לְאִישׁ אַ׳ 1 S 10:6; לֵב v 9 Ez 11:19 (G Hi Sm); שֵׁם Is 65:15 (cf. 62:2 חָדָשׁ); with that of strange, alien, as אִישׁ אַ׳ Dt 20:5, 6, 7; 28:30 (so אַחֵר, אֲחֵרִים alone ψ 109:8 Jb 31:8, 10 Is 65:22 Je 6:12; 8:10 al.); עַם Dt 28:32; אֶרֶץ 29:27 Je 22:26; אִשָּׁה Ju 11:2; לָשׁוֹן Is 28:11 (|| בְּלַעֲגֵי שָׂפָה); especially in the phrase אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods (63 times) Ex 20:3 ( = Dt 5:7) 23:13 (both JE) Jos 24:2, 16 (E) 1 S 26:19 Ho 3:1, & particularly in Dt (6:14; 8:19 + 15 times) & Deut. writers, as Jos 23:16 Ju 2:12, 17, 19 Je (18 times) & compiler of Kings; אֵל אַחֵר once Ex 34:14 (JE). So אַחֵר alone Is 42:8 ψ 16:4. †Of time, following, next (rare) בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַ׳ Gn 17:21 (P) in the next year; 2 K 6:29 בַּיּוֹם הָאַ׳; דּוֹר אַ׳ Joel 1:3 ψ 109:13 poet. the next generation (Ju 2:10 in prose = another generation).

אַחַר S^, TWOT^, GK proposes subst. the hinder or following part (cf. the pl.) 1. adv. a. of place, behind, twice Gn 22:13 (many MSS. Sam. G S Ol Ew read אֶחָד v. Di) ψ 68:26. b. of time, afterwards Gn 10:18; 18:5; 24:55; 30:21 Ju 19:5 +; וְאַחַר in laws of P, as Lv 14:8, 19; 15:28; 22:7 Nu 5:26 al. 2. prep. a. of place, behind, after Ex 3:1; 11:5 2 K 11:6 Ct 2:9 Is 57:8: הָלַךְ אַחַר to go after, follow Gn 37:17 2 K 13:2; 23:3 Is 65:2 Ez 13:3 Jb 31:7; הָיָה אַחַר 1 S 12:14; מֵאַחַר from after †2 S 7:8 ψ 78:71 Is 59:13. b. of time, after Gn 9:28 Lv 25:15 al; אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה after these things †Gn 15:1; 22:1; 39:7; 40:1 1 K 17:17; 21:1 Ezr 7:1 Est 2:1; 3:1; אַחַר כֵּן †Lv 14:36 Dt 21:13 1 S 10:5; אַחַר זֶה (late) 2 Ch 32:9: sq. inf. †Nu 6:19 Je 40:1 1 Ch 2:24 Jb 21:3; עַד אַחַר till after †Ne 13:19. c. Ne 5:15 strangely: Ew RV besides; but text prob. corrupt, v. BeRy. 3. †conj. אַחַר אֲשֶׁר after that Ez 40:1; and without אשׁר Lv 14:43 Je 41:16 Jb 42:7. As prep. & conj. the pl. אַחֲרֵי is much more freq., which in any case must be used before suffixes. Plur. only cstr. אַחֲרֵי with sf. אַחֲרַי, אַחֲרֶיךָ, etc. 1. subst. hinder part †2 S 2:23 בְּאַחֲרֵי הַחֲנִית with the hinder end of the spear. 2. prep. a. of place, behind, after, Gn 18:10 וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו and it behind him Dt 11:30 Ju 5:14 1 S 14:13; 21:10; Ho 5:8 אַחֲרֶיךָ Behind thee! (sc. Look or The foe is); with a vb. as הִבִּיט to look Gn 19:17 1 S 24:9, הֵנִיעַ רֹאשׁ to shake the head 2 K 19:21 ( = Is 37:22), especially verbs expressing or implying motion, as בָּא to enter in (v. Dr 2 S 20:14), בִּעֵר, דָּבֵק, דָּלַק, הָיָה, הָלַךְ, מִלֵּא, פָּנָה, רָדַף, הִשְׁלִיךְ (see these words). b. of time, after Gn 9:9 זַרְעֲכֶם אַחֲרֵיכֶם your seed after you; similarly 17:7–10, 19; 35:12; 48:4 Ex 28:43 Nu 25:13 all P (also Dt 1:8; 4:37; 10:15 1 S 24:22 2 S 7:12 ||), & with בָּנָיו Gn 18:19 J ( + בֵּיתוֹ) Ex 29:29 P Lv 25:46 H Dt 4:40; 12:25, 28 Je 32:18, 39 1 Ch 28:8 Pr 20:7, דּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ Jos 22:27, בֵּיתוֹ Jb 21:21; Ex 10:14 Ju 10:3 etc.; with inf. Gn 5:4 אַחֲרֵי הוֹלִידוֹ after his begetting Sheth, 13:14; 14:17; 18:12; 25:11 + often; אַחֲרֵי־כֵן afterwards Gn 6:4 (אחרי כן אשׁר = afterwards, when, cf. 2 Ch 35:20) 15:14; 23:19; 25:26; 32:21; 41:31; 45:15 etc.; ויהי אחרי־כן as a formula of transition chiefly in 2 S (2:1; 8:1 || 10:1 || 13:1; 21:18 ||) cf. 1 S 24:6 Ju 16:4 2 K 6:24 2 Ch 20:1 24:4†; in late Heb. אַחֲרֵי זֹאת †Jb 42:16 Ezr 9:10 2 Ch 21:18 ( + כָּלִ־) 35:20 (do.); cf. Aramaic אַחֲרִי דְנָה Dn 2:29, 45, and בָּאתַר דְּנָה Dn 7:6, 7.—The local (metaph.) and temporal senses blend ψ 49:14 וְאַחֲרֵיהֶם בְּפִיהֶם יִרְצוּ & after them (i.e. following, imitating them) men applaud their speech, cf. Jb 21:33. 3. conj. אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר after that, with the finite vb. Dt 24:4 Jos 7:8; 9:16; 23:1; 24:20 +; without אשׁר †Lv 25:48; 1 S 5:9†. (The most common constr. of אחרי is as a prep. with the inf. cstr.) Jos 2:7 אַהֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָצְֽאוּ must be an error, either for אחרי אשׁר or for כאשׁר alone (notice אחריהם twice in the same verse); 2 S 24:10 read אַחֲרֵי סָפַר vid. Dr 4. with other preps.:—a. מֵאַחֲרֵי₅₇, 1 Ch 17:7 מִן־אַחֲרֵי (|| 2 S 7:8 מֵאַחַר); (α) from behind Gn 19:26 2 S 2:23; from after i.e. from following after, usually with שׁוּב or סוּר 1 S 24:2 2 S 2:22, 26, 30; 11:15; often with God as obj. as Nu 14:43; 32:15 Dt 7:4 Jos 22:16, 18, 23, 29 1 S 15:11 +; with other vbs. of motion, as עָלָה 1 S 14:46 2 S 20:2, נַעֲלָה 2 S 2:27, לָקַח Am 7:15 1 Ch 17:7, זָנָה Ho 1:2; pregn. Is 30:21 thy ears shall hear a word מֵאַחֲרֶיךָ coming from behind thee, Je 9:21 (sc. נָפַל, see v a) 1 S 13:7 GL We Dr חָֽרְדוּ מֵאַחֲרָיו. (β) denoting position (מן = off, on the side of; see מן) behind Ex 14:19⁽⁾ Jos 8:2, 4, 14 1 K 10:19 Ne 4:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי לְ) 2 Ch 13:13, b. (γ) of time (rare) †Dt 29:21 Ec 10:14; מֵאַחֲרֵי כֵן †2 S 3:28; 15:1 2 Ch 32:23. b. †אֶל־אַחֲרֵי 2 S 5:23 2 K 9:18 סֹב אֶל־אַחֲרַי v 19 Zc 6:6. c. †עַל־אַחֲרֵי Ez 41:5 beside, at the back of.

†אַחֲרַי S TWOT^, GK adj. Pr 28:23 (si vera l.) אָדָם אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards (cf. Je 7:24) so Jos Ki De Ol ^{p. 429} (doubtfully) Now Sta ^{301 b}: according to Ew ^{200 a} Hi an abnormal adv. = afterwards, Lag Pr conj. בְּאָרְחוֹ cf. G ὁδούς.

אָחוֹר S^, TWOT GK^, ₄₁ subst. (Arabic أُخُرٌ (˒uḫurun)) the hinder side, back part, in the sg., mostly in adverbial phrases:—a. as accus., in poetry backwards 23 times ( = prose אֲחֹרַנִּית) with vbs. such as נָפַל fall Gn 49:17, נָשׂוֹג be turned 2 S 1:22 (|| תָּשׁוּב רֵיקָם), שׁוּן ψ 9:4; 56:10 +, נָסוֹג 35:4; 40:15 + (of enemies repulsed), 44:19 Is 50:5 (from obedience to God), נָזוֹר Is 1:4, הֵשִׁיב 44:25 ψ 44:11, הִכָּה 78:66; behind (opp. קֶדֶם) ψ 139:5 Jb 23:8; in the phrase פָּנִים וְאָחוֹר in front and behind †1 Ch 19:10 (altered from מִפָּ׳ וּמֵאָ׳ in 2 S v. infr.) 2 Ch 13:14 Ez 2:10. b. בְּאָחוֹר †Pr 29:11, וְחָכָם בְּאָחוֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶנָּה Ges Hi but a wise man stilleth it (רוּחַ anger) backwards (sc. when it would break forth), De in the background, sc. of his heart (|| כָּל־רוּחוֹ יוֹצִיא כְסִיל). c. לְאָחוֹר (α) as a. †ψ 114:3, 5 Je 7:24; (β) of time, hereafter (cf. לְפָּנִים = before) †Is 41:23; 42:23. d. מֵאָחוֹר behind (מן = on the side of) †2 S 10:9 מִפָּנִים וּמֵ׳ in front and behind, Is 9:11 וּפְלִשְׁתִּים מֵאָ׳ and the Philistines behind ( = on the West), opp. אֲרָם מִקֶּדֶם. †Plur. cstr. אֲחֹרֵי hinder part (of the tabernacle Ex 26:12, (of a man or animal)1 K 7:25 ( = 2 Ch 4:4) Ez 8:16 (of God) Ex 33:23.

