†[אָלַח S TWOT GK] vb. only Niph. be corrupt morally; tainted (Che ψ 14:3) (cf. Arabic أَلَخَ (˒alaḫa) viii. be confused (of a thing), of milk, turn sour) Pf. 3 pl. נֶאֱלָ֑חוּ ψ 14:3; 53:4; Pt. נֶאֱלָח a corrupt man Jb 15:16.

אֻלַי Gn 24:39 v. אוּלַי.

†אֱלִישָׁה S GK n.pr.loc. as son of Javan Gn 10:4 1 Ch 1:7; אִיֵּי א׳ Ez 27:7 (Aeolis Josephus Jer Kn; H. Derenbourg^{Mélanges Graux, 235 f ( Oct. 1887, 7)}; Hellas T Jon etc., Len^{Orig. ii. 2. 34 f}; Italy, with Sicily, cf. מְדִינַת אִיטַלְיָא T Ezek, Di Gn 10:4; Carthage = Elissa, Sta^{De Populo Javan, 8 f}; E. Meyer ^{i. § 282}; decision difficult; last view very attractive).

I. [אלל TWOT^, ] (to be weak or insufficient, assumed in Thes as root of אֱלִיל) (as also of אַל): cf. Arabic أَلَا (˒alā) to fail in a thing).

†II. אֱלוּל S^, TWOT^, GK^, Je 14:14 Kt, i.q. אֱלִיל, q.v.

†אֱלִיל S TWOT GK n.m. (etym. uncertain: most prob. akin to Syriac ܐܰܠܻܝܠ (˒alil) weak, feeble, poor; perhaps also in usage [cf. b.] felt to suggest אַל not; cf. Che on Is 2:8) insufficiency, worthlessness. a. Zc 11:17 רֹעִי הָאֱלִיל the shepherd of worthlessness = the worthless shepherd, Jb 13:4 רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל worthless physicians (|| טֹפְלֵי־שֶׁקֶר), Je 14:14 Qr concr. a thing of nought (uttered by prophets), but here קֶסֶם אֱלִיל a worthless divin. (|| חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר, תַּרְמִית לִבָּם) should perhaps be read (cf. Gf). b. especially pl. אֱלִילִים concr. worthless gods, idols (cf. הֲבָלִים) (possibly orig. an indep. word = gods, cf. Sab. אלאלת, & v. Nö ^{1882, p. 1191}, but even if so, associated by the prophets with idea of worthlessness, & used by them in iron. contrast with אֵלִים, אֱלֹהִים) Lv 19:4 (not to be made) 26:1 (both H), Is 2:8, 18, 20⁽⁾ (of silver & gold), 10:10 מַמְלְכֹת הָאֱלִיל (coll.) kingdoms of idolatrous worthlessness, v 11; 19:1, 3 (of Egypt) 31:7⁽⁾ Ez 30:13 (Egypt), Hb 2:18 א׳ אִלְּמִים dumb idols, ψ 96:5 ( = 1 Ch 16:26) all the gods of the nations are א׳ vain, worthless gods 97:7.

II. אלל TWOT^, (√ assumed for following words).

†אַלָּה S TWOT GK n.f. oak (cf. אַלּוֹן, but G here τερέμινθος) only Jos 24:26 the oak which is in the sanctuary of י׳; read however perhaps אֵלָה, terebinth (v. i. אֵלָה).

†אַלּוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Gn 35:8 oak (G βάλανος, δρῦς, etc.)—א׳ abs. Gn 35:8 +; cstr. ib.; pl. אַלּוֹנִים Am 2:9 Ez 27:6; cstr. אַלּוֹנֵי Is 2:13 Zc 11:2;—as marking grave of Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse Gn 35:8 (E); whence called oak of weeping, א׳ בָּכוּת ib. (v. Di ad loc., & sub אֵלוֹן p. 18); elsewhere only in prophets; as marking illicit shrines Ho 4:13 (|| לִבְנֶה, אֵלָה); as felled Is 6:13 (in sim.; || אֵלָה); as furnishing material for making idols Is 44:14 (|| אֶרֶז, תִּרְזָה, אֹרֶן); as sim. for strength (חסן) Am 2:9; also אַלּוֹנֵי הַבָּשָׁן Is 2:13 (as lofty & majestic), cf. Ez 27:6 (as strong, for making oars); Zc 11:2, metaph. of prominent men.

†אַלּוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. (oak) a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:37 (on Jos 19:33 v. אֵלוֹן p. 18).

†אַלַּמֶּלֶךְ S GK n.pr.loc. in Asher (= אַלַּת מֶלָךְ? so Thes MV) Jos 19:26 (Baer אֲלַמּ׳).

†אַלְלַי S TWOT GK interj. (prob. onomatop.: cf. أَلَّ (˒alla), אָלָה, ܐܶܠܴܐ (˒elo) to wail, አሌ (˒alle) woe! Di ⁷¹⁸) alas! woe! sq. לִי to me Mi 7:1 Jb 10:15.

†[אָלַם S TWOT GK^, ] vb. bind (perhaps cf. Assyrian [alāmu], alamattu, fortress Dl in Zim ¹¹⁴ & in BD Ezek.^xi; Arabic أَلِمَ (˒alima) be in pain, Aramaic ܐܶܠܰܡ (˒elam) retain anger). Niph. (be bound = ) be dumb, Pf. 3 fs. נֶאֱלָמָ֑ה Is 53:7; וְנֶאֱלַמְתָּ֫ Ez 3:26, etc.; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּאָלֵם Ez 24:27; 3 fpl. תֵּאָלַמְנָה ψ 31:19.— 1. be dumb, i.e. silent ψ 39:3 נ׳ דוּמִיָּה (|| הֶחֱשֵׁיתִי); cf. v 10 (|| לֹא אֶפְתַּח־פִּי); sim. of sheep Is 53:7 (|| id.); be dumb, i.e. unable to speak Ez 3:26 (result of וּלְשׁוֹנְךָ אַדְבִּיק אֶל־חִכֶּ֑ךָ) cf. 24:27 יִפָּתַח פִּיךָ … וּתְדַבֵּר וְלֹא תֵאָלֵם עוֹד; 33:22 וַיִּפָּתַח פִּי וְלֹא נֶאֱלַמְתִּי עוֹד; also Dn 10:15 (cf. v 16). 2. be made dumb subj. שִׂפְתֵי שָׁ֑קֶר lying lips ψ 31:19 (|| יִדְּמוּ לִשְׁאוֹל v 18). Pi. Pt. bind Gn 37:7⁽⁾ (E) מְאַלְּמִים אֲלֻמִּים binding sheaves.

†[אֲלֻמָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. sheaf, in Joseph’s dream Gn 37:7⁽⁾ (E) sq. sf. אֲלֻמָּתִי, pl. אֲלֻמִּים, אֲלֻמֹּתֵיכֶם; also ψ 126:6 אֲלֻמֹּתָיו (in fig. of ret. from captivity).

†אֵ֫לֶם S TWOT GK n.[m.] silence, ψ 56:1 (title) vid. Ol De, in name of melody עַל־יוֹנַת אֵלֶם רְחֹקִים; also ψ 58:2 ( = adv. in silence?) but read אֵלִ(י)ם Ol De Che, etc.

†אִלֵּם S TWOT GK adj. dumb, unable to speak; Ex 4:11 מִי שָׂם פֶּה לָֽאָדָם אוֹ מִי יָשׂוּם אִלֵּם; Is 56:10 כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים fig. of false proph.; of idols אֱלִילִים א׳ Hb 2:18; as subst. Pr 31:8 ψ 38:14 Is 35:6.

אֻלָּם v. iii. אוּלָם p. 19. אֻלָם v. אוּלָם p. 17.

אֵלָם v. אֵילָם s. II. אול. אַלְמֻגִּים v. s. I. אל.

†אַלְמָן S TWOT GK^, adj. widowed, of Israel Je 51:5 (sq. מֵאֱלֹהִים).

†אַלְמֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] widowhood, fig. of Babylon Is 47:9 (|| שְׁכוֹל, cf. v 8; vid. Ba ⁵⁹).

†אַלְמָנָה S TWOT GK₅₄ n.f. widow (Mish. id., Assyrian alamattu Dl in Zim ¹¹⁴)—א׳ Gn 38:11 +; no cstr.; pl. אַלְמָנוֹת Ex 22:23 +; pl. sf. אַלְמְנֹתָיו Jb 27:15, etc.—widow 1 K 17:20; אִשָּׁה אַ׳ 2 S 14:5 (|| וַיָּ֫מָת אִישִׁי) 1 K 7:14; 11:26; 17:9, 10; Gn 38:11 (J; living in father’s house) cf. Lv 22:13 (H; || גְּרוּשָׁה); 21:14 (H), where widow forbidden as wife of h. p., like גְּרוּשָׁה, חֲלָלָה, זֹנָה cf. Ez 44:22⁽⁾ (id. of all priests, except widow of priest); Nu 30:10 (P; of widow’s vow, || גְּרוּשָׁה); נְשֵׁיכֶם אַלְמָנוֹת = ye shall be slain Ex 22:23 (|| בְּנֵיכֶם יְתֹמִים) cf. ψ 109:9 Je 15:8; 18:21 Ez 22:25, also La 5:3 (sim.); of those snatched away by pestilence אַלְמְנוֹתָיו לֹא תִבְכֶּינָה Jb 27:15; by sword, id., ψ 78:64; G We read אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת 2 S 20:3 (v. אַלְמָנוּת infr.) of imprisoned concubines; fig. of Jerusalem La 1:1; Babylon Is 47:8; especially widow as helpless, exposed to oppression & harsh treatment (often || יָתוֹם, & גֵּר); Is 1:23; 10:2 Jb 22:9; 24:3; 31:16 ψ 94:6 Mal 3:5; harshness forbidden, & care for them enjoined Ex 22:21 (E) Dt 14:29; 16:11, 14; 24:17, 19, 20, 21; 26:12, 13; 27:19 Is 1:17 Je 7:6; 22:3 Zc 7:10, cf. Jb 29:13; under especially care of God Dt 10:18 Je 49:11 Pr 15:25 ψ 68:6; 146:9; once of severity of judgment in not sparing widow Is 9:16. (אַל׳ Is 13:22 vid. sub אַרְמוֹן; Ez 19:7 vid. ib.)

†[אַלְמָנוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. widowhood (Mish. id., Ph. אלמת) sf. בִּגְדֵי אַלְמְנוּתָהּ her widow’s garments Gn 38:14, 19; cstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת 2 S 20:3 (of David’s imprisoned concubines; but text impossible; G We אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת, cf. Dr; Klo thinks gloss); fig. of Jerusalem Is 54:4 אַלְמְנוּתַיִךְ.

†אַלְמֹנִי S TWOT GK adj. some one, a certain (name unspoken); מְקוֹם פְּלֹנִי א׳ 1 S 21:3 2 K 6:8; פ׳ א׳ alone, of person, = such-an-one, so-and-so Ru 4:1.

†אֶלָּסָר S GK n.pr.loc. Ellasar Gn 14:1, 9 ( = Bab. Larsa, mod. Senkereh, c. 28 miles NE. from Ur; cf. Loft ^{240 f} Dl^{223 f} Tiele ^{i. 86}, COT^{ad loc.}).