†אֲחֹרַנִּית S TWOT GK adv. (proposes an adj. fem., cf. קְדֹרַנִּית Sta ³⁶⁷) backwards ( = poet. אָחוֹר) Gn 9:23⁽⁾ 1 S 4:18 1 K 18:37 2 K 20:10, 11 Is 38:8.

אַחֲרוֹן S TWOT GK₅₁ f. אַחֲרוֹנָה, pl. אַחֲרֹנִים (also אַחֲרוֹנִים), adj. from אַחַר, coming after or behind (as a compar. or superl., according to the context); hence a. of place, behind, hindermost Gn 33:2⁽⁾; הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן the hinder ( = the Western) sea (i.e. the Mediterranean: opp. הַיָּם הַקַּדְמוֹנִי the front sea = the Dead Sea, the Semites, in defining the quarters of the heavens, turning naturally to the East, cf. קֶדֶם of the East, יָמִין, תֵּימָן of the South, above sv. אָחוֹר d. and Assyrian mat aḫarru ‘the Western land,’ of Phœnicia & Palestine) †Dt 11:24; 34:2 Jo 2:20 Zc 14:8; Jb 18:20 poet. אַחֲרֹנִים Ew Hi Di De the dwellers in the West (opp. קַדְמוֹנִים). More commonly b. of time, latter or last (according to context) Ex 4:8 Dt 24:3 2 S 19:12 Is 8:23, of God Is 44:6 (|| רִאשׁוֹן) 48:12 (do.) cf. 41:4; in genl. subsequent (vaguely), יוֹם א׳ = time to come †Is 30:8 Pr 31:25 (but Ne 8:18 הַיּוֹם הָאַ׳ = the last day), (הַ)דּוֹר (הָ)אַ׳ the following generation †Dt 29:21 ψ 48:14; 78:4, 6; 102:19, (הָ)אַחֲרֹנִים they that come after Jb 18:20 (GesSchl) Ec 1:11; 4:16, but Is 41:4 the last, Jb 19:25 וְאַחֲרוֹן עַל־עָפָר יָקוּם and as one coming after (me) (and so able to establish my innocence when I am dead) will he (גֹּֽאֲלִי my Vindicator) arise upon the dust.—The fem. is used adverbially (cf. רִאשֹׁנָה) = afterwards or at the last (according to context): (α) absol. †Dan 11:29; (β,) בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה (opp. בָּרִאשֹׁנָה) †Dt 13:10; 17:7 1 S 29:2 2 S 2:26 1 K 17:13 Dn 8:3; (γ) לָאַ׳ †Nu 2:31 (P) Ec 1:11.

אַחֲרִית S TWOT^, GK₆₁ n.f. after-part, end;—a. of place, only ψ 139:9 (late) א׳ יָם. b. of time, latter part or actual close (according to context), opp. רֵאשִׁית;—of year Dt 11:12; of a man’s life Nu 23:10 Pr 5:11 Jb 8:7; 42:12; of a people’s existence Nu 24:20; = final lot Dt 32:20, 29 Je 12:4; 31:17 ψ 73:17; a future, i.e. a happy close of life, suggesting sometimes the idea of a posterity, promised to the righteous Pr 23:18 (|| תִּקְוָה hope) 24:14 Je 29:11 (לָרֵת לָכֶם א׳ וְתִקְוָה), withheld from the wicked Pr 24:20 (|| נֵר יִדְעָֽךְ׃: v. infr.); the end or ultimate issue of a course of action Je 5:31 Pr 14:12; 23:32 (of wine, i.e. of indulgence in it) 25:8 Is 46:10 (absol., but implicitly of a phase of history) 47:7 (of the conduct described v 6 b–7 a) Dn 12:8 Ec 7:8; of a prediction = the event Is 41:22. בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים in the end of the days, a prophetic phrase denoting the final period of the history so far as the speaker’s perspective reaches; the sense thus varies with the context, but it often = the ideal or Messianic future; †Gn 49:1 (of the period of Israel’s possession of Canaan) Nu 24:14 Dt 4:30 (of the period of Israel’s return to God after adversity) 31:29 (of the period of Israel’s rebellion) Ho 3:5 Is 2:2 ( = Mi 4:1) Je 23:20 (v. Graf) = 30:24; 48:47; 49:39 Ez 38:16 (of the period of Gog’s attack upon restored Israel) Dn 2:28 (Aramaic) 10:14 (of the age of Antiochus Epiphanes): cf. בַּא׳ הַשָּׁנִים Ez 38:8. c. א׳ הַגּוֹיִם Je 50:12 the last, hindermost of the nations (of Babylon), opp. ראשׁית הגוים Am 6:1 (Israel) cf. Nu 24:20 (Amalek) chief of the nations. d. concr. posterity (extension of usage noted above in Pr 24:20) ψ 37:37, 38 (possibly not more than ‘a future’ in v 37) 109:13 (|| בְּדוֹר אַחֵר יִמַּח שְׁמָם) Am 4:2; 9:1 Ez 23:25⁽⁾ (according to others, in these four passages, remnant, residue) Dn 11:4.

†ii. אַחֵר S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. 1 Ch 7:12 (ident. & meaning quite dub.; Be thinks = אַחֵר adj. another, to avoid naming Dan (cf. Gn 46:23 Nu 26:42) on account of the narrative Ju 17f. Öt identifies with שַׁחֲרַיִם 8:8).

†אַחֲרַח n.pr.m. a son of Benjamin 1 Ch 8:1 (perhaps corruption of אֲחִירָם Nu 26:38, cf. also אֵחִי).

†אֲחַרְחֵל S GK n.pr.m. app. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 4:8 (deriv. & meaning dub.)

†אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִים S TWOT GK n.m.pl. satraps (Pers. Khshatřapâvan, protectors of the realm, v. Spieg ²¹⁵ = ἐξατράπης, σατράπης, cf. Lag ^{G. Abh. 68, 14; . i. 42f}, who reads אַחְשַׁדְרְפָן)—א׳ Est 8:9; 9:3; cstr. אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי 3:12 Ezr 8:36.

אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ S GK n.pr.m. Ahasuerus = Xerxes (Pers. Khshayârshâ = mighty + eye or man, vid. Spiegel ²¹⁶; in Aramaic חשיארש, CIS^{II. i. 122} [b.c. 481]) king of Pers. Ezr 4:6 Est 1:1⁽⁾, 2, 9, 10 + 18 times Est + Est 10:1 Qr (Kt אחשׁרשׁ); אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ Est 1:16; 2:21; 3:12; 8:7, 10; also Dn 9:1 where made father of ‘Darius the Mede,’ cf. Meinh.

†אֲחַשְׁתָּרִי S GK n.pr.m. but in form adj. gent. (cf. Be) הָאֲח׳ 1 Ch 4:6 (perhaps Pers. = beloging to the realm, royal, vid. infr.)

†[אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן S TWOT GK] adj. (?) royal (from Pers. Khshatřa, lordship, realm, vid. Spiegel ²¹⁵) pl. הָאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִים agreeing with הָרֶכֶשׁ Est 8:10, 14.

אַחַת v. אֶחָד.

אַט S TWOT GK v. אטט.

אטד TWOT (meaning dub.; perhaps cf. Arabic وطد (wṭd) make firm, strong, cf. Thes MV).

†אָטָד S TWOT GK^, n.m. Ju 9:15 bramble, buck-thorn (cf. Che ψ 58:10) (rhamnus, Arabic أَطَد (˒aṭad), Assyrian eṭidu v. Dl^{, 153}, Aramaic אַטְדָּא, ܐܛܕܐ (˒ṭd˒) cf. Löw ¹⁵) contr. עֵצִים Ju 9:14, 15⁽⁾ (personif., in fable); ψ 58:10 as fuel (in fig., cf. Che); בְּגֹרֶן הָא׳, n.loc., Gn 50:10, 11 (v. גֹּרֶן & אבל מצרים).

אטט TWOT Arabic أَطَّ (˒aṭṭa) to emit a moaning or craking sound (cf. AW ^{Lex. 36} Ges ^{i. 604 f.} Lane ^{i. 66}).

†[אִטִּי TWOT Ol. ⁴¹²] n.m. mutterer, pl. אִטִּים Is 19:3 mutterers (|| אֹבוֹת, יִדְּעֹנִים) i.e. either ventriloquists or whisperers of charms (cf. 8:19; 29:4).

†אַט S TWOT GK subst. gentleness, used only adverbially:—a. as adverb. accus. 1 K 21:27 וַיְהַלֵּךְ אַֽט׃ and he (Ahab) went about softly (sc. in penitence); b. with לְ of norm or state (as in לָבֶטַח, v. לְ) 2 S 18:5 לְאַט־לִי לַנַּעַר (deal) gently for me with the young man, Is 8:6 the waters of Shiloah הַהֹלְכִים לְאַ֑ט that go gently; with pretonic qameṣ Jb 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עִמָּֽךְ׃ a word (spoken) gently with thee; with sf. Gn 33:14 אֶתְנַהֲלָה לְאִטִּי I will lead on gently (lit. according to my gentleness). S. p. 532 for לָאט secretly.

†[אטם] vb. shut, shut up (Mish. אטם, cf. אוֹטֶם stoppage, Aramaic אֲטַם; Arabic أَطَمَ (˒aṭama) contract, stop, أُطُمٌ (˒uṭumun) fortress; Assyrian aṭamu, in list of headgear, etc. = turban? Dl^{, 155})—Qal Pt. act. אֹטֵם Pr 17:28 + 2 times; pass. אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4; אֲטֻמוֹת Ez 40:16 + 2 times;—shut, stop, obj. lips Pr 17:28; ears 21:13 Is 33:15; pass. = closed (i.e. narrowed, narrowing, cf. S in Co) חַלּוֹנוֹת א׳ Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; cf. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים אֲטֻמִים 1 K 6:4. Hiph. Impf. i.q. Qal יַאְטֵם ψ 58:5 (juss. with sense of indic., cf. Dr ^{173 obs.}) of adder, stopping ears, sim. of wicked.

†אֵטוּן S TWOT GK n.[m.] thread, yarn (etym. unknown; on form v. Ges ^{84 a. 12. R.} Talm. אֵטוּנָא, אַטּוּנָא, cord, rope; so T) cstr. א׳ מִצְרַיִם Pr 7:16.

†[אָטַר S TWOT GK] vb. shut up, close, bind (Arabic أَطَرَ (˒aṭara) bend, curve, إِطَارٌ (˒iṭārun) what surrounds, encloses) Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּאְטַר ψ 69:16 (אַל תּ׳ עָלַי בְּאֵר פִּיהָ).