†I. [אָלַף S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. learn (Arabic أَلِفَ (˒alifa) keep, cleave to, become familiar with; Aramaic אֲלַף, ܝܺܠܶܦ (yilep), learn, ܐܰܠܶܦ (˒alep), Pa teach). Qal Impf. 2 ms. תֶּאְלַף אֹרְחֹתָו֯ Pr 22:25; Pi. teach, sq. acc. יְאַלֵּף פִּיךָ Jb 15:5 (subj. עֲוֹנְךָ); so Pt. מַלְּפֵנוּ (for מְאַלְּ׳ Sta ^{111, 3} Kö^{, 388} Ge^{§ 68} , cf. Ew ^{73 b}) Jb 35:11; sq. 2 acc. אֲאַלֶּפְךָ חָכְמָה Jb 33:33.

†i. [אֶ֫לֶף S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, , ,} ] n.m. ψ 8:8; only pl. cattle (Ph. אלף, Assyrian alpu, COT)—אֲלָפִים Pr 14:4 Is 30:24 used in tillage; subject to man ψ 8:8 (|| צֹנֶה); their increase שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ a blessing Dt 7:13; 28:4, 18, 51 (|| all עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

†i. אַלּוּף S TWOT^, GK^, adj. tame—א׳ abs. Mi 7:5 +; cstr. Pr 2:17 +; sf. אַלּוּפִי ψ 55:14; pl. אַלֻּפִים Je 13:21, sf. אַלּוּפֵינוּ ψ 144:14, etc.;— 1. tame, docile, כֶּבֶשׂ אַלּוּף a docile (gentle) lamb Je 11:19. 2. n.m. friend, intimate ψ 55:14 (|| מְיֻדָּע) Mi 7:5 (|| רֵעַ) Pr 16:28; 17:9 Je 13:21; of a woman’s husband א׳ נְעוּרֶיהָ Pr 2:17; fig. of י׳ as husband of Judah, id., Je 3:4. 3. i.q. 1. אֶלֶף; אַלּוּפֵינוּ מְסֻבָּלִים ψ 144:14 (i.e. cows).

II. אֶ֫לֶף S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, , ,} n.m. Ju 6:15 thousand (אלף MI, SI, Sab. DHM ^{1875, 615}; Arabic أَلْفٌ (˒alfun), Aramaic ܐܳܠܶܦ (˒olep), אֲלַף, אלפיא; cf. Ethiopic እልፍ (˒əlf) mille, myrias).—(אָ֑׳)א׳ Gn 20:16 +; sf. אַלְפִּי †Ju 6:15; du. אַלְפַּיִם Nu 4:36 +; pl. אֲלָפִים Ex 18:21 +; cstr. אַלְפֵי Ex 32:28 +; אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13 + 2 times; אֲלָפָיו Qr 1 S 18:7 + 2 times (Kt ־פו)—a thousand. 4. numeral: a. used with noun alone; mostly before noun Nu 35:4 Jos 7:3 Ne 3:13 1 Ch 18:4 +; after noun (late) 1 Ch 12:35 + 6 times Ch Ezr Ne; א׳ בָּאַמָּה Nu 35:5⁽⁾ Ez 47:3 (del. Co); the noun always pl. when preceding, sometimes when following, 1 S 25:2 1 K 3:4 2 K 18:23 = Is 36:8 2 Ch 30:24 ψ 90:4 Jb 42:12 Ec 6:6; elsewhere sg. אישׁ Ju 9:49; 15:15, 16 Jos 7:3 +; אַמָּה Nu 35:4 + (so SI); דּוֹר Dt 7:9 +, cf. 1 Ch 18:4; 19:6 2 K 15:19 Jb 42:12 Ct 4:4 Is 7:23, noun sometimes coll.; א׳ pl. cstr. Mi 6:7 ψ 119:72 Gn 24:60; noun not expr. (or not fully) Gn 20:16 Nu 31:5, 6 +; distrib. אֶלֶף … אֶלֶף Nu 31:4; multipl. Dt 1:11 א׳ פְּעָמִים; indef. for great no. (pl.) Ex 20:6; 34:7 Dt 5:10 Je 32:18, (sg.) Dt 32:30 Ec 6:6 +. b. א׳ + other num. usually precedes it Ex 38:25 + often; but foll. רִבּוֹא Ezr 2:64 + 2 times; it follows also smaller no. Nu 3:50 1 K 5:12 (so SI); the noun foll. in sg. Ex 38:25 + 8 times; pl. 2 S 8:4 + 2 times; noun precedes, in pl. (late) Dn 12:12 + 2 times; noun not expr. Ex 38:28 + often c. א׳ × other no. always foll. Ex 12:37 +; usual order is no. × א׳ + additional no. (if any) + noun (ifexpr.) Nu 31:52 Ju 20:35 cf. Ex 12:37 2 K 3:4⁽⁾ +; less often noun + no. × א׳ Nu 31:33 1 K 8:63 +; (other combin. v. Ex 38:26 Nu 26:51; 31:32 Ez 48:30 1 Ch 29:7 etc.); א׳ usually sg. Nu 11:21 +; except after units, where pl. abs. Nu 1:46 Ju 20:34 + (so MI); seld. pl. cstr. Ex 32:28 Ju 4:10 Jb 1:3⁽⁾; (noun mostly sg. when foll. Ju 4:10 1 K 12:21 +, yet pl. Jos 4:13 1 S 13:5 +; when preceding it is pl. 1 Ch 5:21 +, or coll. Nu 31:33 1 S 25:2 1 K 8:63 2 Ch 7:5 + ); אֶלָף אֲלָפִים 1 Ch 21:5; 22:14 2 Ch 14:8; אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן ψ 68:18, cf. שִׁנְאָן; בְּהַרְרֵי אָ֑לֶף ψ 50:10, read אֵל cf. ψ 36:7, Ol Bi Che; yet v. Hup De.—Note. 10,000 = עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים etc. Ju 1:4; 3:29 1 K 5:28 1 Ch 29:7 +; less often רִבּוֹ, רְבָבָה etc. q.v. 5. a thousand, a company of 1000 men, as united under one superior, or leader, hence שַׂר א׳ (שָׂרֵי) Ex 18:21, 25 cf. Nu 31:14 +; cf. רָאשֵׁי א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Nu 1:16; 10:4 Jos 22:21, 30 & v. infr.; cf. also 1 S 29:2; especially family, etc. Ju 6:15 1 S 10:19 (|| שֵׁבֶט & cf. מִשְׁפַּחַת v 21); cf. Mi 5:1;—Nu 10:36 (רִבְבוֹת אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵלֹ) 31:5 Jos 22:14 1 S 23:23 apparently shew transit. to this technical use.

iii. אֶ֫לֶף S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, , ,} n.pr.loc. city in Benj., הָא׳ Jos 18:28; perhaps Lifta NW. from Jerus. Survey^{iii. 18}.

†ii. [אָלַף S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb.denom.

ii. אַלּוּף S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. 1 Ch 1:51 chief, chiliarch (denom. from ii. אֶלֶף v. Di Gn 36:15)—א׳ abs. Gn 36:15 +; pl. cstr. אַלּוּפֵי (אַלֻּפֵי) Ex 15:15 +; sf. אַלּוּפֵיהֶם Gn 36:19, 30—chief (tribal) of Edom Gn 36:15 (5 times) + 38 times Gn 36 (P); Ex 15:15 (E) 1 Ch 1:51 (4 times) + 9 times; of Judah Zc 12:5, 6; so אַלֻּף 9:7 (in sim.)

ii. [אָלַף S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. denom. Hiph. ψ 144:13 מַאֲלִיפוֹת producing thousands (subj. צֹאן).

†[אָלַץ S TWOT GK] vb. Pi. urge (Aramaic ܐܶܠܰܨ (˒elaṣ), Sam. ארצ# (˒rץ)) 3 fs. וַתְּאַלַצֵהוּ Ju 16:16 (|| הֵצִיקָה לוֹ בִדְבָרֶיהָ).

אַלְקוּם S TWOT^, GK v. I. אַל.

†אֶלְקֹשִׁי S GK adj.gent. c. art. Nahum the Elkoshite Na 1:1 (perhaps = from Elkosh, but locality unknown; identified by Jer with a village Elcesi in Galilee; cf. also Capernaum ( = כְּפַר נַחוּם?) Elkosh near Mosul improbable; on etymol., and site of place, v. Da^{Nahum, etc., 9 ff.} GASm^{Twelve Proph. ii. 79f.}).

אֶלְתּוֹלָד v. sub I. אַל (p. 39).

†אֶלְתְּקֵא S GK, אֶלְתְּקֵה S GK n.pr.loc. Levitical city in the tribe of Dan, between Ekron & Timna, Assyrian Altaku (COT) Jos 19:44; 21:23.

†אֶלְתְּקןֹ n.pr.loc. a city in the tribe of Judah north of Hebron Jos 15:59.

אִם S TWOT GK conj. (= Aramaic ܐܶܢ (˒en) if [and in ܐܶܠܴܐ (˒elo), אֶלָּא = ܐܶܢ ܠܴܐ (˒en lo) if not, except], Arabic إِنْ (˒in) if [and in إِلَّا (˒illā) = إِنْ لَا (˒in lā) if not, except], Ethiopic እመ (˒əmma) (ĕmma) if = מָה + אִם (إِنْ + مَا (˒in + mā)) [and in አላ (˒allā) (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian šumma; SAr. hm; Arabic أَمْ (˒am) (Lat. an?) = أَاِمْ (˒a˒im), cf. הַאִם: v. Nö ^{p. 208, 1886, p. 739}; W ^{i. § 367 e} T ^Jon. אִם, T^Hag אין.)

1. hypoth. part. if. a. construction (v. more fully Dr ^{136–138, 143} Friedrich ^{Die Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884}): (1) with impf. (continued by pff. & waw consec.; apod. usually begins with pf. & waw consec. or bare impf.; or, if necess., with imper. or juss.) (a) of future time: Gn 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc., 24:8; 32:9 Dt 19:8 f. 1 K 1:52 b; 6:12 ψ 89:31—33; Gn 42:37 Ju 13:16 1 K 1:52 a ψ 132:12. (b) of past time (rare, but classical): Gn 31:8 אִם יֹאמַר if ever he said … וְיָֽלְדוּ then they used to bear, etc., Ex 40:37; & in the protestations Jb 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with pff., v. infr., & with jussives in apod.) (c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with impf. in both clauses, like the double opt. in Greek), if, though: Gn 13:16 so that אִם־יוּכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָּנֶה might be numbered, Nu 22:18 Is 1:18 אִם־יִהְיוּ ח׳ כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow, Am 9:2–4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheôl, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them, ψ 27:3; 139:8 +. (2) with pt. (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apod. as 1 a) Gn 24:42, 49 Ju 6:36 ( + ישׁ) 9:15; 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back וְנָתַן י׳ then י׳ will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Gn 44:26 Ex 22:2 1 S 20:8; 23:23; & with no explicit copula Dt 22:2; 25:2 Lv 1:3, 14, etc. (3) with perf. (a) of fut. or pres. time (continued by pff. & waw consec.: apod. as 1 a) Gn 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשַׂמְתָּם then make them, etc., Ju 16:17 2 S 15:33 2 K 7:4 ψ 41:7; 94:18 Jb 7:4; 9:30 f. 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Gn 18:3 al. v. נָא. (b) of past time, whether (α) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the pf. is here continued by the impf. and waw consec.; apod. begins as before). (4)(a) Ju 9:16–19 אִם … עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king …, 1 S 26:19; especially in protestations, as ψ 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זאת if I have done this …, let the enemy pursue my soul, etc. Je 33:25 f. Jb 31:5 f., 9, etc. (b) Nu 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעֹל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc., 15:24; 35:22–24. (c) with bare pf. in apod., in sense of If … had …, only Dt 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that …, ψ 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.) (5) with inf. once (si vera l.) Jb 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (lit. if (there is) my saying).—Note that the vb. following אִם is often strengthened by the inf. abs., as Ex 15:26; 19:5; 21:5; 22:3, 12, 16, 22 Ju 11:30; 14:12; 16:11 etc.; cf. Dr ^{i. 20, 6}.

b. Special uses: (1) repeated אִם … אִם whether … or (sive … sive) Ex 19:13 Dt 18:3 2 S 15:21; similarly אִם … וְאִם Gn 31:52 Je 42:6 Ez 2:5 Ec 11:3; 12:14 (cf. ܐܶܢ (˒en) … ܐܶܢ, ܘܶܐܢ (˒en, wen) … ܐܢ (˒n) PS²⁵⁰; وَإِنْ (wa˒in) … إِنْ (˒in) & وَإِمَّا (wa˒immā) … إِمَّا (˒immā)); cf. Pr 2:3.