†אָטֵר S GK n.pr.m. (binder?) a chief of Jews Ezr 2:16, 42 Ne 7:21, 45; 10:18.

†אִטֵּר S TWOT GK adj. shut up, bound (NH אִטֵּר, lame) אִישׁ א׳ יַד־יְמִינוֹ Ju 3:15; 20:16 a man bound, restricted, as to his right hand, i.e. left-handed.

[אַי] (أَىٌّ (˒ayyun), አይ (˒ay) in Syriac in cpds. as ܐܰܝܟܰܢ (˒aykan) how? W ^120–2; cf. Assyrian aiu, who? what?). † 1. interrog.adv. where? a. so with sf. אַיֶּ֫כָּה [a verbal form, v. Sta ^{355 b. 3}] Gn 3:9; אַיּוֹ Ex 2:20, poet. where is he? = he is nowhere Jb 14:10; 20:7 (Je 37:19 read Qr אַיֵּה); אַיָּם Na 3:17 (in indirect qu.) and the place thereof is not known, אַיָּם where they are. Idiomatically, with the sf. anticipating the noun to which it refers (Ew ^{309 c}, cf. Dr ^{i. 21, 14}) 2 K 19:13 אַיּוֹ מֶלֶךְ־חֲמָת where is he, the king of Hamath? (|| Is 37:13 אַיֵּה) Is 19:12 Mi 7:10. When used alone, or with other adverbs (v. infr.), it is contracted to אֵי Gn 4:9 Dt 32:37 1 S 26:16 Pr 31:4 Qr. (The more usual form is אַיֵּה.) b. strengthened by the enclitic זֶה (v. זֶה, 4) אֵי־זֶה₁₅ where, then? (never of a person, except Est 7:5 (late), & only once 1 K 22:24 [but v. 2 Ch 18:23] with a verb) Is 50:1; 66:1⁽⁾ Je 6:16, in indirect qu. 1 S 9:18; in the phrase אֵי־זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ … where is the way (that) …? †1 K 13:12 2 K 3:8 2 Ch 18:23 Jb 30:19a, 24. 2. prefixed to other adverbs or prons., אֵי imparts to them an interrog. force: thus a. אֵי־זֶה which (of two or more)? only Ec 2:3; 11:6 (late), in indirect qu. b. †אֵי־מִוֶּה whence? (מִוֶּה = hence; v. sub זֶה) Gn 16:8 אֵי־מִוֶּה בָאתְ 1 S 30:13 2 S 1:3, 13 Jb 2:2; in indirect qu. Ju 13:6 1 S 25:11; fem. subst. annexed 2 S 15:2 אֵי־מִוֶּה עִיר אַתָּה lit. whence, as regards city, art thou? Jon 1:8. c. †אֵי־לָזֹאת Je 5:7 upon what ground? (B super quo?) how? With other adverbs, אֵי coalesces into one word, v. אֵיכָה, אֵיכָכָה, אֵיפֹה.

אַיֵּה S TWOT GK₄₅ (lengthened from אַי, cf. הֵן & הִנֵּה) interr.adv. Where? Gn 18:9; 19:5; 22:7; the most gen. term expressing this idea, used of both persons & things (but never with a verb [contrast אֵיפֹה]); often in poet. or elevated style, where the answer nowhere is expected, Is 33:18; 36:19; 51:13 Je 2:28 (cf. Dt 32:37 אֵי) 17:15; 37:19, Jb 15:23 he wandereth abroad for bread אַיֵּה (saying Where is it? 21:28 Zc 1:5 (אַיֵּה־הֵם); in the (iron.) phrase where is thy (their) God? †ψ 42:4, 11; 79:10; 115:2 (אַיֵּה־נָא) Jo 2:17; rhetorically, of an earnest inquiry Je 2:6, 8 Job 35:10, or longing Is 63:11, 15 Ju 6:13.

אֵיךְ S TWOT GK₅₉ (Aramaic אֵיךְ, ܐܰܝܟ (˒ayk) [pron. âch]) adv. 1. interrog. How? Gn 26:9 2 S 1:5, 14 1 K 12:6 Is 20:6 al.; often with impf. (especially in 1 ps.) in an expostulation Gn 39:9; 44:8, 34 Jos 9:7 2 S 2:22; 12:18 ψ 137:4, Is 48:11 for how should it be profaned? איך תאמר(ו) how canst or dost thou (do you) say …? Ju 16:15 Is 19:11 Je 2:23 (cf. 8:8 אֵיכָה) 48:14 ψ 11:1; in an indirect sentence 2 K 17:28 Je 36:17 Ru 3:18. 2. as an exclam. How! whether of lamentation 2 S 1:19 Je 2:21; 9:18 Mi 2:4 Ec 2:16; or of satisfaction Is 14:4, 12 Je 48:39; 51:41 Ob 5 al.; with intensive force = how gladly! Je 3:19, how terribly! 9:6 (but others render here ‘for how [else] should I do’? etc.), Ho 11:8 according to Hi.

†אֵיכָה S TWOT^, GK (from אַי and כָּה = כֹּה; cf. Assyrian ekiam) adv. 1. interrog. In what manner? τίνι τρόπῳ; (rather more definite than אֵיךְ = πῶς;) Dt 1:12; 7:17; 12:30; 18:21; 32:30 Ju 20:3 (indirect sentence) 2 K 6:15 Je 8:8 ψ 73:11. 2. exclam. How! (slightly more emph. than אֵיךְ) Is 1:21 Je 48:17 La 1:1; 2:1; 4:1, 2. 3. Where? (prob. north-Isr.; cf. Aramaic אֵיכָא, ܐܰܝܟܳܐ (˒ayko) where? Cf. Dr ^{178, 421}) only 2 K 6:13 (K³ אֵיכֹה) Kt Ct 1:7⁽⁾,—each time in an indirect sentence.

†אֵיכוֹ S TWOT GK 2 K 6:13 Qr where? v. אֵיכָה 3.

†אֵיכָ֫כָה S TWOT^, GK (Ct) אֵֽיכָכָ֫ה (Est) (from אַי & כָּ֫כָה thus) How? only Ct 5:3⁽⁾ Est 8:6⁽⁾.

I. [אַ֫יִן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] adv. (from אַי; Assyrian aina, ainu, Arabic أَيْنَ (˒ayna) where? مِنْ أَيْنَ (min ˒ayna) whence?) only in the compound מֵאַ֫יִן₁₇ whence? Gn 29:4; 42:7 (syn. אֵי־מִוֶּה e.g. Gn 16:8 1 S 30:13) Ju 17:9; 19:17 Jb 1:7 (2:2 אֵי־מִוֶּה); used in a rhet. or poet. style (where אֵי־מִוֶּה would be too prosaic) Nu 11:13 מֵאַיִן לִי בָּשָׂר whence have I flesh etc.? 2 K 6:27 Je 30:7 Alas! for that day is great; מֵאַיִן כָּמוֹהוּ whence is its like? (see also II. אַיִן ad fin.) Na 3:7 ψ 121:1 Jb 28:12, 20; in an indirect sentence Jos 2:4 (cf. אֵי־מִוֶּה 1 S 25:11).

אָן S TWOT GK adv. (contracted from I. אַיִן) where? or whither? 1 S 10:14 (cf. 27:10 S T, v. sub אַל ad fin.); only besides in †מֵאָן whence? 2 K 5:25 Kt (Qr מֵאַיִן); †עַד־אָן of time to what point? how long? Jb 8:2. With ה locale: אָ֫נָה (a) whither? Gn 16:8; 32:18 2 S 2:1; 13:13 2 K 6:6 ψ 139:7⁽⁾ + 9 times; in indirect sentence Jos 2:5 Ne 2:16; (b) pregnantly †Ru 2:19 Is 10:3; (c) in the phrase אָ֫נֶה וָאָ֫נָה any whither †1 K 2:36, 42 2 K 5:25; (d) of time, עַד־אָ֫נָה how long? †Ex 16:28 Nu 14:11⁽⁾ (c. לֹא) Jos 18:3 Je 47:6 (sq. לֹא) Hb 1:2 ψ 13:2⁽⁾, 3⁽⁾; 62:4 Jb 18:2; 19:2 (less common than the syn. עַד מָתַי).

†אֵיפֹה S TWOT GK (from אַי & פֹּה here) adv. 1. where? Gn 37:16 1 S 19:22 2 S 9:4 Is 49:21 Je 3:2 Jb 4:7; 38:4 Ru 2:19; in indirect sentence Je 36:19 (less common than אַיֵּה, used of persons [contrast אֵי־וֶה] and with a verb [contrast אַיֵּה]). 2. of what kind? (qualis?) only Ju 8:18.

†III. אִי S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} interj. (so in Rabb., v. De^{Koh 197} WR^{Eccl. 490}) alas! (late) Ec 4:10 אִי לוֹ (written in MT as one word) alas for him (Ew ^{309 c}), the one, who falleth, etc. (i.e. who falleth alone) 10:16.

†IV. אִי S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} adv. not (frequently in Rabb., as אִי אֶפְשַׁר impossible; and in Ethiopic the ordinary negative; cf. Ph. אי CIS^{i. 3, 5} and in איבל ^{165, 18; 167, 11}; Assyrian ai) Jb 22:30 אִי־נָקִי the non-innocent, read perhaps אֵל (Me), or אֱלֹהַּ (Ley), with וְתִמָּלֵט in v b.

†אִי כָבוֹר (1 S 4:21), אִי־כָבוֹר (1 S 14:3) n.pr.m. (inglorious), son of Phinehas (explained 1 S 4:21 by גָּלָה כָבוֹד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל glory is gone into exile from Israel).

אִיזֶבֶל S GK n.pr.f. (sense uncertain, CIS ^{i. 158} there occurs the n.pr.f. בעלאזבל Baal exalts? or is husband to? [v. זָבַל], of which אִיזֶבֶל is conjectured by DHM to be an intentional alteration, made for the purpose of avoiding the name Baal. If so, א׳ perhaps suggested to the Hebrew ear the idea of un-exalted or un-husbanded), queen of Ahab, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre 1 K 16:31; 18:4, 13, 19; 19:1, 2; 21:5 +; 2 K 9:7 +.

I. אִי S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.m. isle, coast, v. I. אָוָה.

II. אַ֫יִן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} nought, v. p. 34.

אִיעֶזֶר S GK v. אֲבִיעֶזֶר.

אִיתָמָר S GK v. I. אָוָה.