(2) After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of impreacation being omitted) becomes an emph. negative, and אִם־לֹא an emph. affirmative: 2 S 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (cf. the full phrases in 1 S 3:17 2 K 6:31) Gn 14:23; 42:15 Nu 14:23 1 S 3:14; 19:6 2 K 2:2; 3:14 & often; Is 22:14 ψ 89:36; 95:11 Jb 6:28; אִם־לֹא Nu 14:28 Jos 14:9 1 K 20:23 2 K 9:26 Is 5:9; 14:24 Je 15:11; 49:20 Jb 1:11 + especially Ez; after a neg. clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Gn 24:38 (where the expl. by Aramaic אֶלָּא is not supported by Heb. usage), cf. Je 22:6. Repeated, אִם … וְאִם 2 S 20:20 2 K 3:14 Is 62:8 Je 38:16; Ez 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd ps.) = that not Gn 21:23; 26:29; 31:50 1 S 24:22 1 K 1:51 Ct 2:7; 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 S 25:34 as י׳ liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened …, נוֹתַר כִּי אִם that surely there had not been left …! 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדָֽעְתִּי if I know it! 1 K 17:12; 18:10—both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי in 1 K 17:12 introduces the fact sworn to, & need not be translated; so 2 S 3:35: v. כִּי); ψ 131:2 אִם־לֹא (after a neg. clause: cf. supr. Gn 24:38). Cf. Str ⁹⁰.

(3) Part. of wishing, if but …! oh that …! (rare) ψ 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! 95:7; 139:19 Pr 24:11 1 Ch 4:10. Cf. Ex 32:32. With imv. (si vera l.) Jb 34:16 וְאִם־בִּֽינָה; and with an anacoluthon, Gu 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שְמָעֵנִי if thou!—oh that thou wouldst hear me!

(4) Nearly = when—with the pf.: (a) of past, Gn 38:9 Nu 21:9 וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ … וְהִבִּיט and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Ju 6:3 ψ 78:34 (v. Dr ^{136 δ Obs.}); Am 7:2. (b) of pres. or fut., Is 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, 24:13; 28:25; cf. Nu 36:4 (with the impf.)

c. Compounded with other particles:—(α) בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, †Gn 47:18 Ju 7:14 Am 3:3, 4. (β) הֲלוֹא אִם †2 K 20:19 (for which Is 39:8 has simply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if …? (De Di). (γ) כִּי־אִם, q.v. (δ) עַד אִם †Gn 24:19, 33 Is 30:17 Ru 2:21, & עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם †Gn 28:15 Nu 32:17 Is 6:11, until, proposes until if or when. (ε) רַק אִם if only (v. sub רַק). אִם־לֹא in Ez 3:6b is very difficult. The Vrss render If I had sent, etc., implying לֻא for אִם־לֹא (for Ew’s אִם־לֻא = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Ges Hi Co ‘but (אִם־לֹא after a neg., cf. supr. Gn 24:38 ψ 131:2) unto them (Isr.) have I sent thee: they can understand thee’ (but understand is a dub. rendering of שָׁמַע אֶל).

2. Interrog.part. a. in direct qu.: (a) alone (not freq. and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhet. style): Gn 38:17 1 K 1:27; Ju 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאֶה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear …? Is 29:16; and repeated Am 3:6 Je 48:27 Jb 6:12. (b) more freq. in disjunctive interrogation: (α) הֲ … אִם, expressing a real alternative Jos 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Ju 9:2 1 K 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Gn 37:8 Nu 11:12, 22 Ju 11:25b 2 S 19:36 Is 10:15; 66:8 Je 3:5 Hb 3:8 ψ 77:10; 78:20 Jb 4:17; 6:5, 6; 10:4, 5; 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ … וְאִם (rarer than הֲ … אִם, but similar in use) 2 S 24:13 (a real alt.); Is 49:24; 50:2 Je 5:9 (v 29 אִם) 14:22 Jo 1:2; 4:4 Jb 8:3; 11:2; 21:4; 22:3; 34:17; 40:8f. (formal); Gn 17:17 P (with an anacol.) shall a child …? וְאִם־שָׂרָה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד or Sarah,—shall she that is 90 years old bear? Pr 27:24 (וְאִם after neg. clause). b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether: (a) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 K 1:2 Je 5:1; 30:6 Mal 3:10 ψ 139:24 Ct 7:13 La 1:12 Ezr 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if …? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Est 4:14 (older syn. מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 S 12:22 Jo 2:14 Jon 3:9). (b) disjunctively הֲ … אִם Gn 27:21 Nu 13:18–20; so אִם … וְאִם Jos 24:15. c. compounded with הֲ, הַאִם †Nu 17:28 הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ prob. an emph. Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Jb 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait)? (The view that הַאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

אֵם S TWOT GK v. אמם.

אַמָּה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} , אֻמָּה S^, TWOT^, GK v. אמם.

אמה (assumed as √ of foll., which however prob. bilit. cf. Sta ¹⁸⁸; vid. also Lag ⁸²).

†אָמָה S TWOT GK n.f. maid, handmaid (Ph. אמת, Arabic أَمَةٌ (˒amatun), Sab. אמת in n.pr. Sab.Denkm.²⁰, Aramaic ܐܰܡܬܳܐ (˒amto) Assyrian amtu Zim ⁶⁷)—א׳ abs. Gn 21:10 +; sf. אֲמָתִי Gn 30:3 +, etc.; pl. abs. אֲמָהֹת Gn 31:33 2 S 6:22; cstr. אַמְהוֹת 2 S 6:20; אַמְהֹתַי Jb 19:15 etc.—maid, handmaid. 1. lit. maidservant ( = שִׁפְחָה q.v., wh. however sometimes more servile; rarely P in Hex) Gn 30:3; 31:33 (|| שִׁפְחָה 29:24, 29 P 30:4 f. J etc.) Ex 2:5 (all E); 2 S 6:20, 22 Jb 19:15 Na 2:8 (sf. refers to mistress, except Jb 19:15 cf. 2 S 6:20, 22); in legisl. (|| עֶבֶד) Ex 20:10, 17; 21:20, 26, 27, 32 (all E) Lv 25:6, 44⁽⁾ (H) Dt 5:14⁽⁾, 18; 12:12, 18; 15:17 (cf. v. 12) 16:11, 14; cf. also Jb 31:13 Ezr 2:65 Ne 7:67; applied to concubine (sf. of master) Gn 20:17; 21:12 Ex 23:12 (all E) Ju 9:18; 19:19; also Gn 21:10⁽⁾, 13 (16:1 f. P שִׁפְחָה q.v.) Ex 21:7 (all E), vid. on this Sta ^{i. p. 380}. 2. fig. in address, אֲמָֽתְךָ etc., referring to speaker, in token of humility; Ru 3:9⁽⁾ (|| שׁפחה 2:13) 1 S 1:16 (|| id. v 18) 25:24⁽⁾, 25, 28, 31, 41 (|| id. v 27) 2 S 14:15, 16 (|| id. v 6, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19); 20:17; 1 K 1:13, 17; 3:20; in addressing God (never שׁפחה) 1 S 1:11⁽⁾, cf. בֶּן־א׳ ψ 86:16; 116:16.

†i. אָמוֹן S^{, , , ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr. Amon, an Egyptian god Na 3:8 Je 46:25, comp. by Greeks with Zeus (Herod. ^{ii, 42}; Diod ^{i. 13}), Ἀμμῶν. He was originally the local deity of Thebes ( = נֹא, called נֹא אָמוֹן Na 3:8, cf. א׳ מִנֹא Je 46:25), but subsequently became the supreme god of the Egyptian Pantheon, the successor of the sun-god Ra and so-called Amon Ra. He was the secret god, who hid himself and was difficult to find (Amon = concealment, hidden); v. Rawl. ^{Hist. Anc. Egypt, i, 322} Ebers. Ri. Je 46:25 Spiegelberg ^{Randglossen, 43 ff.} reads נֹא אָמוֹן (as Na 3:8) for אָמוֹן נֹא, and finds in both a Thebes in the Delta. (ii. iii. אָמוֹן v. p. 54.)

†אָמִי S GK n.pr.m. Ezr 2:57 = iii. אָמוֹן Ne 7:59.

†[אָמַל S TWOT GK^, ] vb. be weak, languish (cf. Arabic أَمَلَ (˒amala) hope, expect). Qal Pt. pass. f. מָה אֲמֻלָה לִבָּתֵךְ how weak is thy heart! Ez 16:30 (but < Co מַה־לִּי וְלִבְרִיתֵךְ); Pu˓l. Pf. אֻמְלַל Jo 1:10 +; אֻמְלְלָה Is 33:9 +; אֻמְלְלוּ Je 14:2 etc.;—be or grow feeble, languish; of loss of fertility (woman) 1 S 2:5 Je 15:9; of fisherman whose trade fails Is 19:8 (|| אנה, אבל); in genl. in inhab. of smitten land Ho 4:3 (|| תֶּאֱבַל הָאָרֶץ); Is 24:4 cf. infr. usually subj. inanim., personif.; שַׁדְמוֹת חֶשְׁבּוֹן Is 16:8; cf. Na 1:4⁽⁾; תֵּבֵל Is 24:4 (|| נבל, אבל); אֶרֶץ 33:9 (|| אבל); subj. גֶּפֶן Is 24:7 (|| אָבַל תִּירוֹשׁ); יִצְהָר Jo 1:10 (|| שׁדד, אבל, הובישׁ; kindred subj.); תְּאֵנָה v 12 (|| הַגֶּפֶן הוֹבִישָׁה); שְׁעָ־ִים Je 14:2 (|| אָֽבְלָה יְהוּדָה); cf. La 2:8 וַיַּאֲבֶל־חֵל וְחוֹמָה יַחְדָּו אֻמְלָ֑לוּ.

†[אֲמֵלָל S TWOT GK] adj. feeble (Mish. id.; on formation cf. Ew ^{157 b} Sta ²³²); הַיְּהוּדִים הָאֲמֵלָלִים Ne 3:34.

†אֻמְלַל S TWOT GK adj. id. (Ew^ib. Sta ²³⁰); א׳ אָ֫נִי ψ 6:3 (|| נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י).

אמם TWOT (perhaps be wide, roomy, Assyrian [amāmu] whence ummu, womb, mother = אֵם cf. Dl ¹⁰⁹; but אֵם n.prim. according to Thes Sta ^{189 b} Lag ²²).

אֵם S TWOT GK₂₂₁ n.f. mother (Ph. אם, Arabic أُمٌّ, إِمٌّ (˒ummun, ˒immun), Ethiopic እም (˒əmm), Sab. אם (only in n.pr. cf. e.g. Bae ¹¹⁸) Assyrian ummu COT; Aramaic אֵם, אִימָּא, ܐܶܡܳܐ (˒emo))—א׳ abs. Gn 32:12 +; cstr. Gn 3:20 +; sf. אִמִּי Gn 20:12 + etc.; †pl. only sf. אִמֹּתֵנוּ La 5:3; אִמֹּתָם Je 16:3 La 2:12⁽⁾— 1. lit. (human) mother, as parent Gn 20:12; 32:12; 44:20 Ex 2:8 ψ 51:7; 113:9 (opp. עֲקֶרֶת) Je 15:8, 10; 20:14; 22:26; 50:12 1 Ch 4:9 Ct 6:9; 8:5 +; hence of Eve אֵם כָּל־חָ֑י Gn 3:20; poet. of birth, יָצָא מִבֶּטֶן אֵם Jb 1:21 Ec 5:14; יָצָא מֵרֶחֶם אֵם Nu 12:12 cf. ψ 139:13 (Je 20:18 + ) מִמְּעֵי אִמִּי גּוֹזִי ψ 71:6 (subj. י׳, cf. גחה 22:10; > גּוֹזִי = my benefactor from birth Thes Ew Hup Pe); also וַתְּהִי אִמִּי קִבְרִי Je 20:17; מִבֶּטֶן אֵם = from earliest existence Ju 16:17 Jb 31:18 ψ 22:11; so מִמְּעֵי אֵם Is 49:1; as giving suck Ct 8:1 (שְׁדֵי אֵם) ψ 22:10 cf. 131:2; (v. Ex 2:9 cf. v 8); as exercising authority Gn 21:21; 24:28; 27:11, 13, 14 Ju 17:2 f Ru 1:8 Ct 3:4; 8:2 etc.; especially of queen-mother as possessing dignity & influence 1 K 1:11; 2:13, 19, 20 2 Ch 22:2, 3 Ct 3:11 Pr 31:1; cf. names of mothers of kings of Judah 1 K 14:21, 31; 15:2, 10, 13 +; as shewing love & care 1 S 2:19 1 K 3:27; 17:23 2 K 4:30 Is 66:13 (sim. of י׳’s comforting his people; cf. also Gn 27:45); as beloved & lamented 1 K 19:20 (|| אָב) Gn 24:67 ψ 35:14; בֶּן־אִמּוֹ = own (uterine) brother Gn 43:29; & || אָח Gn 27:29 Dt 13:7 Ju 8:19 ψ 50:20; 69:9 Ct 1:6 cf. 8:1; so בַּת־אִמּוֹ Lv 18:9; 20:17 Dt 27:22 (|| בַּת־אָבִיו) Gn 20:12; often with אָב, as parentes Je 16:3 Zc 13:3⁽⁾ Is 8:4; as rightfully claiming honour, authority, etc., cf. supr., Gn 28:7 (P) cf. 37:10 (E) Ju 14:2f, so in precept Pr 1:8; 6:20; 10:1; 15:20 etc. cf. Ez 22:7; laws enjoining these Ex 20:12 = Dt 5:16 Lv 19:3 cf. Dt 22:15; laws prohib. contrary Ex 21:15, 17 (E) Lv 20:9⁽⁾ (H) Dt 21:18, 19; 27:16; laws as to mourning for Lv 21:2, 11 (H) Nu 6:7 (P) cf. Je 16:7 Ez 44:25; left for wife Gn 2:24; for mother-in-law Ru 2:11; for husband Dt 21:13 (law for captive women); cf. Dt 33:9 (of devoted service of Levites); loving, caring for children Pr 4:3 (on the opposite cf. ψ 27:10); loved, cared for Jos 2:13 cf. v 18; 6:23 1 S 22:3 1 K 19:20 cf. 2 S 19:38. † 2. fig. of Deborah as caring for her people אֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל Ju 5:7 (cf. אָב Is 22:21 Jb 29:16); so of a city 2 S 20:19 (‘stock, race, community’ RS ²⁸ cf. ^{Proph. iv. n 8}); of Israel Ho 2:4, 7; 4:5 cf. 10:14; of Judah Is 50:1⁽⁾; of Hittite as mother of Jerusalem אָבִיךְ הָאֱמֹרִי וְאִמֵּךְ חִתִּית Ez 16:3, 45 cf. v 44, 45; also 19:2, 10 & vid. 23:2. † 3. of animals, dam Ex 22:29 (of ox & sheep) Lv 22:27 (of bullock, sheep, or goat); Ex 23:19 = 34:26 = Dt 14:21 (of kid); mother-bird Dt 22:6⁽⁾, 7; fig. Jb 17:14 לַשַּׁחַת קָרָאתי אָבִי אָ֑תָּה אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָרִמָּֽה׃. † 4. = point of departure or division אֵם הַדֶּרֶךְ Ez 21:26 (|| רֹאשׁ שְׁנֵי הַדְּרָכִים).

†i. אַמָּה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.f. only mother-city, metropolis (cf. אֵם 2 S 20:19 & Ph.); in phrase מֶתֶג הָאַמָּה authority of mother-city 2 S 8:1; v. מֶתֶג; cf. Dr.

ii. אַמָּה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} ₂₄₆ n.f. ell, cubit (SI אמה; so Sab. DHM ^{1865, 613}; Aramaic ܐܰܡܳܐ (˒amo), אַמָּא; Assyrian ammatu Nor²⁸⁰; Ethiopic እመት (˒əmat) etym. dub.; Thes al. mater brachii, i.e. length of fore-arm; others from √ ii. אמם, أَمَّ (˒amma) precede, be in front, & hence fore-arm cf. Di Is 6:4; Dl ¹⁰⁹ MV der. immediately from √ אמם be wide (v. supr.), אַמָּה = distance, & hence a particular distance, ell, cubit)—א׳ abs. Gn 6:15 +; cstr. אַמַּת Dt 3:11 Je 51:13; du. אַמָּתַיִם Ex 25:10 +; pl. אַמּוֹת Ex 26:16 +;— 1. cubit, so אַמַּת־אִישׁ i.e. ordinary cubit, Dt 3:11 (cf. Is 8:1); in Ez 40:5; 43:13 is a cubit one hand-breadth longer, cf. 2 Ch 3:3 א׳ בַּמִּדָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה; absol. length dub., cf. Smith^{, art. Weights and Measures}; Lepsius^{Längenmaasse der Alten, 1883, 1195 f.} identif. with Egyptian, longer cubit .525 m., shorter .450 m.; v. also Id.^{-Assyrian Längenmaasse 1877; 1877, 741} Oppert ^{1878, 1055; Rev. d’Assyrian i. 124} (also on the Bab. ‘half-cubit’ = .270 m. Hpt ^{1888, 419} Hom^{Semiten i. 501}); on א׳ אַצִּילָה Ez 41:8 cf. Sm & Co (Co del.); חֲמֵשׁ אמות קָנִים Ez 42:16 Kt, read מֵאוֹת so Qr Co; chiefly in Ex 25–27. 36–38 (56 times) 1 K 6.7 (45 times) 2 Ch 3.4 (21 times) Ez 40–43 (86 times); a (one) cubit = אַמָּה Gn 6:16 Ex 25:10, 23 +; הָאַמָּה Ez 43:14; א׳ אַחַת Ez 40:12⁽⁾, 42⁽⁾; 42:4; 43:14; two cubits = אַמָּתַיִ181 Ex 25:10, 17, 23; 30:2; 37:1, 6, 10, 25 Nu 11:31; שְׁתַּיִם אַמּוֹת Ez 40:9; 41:3, 22; 43:14; c. num. 1–10 א׳ mostly pl. after num. Ex 26:16; 27:1⁽⁾ 1 K 6:10 Je 52:22 Ez 40:5, 7, 9 +; c. num. 11–1000 +, it mostly foll. num. in sing. Gn 6:15⁽⁾ Ex 27:12, 13; 38:13, 14, 15 Nu 35:4 Jos 3:4 1 K 6:2⁽⁾, 3; 7:15⁽⁾ Je 52:21 Ez 40:49⁽⁾ +; seld. foll. in pl. Ez 40:11 (del. Co) v 27 (Co sg.) 42:2; so also עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת Ez 40:13, 29 but חָמֵשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה Ez 40:25, 30, 33, 36; (late) also in pl. precedes all num. 2 Ch 3:3⁽⁾, 4, 8⁽⁾ +; 6:13 Ez 42:2; also often בָּאַמָּה foll. all num. Ex 26:2⁽⁾, 8⁽⁾; 27:9, 18; 36:9⁽⁾, 15 Nu 35:5⁽⁾ 1 K 6:6⁽⁾; 7:23⁽⁾ 2 Ch 4:2⁽⁾ Ez 40:21; 47:3 Zc 5:2⁽⁾ +, cf. לְאַמּוֹת חָמֵשׁ 2 Ch 3:11; often א׳ וָחֵצִי Ex 25:10⁽⁾, 17⁽⁾ +, also א׳ וַחֲצִי הָא׳ Ex 26:16; 36:21 1 K 7:31, 32, 35 etc.; cf. שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת וָזָרֶ֑ת 1 S 17:4; sq. בַּמִּדָּה in measurement Jos 3:4 2 Ch 3:3. 2. †measure, full measure, limit, only אַמַּת בִּצְעֵךְ the measure of thy gain-making Je 51:13 (|| קִצֵּךְ).

†iii. [אַמָּה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} ] n.f. (etym. & meaning dub.; Thes foundation (cf. Talm. AW), from אֵם in metaph. sense, cf. MV; De on Is 6:4 der. similarly, but makes support of superliminaria (cf. G S B); Ew Di from √ ii. אמם = أَمَّ (˒amma) precede, whence إِمَامٌ (˒imāmun) front; Dl ¹¹⁰ tr. holder from √ אמם be wide, hence contain, hold) only אַמּוֹת הַסִּפִּים Is 6:4.

†iv. אַמָּה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.pr.loc. hill near Gibeon, גִּבְעַת־אַמָּה 2 S 2:24.

[†אֻמָּה S^, TWOT^, GK] n.f. tribe, people (Arabic أُمَّةٌ (˒ummatun); Assyrian ummatu cf. Jen ³³⁶, Aramaic ܐܽܘܡܬܳܐ (˒umto), אוּמָּא) only pl. אֻמּוֹת Nu 25:15; אֻמִּים ψ 117:1; sf. אֻמֹּתָם Gn 25:16;—of tribes of Ishmaelites Gn 25:16; of Midian (|| בֵּית־אָב) Nu 25:15; || גּוֹיִם ψ 117:1.

†אֲמָם S GK n.pr.loc. in southern Judah Jos 15:26 (GL Ἀμαμ, so A, but B Σην).