[אָיַב S^, TWOT GK^, ]₂₈₃ vb. be hostile to (Assyrian aibu (v. Dl), enemy = אֹיֵב)—Qal Pf. †וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Ex 23:22; Pt. אוֹיֵב (אֹיֵב) Ex 15:6 +; sf. (אוֹיְבִי)אֹיְבִי 2 S 22:18 = ψ 18:18 +; f. sf. אֹיַבְתִּי Mi 7:8, 10; אֹיִבְךָ Ex 23:4 +, etc.; pl. אוֹיְבִים ψ 68:24; 127:5; אֹיְבִים ψ 139:22, etc.;—be hostile to, treat as enemy Ex 23:22 (E, Cov’t code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶת־צֹרְרֶיךָ (subj. י׳); elsewhere Pt. 1 S 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶת־דָּוִד; usually as subst. & mostly sf.; enemy, of personal foe Ex 23:4 (E || שֹׂנֵא v 5) Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 19:17 (cf. 18:29) 24:5, 20 2 S 4:8 1 K 21:20 Jb 27:7 ψ 54:9; 55:13 (|| מְשַׂנֵּא; opp. אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע v 14) Mi 2:8 Pr 16:7; 24:17 +; in sim. Je 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֹיֵב); of public national enemy, sg. Ju 16:23, 24; coll. Ex 15:6, 9 Dt 33:27 Na 3:11 2 Ch 6:24 +; personif. Mi 7:8, 10; more often pl. Ex 23:22 (E) Lv 26:7f (H) Nu 10:9 (P) Dt 1:42; 6:19 Je 15:9; 34:20, 21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Nu 10:35 (J) Ju 5:31 1 S 30:26 2 S 18:19 ψ 66:3; 68:1, 22 Na 1:2, 8 Is 66:6 +; as morally supreme Jb 13:24; 33:10 ψ 37:20; 92:10⁽⁾ +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Is 63:10, in sim. La 2:4, 5.

†אֵיבָה S TWOT GK n.f. enmity—א׳ Gn 3:15 + 2 times; cstr. אֵיבַת Ez 25:15; 35:5—enmity, personal hostility, betw. men Nu 35:21, 22 (P), betw. serpent & woman Gn 3:15 (J), betw. peoples אֵיבַת עוֹלָם Ez 25:15; 35:5.

אִיּוֹב S TWOT GK n.pr.m. Job (meaning unknown; Thes √ איב; obj. of enmity, cf. for pass. sense יִלּוֹד; Ew comp. Arabic أَوَّابٌ (˒awwābun) he who turns (to God); but cf. Di on 1:1; all dub. cf. Lag ⁹⁰) Jb 1:1, 5⁽⁾, 8, 9, 14 + 48 times Jb; Ez 14:14, 20.

אֵיד S TWOT GK, אֵד S TWOT GK v. אוּד.

אַיָּה S^, TWOT GK^, v. III. אוה.

אַיֵּה S TWOT GK v. אַי.

אִיִּים v. III. אוה.

אֵיךְ S TWOT GK, אֵיכָה S TWOT^, GK, אֵיכָכָה S TWOT^, GK v. sub אַי (p. 32).

אַיִל S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} , אַיָּל S TWOT GK, אַיָּלָה S^, TWOT GK, אַיָּלוֹן S GK, אֵילוֹן S GK^, , אֵילָם S TWOT GK, אֵילִם S GK, אֵילַת S GK, אֵילוֹת S GK etc. v. אול. אִילוֹ v. אִי.

†אֱיָל S TWOT GK n.m. help (loan-word from Aramaic ܐܻܝܳܠܴܐ, ܐܻܝܳܠ (˒iyolo, ˒iyol) help, so Lag ^{ii. 7, 175}, Nö ^{1883, 526}) only in sim. כְּגֶבֶר אֵין א׳ ψ 88:5.

†[אֱיָלוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. id. sf. אֱיָלוּתִי ψ 22:20 my help (|| יהוה).

אים TWOT (cf. T, Talm. אַיֵּם terrify Lag ²⁸).

†אָיֹם S TWOT GK adj. terrible, dreadful—terrible, of Chaldeans אָיֹם וְנוֹרָא הוּא Hb 1:7; of dignified woman, awe-inspiring אֲיֻמָּה בַּנִּדְגָלוֹת Ct 6:4, 10.

†אֵימָה S TWOT GK₁₇ n.f. terror, dread (Talm. id., cf. Assyrian imtu, Dl)—א׳ Gn 15:12 +; אֵימָ֫תָה Ex 15:16 (cf. Ges ^{90, 2 R. b}); cstr. אֵימַת Pr 20:2; sf. אֵימָתִי Ex 23:27; אֵמָתִי Jb 33:7, etc.; pl. אֵימִים Je 50:38; אֵמִים Jb 20:25; אֵימוֹת ψ 55:5; sf. אֵמֶיךָ ψ 88:16;—terror, dread (mostly poet.), inspired by י׳ Ex 15:16 (song in E || פַּחַד) 23:27 (E) Dt 32:25 Jb 9:34; 13:21 cf. 33:7; 20:25 ψ 88:16 (|| חֲרוֹנִים, בִּעוּתִים v 17); cf. Gn 15:12 אֵימָה חֲשֵׁכָה גְדֹלָה; occasioned by enemies Jos 2:9 Is 33:18 Ezr 3:3; by king Pr 20:2; cf. ψ 55:5 אֵימוֹת מָוֶת (|| יִרְאָה, רַעַד, פַּלָּצוּת v 6); pred. of snorting of a war-horse Jb 39:20, of teeth of crocodile Jb 41:6; pl. fig. = idols (i.e. dreadful, shocking things) Je 50:38 (|| פּסלים).

†אֵימִים S GK n.pr.m.pl. Emim (terrors) ancient inhab. of Moab Gn 14:5 (הָאֵימִים); Dt 2:10 (הָאֵמ׳); v 11 (אֵמ׳).

I. [אַ֫יִן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ], מֵאַ֫יִן whence? v. sub אַי.

II. אַ֫יִן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} , אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. proposes nothing, nought (Moab. אן, Assyrian iûnu). 1. †Is 40:23 הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָ֑יִן who bringeth princes to nothing; †כְּאַיִן as nothing, ib. 40:17; 41:11, 12 Hg 2:3 ψ 39:6; almost (|| כִּמְעַט) ψ 73:2; †מֵאַיִן of nothing Is 41:24. 2. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresp. to the affirm. יֵשׁ q.v. Similar in usage, though not etym. akin, are لَيْسَ (laysa), לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ (layt), አልቦ (˒albo)), proposes ‘there is nought of …’ sq. a subst. or a pron. suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Ges ^{100, 5; 152, 1 c}], אֵינְךָ, אֵינֵךְ, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינְכֶם, אֵינָם, also ψ 59:14 אֵינֵ֫מוֹ, 73:5 אֵינֵ֫ימוֹ): twice abnormally, in late Heb., a nom. אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין אֲנַחְנוּ Ne 4:17 (so sometimes לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ (layt), Nö^{. p. 295}); once, incorrectly, את Hg 2:17 (?). a. denying existence absolutely Is 44:6; 47:10 אֵין רֹאָנִי there is none that seeth me, lit. nought of one seeing me! אֵין עוֹד there is none else Dt 4:39 1 K 8:60 Is 45:5, 6, 18, 22. b. more commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand Ex 2:12 and he saw כִּי־אֵין אִישׁ that there was no man (sc. there), Nu 21:5; Gn 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch’s disappearance from earth) 42:13 one (cas.pend. as often), he is not, v 36; often = is (or has) vanished Gn 37:30 1 K 20:40 Is 17:14 ψ 37:10; 39:14; 103:16 Jb 8:22; 24:24; 27:19. c. with the sense determined by a predic. following: Gn 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit, 41:39 + often; Ex 5:10 אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּבֶן I am not giving you straw; and so often with particip. where duration has to be expressed Gn 39:23 Dt 21:18 Is 1:15 Je 7:16, or intention Gn 20:7 אִם אֵינְךָ מֵשִׁיב דַּע … if thou art not restoring her, know, 43:5 Ex 8:17; 33:15 (idiomatically, after אם; v. Dr ¹³⁷) Ju 12:3. Foll. once pleon. by יֵשׁ ψ 135:17. Treated as a mere part. of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the subst. which should strictly stand in the genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֹ Gn 37:24, לוֹ Ex 22:1, שָׁם Ex 12:30, גַּם ψ 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Gn 19:31; 40:8 וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ 41:15 Ex 5:16 Ju 13:9; 14:6; 16:15; 19:1 (so MI ²⁴): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absol. form, as Gn 2:5 ואדם אַיִן לעבד האדמה and man there was none to till the ground, Lv 26:37 וְרֹדֵף אָ֑יִן, Nu 20:5 2 K 19:3 Ho 13:4 Mi 7:2. d. sometimes the subj. has to be supplied form the context: thus (α) †1 S 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִן and they (the asses) were not (lit. and nought!), especially after vbs. of waiting or seeking Is 59:11 ψ 69:21 Jb 3:9; Is 41:17 Ez 7:25 Pr 14:6; 13:4; 20:4. (β) †Ex 17:7 is י׳ in the midst of us אִם־אָֽיִן׃ or not? Nu 13:20. (γ) †Ju 4:20 וְאָמַרְתְּ אָֽיִן׃ then thou shalt say, There is not, 1 K 18:10 1 S 10:14. (δ) Gn 30:1 give me children, וְאִם־אַיִן and if not, I die, Ex 32:32 Ju 9:15, 20 2 S 17:6 (v. Dr) 2 K 2:10 Jb 33:33. e. with subj. not expressed, once (late), Dn 8:5 וְאֵין נוֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ and (it) was not touching the earth. f. Ec 8:11, Jb 35:15 with the finite vb.; but read here כִּי אֵין פֹּקֵד (the usage of لَيْسَ (laysa), cited by De, does not justify the anomaly in Heb.) Je 38:5 the impf. may be due to the fact that no ptcp. of יָכֹל was in use, and a relat. must be tacitly supplied: ‘The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.’ On Ex 3:2 see Ges ^{52, 2 R. 6}; Ew ^{169 d}. 3. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not: Gn 11:30 אֵין לָהּ וָלָד she had no child, Nu 27:9 וְאִם־אֵין לוֹ בַּת and if he have no daughter + often; with a ptcp. Dt 22:27 Je 14:16; 30:17; 49:5; 50:32 ψ 142:5 La 1:2, 9, 17; Ex 22:2 אִם־אֵין לוֹ if he have nought, Dn 9:26 ואין לו and have nought (or none). 4. in circumst. clauses (Dr ¹⁶⁴):—(a) Ex 21:11 she shall go out free אֵין כָּ֑סֶף without money, 22:9 אֵין רֹאֶה none seeing it, Nu 11:6 Is 47:1 Je 2:32 Ho 3:4; 7:11 ψ 32:9; 88:5 +. (b) Dt 32:4 a God of faithfulness וְאֵין עָוֶל and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity, Je 5:21 Jo 1:6 ψ 104:25. (c) very often, in such phrases as וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד with none to affright Lv 26:6 (12 times); וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 al.; וְאֵין מַצִּיל 5:29 ψ 7:3, etc. (Dr ¹⁵⁹). 5. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …: i.e. (α) like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to … (cf. sub יֵשׁ and לֹא), but hardly except in late Heb.; 2 Ch 20:6 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee, 22:9 Ezr 9:15 Ec 3:14 Est 4:2. Once without ל, ψ 40:6 אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι. (β) there is no need to … 1 Ch 23:26 וְגַם לַלְוִיִּם אֵין־לָשֵׂאת for the Levites also there was no need to bear 2 Ch 5:11; 35:15 (v. Dr ^{202. 1}). 6. with prefixes:—a. †בְּאֵין proposes in defect of:—(α) for want of, without—Pr 5:23 he will die בְּאֵין מוּסָר for lack of instruction, 11:14 בְּאֵין תַּחְבֻּלוֹת without guidance, 14:4; 15:22; 26:20; 29:18 Is 57:1 Ez 38:11; cf. בְּלֹא. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Pr 8:24⁽⁾. b. †כְּאֵין Is 59:10 כְּאֵין עֵינַיִם poet. for כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ עֵינַיִם (cf. Ew ^{286 g} Ges ^{152. 1 h}). c. †לְאֵין (α) for לַאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ Is 40:29; in late prose 2 Ch 14:10 Ne 8:10. (β) in the condition of not … (ל of state, v. sub ל) = without or so that not … (peculiar to Ch), 1 Ch 22:4 cedar trees לְאֵין מִסְפָּר without number, 2 Ch 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites לְאֵין־לָהֶם מִחְיָה so that they had none remaining alive, 20:25 לְאֵין מַשָּׂא so that there was no carrying away, 21:18 Ezr 9:14. (γ) עַד־לְאֵין (see עַד ל׳), 2 Ch 36:16 until there was no remedy (cf. עַד אֵין … ψ 40:13 Jb 5:9). d. מֵאֵין (α) (מִן causal) from lack of … Is 50:2 Je 7:32; 19:11 Ez 34:8. (β) (v. מִן 7 b) proposes away from there being no … (with אֵין pleon., cf. מִבְּלִי, and מִבְּלִי אֵין), i.e. so that not …, without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Is 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב without inhabitant, 6:11 + often Je & Zp; Is 6:11 מֵאֵין אָדָם, Je 32:43 מֵאֵין אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה 33:10, 12 Ez 33:28; La 3:49. Once sq. inf. Mal 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Je 10:6, 7 מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this expl. logically; and it is preferable to point מֵאַיִן כָּמוֹךָ whence is any like thee? cf. 30:7. (So Mich v. Dr ^ii.34–7.)

†אִין S TWOT GK 1 S 21:9 וְאִין יֶשׁ־פֹּה … prob. irreg. for אֵין (so Ki Ges Ew ^{213 e, 286 h} Ol ⁶⁴⁰ Sta ^{194 c}) with יֵשׁ pleon. (as ψ 135:17); > dialect. = Aramaic ܐܻܝܢ (˒in), אִין num? (De, but v. Dr ad loc.)

†אֵיפָה S TWOT GK₃₅, אֵפָה n.f. ephah (etym. dub., G οιφι etc., cf. Copt. ôipi, Thes Lag^{. ii. 2} & cit.)—א׳ Nu 5:15 +; אֵפָה Ex 16:36 +; cstr. אֵיפַת Lv 19:36 +;—ephah, a grain-measure. 1. a certain quantity of wheat, barley, etc. = ten omers (עֹמֶר) Ex 16:36 (cf. in measure of offerings Lv 5:11; 6:13 Nu 5:15; 28:5, all עֲשִׂירִית הָא׳; = 1/10 chomer (חֹמֶר) Ez 45:11 ( = bath, בַּת, liqu. meas. q.v.) cf. Is 5:10; chiefly of offerings, v. supr. & 1 S 1:24 Ez 45:13⁽⁾, 24⁽⁾; 46:5⁽⁾, 7⁽⁾, 11⁽⁾, 14; cf. Ju 6:19, but also of food 1 S 17:17 cf. Ru 2:17 & Is 5:10 supr. 2. receptacle or measure, holding an ephah, in proph. vision Zc 5:6, 7, 8, 9, 10; just measure אֵיפַת־צֶדֶק Lv 19:36 (|| מֹאזְנֵי־צ׳, אַבְנֵי־צ׳, הִין צ׳) cf. Ez 45:10, 11; אֵיפָה שְׁלֵמָה וָצ׳ Dt 25:15 (|| אֶבֶן שׁ׳ וָצ׳); of unjust measure אֵיפָה וְאֵיפָה Dt 25:14 Pr 20:10; הַקְטִין א׳ Am 8:5; אֵיפַת רָזוֹן Mi 6:10. (On the actual size of ephah, cf. בַּת).

אֵיפֹה S TWOT GK v. sub אַי.

אישׁ TWOT, אושׁ (Stem assumed in Thes for אִישׁ; existence & meaning somewhat dub. Thes (Add) & most derive אִישׁ from [אִנְשְׁ] √אנשׁ (q.v.) In favour are pl. אֲנָשִׁים, fem. אִשָׁה = [אִנְשָׁה], lack of proven √אישׁ, & lack of clear parallels for אישׁ in cogn. lang. Against the deriv. of אִישׁ from inš is the vocalization (י—ִ, and that fully written, not—ֵ), maintained even with suff., the (rare) pl. אִישִׁים, the impossibility of deriving אִישׁ & אִשָּׁה from same √ (אִשָּׁה from انث (˒nṯ)), the existence of אֱנוֹשׁ as parallel form, and the (exceptional) parallel Aramaic איש (Inscr. of Carpentras), also Arabic إِيسَانٌ (˒īsānun) (cf. Frey) || إِنْسٌ (˒insun); MI, SI, Ph. אש are not decisive; Sab. has both אסם & אנסם; the former app. = אִישׁ, the latter אֱנוֹשׁ; but on former cf. DHM ^{1884, 360} & SabDenkm ³⁷. On the whole, proability seems to favour √אישׁ; Thes gave meaning be strong; Dl ^{9, 161} comp. Assyrian išanu, strong (cf. Dl^{, p. 244}), & n.pr. יְהוֹאָשׁ; cf. also Prät ^{Feb. 1884}; otherwise DHM ^{& 1883, 330} & especially Nö ^{1886, 739–40} Lag ⁶⁸; cf. also Wetzst in De^{Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888} al. v. also אנשׁ, אֱנוֹשׁ).

אִישׁ S^{, ,} TWOT GK^, ₂₁₆₆ n.m. man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Ph. אש, perhaps also Sab. אסם cf. Prät , but DHM ^{1883, 330})—א׳ abs. Gn 2:23 +; cstr. Gn 25:27 +; sf. אִישִׁי Gn 29:32 +, etc.; pl. אִישִׁים ψ 141:4 + 2 times (Ph. אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gn 12:20 +, from √ אנשׁ q.v.; cstr. אַנְשֵׁי Ju 6:27 +; sf. אֲנָשַׁי 1 S 23:12 etc.;—man, opp. woman Gn 2:23, 24 Lv 20:27 Nu 5:6 Dt 17:2f Jos 6:21; 8:25 Je 40:7, emph. on sexual distinction & relation Gn 19:8; 24:16; 38:25 Ex 22:15 Lv 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַ֑ע) v 18 (וְאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ׳־ז׳) 20:10f Nu 5:13f Dt 22:22f Is 4:1 +; thence = husband, especially c. sf. Gn 3:6, 16; 16:3; 29:32, 34 Lv 21:7 Nu 30:7f Dt 28:56 Ju 13:6f Ru 1:3f 1 S 25:19 Je 29:6 Ez 16:45 +; fig. of י׳ as husb. of Isr. אִישִׁי Ho 2:18 (opp. בַּעְלִי); man as procreator, father Ec 6:3; of male child Gn 4:1 cf. זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1 S 1:11, man, opp. beast Ex 11:7 Lv 20:15 (cf. אָרָם); cf. fig. ψ 22:7 but also of male of animals Gn 7:2⁽⁾ (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ); man, opp. God Gn 32:29 Nu 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (|| וּבֶן־אָדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם); Jb 9:32; 32:13 Ho 11:9 cf. Is 31:8 Jb 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2 S 7:14 (|| נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ez 24:17, 22 (cf. Is 8:1); אֲנָשִׁים Ez 24:17, 22 is textual error; We (ap. Sm) אֲנֻשִׁים; Toy אוֹנִים (Ho 9:4). אַמַּת־אִישׁ Dt 3:11; but also contr. אָדָם ψ 49:3; 62:10; man, as valiant 1 S 4:9⁽⁾ (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1 K 2:2 cf. 1 S 26:15; so אִישׁ חַיִל 31:12 2 S 24:9 1 K 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Nu 31:49 Dt 2:14, 16 Jos 5:4, 6 +; even of י׳ Ex 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; often prefixed to other nouns in app. הא׳ אָדוֹן Gn 42:30, 33, א׳ שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט Ex 2:14, א׳ כֹּהֵן Lv 21:9, א׳ סָרִיס Je 38:7; partic. bef. adj. gent. אִישׁ מִצְרִי Gn 39:1 Ex 2:11, 19 cf. Gn 37:28; 38:1, 2; 39:14 1 S 17:12; 30:11, 13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Nu 25:6 Ju 10:1 + (so Ph.); usually pl. אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 S 7:11; 31:7⁽⁾ cf. Jos 7:4, 5 +; also sg. coll. Dt 27:14 Jos 9:6, 7 Ju 20:11 1 S 11:8 (v. Dr) +; 2 S 10:6, 8 (א׳ טוֹב); (so MI ^{10. 13}); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1 S 18:27; 23:3f; 24:3; 25:13 + cf. Dt 33:8 sg. coll. v. Di; אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים man of God = proph. Dt 33:1 Jos 14:6 1 S 9:6f 1 K 12:22; 13:1f + (v. אלהים); in phrase sq. abstr. v. supr.; א׳ רִיב Ju 12:2 Je 15:10, א׳ שֵׂיבָה Dt 32:25, א׳ הַדָּמִים 2 S 16:7 cf. v. 8, א׳ הַבְּלִיַּעַל 2 S 16:7, א׳ מָוֶת 1 K 2:26, א251 ֫֒חָמָס ψ 140:12 Pr 3:31 +; sq. word of occupation, etc. א׳שָׂדֶה Gn 25:27, א׳הָאֲדָמָה Gn 9:20 (cf. Zc 13:5), א׳ הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1 S 17:4 (cf. Dr) v 23, א׳ בְּשׂרָה 2 S 18:20, אִישׁ עֲצָתוֹ his counsellor Is 40:13, cf. אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42, א׳ רֵעִים Pr 18:24; often distrib. = each, every Gn 9:5; 10:5; 40:5⁽⁾ Ex 12:3 +; incl. women Jb 42:11 1 Ch 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּר־לֶחֶם; of inanim. things 1 K 7:30, 36; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Ex 36:4 Nu 4:19, 49 Ez 14:4, 7 +; any one Ex 34:3⁽⁾, 24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lv 15:2; 22:4, 18 +; of gods 2 K 18:33 = Is 36:18; one … another וְהִרְגוּ אִישׁ־אֶת־אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבוֹ Ex 32:27, אִישׁ … אָחִיו Dt 1:16 Mi 7:2 (v. אָח), אִישׁ … רֵעֵהוּ Gn 11:3, 7 + (v. רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gn 15:10.