†I. [אָמַן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. confirm, support (cf. Arabic أَمِنَ (˒amina), etc., v. infr.; Sab. אמן in deriv. & n.pr. cf. CIS ^{iv. 1, 10} DHM ^{1885, 598}; Aramaic אֲמַ742, ܐܡܢ (˒mn) in Haph. Ethiopic አምነ (˒amna) Assyrian in deriv.)—only Qal Pt. אֹמֵן;— 1. as vb. support, nourish 2 K 10:1, 5 Est 2:7. 2. as subst. foster-father Nu 11:12 (J) Is 49:23. 3. אֹמֶנֶת foster-mother, nurse Ru 4:16 2 S 4:4. 4. אֹמְנוֹת pillars, supporters of the door 2 K 18:16. Pt. pass. a. הָאֱמֻנִים those brought up (in scarlet) La 4:5. b. אֱמוּנִים intrans. faithful (as firm, stable) as subst. m. faithful ones ψ 12:2 (> G S al. faithfulness) 2 S 20:19 (cf. Arabic أمُنَ (˒muna) be faithful, أَمَنَ (˒amana) trust in, أَمَنَ (˒amana) be secure); ψ 31:24 faithful ones י׳ keepeth, אֱמוּנִים נֹצֵר י׳; but א׳ is here taken by G Ri De Che as n. abstr. v. אֵמֻן. Niph. נֶאֱמַן Pr 11:13 + (6 times); Impf. יֵאָמֵן, יֵאָ֫מֶן 1 K 8:26 + (9 times); Pt. נֶאֱמָן Pr 25:13 + (16 times) נֶאֱמָנָה Is 1:21 + (4 times); נֶאֱמֶנֶת ψ 89:29; נֶאֱמָנִים Pr 27:6 + (9 times); נֶאֱמָנוֹת Dt 28:59. 1. carried by a nurse Is 60:4. 2. made firm, sure, lasting: place Is 22:23, 25; name 1 Ch 17:24; waters Is 33:16 Je 15:18; an event Ho 5:9; sickness Dt 28:59; mercy Is 55:3. 3. confirmed, established, sure: kingdom 2 S 7:16; house, dynasty 1 S 2:35; 25:28 1 K 11:38; prophet Samuel 1 S 3:20; cf. word-play אִם לֹא תַאֲמִינוּ לֹא תֵאָמֵנוּ = if ye believe not (have not firm confidence) ye will not be confirmed Is 7:9; הַאֲמִינוּ בי׳ וְתֵאָמֵנוּ = believe in Yahweh and ye will be confirmed 2 Ch 20:20. 4. verified, confirmed: words of God 1 K 8:26 2 Ch 1:9; 6:17; 17:23; precepts ψ 111:7; testimonies ψ 19:8; 93:5; covenant ψ 89:29; words of men Gn 42:20 (E). 5. reliable, faithful, trusty: persons 1 S 2:35; 22:14 Jb 12:20 ψ 89:38; 101:6 Pr 25:13 Is 8:2 Ne 13:13; a city Is 1:21; האל הנאמן the faithful God Dt 7:9 cf. Is 49:7; נֶאֱמַן רוּחַ faithful in spirit (disposition) Pr 11:13; לְבָבוֹ נֶאֱמָן his heart faithful Ne 9:8; עֵד אֱמֶת וְנֶאֱמָן true and faithful witness Je 42:5; נאמנים פצעי אוהב faithful the wounds of a friend Pr 27:6; c. אֵת (אֶל) ψ 78:8; עִם Ho 12:1; בְּ of thing ψ 78:37; בְּכָרל־בֵּיתִי in all my house (of Moses) Nu 12:7 (E). Hiph. הֶאֱמִין Gn 45:26 + (18 times); Impf. יַאֲמִין, יַאֲמֵן Jb 15:31 + (30 times); Imv. הַאֲמִינוּ 2 Ch 20:20 + (2 times); Pt. מַאֲמִין Dt 1:32 Is 28:16. 1. stand firm Jb 39:24 (c. neg. of the horse when the trumpet sounds Di De MV RVm; but neither believeth RV, hardly trusts Da). 2. trust, believe: (a) abs. Ex 4:31 (J) Is 7:9; 28:16 Hb 1:5 ψ 116:10 Jb 29:24; (b) with ל of person, trust to, believe Gn 45:26 (E) Ex 4:1, 8 (J) Je 40:14 2 Ch 32:15; with God Dt 9:23 Is 43:10; ל of thing Ex 4:8, 9 (J) ψ 106:24 1 K 10:7 2 Ch 9:6 Is 53:1 Pr 14:15; (c) with ב of person, trust in, believe in Ex 19:9 (J) 1 S 27:12 2 Ch 20:20 Jb 4:18; 15:15 Pr 26:25 Je 12:6 Mi 7:5; the usual construction with God Gn 15:6 (E) Ex 14:31 Nu 14:11 (J) 20:12 (P) Dt 1:32 2 K 17:14 2 Ch 20:20 ψ 78:22 Jon 3:5; with ב of thing Dt 28:66 Jb 15:31; 24:22; 39:12 ψ 78:32; 106:12; 119:66; (d) with כִּי trust or believe that Ex 4:5 (J) Jb 9:16 La 4:12; (e) so with infin. Jb 15:22 ψ 27:13 (sq. ל); also trust to do a thing, almost = allow, Ju 11:20.

†אֹ֫מֶן S TWOT GK n.[m.] faithfulness; אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן perfect faithfulness (faithfulness, faithfulness) Is 25:1.

†אָמֵן S TWOT GK adv. verily, truly Dt 27:15–26 (12 times) 1 K 1:36 Ne 5:13 Je 11:5; 28:6 & doxologies 1 Ch 16:36 ( = ψ 106:48); אָמֵן (ו)אָמֵן Nu 5:22 (P) Ne 8:6, & in the doxologies ψ 41:14; 72:19; 89:53; 106:48. ἀμήν = Amen: אֱלֹהֵי אָמֵן Is 65:16⁽⁾ God of Amen De Che RVm; cf. Rev 3:14, or God of faithfulness, God of truth (RV) (perhaps read אֹמֶן Che Di).

†אָמָּן S TWOT GK (ommān) n.m. master-workman, artist Ct 7:2 (Mish. Talm. אוּמָן, אוּמָנוּת handiwork, Syriac ܐܽܘܡܳܢ (˒umon) S Ex 28:11, where = Heb. חָרָשׁ & is likewise used of gems; Nab. אמנא Vog⁹⁴, Assyrian mar ummâni, Lyon ^{Sargontexte 65}, cf. Zim ¹²; cf. ii. אָמוֹן).

†אֵמֻן S TWOT GK n.[m.] trusting, faithfulness (on format. cf. Ges ^{84 a R. 12}). 1. בָּנִים לֹא אֵמֻן בָּם children in whom there is no trusting Dt 32:20 (poet.) 2. אֱמוּנִים pl. abst. faithfulness; צִיר א׳ messenger of faithfulness, trusty messenger Pr 13:17; עֵד א׳ faithful witness Pr 14:5; cf. אִישׁ א׳ Pr 20:6; שֹׁמֵר א׳ keeping faithfulness Is 26:2; perhaps also ψ 31:24 נצר א׳ v. I. [אָמַן].

†אֱמוּנָה S TWOT GK n.f. firmness, steadfastness, fidelity Ex 17:12 + 46 times; אֱמוּנוֹת Pr 28:20. 1. lit. firmness, steadiness: Ex 17:12 וַיְהִי יָדָיו א׳ his hands were steadiness (i.e. steady). 2. steadfastness, אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ steadfastness of thy times Is 33:6. 3. faithfulness, trust: a. of human conduct ψ 37:3 Pr 12:22 Je 5:3; 7:28; 9:2; in office 2 K 12:16; 22:7 2 Ch 19:9; 31:12; 34:12; (על) בֶּאֱמוּנָה in trust (over) 1 Ch 9:22, 26, 31 2 Ch 31:15, 18; דֶּרֶךְ א׳ ψ 119:30; אִישׁ אֱמוּנוֹת man of great faithfulness Pr 28:20; associated with צֶדֶק in human character יָפִיחַ א׳ יַגִּיד צֶדֶק who breatheth out faithfulness sheweth forth righteousness Pr 12:17; cf. 1 S 26:23 Is 59:4 Je 5:1; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness liveth Hb 2:4 (> faith Luth AV RV). b. as a divine attribute ψ 88:12; 89:2, 3, 6, 9 Is 25:1 Ho 2:22 La 3:23; אֵל אֱמוּנָה Dt 32:4; his faithfulness is shewn in his works ψ 33:4; commands ψ 119:86; in affliction ψ 119:75; in his oath to David ψ 89:50; it reacheth unto the skies ψ 36:6; unto all generations ψ 100:5; 119:90; he will not belie it ψ 89:34. It is אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן Is 25:1; cf. אֱמוּנָה מְאֹד ψ 119:138. It is closely associated with the divine חֶסֶד mercy ψ 89:25; 92:3; 98:3 Ho 2:22; with the divine צֶדֶק, צְדָקָה ψ 96:13; 143:1 Is 11:5; & salvation ψ 40:11.

†i. אָמְנָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. bringing up, nourishment, Est 2:20.

†ii. אָמְנָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, adv. (from אֹמֶן by affix ה—ָ) verily, truly, indeed Gn 20:12 (E) Jos 7:20 (JE).

†i. אֲמָנָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. faith, support. 1. אֲנַחְנוּ כֹּרְתִים אֲמָנָה we are plighting faith (make a sure covenant AV RV) Ne 10:1. 2. א׳ עַל המ׳ support, fixed provision, for the singers Ne 11:23.

†ii. אֲמָנָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.fl. 1. a river (constant? cf. Is 33:16) flowing down from Antilebanon into the plain of Damascus 2 K 5:12 (Qr; אֲבָנָה Kt), the Gr. Chrysorrhoas, mod. Arabic Nahr Baradâ. 2. the region from which it flows Ct 4:8.

†אֻמְנָם S TWOT GK adv. (from אֹמֶן by aff. ם—ָ) verily, truly, indeed, always in interrog. Gn 18:13 (J), elsewhere הַאֻמְנָם Nu 22:37 (E) 1 K 8:27 2 Ch 6:18 ψ 58:2.

†אָמְנָם S TWOT GK adv. (= אֻמְנָם) verily, truly, in asseverations 2 K 19:17 ( = Is 37:18) Jb 19:4, 5; 34:12; 36:4 Ru 3:12, also ironical Jb 9:2; 12:2.

†אֱמֶת S TWOT GK n.f. firmness, faithfulness, truth (contr. for אֱמֶנֶת, from אָמֵן) Gn 24:48 + 106 times; sf. אֲמִתּוֹ, אֲמִתְּךָ ψ 91:4 + 18 times 1. reliability, sureness: דֶּרֶךְ אֱמֶת sure way Gn 24:48 (J); שׂכר אמת sure reward Pr 11:18; אות אמת sure token Jos 2:12 (J); זֶרַע אמת Je 2:21. 2. stability, continuance: שָׁלוֹם וֶאֱמֶת peace and stability Is 39:8 ( = 2 K 20:19) Est 9:30 Je 33:6 Zc 8:19, cf. שׁלום אמת Je 14:13. 3. faithfulness, reliableness: (a) of men אִישׁ אֱמֶת faithful man Ne 7:2; אנשׁי אמת Ex 18:21 (E); הָלַךְ בֶּאֱמֶת walk in faithfulness, faithfully 1 K 2:4; 3:6 2 K 20:3 Is 38:3 cf. 1 S 12:24; of י׳, בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ ψ 25:5; 26:3; 86:11; עיר האמת Zc 8:3; of men ψ 45:5; 51:8 2 Ch 31:20; 32:1 Pr 29:14 Is 10:20; 42:3; 48:1; בא׳ ובתמים Ju 9:16, 19 Jos 24:14; חֶסֶד וֶאֱ׳ mercy and faithfulness Pr 3:3; 14:22; 16:6; 20:28 Ho 4:1, & the phrase עשׂה חסד ואמת Gn 24:49; 47:29 Jos 2:14 (J) 2 S 15:20. (b) an attribute of God ψ 54:7; 71:22 Is 38:18, 19; 61:8; נתן אמת Mi 7:20; עשׂה אמת Ez 18:9 Ne 9:33; עשׂה חסד ואמת Gn 32:11 (J) 2 S 2:6; חסד ואמת רב abundant in mercy and faithfulness Ex 34:6 (J) ψ 86:15; these attributes are also associated ψ 40:11, 12; 61:8; 115:1; 138:2 Is 16:5 Gn 24:27 (J); they are messengers of God to men ψ 57:4; 85:11; 89:15 cf. ψ 43:3; כל ארחות י׳ חסד ואמת ψ 25:10; the faithfulness of God endureth for ever ψ 117:2; he keepeth it for ever ψ 146:6; it reacheth unto the skies ψ 57:11; 108:5; it is shield & buckler ψ 91:4; he is אל אמת ψ 31:6 = אלהי אמת 2 Ch 15:3; אֱמֶת is also associated with the divine ישׁר ψ 111:8; צֶדֶק ψ 85:12; צְדָקָה Zc 8:8; מִשְׁפָּט ψ 111:7 Je 4:2; & salvation ψ 69:14. 4. truth (a) as spoken: דבר אמת speak truth 1 K 22:16 2 Ch 18:15 Je 9:4 Zc 8:16 ψ 15:2; דִּבְרֵי א׳ Ec 12:10; אֱמֶת הַדָּבָר the thing is true Dt 22:20 1 K 10:6 2 Ch 9:5 Dn 10:1; אמת נכון הדבר the thing is certainly true Dt 13:15; 17:4; אִמְרֵי אֱמֶת = אמרים אמת Pr 22:21; הגה אמת Pr 8:7; הגיד א׳ Dn 11:2, אֲמִתְּךָ ψ 30:10; שׂפת אמת Pr 12:19; אֱמֶת it is true Is 43:9; האמת אתכם whether truth is with you Gn 42:16 (E) cf. Is 59:14, 15. (b) of testimony and judgment עֵד 212א֫֒מֶת true witness Pr 14:25; עד אמת ונאמן Je 42:5; משׁפט אמת Ez 18:8 Zc 7:9; שָׁפַט אמת Zc 8:16. (c) of divine instruction כְּתָב אֱמֶת Dn 10:21; תורת אמת Mal 2:6 cf. Ne 9:13; תורתך אמת ψ 119:142; דבר י׳ בְּפִיךָ אמת 1 K 17:24 cf. 2 S 7:28; משׁפטי י׳ אמת ψ 19:10; ראשׁ דברך אמת ψ 119:160; מצותיך אמת ψ 119:151. (d) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge Dn 8:12; להשׂכיל באמתך Dn 9:13. 5. adv. in truth, truly ψ 132:11; יהוה אלהים אמת Yahweh is God in truth, truly Je 10:10; 23:28; elsewhere בֶּאֱמֶת Ju 9:15; ψ 145:18 Je 26:15; 28:9; 32:41.

†ii. אָמוֹן S^{, , , ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} n.m. artificer, architect, master-workman, as firm and sure in his workmanship: וָאֶהְיֶה אֶצְלוֹ אָמוֹן I was at his side architect, master-workman (G S B Ges Ew De MV RV, > foster-son AE Ki AV) Pr 8:30; יֶתֶר הָֽאָמוֹן rest of the master-workmen Je 52:15 (Hi Gf De RVm, but rest of the multitude Ges MV RV et al., אמון = המון)—i. אָמוֹן v. supr. p. 51.

†iii. אָמוֹן S^{, , , ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. (master-workman) (a) king of Judah 2 K 21:18, 19, 23, 24, 25 1 Ch 3:14 2 Ch 33:20, 21, 22, 23 25 Je 1:2; 25:3; (b) captain of a city 1 K 22:26 2 Ch 18:25; (c) one of the line of Solomon’s servants Ne 7:59 = אָמִי Ezr 2:57.

†אַמְנוֹן S GK n.pr.m. (faithful) 1. eldest son of David 2 S 3:2; 13:1–39; = אֲמִינוֹן 2 S 13:20; = אַמְנֹן 1 Ch 3:1. 2. a son of Shimon 1 Ch 4:20.

אֲמִינוֹן S GK dimin., so Ew ^{167 a} cf. W ^{i. § 269}, or textual error; cf. Dr 2 S 13:20, v. אַמְנוֹן.

†אֲמִתַּי S GK n.pr.m. (true, from אֱמֶת by adj. affix -י) father of the prophet Jonah 2 K 14:25 Jon 1:1.

†הֵימָן S GK n.pr.m. Heman (faithful, cf. Aramaic מְהֵימָן, ܡܗܰܝܡܰܢ (mhayman)) a wise man with whom Solomon is compared 1 K 5:11, where app. son of Mahol (Klo sons of the dance); named with 3 others, one being Ethan the Ezrahite; 1 Ch 2:6 a Heman is named with same 3 + 1 other, & all called sons of Zerah of Judah; Heman appears ψ 88:1 also as the Ezrahite (v. sub זרח), cf. Ethan supr.; in other passages Heman is a Levite; specif. Kohathite, son of Joel, called the singer (הַמְשׁוֹרֵר) 1 Ch 6:18 (|| Asaph v 24, Ethan v 29); Heman, Asaph & Ethan named as the singers (הַמְשֹׁרְרִים) 1 Ch 15:17, 19; cf. Heman & Jeduthun 16:41, 42 (|| Asaph v 37); Heman, Asaph & Jeduthun 25:6 2 Ch 5:12; 35:15; elsewhere בְּנֵי אָסָף וְהֵימָן וִידוּתוּן 1 Ch 25:1 cf. v 4⁽⁾, 5⁽⁾; בְּנֵי הֵימָן 2 Ch 29:14 (|| בְּנֵי ידוּתוּן); 1 Ch 25:5 Heman is called בְּדִבְרֵי הָאֱלֹהִים חֹזֵה הַמֶּלֶךְ (cf. Asaph 2 Ch 29:30, Jeduthun 2 Ch 35:15).—On question of identity of Heman in these various connections, v. Thes Comm.

†מְהוּמָן S GK n.pr.m. a eunuch of Ahasuerus (id.; but G Ἀμαν) Est 1:10.

II. [אָמַן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] v. II. יָמַן.

†[אָמֵץ S TWOT GK] vb. be stout, strong, bold, alert (according to Lag ^{28 f.} from earlier אָמֹץ cf. אֹמֶץ)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. אָֽמְצוּ 2 S 22:18; + 2 times; Impf. יֶאֱמָ֑ץ Gn 25:23; וַיֶּאֶמְצוּ 2 Ch 13:18; Imv. אֱמַץ Jos 1:7 1 Ch 28:20; אֱמַ֑ץ Jos 1:6; אֱמָ֑ץ Dt 31:7 + 3 times; אִמְצוּ Dt 31:6 + 2 times— 1. be strong, of a people Gn 25:23 (J); of personal enemies 2 S 22:18 = ψ 18:18; ψ 142:7 (all sq. מִן of compar.); also (without מן) prevail 2 Ch 13:18. 2. Imv. be bold (always || חֲזַק, חִזְקוּ) Dt 31:7, 23 Jos 1:6, 7, 18; (|| id. + אַל־תִּירְאוּ וְאַל־תַּעַרְצוּ) Dt 31:6; || id. + אַל־תַּעֲרֹץ וְאַל תֵּחָת) Jos 1:9; (|| id. + אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל תֵּחָ֑תּוּ) Jos 10:25 1 Ch 22:13; 28:20 2 Ch 32:7. Pi. Pf. אִמֵּץ Dt 2:30 etc.; Impf. יְאַמֵּץ Am 2:14 etc.; וַיְאַמֶּץ־לוֹ Is 44:14 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. תְּאַמְּצֶנּוּ ψ 89:22; 1 s. sf. אֲאַמִּצְכֶם Jb 16:5 etc.; Imv. אַמֵּץ Na 2:2; אַמֵּ֑צוּ Is 35:3; אַמְּצֵ֑הוּ Dt 3:28; Inf. sf. אַמְּצוֹ Pr 8:28; Pt. מְאַמֶּץ־ Pr 24:5;— 1. make firm strengthen, sq. acc., of giving clouds their place Pr 8:28 (subj. י׳); of repairing temple 2 Ch 24:13; of physical vigour Pr 31:17 חָֽגְרָה בְעוֹז מָתְנֶי֑הָ וַתְּא׳ זְרוֹעֹתֶֽיהָ ׃ (subj. אֵשֶׁת חַיִל); of strength for war א׳ כֹּחַ Na 2:2 (|| חִזֵּק מָתְנַיִם) Am 2:14 (subj. חָזָק); cf. Pr 24:5; of royal power 2 Ch 11:17 (|| חִזֵּק); cf. א׳ בִּרְכַּיִם כֹּשְׁלוֹת Is 35:3; א׳ בּ׳ כֹּרְעוֹת Jb 4:4 (both || חִזֵּק יָדַיִם רָפוֹת) fig. of encouragement; so א׳ alone Dt 3:28 (|| חִזֵּק) Jb 16:5 (|| חשׂך q.v.); ψ 89:22 (subj. זְרוֹעַ י׳); of support Is 41:10 (subj. י׳; || עזר, תמך;—De Che sub 2). 2. assure, secure for one’s self, always sq. ל + sf.; of carpenter appropr. tree Is 44:14; cf. of י׳ appropriating Isr. under fig. of bough ψ 80:16; under fig. of chosen man v 18. 3. sq. לֵבָב harden, make obstinate Dt 2:30; (subj. י׳; || הִקְשָׁה רוּחוֹ) Dt 15:7 (of unkind man); 2 Ch 36:13 (of king Zedekiah, || הִקְשָׁה אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ). Hithp. Pf. הִתְאַמֵּץ 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18; Impf. וַיִּתְאַמְּצוּ 2 Ch 13:7; Pt. מִתְאַמֶּצֶת Ru 1:18; 1. strengthen oneself, of conspirators 2 Ch 13:7 (sq. עַל). 2. confirm oneself in a purpose, be determined Ru 1:18 (sq. ל + Inf.) 3. make onself alert, make haste 1 K 12:18 = 2 Ch 10:18 (sq. ל + Inf.) Hiph. Impf. Juss. exhibit strength, be strong וְיַאֲמֵץ, חֲזַק ויא׳ לִבֶּ֑ךָ ψ 27:14, so also 31:25.

†אֹ֫מֶץ S TWOT GK n.[m.] strength, fig. טֳהָר־יָדַיִם יֹסִיף אֹ֑מֶץ Jb 17:9 the clean of hands increaseth strength.

†אַמִצָה n.f. strength, fig. Zc 12:5, but sense difficult, cf. WR^{Zech. p. 585}; Sta ^{1881, 34} proposes אֶמְצְאָה לְיוֹשְׁבֵי (after G T) may I be sufficient for.

†אָמוֹץ S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. father of Isaiah ( = following) Is 1:1; 2:1; 13:1; 20:2; 37:2, 21; 38:1 = 2 K 19:2, 20; 20:1; 2 Ch 26:22; 32:20, 32.

†[אָמֹץ S TWOT GK] adj. strong, only pl. אֲמֻצִּים of horses Zc 6:3, 7 (in v 7 perhaps read אֲדֻמִּים, cf. v 2, & Hi; see another view in Lag ²⁹).