†אִישׁ־בֹּ֫שֶׁת S GK n.pr.m. Ishbosheth (for אִישׁ בַּעַל man of Baal v. בֹּשֶׁת, בַּעַל & Di^{ἡ βααλ , June 1881}) 1. son of Saul, & king of Isr., with David as rival 2 S 2:8, 10, 12, 15; 3:8, 14, 15; 4:5, 8⁽⁾, 12, also v 1, 2 G Dr cf. We; = אֶשְׁכָּ֑עַל 1 Ch 8:33; 9:39; cf. also 2. 2 S 23:8, where read אשׁבשׁת for ישׁב בשׁבת so G We Dr; one of Dvd’s heroes; v. יָשָׁבְעָם 1 Ch 11:11; 27:2.

†אִישׁ הוֹד n.pr.m. (man of majesty) a man of Manasseh 1 Ch 7:18.

†אִישׁוֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] pupil of eye (cf. Dl ⁹ Prät^{, Feb. 1884}, but also Arabic إِنْسَانٌ العَيْنِ (˒insānun ˒l-˓ayni), & Nö ^{1886, 739})—א׳ all cstr.—א׳ עַיִן Dt 32:10 Pr 7:2; א׳ בַּת־עַיִן ψ 17:8 (in all, sim. of preciousness); = middle, midst of night בְּא׳ לַיְלָה וְאֲפֵלָה Pr 7:9; בְּא׳ חֹשֶׁךְ 20:20 Kt i.e. in deep darkness (Qr בֶּאֱשׁוּן v. Now).

אִישַׁי S TWOT GK v. יִשַׁי.

אִיתוֹן S TWOT GK Ez 40:15 Qr v. אתיון sub אתה.

אִיתַי S^, TWOT GK, אִיתִיאֵל S GK v. אֵת with.

אִיתָמָר S GK v. אִי sub I. אוה.

אֵיתָן S^, TWOT^, GK^, , אֵתָן v. יתן.

אַךְ S TWOT GK₁₅₉ adv. (perhaps from the same demonstr. root found also in כִּי, כֹּה, כֵּן). 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit; b. in contrast with other ideas generally, only. 1. asseverative, often introducing with emphasis the expression of a truth (or supposed truth) newly perceived, especially in colloquial language, surely, no doubt (doch wohl); Gn 26:9 אַךְ הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא of a surety, lo, she is thy wife! 29:14; 44:28 Ju 3:24; 20:39 1 S 16:6 surely the anointed of י׳ is before him! 25:21 Je 5:4 ψ 58:12; 73:1, 13; but also in other cases, though rarely, Is 34:14, 15 Zp 3:7 ψ 23:6; 139:11; 140:14 Jb 16:7; 18:21; & rather singularly Ex 12:15; 31:13 Lv 23:27, 39 (all P). 2. restrictive: a. in contrast to what precedes, howbeit, yet, but: Gn 9:4 howbeit, flesh with the life thereof … ye shall not eat, 20:12 Ex 21:21 Lv 21:23; 27:26 Nu 18:15, 17 2 S 3:13; Je 10:24 correct me, אַךְ בְּמִשְׁפָּט but with judgment, Jb 2:6; 13:15; sometimes with an advers. force, as Is 14:15; 43:24; before an imper. (minimizing the request), Gn 23:13 only, if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me! 27:13 Ju 10:15 1 S 18:17 1 K 17:13 al. So 1 S 8:9 אַךְ כִּי (v. כִּי 1 d; and cf. πλὴν ὅτι). b. in contrast to other ideas generally:—(α) Gn 7:23; 18:32 אַךְ הַפַּעַם only this once (so Ex 10:17 al.) 34:15 Ex 12:16 (note accents), 1 S 18:8 וְעוֹד לוֹ אַךְ הַמְּלוּכָה and there yet remains for him only the kingdom, 21:5 Isa 45:14 אַךְ בְּךָ אֵל only in thee is God! ψ 62:2 etc. Jb 14:22; ψ 37:8 f fret not thyself אַךְ לְהָרֵעַ (which leadeth) only to do evil, Pr 11:24 he that withholdeth more than is meet אַךְ לְמַחְסוֹר (tendeth) only to penury, 14:23; 21:5; 22:16; (β) attaching itself closely to the foll. word (usually an adj., rarely a verb), only, i.e. exclusively, altogether, utterly Dt 16:15 and thou shalt be אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ altogether rejoicing, 28:29 (cf. v 33 רַק) Isa 16:7 אַךְ נְכָאִים utterly stricken, 19:11 Je 16:19 nought but lies, 32:30 Ho 12:12 Jb 19:13 אַךְ זָרוּ are wholly estranged (with play on אַכְזָר cruel). c. as an adv. of time (with inf. abs.), twice: Gn 27:30 אַךְ יָצֹא יָצָא יַעֲקֹב … וְעֵשָׂו בָּא only just (or scarcely) had Jacob gone out, … and ( = when) Esau came in, Ju 7:19.—וְאַךְ thrice: Gn 9:5 and only (second limitation of v 3); Nu 22:20 but only; Jos 22:19 but howbeit.

Note.—In some passages the affirmative and restrictive senses agree equally with the context; and authorities read the Hebrew differently. Thus only = nought but, altogether, is adopted by Ges Ew Hi De in ψ 23:6; 62:10; 73:1, 13; by Ew Hi De in 39:6, 7 (Che surely); by Ges Ew De in 39:12 (but Hi Che surely); by Ew Hi in 73:18 (De Che surely); by Ges Hi De in 139:11 (Ew doch). Isa 45:14 Ges Ew Hi Di only; but De Che of a truth.

†אַכַּד S GK n.pr.loc. Akkad Gn 10:10 וַתְּהִי רֵאשִׁית מַמְלַכְתּוֹ בָּבֶל וְאֶרֶךְ וְא׳ וְכַלְנֶה בְּאֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָֽר׃; name of a city in Northern (?) Babylonia; = Bab. Akkadi, mostly name of land or district, but also of city, v. Hilpr ^{Freibrief . I, col. ii, l. 50}; location uncertain; on possible identif. or confusion with Agade (Agate, Agane?), city of Sargon I, cf. Dl ¹⁹⁸ & ^{19 f.} COT Gn 10:10 Tiele ^{i.76 f.}

אַכְזָב S TWOT GK, אַכְזִיב S GK v. כזב.

אַכְזָר S TWOT GK, אַכְזָרִי S TWOT GK, אַכְזְרִיּוּת S TWOT GK v. כזר.

אָכִישׁ S GK n.pr.m. king of Gath 1 S 21:11, 12, 13, 15 + 15 times 1 S 27–29 + 1 K 2:39, 40 (perhaps cf. ܐܰܟܬܳܐ (˒akto) anger).