†אַמִּיץ S TWOT GK (אַמִּץ) adj. mighty—א׳ abs. 2 S 15:12 + 2 times; cstr. Jb 9:4 + 2 times—mighty, of Absalom’s conspiracy 2 S 15:12; elsewhere of persons; as subst., instrum. of י׳ (i.e. Assyrians) Is 28:2 (|| חָזָק); א׳ לִבּוֹ = valiant, conqueror Am 2:16; of י׳, חֲכַם לֵבָב וְא׳ כֹּחַ Jb 9:4; cf. כֹּחַ א׳ v 19 (v. Di & RV), א׳ כֹּחַ Is 40:26 (|| רֹב אוֹנִים). Is 40:26 read probably אֹמֶץ (G).

†אַמְצִי S GK n.pr.m. 1. a Levite 1 Ch 6:31. 2. man of priestly line Ne 11:12 (not in || 1 Ch 9:12).

אֲמַצְיָ֫הוּ S GK, אֲמַצְיָה S GK n.pr.m. (י׳ is mighty). 1. king of Jud., son of Joash, father of Azariah; אֲמַצְיָהוּ 2 K 14:1, 9 + 8 times 2 K 14; 15:3 1 Ch 3:12; 2 Ch 24:27; 25:1 + 15 times 2 Ch 25; 26:1, 4; אֲמַצְיָה 2 K 12:22; 13:12; 14:8; 15:1. 2. אֲמַצְיָה, a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:34. 3. id., a Levite 1 Ch 6:30. 4. priest of Bethel, under Jerob. II, Am 7:10, 12, 14.

†[מַאֲמָץ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] power, strength, force, pl. cstr. מַאֲמַצֵי־כֹחַ Jb 36:19.

אָמַר S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} ₅₂₈₇ vb. utter, say (MI Ph. אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic አመረ (˒ammara) I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic أَمَرَ (˒amara) command; perhaps √ אמר orig. = be or make prominent, hence Hithp. infr., אָמִיר; Sab. אמר lofty, epith. of king JH MordtmZMG ^{1876, 37}; cf. Dl ²⁸ who thinks orig. meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see & shew, declare, say)—Qal Pf. א׳ Gn 3:1 +, etc.; Impf. יֹאמַר Gn 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gn 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַ֑ר Gn 14:19 +; in Jb always וַיֹּא֑מַר Jb 3:2 +; 3 fs. תֹּאמַר Gn 21:12 +; תֹּאמֵ֑ר Pr 1:21; 1 s. אֹמַר Gn 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה ψ 42:10; וָאֹמַר Gn 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Ne 2:7, 17, 20; 3 m. pl. יֹאמְרוּ Ex 4:1 + etc.; sf. יֹמְרוּךָ ψ 139:20; 2 mpl. תֹּמְרוּ 2 S 19:14 (cf. Kö^{. p. 385}); Imv. אֱמֹר (אֱמָר־) Gn 45:17 +, etc.; Inf. abs. אָמוֹר Ex 21:5 +; cstr. אֱמֹר Ez 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Jb 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר G B Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Inf. abs. c. ה interrog. cf. Ew ^{328 d}; sf. אָמְרִי Jos 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Je 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gn 1:22 +, etc.; Pt; act. אֹמֵר Gn 32:10 +, etc.; pass. הֶאָמוּר Mi 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמ74ר֫֒, Inf. abs. c. ה interrog., v. Dr^{Expositor, April, 1887, 263}.

1. Say (subj. God Gn 3:1 + or man 32:5, serpent 3:1, ass Nu 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הֶאָח Jb 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personif. Jb 28:14 cf. v 22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Ju 9:8 2 K 14:9 etc.; especially in narrat., וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Gn 4:6 + very often): mostly sq. thing said, either subst. Je 14:17 (c. cl. app.) Dt 27:16 f. Ju 12:6; pronoun Gn 44:16 2 K 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gn 1:3; 3:1; 37:20 + often (orat. recta); with adv. thus, so Gn 32:5 Nu 20:14 1 K 20:3, 5 +; especially כֹּה אָמַר י׳ Ex 5:1; 7:17, 26; 8:16 1 Ch 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gn 3:1; 15:7; 22:7 Lv 21:1 2 S 3:7 1 K 12:5, 23, or לְ Gn 3:13; 4:15 1 S 20:2 2 S 2:21 1 K 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, א׳ בְּאָזְנֵי Is 49:20 (cf. 5:9 & vid. דבר); א׳ לִפְנֵי Ez 28:9; א׳ לְעֵינֵי Dt 31:7 Jos 10:12 Je 28:11; א׳ בְּ Jo 2:17 ψ 126:2; where בְּ local; in all cases usually sq. dir. obj. of words said, Ex 19:25 Ju 17:2 being singular; Gn 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, cf. Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gn 22:2, 3; 43:27, 29 Ex 32:13 Nu 14:40 1 S 10:16; 16:3 2 S 6:22 Ne 6:19; cf. ψ 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim (sq. dir. obj. only) ψ 40:11 Ez 13:7; in reply to question = answer Ex 12:27 Jos 4:7 1 K 9:9 Je 5:19; 22:9. The obj. spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2 K 19:32 Je 22:18; 27:19, or לְ Gn 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Dt 33:9 Ju 9:54 Is 5:20 ψ 3:3; 71:10, very rarely by a simple accus. Is 3:10 (where read prob. for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (cf. אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gn 3:17 Nu 10:29; 14:31 Dt 28:68 Ju 7:4 1 S 9:17, 23b 1 K 8:29 La 4:20; cf. Nu 21:16 2 K 17:12; 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Is 8:12 La 2:15 (v Dr ^{i. 25, 5}); הֶֽאָמוּר Mi 2:7 read inf. abs. c. ה interrog. הֶאָמוֹר (v. supr.) shall one say? shall it be said? After another vb. of saying, introducing thing said: Dt 21:7; 25:9; 27:15 Ct 2:10 +, even after אמר Gn 22:7 Lv 21:1 Je 34:2 Est 7:5 +; especially inf. לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gn 8:15, צוה 2:16; 3:17, ענה 41:16, ברך 1:22, נשׁבע 24:7, נדר 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2 S 3:18 1 K 12:23 1 Ch 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2 Ch 35:21 שׁוּב Gn 32:7; cf. also Gn 28:6 Ex 5:13; 9:5; 13:8; 17:4 Nu 11:20 Dt 1:28; 13:7 Ju 8:15 1 S 23:2 1 K 13:3 Je 32:3; 37:9 Ru 4:4 +; when subj. of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Gn 31:1; 38:13, 24 etc.; after שׁמע Is 37:9 = 2 K 19:9.

2. Say in the heart ( = think) א׳ בלבב Dt 8:17 cf. 1 K 12:26 ψ 10:6, 11, 13; 14:1; 35:25 Is 14:13; 47:8, 10; 49:21 Ec 2:1, 15; 3:17, 18; א׳ לִלְבָבָם Ho 7:2; א׳ אֶל־לִבּוֹ Gn 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subj. י׳, cf. 1 S 27:1; אָֽמְרָה נַפְשִׁי La 3:24; thence א׳ alone Gn 20:11; 26:9 Nu 24:11 Ru 4:4 1 S 20:26 2 S 5:6; 12:22 2 K 5:11 Mal 1:7; with כִּי Ju 15:2; in particular = desire מַה־תֹּאמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 20:4 cf. Est 2:13; sq. inf. = purpose, Ex 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Jos 22:33 1 S 30:6 1 K 5:19 2 Ch 28:10, 13; expect 2 S 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Ch 13:8; 32:1.

3. Promise (sq. inf.) 1 Ch 27:23 2 Ch 21:7 Est 4:7; (id. + ל of pers.) 2 K 8:19 Ne 9:15; (sq. acc. of dir. obj. + ל of pers. + inf. of purpose) Ne 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) sq. אֶל־ of person addressed, Nu 15:28 1 Ch 21:18; sq. ל Jos 11:9 2 S 16:11 2 K 4:24 Jb 9:7 ψ 106:24 (v. sub אֲשֶׁר 8 e); sq. inf. 1 S 24:11 1 Ch 21:17 2 Ch 1:18; 29:27, 36; 31:11; 35:21 Est 1:17; 4:13, 15; 6:1; 9:14; inf. + ל of pers. 2 Ch 14:3; 29:21; 31:4 Ne 9:15 Est 1:10; sq. acc. dir. obj. 2 Ch 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, cf. 1 K 5:20 Est 2:15; sq. cl. with אשׁר = that Ne 13:19; id. + ל of pers. v 22; sq. cl. with כִּי Jb 36:10; abs. 1 S 16:16 (read however prob. יאמרו for יאמר, cf. Dr); also ψ 105:31, 34; 107:25 1 Ch 14:12 2 Ch 24:8 Ne 13:9, 19 (all sq. vb. consec.); command by leter א׳ עִם־הַסֵּפֶר Est 9:25 (sq. impf.); appoint, assign לֶחֶם א׳ לוֹ 1 K 11:18 = threaten sq. inf. Dt 9:25 ψ 106:23.

†Niph. Pf. נֶאֱמַר Dn 8:26; Impf. יֵאָמֵר Gn 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֹ Is 4:3; יֵאָמַ֑ר Gn 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Jos 2:2; be said, told Gn 10:9; 22:14 ψ 87:5 Je 4:11; 16:14 (all abs., indef. subj., of current saying); so said in a book Nu 21:14; be related, told, of vision Dn 8:26; said, told to (sq. ל ind. obj.) Jos 2:2 Ho 2:1⁽⁾ Zp 3:16; either so, or told concerning Nu 23:23; Ez 13:12 (אֶל־); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Is 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרֵ֔אוּ), cf. 4:3; 19:18; 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) 62:4⁽⁾; hence be called, of Tophet לֹא־יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Je 7:32; subj. שֵׁם Gn 32:29; Jb 34:31 אֶל־אֵל חֶאָמַר כִּי, Rabb. (cf. AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph. Inf. for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Pf., אֶל־אֵל being prefixed to the interrog. for emphasis (cf. Je 22:15; 23:26 Ne 13:27), v. Dr ⁹ Di al.; Hoffm, however, reads הֵאָמֵר inf. abs. = imv. ‘so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.’ †Hiph. Pf. avow, avouch Dt 26:17 אֶת־י׳ הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; v 18 הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֹ לְעַם וי׳ (lit. cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpr. vid. Di). †Hithp. Impf. יִתְאַמְּרוּ ψ 94:4 subj. כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק); prob. also 2 mpl. תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Is 61:6 (in good sense, sq. בְּ of thing gloried in) S B T & cf. G; Ges so De Che Kö^{. 457 f.} (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but vid. ימר).

†[אֵמֶר S TWOT GK^, ], אֹמֶר S TWOT GK n.m. ψ 77, 9 speech, word, only poet., & Jos 24:27 exalted style;—abs. אוֹ׳ Jb 22:28 + 5 times; sf. אִמְרוֹ Jb 20:29; Pl. abs. אֲמָרִים Pr 19:7; 22:21; cstr. אִמְרֵי Nu 24:4 +; אֲמָרָיו Jb 22:22; אִמְרֵיכֶם Jb 32:14 Is 41:26 (on deriv. from אֹמֶר cf. Di Jb 33:33) etc.;— 1. utterance, word, especially pl. Jb. 6:26 (|| מִלִּים) 32:12, 14 (|| מִלִּין) 33:3; 34:37; ψ 5:2 (|| הָגִיג), 141:6 (on this v. cf. Che); Pr 2:1 (|| מִצְוָה), v 16 4:10, 20 (|| דָּבָר), 7:1 (|| מִצְוָה), v 5 19:7 Is 41:26; words of God Nu 24:4, 16 cf. Jos 24:27 Jb 6:10; 22:22 ψ 107:11; fig. of day ψ 19:3 (sing.); cf. v 4 (|| דְּבָרִים) but vid. Che on v.; of wisdom (personif.) Pr 1:21 (|| קוֹל); often in phrase אִמְרֵי־פִי Dt 32:1 ψ 19:15 (|| הֶגְיוֹן); 54:4 (|| תְּפִלָּה); 78:1 (|| תּוֹרָה); Pr 4:5; 5:7; 7:24; 8:8; cf. Jb 8:2 Pr 6:2⁽⁾; of י׳ Jb 23:12 (|| מִצְוַת שְׂפָתָיו); ψ 138:4; Ho 6:5 (of Yahweh’s words as weapon); in phrases אִמְרֵיישֶׁר Jb 6:25; א׳ בִינָה Pr 1:2; א׳ נֹעַם Pr 15:26; 16:24; א׳ דָ֑עַת 19:27; 23:12; א׳ אֱמֶת 22:21, cf. הֵשִׁיב אֲמָרִים אֱמֶת v 21 return answer; תָּשִׁיב אֲמָרֶיהָ לָהּ Ju 5:29 she returneth (i.e. repeateth) her words to herself; חָשַׂךְ א׳ spare (i.e. refrain from) words Pr 17:27. 2. sg. promise ψ 77:9; appointment, decree Jb 20:29; command ψ 68:12 (but v. Che); plan, purpose Jb 22:28 גָּזַר־א׳; Hb 3:9 Thes sworn are the rods of appointment (i.e. the chastisements decreed), but passage dub., v. Comm.;—Gn 49:21 read אֲמִרֵי cf. אָמִיר; vid. Di

[אִמְרָה S TWOT GK] n.f. utterance, speech, word (poet., mostly sg. coll., cf. pl. vb. ψ 119:103; but here read prob. pl. n. cf. G Ol Hi De Che)—cstr. אִמְרַת Is 5:24 +; אִמְרָתִי Gn 4:23 + etc.; Pl. abs. אֲמָרוֹת ψ 12:7; cstr. אִמְרֹת ib.;—utterance, speech Gn 4:23 (song of Lamech, || קוֹל) so Is 28:23; 29:4; 32:9; Dt 32:2 (|| לֶקַח), ψ 17:6 Is 29:4 (w. נָשָׂא, צִפְצֵף); especially saying(s), word(s) of י׳ (command & promise) Dt 33:9 (|| בְּרִית); Is 5:24 (|| תּוֹרָה) 2 S 22:31 = ψ 18:31 ψ 12:7 105:19 (|| דָּבָר); especially ψ 119:11, 38, 41 + 16 times; 138:2; 147:15 (|| דָּבָר), Pr 30:5.

†[אֶמְרָה S TWOT^, GK] n.f. id., only אֶמְרָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה La 2:17.

†אוֹמָר S GK n.pr.m. grandson of Esau (eloquent?) Gn 36:11, 15 1 Ch 1:36.

†אָמִיר S TWOT GK n.m. top, summit, of tree Is 17:6; of mt. v 9 (? so Ew Kn De Di; Lag Che Brd Or foll. G & read הָאֱמֹרִי); Pl. cstr. אֲמִרֵי Gn 49:21 (so read for אִמְרֵי, Ew Di al., cf. also i. אֵלָה p. 18).

†אִמֵּר S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. 1. a priest assigned to Dvd’s time 1 Ch 24:14 perhaps = 2. ancestor of priest 1 Ch 9:12 cf. Ne 11:13 Ezr 2:37; 10:20 Ne 7:40. 3. priest in Jerem’s time Je 20:1. 4. father of Zadok Ne 3:29. 5. n.pr.loc. (?) Ezr 2:59 = Ne 7:61.

אֱמֹרִי S TWOT GK n.pr.m.coll. (construed as pl. Dt 3:9 + 5 times) Amorites (perhaps = mountain-dwellers, cf. Nu 13:29 Dt 1:7, 19 f. etc. & Di Gn 10:16 al.)—always c. art., except Nu 21:29 Ez 16:45. Meaning mountain-dwellers very dub.; on א׳ = Egyptian ˒A-ma-ra v. WMM ^{229 ff.}, = TelAm. and Assyrian Amurru, v. Wkl ³⁶ Jastr ^{Canaan, § 10} Say ^Amorites al.; cf. also GFM Ju 4,5 Dr Dt 1:7 Gray Nu 13:29. 1. called son of Canaan Gn 10:16 (J) 1 Ch 1:14 = 2. a chief people dispossessed by Hebrews; (a) living E. of Jordan Nu 21:13⁽⁾, 25 + 9 times Nu + Jos 24:8 (all E), cf. Jos 2:10; 9:10 (JE) Dt 1:4; 3:2, 9 + 7 times D; also Ju 10:8, 11; 11:19, 21, 22, 23 1 K 4:19 ψ 135:11; 136:19 (Sihon their king Nu 21:21 +; Sihon & Og Dt 3:8 + ); (b) living W. of Jordan Jos 10:5, 6; 24:12, 15, 18 (all E), cf. 7:7 (JE); 5:1; 10:12 (both D; cf. also 13:4, q. del. Di) Ju 1:34, 35, 36; 6:10 1 K 21:26 2 K 21:11 cf. 1 S 7:14 2 S 21:2; (c) living in south Dt 1:7, 19, 20, 27, 44; cf. Gn 14:7 (W. of Dead Sea); (d) in gen. = ancient inhabitants of Canaan Gn 15:16 (J or R) 48:22 (E) Am 2:9, 10; (e) named in list of Canaanitish peoples, to be dispossessed by Isr. Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:2; 34:11 Jos 3:10; 9:1 (all J); Dt 7:1; 20:17 Jos 11:3; 12:8 (all D); Ex 23:23 Nu 13:29 Jos 24:11 (all E); Ju 3:5 1 K 9:20 2 Ch 8:7 Ezr 9:1 Ne 9:8; cf. Ez 16:3, 45; (on these lists cf. Bu^{Urgesch 344 ff.} & We ^{xxi. 602}.) 3. adj.gent. sg. Gn 14:13 Dt 2:24.

†אִמְרִי S GK n.pr.m. 1. a man of Judah 1 Ch 9:4; cf. 2. Ne 3:2 ( = tall? or eloquent?).

אֲמַרְיָ֫הוּ S GK, אֲמַרְיָה S GK n.pr.m. (Yah(u) hath promised, cf. Palm. אמרשמשא, Sab. יתעאמר) long form only 1 Ch 24:23 2 Ch 19:11; 31:15. 1. a Levite 1 Ch 23:19; 24:23 (in Dvd’s time), cf. 1 Ch 5:33⁽⁾; 6:37 Ezr 7:3; vid. also 2. 1 Ch 5:37⁽⁾; also 3. Ezr 10:42. 4. chief priest under Jehosh. 2 Ch 19:11. 5. Levite under Hezekiah 2 Ch 31:15. 6. son of Hezekiah & great-grandfather of Zephaniah Zp 1:1. 7. a priest Ne 10:4; 12:2, 13. 8. a man of Judah Ne 11:4.

†[מַאֲמָר S TWOT GK] n.m. Est 9:32 word, command (late; Mish. id.) cstr. מַאֲמַר Est 1:15; 2:20; 9:32.

†אַמְרָפֶל S GK n.pr.m. king of Shinar Gn 14:1, 9 (prob. = חמרבי, Ḫammurabi of Babylon, who reigned c. 2100 b.c., cf. Schr ^{1887, xxxi (June 23)} COT^{ii. 296 f.} Dl in De^{Gen 1887, Excursus}).

†אֶ֫מֶשׁ S TWOT GK adv. yesterday (etym. dub.; MV after Fl De on Jb 30:3 cf. Sta ^{256 c} der. from √ משׁה = Arabic مسا (ms˒), whence مَسَآءٌ (masa˒ā˒un), evening; v. also in Thes, & cf. Assyrian mušu, night COT, Ethiopic ምሴት (məset) but also Arabic أَمْسٌ (˒amsun) = Assyrian amšatu, yesterday) = last night Gn 19:34; 31:29, 42 (אָ֑מֶשׁ); = recently 2 K 9:26.—Jb 30:3 א׳ שׁוֹאָה is difficult & uncertain Thes MV al. darkness, gloom of wasteness, so RV, but dub., cf. Di; G. Hoffm reads אֵם שׁ׳ = the mother of (all) the ruined (said of the desert).

אֱמֶת S TWOT GK, אֲמִתַּי S GK v. אמן.

אַמְתַּ֫חַת S TWOT GK v. מתח.

אָן S TWOT GK adv. v. p. 33 sub אַי.

†אֹן TWOT (Gn 41:45; 46:20) אוֹן S^{, ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} (Gn 41:50 Ez 30:17) n.pr.loc. On (Egypt. Ȧn cf. Eb ⁷⁵ Wied ⁴⁶; perhaps = Assyrian Unu, Steindorff ^{i. 610}, contr. Dl ³¹⁸) city in lower Egypt, prob. on border of land of Goshen, residence of ‘Potiphera, priest of On,’ father-in-law of Joseph Gn 41:45, 50; 46:20; also Ez 30:17 (where MT אָוֶן); it was celebrated for worship of sun-god Ra, & hence called also sun-city, בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ Je 43:13, G Ἡλίου πόλις; mod. Matariye, on E. bank of Nile, c. 7 miles E. of N. from Cairo & 18 from Memphis;—cf. Eb ^{75, 507 f. & map} Wied

†אָֽנָּ֫א S TWOT GK interj. (from אָהּ and נָא, q.v.) a strong part. of entreaty, ah, now! I (or we) beseech thee! often sq. an imper.; Gn 50:17 (to Joseph) אָנָּא שָׂא נָא וג׳ Ah, now! forgive, we pray, etc., Ex 32:31 (to God); elsewhere always sq. י׳ or אֲדֹנָי ψ 118:25⁽⁾ Ne 1:5, 11 Dn 9:4. Written אָֽנָּ֫ה 2 K 20:3 ( = Is 38:3) Jon 1:14; 4:2 ψ 116:4, 16.

אנב TWOT (perhaps spring, leap, so Dl ^{65, 114}, inferred from Assyrian annabu, hare; ag. this Nö ^{1886, 734}).

†אַרְנֶבֶת S TWOT GK n.f. hare (Arabic أَرْنَبٌ (˒arnabun), Syriac ܐܰܪܢܶܒܳܐ (˒arnebo), Assyrian annabu, as springer?) eating of it forbidden Lv 11:6 (P) Dt 14:7.

אָ֫נָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, , אָ֫נֶה v. אָן sub אַי.

I. †[אָנָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. mourn—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְאָנוּ cons. Is 3:26; 19:8 (|| אָבַל q.v.)

†אֲנִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. mourning; Is 29:2 La 2:5 (both times in combin. תַּאֲנִיָּה וַאֲנִיָּה).

†תַּאֲנִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. id. ib.

†אֲנִיעָם S GK n.pr.m. (lament of people) 1 Ch 7:19 a man of Manasseh.

II. אנה