אָכַל S TWOT GK₈₀₆ vb. eat (Arabic أَكَلَ (˒akala), Assyrian akâlu Dl, Aramaic אֲכַל, ܐܶܟܰܠ (˒ekal))—Qal Pf. אָכַל Ex 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה Nu 21:28 +, etc. Impf. יֹאכַל Gn 49:27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל Gn 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכַ֑ל Gn 3:6 +; יֹאכֵ֑ל Lv 21:22 +; אֹכַל Gn 24:33 +; וָֽאֹכַ֫ל 27:33; וְאֹכֵ֑ל Is 44:19; וָֽאֹכֵל Gn 3:12, 13; 3 pl. יֹאכְלוּ Gn 32:33 +; יֹאכֵ֑לוּ Dt 18:8 +; etc. (for יוֹכְלוּ Ez 42:5 read יוצלו, יאצלו G Ew Co); sf. יֹאכְלֶנּוּ Lv 7:6 +; תֹּאכַלְכֶם Is 33:11, etc., prob. also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Jb 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּא׳ (Ew ²⁵³ Di) or textual error (Ges ^{68. 1}) > Pi., Thes Kö^{, 389}; or Po˓el, Ki De MV; Imv. אֱכוֹל 1 K 18:41 +, etc.; Inf. abs. אָכוֹל Gn 2:16 +; cstr. אֲכֹל Nu 26:10 + 2 times; לֶאֱכֹל Gn 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Je 12:9; Pt. אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Gn 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Ex 24:17 +, etc.— 1. eat, human subject Gn 3:11, 18 + often; mostly c. acc. Ex 16:35 +; also sq. מִן־ (eat of,—some of,—or from) Ex 34:15 Ru 2:14 +; sq. בְּ (eat of or at) Ex 12:43 f; abs. Dt 2:6 +; as act of worship Gn 31:54 (cf. 46:1) Ex 18:12; 24:11; 34:15 Dt 12:7, 18; 14:23, 26 Ju 9:27 +; of priests Ex 29:32 Lv 10:13 +; cf. אָכַל אֶל־הֶהָרִים Ez 18:6, 11, 15; 22:9 + 33:25 עַל־הַדָּם Co עַל־הֶהָרִים; (but RS^{. i. 324 N} would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Gn 43:2 (c. כלה) 1 K 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Gn 43:25 Ex 2:20 1 S 20:24 Je 41:1 +; so א׳ alone Gn 43:16 1 S 20:5 +; א׳ לֶחֶם = eat, get food Gn 3:19 2 K 4:8 +; Am 7:12 (i.e. spend one’s life) cf. Ec 5:16; לֹא א׳ ל׳ i.e. fast 1 S 28:20; 30:12 Ezr 10:6 cf. Dn 10:3; fig. א׳ אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֹ Ec 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Je 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Pr 30:20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹא־פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, א׳ בַּטּוֹבָה Jb 21:25; לְפִי אָכְלוֹ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Ex 12:4; 16:16, 18 also v 21; cf. Jb 20:21 & sub אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2 K 19:29 Am 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; fig. of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Pr 1:31; 18:21 Ho 10:13 cf. וַיֹּאכַל גַּם־אָכוֹל אֶת־כַּסְפֵּנוּ Gn 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, cf. Ho 7:9; fig. of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי ψ 102:10 (cf. 80:6 Hiph., & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt^{ASKT 166 f. Obv. l, 21, 22} Zim ^{34, 42}); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Dt 32:38; fig. = destroy Dt 7:16 (cf. Nu 14:9); cf. Je 10:25; 30:16; 50:7 Ho 7:7. 2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gn 37:20, 33; 40:17, 19 1 K 13:28; 14:11; 16:4; 21:23, 24 Ho 2:14 +; specif. of locusts Jo 1:4; 2:25 2 Ch 7:13 cf. Am 4:9; moth Jb 13:28; flies ψ 78:45; worms Dt 28:39; also Ez 19:3, 6 (of Isr. under fig. of lion), cf. Je 50:7, 17; 51:34; also Ho 13:8 (of י׳ under fig. of lion), Ez 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false proph. under fig. of lion). 3. fig. of fire, devour, consume Lv 6:3 sq. 2 acc. consume offering to ashes) Na 3:13 Is 5:24 (in sim.), partic. of fire from י׳ Lv 10:2; 9:24 Ju 9:15 f 1 K 18:38 2 K 1:10, 12, 14 2 Ch 7:1; cf. Am. 1:4, 7, 10, 12, 14; 2:2, 5; 5:6 +; Dt 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of י׳ as fire (in judgment) Dt 4:24 כִּי י׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא cf. Dt 9:3 Is 10:17 (|| בּער) 30:27, 30; 33:14 (|| מוֹקְדֵי עוֹלָם). 4. of sword, devour, slay Dt 32:42 2 S 2:26; 11:25; 18:8 Ho 11:6 Je 2:30 12:12; cf. of devastation of land Is 1:7 Je 8:16. 5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanim. subj.) of drought Gn 31:40; of pestilence Ez 7:15; of forest 2 S 18:8; cf. Lv 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Je 3:24 (v. בֹּשֶׁת). 6. fig. of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Pr 30:14 Hb 3:14 cf. ψ 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת־בְּשָׂרִי ψ 27:2. (cf. Jb 19:22). †Niph. Pf. וְנֶאֱכַל cons. Ex 22:5 Impf. יֵאָכֵל Gn 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Nu 12:12 etc.; Inf. abs. הֵאָכֹל Lv 7:18; 19:7; Pt. f. נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Lv 11:47;— 1. be eaten by man Ex 12:46; 13:3, 7; 21:28; 29:34 Lv 6:9, 16, 19, 23; 7:6, 15, 16⁽⁾, 18; 11:41; 19:6, 7, 23; 22:30 Nu 28:17 Ez 45:21; of custom, usage Gn 6:21 Ex 12:16 Dt 12:22 Jb 6:6; of permission to eat Lv 7:19; 11:13, 34, 47⁽⁾; 17:13; c. neg. be uneatable Je 24:2, 3, 8; 29:17. 2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zp 1:18; 3:8 Zc 9:4 Ez 23:25. 3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Nu 12:12 Je 30:16. Pu. Pf. אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Ne 2:3, 13 cf. Na 1:10 (fig.); so Pt. אֻכָּל ( = מְאֻכָּל Ew ^{169 d}) Ex 3:2; by sword Is 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. †Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. sf. הֶאֱכַלְתָּם ψ 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Is 49:26; sf. וְהַאֲכַלְתֵּיךָ cons. Is 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיךְ Ez 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים cons. Je 19:9; Impf. sf. יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Nu 11:4, 18, etc.; 2 ms. js. תַּאֲכֵל Ex 3:3; 1 s. אוֹכִיל Ho 11:4(?); Imv. הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Pr 25:21. etc.; Inf. לִהָכִיל Ez 21:33 (but Co לההל); Pt. מַאֲכִיל Je 23:15, etc.;— 1. cause to eat, feed with, sq. 2 acc. subj. mostly י׳; Ex 16:32 Dt 8:3, 16 Ez 3:2 Je 19:9; abs. Ho 11:4; cf. Nu 11:4, 18; fig. Je 9:14; 23:15 Is 49:26; 58:14 Ez 16:19; also ψ 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (cf. 102:10 Qal supr.); sq. acc. pers. + מן ψ 81:17, but also subj. man Pr 25:21; 1 K 22:27 2 Ch 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶהֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; sq. acc. pers. only 2 Ch 28:15, cf. Ez 3:3. 2. cause to devour, obj. sword Ez 21:23 (but on text vid. Co).

אֹ֫כֶל S TWOT GK₄₀ n.m. Gn 41:36 food (Arabic أُكْلٌ (˒uklun), Aramaic אוּכְלָא, ܐܽܘܟܠܴܐ (˒uklo), Assyrian akalu Dl, Ethiopic እክል (˒əkl))—א׳ abs. Gn 41:35 +; cstr. Gn 41:35, 48; sf. אָכְלֶ֑ךָ Lv 25:37; אָכְלוֹ Mal 1:12. etc.;—Hex mostly JED, not Ez.—food, food-supply, especially cereals of store in Egypt Gn 41:35⁽⁾ + 12 times Gn 41–44; 47:24 cf. 14:11 (JE); also Lv 11:34; 25:37 (P) Dt 2:6, 28 (D); נֶשֶׁךְ א׳ usury of food Dt 23:20 (D) (|| נ׳ כֶּסֶף, etc.); לְעֵת הָאֹכֶל at meal-time Ru 2:14; †poet. 17 times;—food ψ 107:18; of offerings Mal 1:12; partic. food Jb 12:11 (as tasted); 36:31 (as given by God) so ψ 145:15; א׳ לְהָשִׁיב נָפֶ֑שׁ La 1:11 cf. v 19; especially cereals Pr 13:23 Jo 1:16 Hb 3:17; but also flesh ψ 78:18, 30; of food (prey) of wild animals ψ 104:21 (|| טרף)²⁷; of prey of eagles Jb 9:26; 39:29; ravens 38:41.

†אָכְלָה S TWOT GK₁₇ n.f. food, eating (with some verbal force, cf. Dr ^xi.217) only P, & Ez always לְאָכְלָה, 1. especially in phr. like לָכֶם יִהְיֶה לְאָ׳ Gn 1:29; 6:21; 9:3 Lv 11:39; so 25:6 וְהָיְתָה שַׁבַּת הָאָרֶץ לָכֶם לְאָכְלָה; cf. נָתַן לְא׳ Gn 1:30 Ex 16:15. 2. devouring, by wild beasts, only fig. of ravaged people Ex 29:5 34:5, 8, 10; 39:4, cf. 35:12. 3. consuming, in fire Ez 15:4, 6, of fire-sacrifice of children 23:37; fig. of judgment of י׳ Ez 21:37; (cf. also inf. of אָכַל).

וְאֻכָֿל Pr 30:1 read וָאֵכֶל from I. כלה (v. אִיתִיאֵל).

†אֲכִילָה S TWOT GK n.f. an eating, a meal 1 K 19:8 (on form v. Ba ¹³⁶).

†מַאֲכָל S TWOT GK³⁰ n.m. Ju 14:14 (f. Hb 1:16) food—מ׳ Gn 2:9 + 21 times; cstr. מַאֲכַל Gn 40:7 + 3 times; sf. מַאֲכָֽלְךָ Ez 4:10; מַאֲכָלוֹ Hb 1:16; מַאֲכָלָהּ Pr 6:8; מַאֲכַלְכֶם Dn 1:10—food, in genl. Gn 6:21 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4 Hg 2:12; opp. drink Ezr 3:7 2 Ch 11:11 Dn 1:10; מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה Jb 33:20; fig. of peoples as fishes, food for Chaldeans Hb 1:16; appl. to fruit Gn 2:9; 3:6 (of tree טוֹב לְמ׳) cf. עֵץ־מ׳ Lv 19:23 Dt 20:20 Ne 9:25 Ez 47:12⁽⁾; appl. to דָּגָן Is 62:8 appl.; to honey Ju 14:14; to flour 1 Ch 12:40(41), appos. קֶמַח; to food of ants Pr 6:8 (|| לֶחֶם); to baker’s work Gn 40:17 cf. Ez 4:10; appl. to carcasses, as food for beasts & birds of prey Dt 28:26 ψ 79:2 cf. 44:12 (צֹאן מ׳, sim. of suffering people) Je 7:33; 16:4; 19:7; 34:20 ψ 74:14.

†מַאֲכֶ֫לֶת S TWOT GK n.f. knife (as cutting instrum., or instrument for dividing, making small, cf. S[iegfr.] ^{Nov. 17, ’83}) Ju 19:29; מַאֲכֶלֶ֑ת Gn 22:6, 10, pl. מַאֲכָלוֹת Pr 30:14.

†מַאֲכֹ֫לֶת S TWOT GK n.f. fuel cstr., only מַא׳ אֵשׁ Is 9:4, 18.

†מַכֹּ֫לֶת S TWOT GK n.f. food-stuff, consisting in חִטִּים, 1 K 5:25 (on form v. Bö ⁴¹⁵ Sta ^{112 a. 2}) so read also || 2 Ch 2:9 (MT מַכּוֹת).

†אָכֵן S TWOT GK^, (perhaps from אַךְ; cf. Aramaic דֵּךְ & דִּכֵּן) adv. with strong asseverative force: a. surely, truly, especially at beginning of a speech (stronger & more decided than אַךְ) Gn 28:16 Ex 2:14 1 S 15:32 Is 40:7; 45:15 Je 3:23⁽⁾; 4:10; 8:8. In 1 K 11:2 אָכֵן stands unusually; and פֶּן־ (cf. G S T should prob. be read (so Klo). b. emphasizing a contract, but indeed, but in fact, especially after אָמַרְתִּי I said or thought, expressing the reality, in opp. to what had been wrongly imagined, Is 49:4b (opp. to v 4a) 53:4 (opp. to v 3 end) Je 3:20 (opp. to the expectation v 19b) Zp 3:7b ψ 31:23b (opp. to v 23a) 66:19 82:7 (opp. to v 6) Jb 32:8 (opp. to v 7).

†אָכַף S TWOT GK vb. press, urge (Mish. id., Aramaic ܐܶܟܰܦ (˒ekap) be urgent, cf. ܐܽܘܟܦܳܐ (˒ukpo), Arabic إِكَافٌ (˒ikāfun) saddle);—Qal Pf. Pr 16:26 א׳ עָלָיו פִּ֑יהוּ (|| נֶפֶשׁ עָמֵל עָֽמְלָה לוֹ) i.e. his hunger impels him to work.

†[אֶ֫כֶף S TWOT GK] n.m. pressure, sf. אַכְפִּי Jb 33:7 (G al. read כַּפִּי cf. 13:21, but cf. Di).

אכר TWOT (Arabic أَكَرَ (˒akara) dig, till the ground).

†אִכָּר S TWOT GK n.m. Jo 1:11 ploughman, husbandman (Arabic أَكَّارٌ (˒akkārun), Aramaic ܐܰܟܳܪܳܐ (˒akoro), אִיכָּרָא, cf. Mish.) א׳ sg. abs. Je 51:23 ( + וְעִמְדּוֹ) Am 5:16; pl. אִכָּרִים Je 14:4; 31:24(23) (|| וְנָֽסְעוּ בָעֵדֶר) 2 Ch 26:10 (|| כֹּרְמִים) Jo 1:11 (|| id.), אִכָּרֵיכֶם Is 61:5 (|| id.)

אַכְשָׁף S GK v. II כשף.

I. אַל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} (= اَلْ (˒al), Arabic article, preserved perhaps in following words derived by Hebrews from (or through) Arabic-speaking tribes; cf. Eng. algebra, Alhambra, alkali, alcohol, alcove, etc.)

†אֶלְגָּכִישׁ n.[m.] hail (= Arabic أَلْجِبْسُ (˒al-jibsu) gypsum; cf. sub גדשׁ) אַדְנֵי א׳ Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22.

†אַלְגּוּמִים S TWOT GK n.[m.] pl. a tree (foreign & obscure) always with עֲצֵי:—2 Ch 2:7 וְאַ׳ עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים בְּרוֹשִים (from Lebanon); עֲצֵי אַ׳ 2 Ch 9:10 (|| אֶבֶּן יְקָרָה; both from Ophir); cf. v 11. vid. foll.

†אַלְמֻגִּים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. id. עֲצֵי אַלְמֻגּים 1 K 10:11, 12 (from Ophir); ע׳ הָא׳ 1 K 10:12.

†אַלְמוֹדָר n.pr. of South-Arabic people (but prob. read אֵל (Sab., god) for אַל, cf. Di Gn 10:26, & Gl ^{ii. 280. 425. 435} God is loved) Gn 10:26 1 Ch 1:20.

†אַלְקוּם S TWOT^, GK band of soldiers (= Arabic القَومُ (˒l-qawmu), people; so E. Castle, Thes etc., cf. Che^{Job & Sol. 175}; > textual error for אֱלֹהִים Hi cf. Now) Pr 30:31.

†אֶלְתּוֹלַד S GK n.pr.loc. (cf. תּוֹלַד sub ילד) city in southern Judah Jos 15:30; 19:4; cf. also תּוֹלָ֑ד (q.v.) 1 Ch 4:29.

II. אַל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} adv. of negation (so Ph. e.g. CIS i.^3,4.5.8, Biblical Aramaic, Sab. (DHM ^{1875, 596}), and in the Ethiopic አልቦ (˒albo) albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא, οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μν́), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition: a. (a) with a verb, which is then always an impf. (never an imperative), by preference in the cohort. or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gn 15:1 and often אַל־תִּירָא fear not! 22:12 אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַל־תְּהִי־בוֹ and let not our hand be upon him, 21:16 אַל־אֶרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! ψ 25:2 אַל־אֵבוֹשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 pl. (rare) 2 S 13:25 Je 18:18 Jon 1:14. In an imprecation: Gn 49:4 אַל־תּוֹתַר have not thou the excellency! ψ 109:12 Jb 3:4, 6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא: Gn 13:8 18:3 al. (b) without a verb, (α) 2 S 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Is 62:6 ψ 83:2. (β) used absol., in deprecation Gn 19:18 2 S 13:16 (v. sub אוֹדָה) 2 K 3:13; 4:16; 6:27 (v. RVm: but possibly to be expl. by Dr ^{152 iii}; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew ^355b) Ru 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, cf. Ju 19:23; (γ) after a preceding imper. A, 5:14 Jo 2:13 Pr 8:10, a juss. 27:2, an inf. abs. 17:12. (c) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (v. Dr ^56–8); Is 2:9 וְאַל־תִּשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), ψ 41:3 Pr 3:25 Jb 5:22; ψ 34:6 (but G S Ew Che here read וּפְנֵיכֶם, prob. rightly); 50:3a may our God come וְאַל־יֶ֫חֱרָ֥שׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene v 2, 3b–c) 121:3 (contrast v 4 לֹא) Je 46:6 +., b. once Pr 12:28 joined closely to a subst. (cf. לֹא 2b): In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway thereof אַל־מָוֶת there is no-death!; but error for אֶל־ ‘unto’ Capp G B T B. c. once Jb 24:25 used poet. as a subst., And bring my words לְאַל to nought!—N.B. 1 S 27:10 הַיּוֹם אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּם, אַל with the pf. is against all analogy; and either אֶל־מִי (with G B), or better אָן whither? (with S T: v. 1 S 10:14) must be read.

אֶל S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} (nearly always followed by Makkeph), poet. אֱלֵי (cf. עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (†3:22; 5:26; 15:22; 29:19), with suff. אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often), once אֵלֵימוֹ ψ 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Ex 1:19 (Arabic إِلَى (˒ilā)), prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental). 1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gn 2:19, 22; 3,19; 8:9; 14:22; 16;9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא, etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gn 21:14; 35:4 Dt 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Gn 37:36, etc. Metaph. Je 2:19 וְלֹאפַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (cf. Jb 31:23).—Peculiarly Gn 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaph. in the phrase אֶל־(אֱלֵי־)גִּיל unto exultation †Ho 9:1 Jb 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera l.) = even: Jb 5:5 וְאֶל־מִצִּנִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Is 66:17 Je 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Nu 25:1 Ez 16:26, 28, 29; דָּרַשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (sc. for oracles) Dt 18:11 Is 8:19; 11:10 +; אֶל חָבַר join together (& come) unto Gn 14:3; הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to 19:27; 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֶל made to kneel down at; 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5 Mi 7:17. Opp. is מִן, as מִן־הַקָּצֶה אֶל־הַקָּצֶה from end to end Ex 26:28; מִפֶּה אֶל־פֶּה Ezr 9:11 (syn. 2 K 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶל־עֵת †1 Ch 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֶל־יוֹם †Nu 30:15 (P) 1 Ch 16:23 (in the || ψ 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gn 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark 7:1; 19:3; 41:21; 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶל־בֵּית הַסֹּהֵר put him into the prison house, Ex 28:30 (Lv 8:8) Dt 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Gn 23:19; 25:9; 49:29; שָׂחַט to squeeze 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Nu 5:23, etc.; metaph. Gn 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶל־לֵב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to) heart Dt 4:39 2 S 19:20 al. In connexion with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 S 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶל־הַכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Je 4:3 sow not אֶל־קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything: (a) of physical acts or states, as Gn 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצֹּאן אֶל, 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Ex 25:20, Nu 6:26 נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2 K 9:32 differently), 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Jos 8:18 ψ 28:2 1 K 8:29, 30 (to pray towards) v 38; pregn. חָרַד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gn 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to wonder (turning) towards Gn 43:33 Is 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Je 36:16: without a vb. פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים face to face Gn 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶל־פֶּה Nu 12:8; כִּי־אֵינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gn 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; עֵינֵי י׳ אֶל־פ׳ the eyes of י׳ are towards … ψ 34:16 (cf. 33:18). (b) with words such as אָמַר to say to Gn 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר 8:15 + often, קָרָא 19:5, הִהְפַּלֵּל 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to 12:15 (cf. Ez 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר 40:14. (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait ψ 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Is 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Dt 24:15 ψ 25:1; שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Ex 9:21 al.; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Je 10:2; חָרַד אֶל to shew thought for 2 K 4:13; Gn 43:30; Dt 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, La 4:17; Is 63:15 2 S 3:8 1 K 14:13 ψ 40:6; alone, as predic., directed or disposed towards, Gn 3:16; 4:7 2 K 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Ho 3:3 וְגַם־אֲנִי אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ Ez 36:9 Ho 2:17 Je 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gn 4:8 וַיָּקָם ק׳ אֶל־הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 S 24:8) 22:12 Ex 14:5 Nu 32:14; with נִקְבַּץ Jos 10:6, הָלַךְ Ju 1:10; 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gn 42:21 Ju 9:57 1 S 2:34 1 K 14:10 +; Is 2:4; 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֶל־י׳ 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Ho 7:15 (cf. Na 1:9) 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶל־מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in partic. the phrace הִנְנִי אֶל … Behold I am against (thee, you etc.) †Na 2:14; 3:5 Je 21:13 (23:30–32 על) 50:31; 51:25 Ez 13:8, 20; 21:8; 29:10; 30:22; 34:10; 35:3; 38:3; 39:1 (5:8; 26:3; 28:22; 29:3 על: on 36:9 v. supr.)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lv 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Jos 13:22 (|| Nu 31:8 על; 1 S 14:34 to eat אֶל־הַדָּם together with the blood (v 32 & generally עַל); 1 K 10:7 הוֹסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Je 25:26; Ez 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה (|| על); 44:7; La 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶל־כַּפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (cf. إِلَى (˒ilā), Qor 4:2; W ^{ii. § 51 c}).

6. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of: thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1 S 15:35; הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2 S 24:16; דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1 K 14:5; הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1 S 1:27 2 K 19:20 Is 37:21; צָעַק to cry 2 K 8:3 (v 5 על); נֶעֱצַב be pained 1 S 20:34; נִחַם to comfort 2 S 10:2; more gen. 1 K 16:13; 21:22; אֶל־נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one’s life 1 K 19:3 2 K 7:7 (Gn 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר