†[אָנַן S TWOT GK] vb. only Hithpo. complain, murmur (Mish. אנן, Aramaic אֲנַן, Arabic أَنَّ (˒anna), Syriac ܐܰܢ (˒an); cf. Assyrian enênu, unnînu, sigh Zim ²²)—Impf. יִתְאוֹנֵן La 3:39 (sq. עַל־ in || member); Pt. מִתְאֹנְנִים בְּאָזְנֵי י׳ Nu 11:1 (sq. acc.; vid. Di).

†[אָנַס S TWOT GK] vb. compel, contrain (late, often Mish. id., Aramaic אֲנַס, ܐܶܢܰܣ (˒enas))—Qal Pt. אֵין אֹנֵס viz., to drink Est 1:8 (|| כִּרְצוֹן אִישׁ וָאִישׁ).

†[אָנֵף S TWOT GK, אָנַף S TWOT GK] vb. denom. from אַף be angry (MI id., cf. Arabic أَنِفَ (˒anifa), Assyrian etc. in deriv.)—Qal Pf. אָנַפְתָּ ψ 60:3, etc.; Impf. יֶאֱנַף ψ 2:12, etc.;—be angry, of י׳; usually sq. בְּ 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36 Is 12:1 ψ 85:6 Ezr 9:14; abs. ψ 60:3; 79:5; cf. also ψ 2:12. Hithp. id. always sq. בְּ, & awl. of י׳, Pf. הִתְאַנַּף Dt 1:37; 4:21; 9:20; Impf. וַיִּתְאַנַּף Dt 9:8 1 K 11:9 2 K 17:18.

i. אַף S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ₂₇₇ n.m. Gn 30:2 nostril, nose, face, anger (Assyrian appu, face Flood^{iii. 27, 29} cf. Hpt KAT, Arabic أَنْفٌ (˒anfun), Ethiopic አንፍ (˒anf) nose; Aramaic ܐܰܦܶܐ (˒ape), אַנְפִּין face)—abs. ψ 78:21 +; cstr. Gn 27:45 +; sf. אַפִּי Ex 22:23 +, etc.; du. אַפַּיִם Pr 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gn 2:7 + etc.;—In Hex JE (Jos 7:1 P? 23:16 D?). 1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gn 2:7; 7:22 Jb 27:3 cf. Nu 11:20; 2 S 22:9 = ψ 18:9 cf. Is 65:5; Is 2:22 La 4:20 Ez 38:18 (del. Co) Am 4:10; רוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ (of י׳) i.e. wind Ex 15:8; cf. נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ אַפּוֹ 2 S 22:16 = ψ 18:16 (vid. also sub 3); nose sg. Ct 7:5, 9 Ez 8:17; 23:25 Pr 30:33 (where play upon diff. meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם): (a) as organ of smelling Dt 33:10 ψ 115:6; (b) as place of ring for ornament Gn 24:47 Is 3:21 Ez 16:12; (c) as place of ring or hook for captive 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; for beasts, e.g. swine Pr 11:22; hippopot. Jb 40:24; crocod. v 26. 2. Du face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה) Gn 19:1; 42:6; 48:12 Nu 22:31 1 S 20:41; 24:9; 25:41; 28:14 2 S 14:4, 33; 18:28; 24:20 1 K 1:23, 31 Is 49:23 1 Ch 21:21 2 Ch 7:3; 20:18 Ne 8:6 also Gn 3:19; גֹּבַהּ אַפּוֹ pride of his countenance ψ 10:4; לְאַפֵּי before, loc. sense (cf. לִפְנֵי) 1 S 25:23; אַפָּ֑יִם 1 S 1:5 read אֶפֶס G We Dr (q.v.) 3. mostly anger, human Gn 27:45; 49:6, 7 + (45 times); oftener divine Ex 32:12 Dt 9:19 2 K 24:20 + (177 times); often subj. חָרָה (וַיִּ֫חַר etc.) his anger was kindled Gn 30:2; 39:19 Ex 4:14; 22:23; 32:10, 11 +; in various combinations, especially חֲרוֹן אַף fierceness of anger Ex 32:12 Nu 25:4; 32:14 +; cf. חֳרִי־אַף 1 S 20:34; בַּעַל־אַף Pr 22:24 given to anger; אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger Ex 34:6 Nu 14:18 Ne 9:17 + 7 times of God; Pr 14:29; 15:18; 16:32 of man; אֹרֶךְ א׳ 25:15.

†אַפַּיִם S GK n.pr.m. a son of Nadab, 1 Ch 2:30, 31.

†אֲנָפָה S TWOT^, GK n.f. an unclean bird (cf. Assyrian anpatu Dl ³³; meaning quite dub.; on conjectures v. Di Lv 11:19) Lv 11:19 Dt 14:18.

†[אָנַק S TWOT GK] vb. cry, groan (Aramaic אֲנַק, ܐܶܢܰܩ (˒enaq))—Qal Impf. יֶאֱנֹק Je 51:52; Inf. cstr. אֱנֹק Ez 26:15, both of groaning of wounded (חָלָל). Niph. id., in mourning, lamentation; Inf. cstr. הֵאָנֵק Ez 24:17 (|| עָשָׂה אֵבֶל); Pt. נֶאֱנָקִים 9:4 (|| נֶאֱנָחִים) sq. עַל.

†i. אֲנָקָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. crying, groaning, in distress (Aramaic ܐܶܢܰܩܬܳܐ (˒enaqto)) Mal 2:13 (|| דִּמְעָה, בְּכִי); cstr. אֶנְקַת ψ 12:6 (of poor, אֶבְיוֹן) 79:11 (of prisoner אָסִיר), so 102:21.

†ii. אֲנָקָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. ferret, or shrew-mouse, unclean animal Lv 11:30 (Tristr ²⁴; ܐܳܡܰܩܬܳܐ (˒omaqto), T אקמתא).

†I. [אָנַשׁ S TWOT GK^, ] vb. be weak, sick (Assyrian anâšu Zim ^{56, 70}; Wetzst in De^{Psalmen, ed. 4, 882} der. from II. אנשׁ per antiphrasin; Dl ¹⁶⁰ identified with III. אנשׁ; v. also De^{Psalmen, ed. 4, 904}; so Lag ⁶⁰, who comp. سَيْف أَنِيث (sayf ˒anīṯ), weichliches d.h. stumpfes Schwert. It seems safer at present to keep the three distinct). Qal Pt. pass. אָנוּשׁ Jb 34:6 +; אֲנוּשָׁה Je 15:18 Mi 1:9 & so read ψ 69:21 (Bi Che) etc.; as adj. incurable, of wound, but metaph. (מַכָּה) Mi 1:9 Je 15:18; cf. Jb 34:6 (חֵץ), Je 30:12 (שֵׁבֶר; || נַחְלָה מַכָּה); so כְּאֵב אָנוּשׁ Is 17:11; cf. Je 30:15 (מַכְאֹך); cf. יוֹם אָנוּשׁ 17:16; also in phr. עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִכֹּל וְאָנֻשׁ הוּא Je 17:9. Niph. Impf. וַיֵּאָנַ֑֯שׁ 2 S 12:15 be sick, of child.

II. אנשׁ TWOT^, (cf. Arabic أَنِسَ (˒anisa) be inclined to, friendly, social, which however Nö ^{1886, 739} thinks denom., cf. إِنْسٌ (˒insun) coll. men, people; v. on the other hand Wetzst Zim ²⁰, v. also Lag ⁶⁸;—hence אֲנָשִׁים pl. of אִישׁ; v. also sub אישׁ).

†אֱנוֹשׁ S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Jb 15:14 man, mankind, mostly poet. (18 times Jb, 13 times ψ, etc.) (Arabic أُنَاسٌ (˒unāsun) (coll.), Aramaic אֱנָשׁ, ܐ݈݇ܢܳܫܳܐ (nošo) (coll.), Nab. אנוש, Palm. אנש, Sab. אנס DHM ^{1883, 330}, also Arabic نَاسٌ (nāsun), Assyrian nišu, people, & cf. tenišêtu, humanity, human race, v. COT sub אנשׁ & נשׁ & Hpt ^{2 497})—abs. Is 8:1 +; cstr. Je 20:10;— 1. of individ. Jb 5:17; 13:9 ψ 55:14, cf. Is 13:12 (|| אָדָם) 56:2 (|| בֶּן־אדם), Je 20:10 א׳ שְׁלֹמִי man of my peace, i.e. my friend. 2. coll. men Is 24:6; 33:8; 51:7 ψ 66:12; = men in general, ordnary men ψ 73:5 cf. חֶרֶט א׳ i.e. a common stylus Is 8:1 (v. אַמַּת אִישׁ Dt 3:11). 3. man, mankind Dt 32:26 Jb 7:1; 14:19; 28:4, 13; 32:8; 33:26; 36:25 (|| אָדָם & אֲנָשִׁים v 24) ψ 56:2; especially opp. God Jb 4:17 (|| גֶּבֶר) 7:17; 9:2; 10:4, 5; 15:14; 25:4; 33:12 2 Ch 14:10; ψ 8:5 (|| בֶּן־אָדָם) so Is 51:12; ψ 9:20, 21, 90:3 (|| בְּנֵי־אָדָם); 103:15; בֶּן־א׳ 144:3 (|| אָדָם); cf. כִּי־א׳ רִמָּה וּבֶן־אָדָם תּוֹלֵעָה Jb 25:6; א׳ מִן־הָאָרֶץ ψ 10:18; כָּל־לְבַב א׳ Is 13:7 cf. ψ 104:15⁽⁾. אֲנָשִׁים v. אִושׁ (p. 35).

†אֱנוֹשׁ S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. son of Seth Gn 4:26; 5:6, 7, 9, 10, 11 1 Ch 1:1.

III. אנשׁ TWOT^, (soft, delicate, cf. Arabic أَنُثَ (˒anuṯa), id., v. Lag ⁶⁸ Dl ¹⁶⁰, also sub I. אנשׁ; but cf. Nö ^{1886, 739} who der. this meaning from feminine).

אִשָּׁה S TWOT GK₇₇₅ n.f. woman, wife, female (Arabic أُنْثَ (˒unṯa), Sab. אנתֿת etc. DHM ^{1884, 360}, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, ܐܰܢ݈ܬܬܳܐ (˒atto), Palm. Nab. אנתתא, Ethiopic አንስት (˒anəst) Ph. אשת, Assyrian aššatu COT)—א׳ abs. Gn 2:23 +; cstr. אֵשֶׁת Gn 11:29 + (appar. abs. Dt 21:11 1 S 28:7 ψ 58:9 but cf. Bö ⁷²⁸ Ges ^130.5); sf. אִשְׁתִּי Gn 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gn 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ ψ 128:3), etc.; Pl. †אִשֹּׁת Ez 23:44 (Co לעשּׂות); נָשִׁים Gn 4:19 +; cstr. נְשֵׁי Gn 4:23 +; sf. נָשַׁי Gn 30:26 1 K 20:7; נְשֵׁיכֶם Ex 22:23 +, etc.;— 1. woman Gn 3:1, 2; 12:11 +; opp. man 2:22, 23 Ex 35:29; 36:6 Dt 17:2, 5; 22:22 1 S 21:5 +; א׳ emphat. a genuine (or ideal) woman Ec 7:28 (|| אדם); sim. of men as feeble, timid Je 50:37; 51:30; note especially חַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Nu 31:18 (P); as conceiving Ex 2:2 Lv 12:2 2 S 11:5 +; travailing Je 13:21; bearing children Ju 13:24 1 K 3:18; cf. Jb 14:1; 15:14; 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Is 49:15; אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gn 18:11; דֶּרֶךְ נָשִׁים 31:35; with adj., or app., א׳מֵינֶקֶת nursing woman, nurse Ex 2:7; א׳ זוֹנָה harlot Jos 2:1; 6:22 Ju 11:1; 16:1 1 K 3:16 Pr 6:26 Je 3:3 Ez 16:30; 23:44; so א׳ זָרָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; cf. also Ez 23:44 supr.; א׳ מְנָאָ֑פֶת adulteress Pr 30:20 (cf. אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זִנוּנִים Ho 1:2; נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign women 1 K 11:1, 8 Ezr 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44 Ne 13:26, 27 (cf. v 23); א׳ תֲכָמָת wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2 S 14:2; 20:16, etc.; also א׳ פּילֶגֶשׁ concubine Ju 19:1, 27: א׳ אַלְמָנָה widow 2 S 14:5 1 K 11:26; 17:9, 10; א׳ נְבִיאָה prophetess Ju 4:4; also cstr. bef. noun of quality אֵשֶׁתרָ֑ע Pr 6:24; א׳ כְּסִילוּת 9:13; א׳ חֵן 11:16; א׳ חַיִל 12:4; 31:10 Ru 3:11; א׳ מִדְיָנִים Pr 21:9; 25:24; 27:15; א׳ מ׳ וָכָ֑עַס 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.) Gn 2:24, 25; 3:8, 17; 4:1, 17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Dt 20:7; 28:30; בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Ex 21:3, 22; אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Ju 20:4; לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gn 12:19; 16:3; 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subj.); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subj.) Gn 20:12 Nu 36:3, 6⁽⁾, 11, 12 Dt 22:19, 29 +; for unfaithful wife cf. 1; cstr. in phr. אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Dt 13:7 cf. 28:54; א׳ נְעוּרֶיךָ Pr 5:18 Mal 2:14, 15; א׳ בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ v 14; אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lv 18:8, 11; 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gn 7:2⁽⁾; v. also sub 4.

† 4. With distrib. & recipr. sense, א׳ מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Ex 11:2 (E); cf. Ru 1:8, 9 Je 9:19; each one, of birds of prey Is 34:15 cf. v 16 (del. Bi Che); of cows (fig. of heartless women of Isr.) Am 4:3; of sheep (fig. of Isr.) Zc 11:9; & of inanimate things (P, & late) א׳ אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ Ex 26:3⁽⁾, 5, 6, 17 (P) Ez 1:9 (del. Co) v 23; 3:13.

אנת (the root of the pron. 2 pers. in Shemitic: أَنْتَ (˒anta), አንተ (˒anta) anta; f. أَنْتِ (˒anti), አንቲ (˒anti) antī; Biblical Aramaic Kt אַנְתָּה (m.), T אַנְתְּ & אַתְּ (both m. & f.); Syriac ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ (˒at), f. ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ܝ (˒aty), the n being written but not pronounced; Assyrian atta, f. atti-e Dl ^{55 a}, the nt being merged in the double t; Heb. similarly. Pl. أَنْتُمْ (˒antum), አንትሙ (˒antəmu) f. أَنْتُنَّ (˒antunna), አንትn (˒antən) Aramaic אַנְתּוּן, ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ܘܢ (˒atwn), f. אַתִּין, ܐܰܢ݈ܬܷ݁ܝܢ (˒ateyn), Assyrian attunu).

אַתָּ֫ה S TWOT GK^, , אָ֑תָּה (so regularly; but 26–7 times, with different disj. accents, אַ֑תָּה: v. Fr ²²⁸; Sta ^{178 a (read 8 for 18)} pron. 2 s. m. thou (for anta, v. supr.; cf. נָתַתָּ for נָתַנְתָּ) Gn 3:11, 19 + often. Written אַתָּ †1 S 24:18 ψ 6:4 Jb 1:10 Ec 7:22 Ne 9:6. Appended to a vb. for emph., Ex 18:19⁽⁾ 1 S 17:56 שְׁאַל אַתָּה inquire thou, 20:8; 22:18 Is 43:26 סַפֵּר אַתָּה. Added for the purpose of strengthening a gen. or accus. sf. 1 K 21:19 Pr 22:19 (Ges ^135.2).

אתי, i.e. אַתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (fem.), preserved, prob. dialectically, 7 times in Kt, Ju 17:2 1 K 14:2 2 K 4:16, 23; 8:1 Je 4:30 Ez 36:13. (V. supr. As in Syriac, the י may not have been fully sounded: the Massorites direct אַתְּ to be everywhere read.)

אַתְּ S TWOT GK, אָ֑תְּ pron. 2 s. f. thou (fem.) (shortened from אַתִּי (q.v.); in Syriac the two genders are written differently, ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁, ܐܰܢ݈ܬ݁ܝ (˒at, ˒aty), but, the ܝ (y) not being sounded, are pronounced alike: in T both are written אַתְּ or אַנְתְּ) Gn 12:11, 13; 24:23 + often. Thrice Nu 11:15 Dt 5:24 Ez 28:14 used as a masc. (as in Aramaic of T); but prob. אַתָּ (v. sub אַתָּה) should be here read.

אַתֶּם S TWOT^, GK pron. 2 m.pl. you (masc.) (for antem, v. supr.) Gn 9:7; 26:27; 29:4 + often. With הֲ, הָאַתֶּם †Ju 6:31; following the vb. for emph. Ju 15:12 Je 34:15; construed inaccurately with a fem. Ez 13:20.

†אַתֵּן S TWOT GK Ez 34:31 (many edd. אַתֶּן), אַתֵּ֫נָה Gn 31:6 Ez 13:11, 20 (edd. אַתֵּ֫נָּה) 34:17 pron. 2 f.pl. you (fem.)

I. אסה (perhaps cf. Arabic أَسَا (˒asā) heal, Aramaic אֲסָא, ܐܶܣܳܐ (˒eso)).

אָסָא S GK n.pr.m. (perhaps healer) I king of Judah, son of Abijam and father of Jehoshaphat 1 K 15:8, 9, 11 + 24 times 1 K 15. 16. 22; 1 Ch 3:10 2 Ch 13:23 + 28 times 2 Ch 14–21; Je 41:9. Perhaps apoc. theophoric name, cf. רְפָאֵל. Also son of Elkanah and father of Berechiah 1 Ch 9:16.

II. אסה (cf. Arabic أَسِىَ (˒asiya) be sorrowful, distressed).

†אָסוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. mischief, evil, harm; always abs. without art. Gn 42:4, 38 (as subj. of קרא), 44:29 (קרה), Ex 21:22, 23 (היה).

אָסוּךְ S TWOT GK v. סוך. v. I. סוך.

אסם TWOT (gather, store, Aramaic ܐܶܣܰܢ (˒esan)).

†[אָסָם S TWOT GK] n.m. Pr 3:10 storehouse (Aramaic אסנא, id., ܐܰܣܳܢܳܐ (˒asono) store, supply) pl. sf. אֲסָמֶיךָ Dt 28:8 Pr 3:10.

†אַסְנָה S GK n.pr.m. (Aramaic אֲסָנָא thorn-bush?) head of a family of Nethinim Ezr 2:50 (om. Ne 7:52).

†אָֽסְנַת S GK n.pr.f. wife of Joseph (G Ἀσεννεθ, GL Ἀσσενεθ; Egyptian, = belonging to (goddess) Neith (Thes); Cook^{Speaker’s i.479} proposes either As-Neit, favourite of Neith, or < Isis-Neit) Gn 41:45, 50; 46:20.

אָסַף S TWOT GK₂₀₀ vb. gather, remove (Assyrian esêpu, Dl ⁴⁵)—Qal Pf. אָסַף Gn 30:23 +; אָסַפְתָּ ψ 85:4, etc.; Impf. יֶאֱסֹף 2 K 5:3; יַאַסְפֵנִי ψ 27:10, etc.; also וַיֹּסֶף 2 S 6:1; 2 ms. תֹּסֵף ψ 104:29; 1 s. אֹסְפָה Mi 4:6; so prob. (sf.) אֹסִֽפְךָ 1 S 15:6 (read אֹסִפְךָ) v. Kö ³⁸² Dr; Imv. אֱסֹף Nu 21:16 + אֶסְפָה Nu 11:16; 2 fs. אִסְפִּי Je 10:17; אִסְפוּ ψ 50:5 +; Inf. abs. אָסֹף Je 8:13 + (Hiph., from סוף according to Ba ⁷³); cstr. אֱסֹף 2 K 5:7 +; אָסְפְּךָ Ex 23:16; אָסְפְּכֶם Lv 23:39; Pt. act. אֹסֵף Nu 19:10; אֹסִפְךָ 2 K 22:20 2 Ch 34:28 (pointed אֹסִֽפְךָ i.e. Hiph.; cf. Kö); אֹסְפָם ψ 39:7; pass. pl. cstr. אֲסֻפֵי Ez 34:29;— 1. gather, collect (a) persons Gn 29:22; 42:17 (sq. אֶל־) Ex 3:16; 4:29 Nu 11:16, 24; 21:16 Jos 2:18 (sq. אֶל־ + ־ה loc.) 24:1 (sq. ־ה loc.; all these JE); 1 S 5:8, 11 2 K 23:1 (sq. אֶל־) Jo 2:16 Is 11:12 Zp 3:8 Hb 2:5 Ez 11:17 (all || קבץ) +; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Nu 21:23 (E) Ju 11:20 1 S 17:1 2 S 10:17; 12:29 +; cf. Zc 14:2 (sq. אֶל־ against); (b) once obj. beasts Je 12:9; (c) things, especially fruits of earth Ex 23:10, 16 (Cov’t code) Lv 23:39; 25:3, 20 (H) Dt 11:14; 16:13; 28:38 Is 17:5 Je 40:10, 12 Jb 39:12 ψ 39:7; cf. Ru 2:7 (|| לקט glean); the quails Nu 11:32⁽⁾; food in gen. (מַאֲכָל) Gn 6:21 (sq. אֶל־); eggs Is 10:14; money 2 K 22:4 2 Ch 24:11; ashes of red heifer Nu 19:9, 10; chariots 1 K 10:26 2 Ch 1:14, etc.; of fisherman (בְּמִכְמַרְתּוֹ, in metaph.) Hb 1:15; of collecting wind Pr 30:4 מִי א׳־רוּחַ בְּחָפְנָיו. 2. gather an individual into company of others: (a) obj. pers. especially gather to one’s fathers 2 K 22:20 (עַל־אֲבֹתֶיךָ) = 2 Ch 34:28 (אֶל־; both || Niph. of same vb. q.v.); hence also (b) bring, obj. pers. 1 S 14:52 (on form here v. Dr) 2 S 11:27 (both sq. אֶל־), association, responsibility, protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Dt 22:2 (sq. אֶל־תּוֹךְ); hence also (c) take up, care for, subj. י׳ ψ 27:10 (cf. perhaps Is 40:11 קבץ); (d) draw up the feet upon the bed (אֶל־) Gn 49:33. 3. bring up the rear of Is 58:8 כְּבוֹד י׳ יַאַסְפֶ֑ךָ i.e. be thy rear-guard (|| הָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶ֑ךָ)—52:12 has Pi. מְאְסִּפְכֶם q.v. † 4. gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1 S 14:19 (obj. hand), Je 10:17 (bundle, sq. מִן), leper 2 K 5:11 (v. צרע); cf. also א׳ מִצָּרַעַת, remove (set free) a man from leprosy v 3, 6, 7; Gn 30:23 Is 4:1 (reproach), ψ 85:4 (wrath, || הֵשִׁיב), Je 16:5 (peace, sq. מִן), Jo 2:10; 4:15 (light), ψ 26:9 (נֶפֶשׁ) so Ju 18:25 ; ψ 104:29 (רוּחַ) v. also Jb 34:14 (sq. אֶל־); hence destroy 1 S 15:6 (obj. pers.); pass. אֲסֻפֵי רָעָב destroyed with hunger Ez 34:29; also Inf. abs. Je 8:13 Zp 1:2 (joined with הֵסִיף from סוף, v. Kö ⁴⁴⁵; considered Hiph. Inf. abs. by Ba ⁷³ v. supr.) Niph. Pf. נֶאֱסַף Nu 27:13 + נֶאֶסְפָה Je 48:33 etc.; Impf. יֵאָסֵף Ex 9:19 +; וַיֵּאָ֫סֶף Gn 25:8 +; יֵאָסֵכּ֑וּן ψ 104:22 etc.; Imv. הֵאָסֵף Dt 32:50; הֵאָֽסְפִי Je 47:6; הֵאָֽסְפוּ Gn 49:1 +; Inf. abs. הֵאָסֹף 2 S 17:11 (on form cf. Ba ⁷⁴); cstr. הֵאָסֵף Gn 29:7 Nu 12:15; Pt. נֶאֱסָף Gn 49:29; נֶאֱסָפִים 1 S 13:11 Is 13:4; נֶאֱסָפִים Is 57:1;— 1. assemble, be gathered, reflex. (a) subj. men Gn 49:1 (|| קבץ v 2), Is 43:9 (|| קבץ), 2 Ch 30:3 (sq. לְ) v 13 (sq. acc. loc.), Ezr 3:1; 9:4 Ne 8:1, 13 (all sq. אֶל־) 9:1; 12:28; earlier mostly of assembling for war Gn 34:30 (sq. עַל־), Jos 10:5 Ju 6:33; 9:6; 10:17 (|| נצעק), 20:11 (sq. אֶל־) v 14 (sq. ־ה loc.), 1 S 13:11 (sq. acc. loc.) +; (b) subj. flocks, etc. Gn 29:3 (pass.; sq. שָׁמָּה) v 7, 8 (all J); fish Nu 11:22 (cf. Hb 1:16 Qal); (c) inanim. subj. herbs Pr 27:25; water 2 S 14:14 (in sim.); bones for burial Je 8:2 cf. 25:33 (bodies of slain) v. also Ez 29:5 (|| קבץ which Co reads קבר), appar. = compose, arrange for burial so יֵאָסֵף Jb 27:19; but read prob. יאסִף = יוֹסִף (Ex 5:7), G S Ew De Di Du. 2. pass. of Qal 2; (a) be gathered to one’s fathers נֶא׳ אֶל־אֲבוֹהָיו Ju 2:10; elsewhere to one’s people אֶל־עַמָּיו (all P) Gn 25:8, 17; 35:29 (|| וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת) 49:29, 33 (|| גוע), Nu 20:24, 26 (|| מות) 27:13; 31:2 Dt 32:50⁽⁾ (both || מות); also אֶל־קִבְרֹתֶיךָ 2 K 22:20 = 2 Ch 34:28 (both || Qal q.v.); abs. Nu 27:13; (b) be brought in (into association with others, etc.) Nu 12:14, 15 (E) of Miriam, after leprosy; also refl. betake oneself, of Moses 11:30 (E), cf. 2 S 17:13 (both sq. אֶל־); even with inanim. subj. Je 47:6 הֵאָֽסְפִי אֶל־תַּעְרֵךְ (addressed to sword); of man & beast brought home (sq. ־ה loc.) for protection Ex 9:19.

3. Pass. of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish, of men Is 57:1⁽⁾ (|| אבד); fish Ho 4:3; gladness Is 16:10 Je 48:33 (sq. מִן); also reflex., withdraw itself, of moon Is 60:20 (|| בוא שׁמשׁ). †Pi. Pt. מְאַסֵּף Nu 10:25 +; מְאָֽסְפָיו Is 62:9 (so BD v. Kö²⁰¹); מְאַסִּפְכֶם Is 52:12;— 1. gather harvest Is 62:9 (|| קבץ); bodies for burial Je 9:21. 2. take in, receive into (sq. בְּיְתָה) Ju 19:15, 18. 3. as subst. rearguard, rearward Nu 10:25 (P) Jos 6:9, 13 (both E); fig. of God Is 52:12. †Pu. Pf. וְאֻסַּף (cons.) Is 33:4 Zc 14:14 etc.; Pt. מְאֻסָּף, Ez 38:12—be gathered, of men Is 24:22 Ho 10:10 (sq. עַל against), Ez 38:12; booty Is 33:4; wealth Zc 14:14. †Hithp. Inf. הִתְאַסֵּף Dt 33:5 gather themselves.

†אֹ֫סֶף S TWOT GK n.m. Is 32:10 gathering (on formation cf. Ba ¹⁰⁹) of summer fruit אָסְפֵּי־קַיִץ Mi 7:1; cf. abs. אֹסָף Is 32:10; א׳ הֶחָסִיל gathering of the locust, i.e. as the locust devours, destroys Is 33:4.

אָסָף S GK n.pr.m. (gatherer, cf. Ph. n.pr.f. אספת) † 1. father of יוֹאָח the recorder 2 K 18:18, 37 = Is 36:3, 22. 2. one of David’s chief musicians, a Levite, son of Berechiah 1 Ch 6:24⁽⁾ (|| הֵימָן v 18, אֵיתָן v 29 vid. these names); 15:17 (|| Heman & Ethan, all called) הַמְשֹׁרֲרִים v 19, v. also 16:5⁽⁾, 7 cf. v 37 (|| Heman & Jeduthun v 41, 42); 25:9, named with Heman & Jeduthun also 25:6 2 Ch 5:12; 35:15; ψ 50. 73–83 are ascribed to Asaph; cf. also בִּימֵי דָוִיד וְאָסָף Ne 12:46; he is called also הַחֹזֶה 2 Ch 29:30, cf. אָסָף הַנִּבָּא עַל־יְדֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 25:2; repeated mention is made also of sons of Asaph בְּנֵי־אָסָף, sons, descendants, and pupils, or those who sang and played after his manner 1 Ch 25:1 (|| Heman & Jeduthun) v 2⁽⁾; called הַמְשֹׁרֲרִים 2 Ch 35:15 Ezr 2:41 Ne 7:44; 11:22, cf. Ezr 3:10; performing service of purification, Hezekiah’s time 2 Ch 29:13, one of them prophesying 2 Ch 20:14;—1 Ch 26:1 for בְּנֵי אָסָף read בְּנֵי אֶבְיָסָף, cf. 9:19; on זִכְרִי 9:15, זַבְדִּי Ne 11:17, זַכּוּר 12:35, called בֶּן־אָסָף, v. these names. † 3. keeper of king’s park Ne 2:8.

†אָסִיף S TWOT GK n.[m.] ingathering, harvest (on formation cf. Lag ¹⁷³ Ba ¹³⁶) חַג הָאָסִיף Ex 34:22 (J); ח׳ הָאָסִף Ex 23:16 (E)—both Cov’t codes.

†[אָסֹף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] what is gathered, store, hence בֵּית הָאֲסֻפִּים store-house, near south gate of temple 1 Ch 26:15 (cf. 2 Ch 25:24); v 17 הָא׳ alone in same sense; cf. אֲסֻפֵּי הַשְּׁעָרִים Ne 12:25.

†אֲסֵפָה S TWOT GK n.f.verbal. a collecting, gathering; אֻסְּפוּ א׳ אַסִּיר Is 24:22 they are collected, as a collecting captives unto a pit (dungeon); or they are gathered with a gathering (as) captives, cf. 22:18; but perhaps read אֹסֶף הָאַסִּיר (cstr.); v. Weir Che.

†[אֲסֻפָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. collection (cf. Ph. אספת assembly) only בַּעֲלֵי אֲסֻפּוֹת Ec 12:11 (דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים) compared to driven nails; members of learned assemblies Thes MV al.; so postB Heb. NHWB^{i. 127}; but Hitz-Now al. refer to the wise utterances, called lords (possessors) of collection because of their well-connected grouping.

†[אֲסַפְסֻף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] collection, rabble, only הָאסַפְסֻף Nu 11:4 of the camp-followers attending Hebrews at the Exodus.

†אַסְפָּ֑תָא S GK n.pr.m. 3rd son of Haman Est 9:7 (Pers. aspadâta, ab equo sacre datus according to Thes Add⁷¹, after Pott & Benefy).

†[אָסַר S TWOT GK] vb. tie, bind imprison (Arabic أَسَرَ (˒asara), Assyrian asâru, cf. COT, Aramaic אֲסַר, ܐܶܣܰܪ (˒esar), Ethiopic አሰረ, አሠረ (˒asara, ˒ašara))—Qal Pf. sf. אֲסָרָם Jb 36:13; 3 fs. אָֽסְרָה Nu 30:5 +, etc.; Impf. יֶאְסֹר 1 K 20:14; וַיֶּאֱסֹר Gn 42:24; וַיֶּאְסֹר Gn 46:29 +; pl. sf. יַאַסְרֻנִי Ju 16:7 etc.; Imv. אֱסֹר 1 K 18:44 2 K 9:21; אִסְרוּ Je 46:4 ψ 118:27; Inf. abs. אָסֹר Ju 15:13; אָסוֹר 16:11; cstr. לֶאְסֹר Nu 30:3 +; לֶאֱסוֹר Ju 15:10; לֶאֱסָרְךָ 15:12; אָסֳּרָם Ho 10:10; Pt. act. cstr. אֹסְרִי Gn 49:11; pass. אָסוּר Gn 40:3 +; pl. אֲסוּרִים 39:20 +; also Ju 16:21, 25 Qr (Kt אסירים); הָסוּרִים Ec 4:14 (cf. Now); אֲסֻרוֹת 2 S 3:34; cstr. אסורי Gn 39:20 Kt (Qr אֲסִירֵי);— 1. tie, bind, for security, foal to vine (sq. ל) Gn 49:11 (blessing of Jacob); horses and asses 2 K 7:10⁽⁾; ψ 118:27 is dub. De bind the festal victim with cords; Che bind the procession with branches, etc. 2. tie, harness, kine to (ב) cart 1 S 6:7, 10; so (metaph.) Ho 10:10 harness them to (ל) their two iniquities (but Jer Ew Now make א׳ here = יסר chastise, cf. אֶסֳּרֵם v a); also sq. acc. chariot Gn 46:29 (J) Ex 14:6 (E) 2 K 9:21; abs. 1 K 18:44 2 K 9:21; even of making ready chargers א׳ הַסּוּסִים Je 46:4 (|| עֲלוּ הַפָּרָשִׁים). 3. bind, with cords, fetters, etc., as prisoner, Simeon Gn 42:24 (E), Samson Ju 15:10, 12, 13⁽⁾; 16:5, 7, 8, 11⁽⁾, 12; א׳ בַּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם 2 K 25:7 = 2 Ch 36:6 = Je 39:7; 52:11; also 2 Ch 33:11; cf. (without בַּנ׳) 2 K 17:4 (א׳ בֵּית כֶּלֶא || עָצַר), 23:33; cf. of divine chastisement Jb 36:13 & v. also Ez 3:25 ψ 149:8; fig. of absolute authority ψ 105:22; especially Pt. pass. 2 S 3:34 thy hands were not bound (|| and thy feet not put in fetters); א׳ בָּאֿזִקִּים Je 40:1 cf. א׳ בַּזִּקִּים Jb 36:8 (prob. fig. || חַבְלֵי־עֹ֑נִי); metaph. of king held captive by a woman’s tresses Ct 7:6; perhaps = imprisoned (whether bound or not) Gn 39:20; 40:3, 5 (all JE); as subst. pl. prisoners Gn 39:20 (Kt, v. supr.); so (late) as distressed, & obj. of divine compassion Is 49:9; 61:1 ψ 146:7; בֵּית האסיר֯ים prison Ju 16:21, 25; cf. Ec 4:14. 4. gird (rare & late) א׳ אֵזוֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶם Jb 12:18 (אֵזוֹר = slaves’ waistcloth, RS p. 25 supr.; Hoffm reads וַיָּסַר for וַיֶּאְסֹר); חַרְבּוֹ אֲסוּרִים עַל־מָתְנָיו Ne 4:12. 5. sq. מִלְחָמָה begin the battle, make the attack (cf. Germ. mit jemandem anbinden) 1 K 20:14 2 Ch 13:3. 6. fig. of obligation of oath or vow (only Nu 30, P) א׳ עַל־נֶפֶשׁ, usually sq. acc. cogn. אֱסָר, אִסָּר Nu 30:3, 5⁽⁾, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12; without אֱסָר etc., v 7, 10; cf. v 4 א׳ אִסָּר (עַל־נֶפֶשׁ om.) Niph. pass. of Qal 3, be bound, imprisoned, Impf. (juss.) יֵאָסֵר Gn 42:19 (E); 2 ms. תֵּאָסֵר Ju 16:6, 10, 13 (of Samson); Imv. הֵאָֽסְרוּ Gn 42:16 (E). Pu. Pf. be taken prisoner אֻסְּרוּ Is 22:3; אֻסָּ֑רוּ ib.

†אֵסוּר S TWOT GK n.m. Ju 15:14 band, bond (Aramaic אֱסוּר, ܐܰܣܽܘܪܳܐ (˒asuro); on the form v. Ges ^{84 a 12. R.}) אֲסוּרָיו, of Samson Ju 15:14; אֲסוּרִים Ec 7:26 of hands of evil woman; בֵּית הָאֵסוּר = prison Je 37:15.

†אָסִיר S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 39:20 bondman, prisoner (Arabic أَسِيرٌ (˒asīrun), Aramaic ܐܰܣܺܝܪܳܐ (˒asiro), MI אסר)—א׳ abs. ψ 79:11; 102:21; pl. אֲסִירִם Gn 39:22 =, cf. Ju 16:21, 25 Kt; cstr. אֲסִירֵי ψ 107:10 +, Gn 39:20 Qr; אֲסִירָיו ψ 69:34 +, etc.;—prisoner Gn 39:20, 22 (J), elsewhere only poetic; Is 14:17; as having rest in grave from task-master Jb 3:18; especially as obj. of divine compassion ψ 68:7 (|| יָחִיד), 69:34 (|| אֶבְיוֹן); אֶנְקַת א׳ 79:11; 102:21 (both || בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה), 107:10 א׳ עֳנִי וּבַרְזֶל (|| ישְׁבֵי חֹשֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָ֑וֶת); cf. א׳ אָ֑רֶץ La 3:34; specif. of liberated exiles of Isr. Zc 9:11, called captives of hope א׳ הַתִּקְוָה v 12.

I. †אַסִּיר S^, TWOT GK^, n.[m.] mostly coll. prisoners (according to Ol ^{185 a} corruption of אָסִיר, cf. Lag ¹¹⁰) taken in battle Is 10:4 (Lag ^{i. 105; 1884, 259} reads חַת אֹסִיר etc., Osiris is broken, but cf. Che^{crit. n.}), 24:22 (sim. of judgment upon kings of earth); 42:7 (|| ישְׁבֵי חֹשֶׁךְ; ref. to exiled Isr., but v. also Hi Che Di); 1 Ch 3:17 בְּנֵי יְכָנְיָה אַסִּר prob. = sons of Jeconiah the captive (yet note omission of art.) so Be Zö Öt al.; G B trans. as n.pr.

I. †אַסִּיר S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. son of Korah Ex 6:24 1 Ch 6:7; called son of Ebiasaph v 8, 22.

†אִסָּר S TWOT GK n.m. Nu 30:8 bond, binding obligation (cf. Biblical Aramaic אֱבָר, Syriac ܐܶܣܳܪ (˒esor); so forms with suff. infr. v. Ba⁶² cf. Sta ^208a; but perhaps Aramaic loanword v. Lag ¹⁷⁵)—א׳ abs. Nu 30:3 +; cstr. אִסַּר v 13; sf. אֱסָרָהּ v 5; pl. sf. אֱסָרֶיהָ v 6, 15, אֱסָרֶהָ v 8—only Nu 30 (P), binding obligation of oath or vow; mostly acc. cogn. with אָסַר (q.v.); Nu 30:3, 4, 5⁽⁾, 6, 8, 11, 12; אִסַּר נַפְשָׁהּ v 13; שְׁבֻעַת אַסָּר binding oath v 14.

†מָסֹ֫רֶת S TWOT GK n.f. cstr. מ׳ הַבְּרִית bond of the covenant Ez 20:37 (= מַאֲסֹרֶת; text dub. cf. Lag^{GN 1882, 168 f. 61}; Co reads מוסר, i.e. מוּסָר v. sub יסר; so S).

†[מוֹסֵר S TWOT GK] n.m. Is 28:22 band, bond, poet. & late (= מֹאסֵר; Ethiopic ማእሰr (mā˒əsar) Syriac ܡܶܐܣܰܪܬܳܐ (mesarto), cf. Assyrian mêsiru, sheathing, plating, e.g. Lyon^{Sargontexte, p. 16, l. 65 & p. 80})—cstr. מוֹמַר Jb 12:18 (so Di Hoffm al. for מוּסַר); pl. מוֹסֵרוֹת Je 5:5; 27:2; cstr. מֹסְרוֹת Jb 39:5; מוֹסְרֵי Is 52:2; sf. מוֹסֵרָי֑ ψ 116:16; מוֹסְרוֹתֶיךָ Je 30:8; מוֹסְרֵיכֶם Is 28:22; מוֹסְרוֹתֵי֑מוֹ ψ 2:3 etc.;—bands acc. after פִתֵּתַ Jb 39:5 restraining-bands of wild ass; ψ 116:16 bonds of distress; Is 52:2 מ׳ צַוָּארֵךְ bonds of captivity of Zion, vb. Hithp.; cf. also Jb 12:18 מוֹסַר מְלָכִים פִּתֵּחַ (so read, v. supr. & AV RV); Di understands bonds imposed by kings; Hoffm girdles of kings, & reads וַיָּסַר in ||, for וַיֶּאְסַר; more often acc. after נִתֵּק ψ 2:3 bonds imposed by י׳ & his anointed, cf. Je 5:5 & 2:20 (G B, v. Comm.); of Yahweh’s breaking bonds of Isr. Je 30:8 Na 1:13 (last four || שָׁבַר עֹל), bonds of oppressed ψ 107:14; יֶחְזְקוּ מ׳ Is 28:22, i.e. bonds imposed by Assyria; cf. Je 27:2 (|| מֹט) lit., symbol. of rule of Nebuchadrezzar.

†מוֹסֵרָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. station of Isr. in wilderness, where Aaron died (this was Mt. Hor according to Nu 20:22 f.; 33:37 f.) Dt 10:6; locality unknown. Another form is

†מֹסֵרוֹת S GK n.pr.loc. id., Nu 33:30, 31.

†אֵסַרְחַדֹּן n.pr.m. Esarhaddon (Assyrian Ašuraḫ-iddina, Ashur hath given a brother) king of Assyria b.c. 681–668, son & successor of Sennacherib Is 37:38 = 2 K 19:37 (van d. H. אֵסַר־חַדֹּן); Ezr 4:2; cf. COT.

אֶסְתֵּר S GK n.pr.f. Esther (Pers. stâra, star)—daughter of Abihail, cousin and adopted daughter of Mordecai, of tribe of Benjamin; made queen in Vashti’s place by Ahasuerus; her Jewish name הֲדַסָּה q.v. Est 2:7, 8, 10, 11, 15⁽⁾, 16, 17 + 47 times Est.

i. אַף S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, v. sub אנף.

ii. אַף S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, conj. denoting addition, especially of something greater, also, yea (so Ph. Aramaic ܐܳܦ (˒op), אַף, אוֹף; cf. فَ (fa)). 1. very rare in plain prose (in which גַּם is more usual): Gn 40:16 (with pron., as rather often) I also in my dream, Nu 16:14 Dt 2:11, 20 2 S 20:14 (v. Dr) 2 K 2:14 Est 5:12; more freq. in poetry, especially as introducing emphatically a new thought Dt 33:3, 20, 28 1 S 2:7 ψ 16:6, 7, 9; 18:49; 65:14 they shout for joy, yea, they sing! 68:9, 17; 74:16; 89:28; 93:1 Pr 22:19; 23:28 +; or in more elevated prose style, Lv 26:16, 24, 28, 41; and 25 times in the impassioned rhetoric of Is 2 (40:24–48:15), e.q. 40:24; 41:10, 26; 42:13; 43:7, 19; 46:11 yea, I have spoken, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed, I will also do it! 48:12, 15. Implying something surprising or unexpected, even, indeed Jb 14:3; 15:4. וְאַף and also Lv 26:39, 40, 42, 44 Dt 15:17 Hb 2:15 ψ 68:19 1 Ch 8:32 = 9:38 2 Ch 12:5 Ne 2:18; 13:15; and even Jb 19:4 וְאַף־אָמְנָם שָׁגִיתִי and even indeed (if) I have erred … With הֲ, הַאַף indeed …? really …? †Gn 18:13, 23 wilt thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? v 24 Am 2:11 Jb 34:17; 40:8. In contrast to a preceding thought (expressed or implied) but, nay (imo) ψ 44:10; 58:3; cf. Ju 5:29.

2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with ref. to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori, the more so ( = how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a neg. one): †2 S 4:10 f. when one told me, Saul is dead … I took hold of him and slew him … אַף כִּי־אֲנָשִׁים רְשָׁעִים הָרְגוּ וג׳ à fortiori, how much more (should I do so), when wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ez 14:21 (Ew Hi) 15:5 Pr 21:27 (in all these passages כִּי = when) Jb 4:19. So וְאַף †1 S 23:3 2 K 5:13 וְאַף כִּי־אָמַר אֵלֶיךָ … and the more ( = and how much rather), when he hath said to thee, etc. More commonly in this sense strengthened by כִּי (q.v.), v. infr.

אַף כִּי 1. furthermore †Ez 23:40 Hb 2:5 (Ges quin imo, quin etiam). 2. in a qu., indeed (is it) that …? †Gn 3:1 אַף כִּי־אָמַר אֱלֹהִים indeed, that God has said …? i.e. has God really said …? (cf. הַאַף above). 3. with ref. to a preceding sentence (which is often introduced by הֵן or הִנֵּה) yea, that …! i.e. how much more (or less)! †Pr. 11:31 lo, the righteous is recompensed in the earth אַֹ֝ף כִּי רָשָׁע וְחוֹטֵא ’tis indeed that ( = how much more) the wicked and the sinner! 15:11; 17:7; 19:7, 10 Jb 9:14; 15:16; 25:6 1 S 14:30 1 K 8:27 ( = 2 Ch 6:18) lo, the heavens … cannot contain thee אַ֕ף כִּי הַבַּיִת הַוֶּה ’tis indeed that this house (cannot do so), i.e. how much less this house! 2 Ch 32:15. So וְאַ581 ֫֒כִּי †Dt 31:27 1 S 21:6 (perhaps; v. RS^i.436 Dr ²⁹³) 23:3 2 S 16:11 2 K 5:13. (In Jb 35:14 (Hi De) Ne 9:18 אַף כִּי is simply = yea, when …)

אפד (existence & meaning dub. Thes MV al. identify with אָפַד gird on, but this denom. v. infr.; Lag ^{178; GN 1890, p. 15} proposes وفد (wfd), come as ambassador, as √ of אֵפוֹד).

אֵפוֹד S TWOT GK (28 times) & אֵפֹד S^, TWOT^, GK^, (20 times) n.m. Ex 28:7 ephod (Ethiopic ኤፉድ (˒efud) cf. Aramaic ܦܶܕܬܳܐ (pedto) id. (on meaning v. Lag), perhaps also Assyrian pid, pittu Zim ³⁹; on form v. Ges ^{84 a 12. R.} but Lag comp. وفاد (wf˒d), & thinks אֵפוֹד shortened from חֵשֶׁב הָא׳ ‘robe of approach’ to Good)—א׳ abs. Ex 25:7 +; cstr. 1 S 2:18 +;— 1. ephod, priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle; a. as worn by ordinary priest made of white stuff (בַּד) 1 S 22:18; נֹשֵׂא א׳ cf. 2; so Samuel as a temple-servant 2:8, חָגוּר א׳ girt with an eph.; so David when dancing before ark 2 S 6:14 (id.) 1 Ch 15:27 וְעַל דויד א׳; b. as prescribed in P for high priest, more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שֵׁשׁ) threads, provided with shoulder-pieces & breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold, Ex 25:7; 28:4, 6, 12, 15; 29:5; 35:9, 27; 39:2, 7 + 17 times Ex 28, 39, also Lv 8:7; cf. prob. 1 S 2:28 (נֹשֵׂא א׳) 14:3; 21:10 (v. sub 2); חְשֶׁב הָא׳ Ex 28:27, 28; 29:5; 39:20, 21 Lv 8:7; מְעִיל הָא׳ Ex 29:5; 39:22 (cf. Lv 8:7); with vb. נָתַן אֶת־הָא׳ עַל־ put the ephod on Aaron Lv 8:7. 2. ephod used in consulting י׳ 1 S 23:6 א׳ borne in hand (read יָרַד וְהָא׳ בְּיָדוֹ G We Dr) v 9; 30:7⁽⁾ (all c. הִגִּישׁ) + 14:18a (הגישׁ) & v 18b, in both read הָא׳ for ארון & v 18b also נֹשֵׂא G Klo Dr; a. according to Thes MV Di Ex 28:6 al. properly sub 1 b; consultation of י׳ in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the ephod (cf. Ex 28:28–30 & v. אוּרִים); if so, in view of נשׂא 1 S 2:28; 14:3, 18 (cf. supr.), not used elsewhere = wear except 22:18, & of 23:6, the word might be used by meton. for the breast-piece itself; b. others, e.g. Sta ^{i. 466, 471} Bu ¹¹⁵ al., think of an image representing י׳; cf. following. 3. a. ephod of gold made by Gideon Ju 8:27 for a local sanctuary, by which Isr. was ensnared; = 2 b according to S Thes (‘sine controversia’) Stu al. + Sta Bu l.c.; orig. = gold sheathing of an image (cf. etymol. supr. & Is 30:22 sub אֲפֻדָּה); MV Be Kö^{Hauptprobleme 59} think of garment, as sub 1 v. supr. b. made (material not given) for a private, local sanctuary Ju 17:5; 18:14, 17, 18, 20 (|| פֶּסֶל, מַסֵּכָה, תְּרָפִים in all, for G gives מַסֵּכָה v 20, om. ℌ); cf. Ho 3:4 Isr. shall abide without king, prince, sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; according to Thes al. + Sta Bu l.c. = 2 b; Stu Be Ry al. regard as sub 1; in view of distinction from פסל, מסכה & תרפים it seems more likely that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity, perhaps in imitation of Urim & Thummim.

†אֵפֹד S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. father of a chief of Manasseh Nu 34:23.

†[אָפַד S TWOT^, GK] vb.denom. gird on ephod, Qal Pf. וְאָפַדְתָּ לוֹ בְּחֵשֶׁב הָאֵפֹד Ex 29:5 and thou shalt gird the ephod upon him with the cunningly-wrought band of the ephod; so Impf. וַיֶּאְפֹּד לוֹ בּוֹ (|| חגר) Lv 8:7.

†אֲפֻדָּה S TWOT^, GK n.f. ephod (= אֵפוֹד, for which it supplies cstr. & sf. forms). 1. of high-priest’s ephod, cf. אֵפוֹד 1 b, only חֵשֶׁב אֲפֻדָּתוֹ Ex 28:8; 39:5 the cunningly-wrought band of his ephod. 2. of sheathing of idol-images, אֲפֻדַּת מַסֵּכַת זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Is 30:22 (|| צִפּוּי פְּסִילֵי כַסְפֶּךָ) cf. אֵפוֹד 3 a.

†[אַפֶּ֫דֶן S TWOT^, GK] n.[m.] palace (Syriac ܐܳܦܰܕܢܳܐ (˒opadno); both from Pers. apadâna, cf. Spiegel^{Altpers. Keilschr. 128}, but this = treasury, armoury, M. Schultze ^{1885, 48 f.}) אָהֳלֵי אַפַּדְֿנוֹ Dn 11:45, of the ‘king of the north,’ i.e. Antiochus Epiphanes. Dieulafoy ^{xvi (1888), p. ccixxv f.} makes apadâna, more precisely, throne-room, cf. Dr Dn 11:45.

†אָפָה S TWOT GK vb. bake (Assyrian epû, Zim ⁴³ Aramaic אֲפָא, ܐܶܦܳܐ (˒epo))—Qal Pf. א׳ Gn 19:3; אָפִיתִי Is 44:19; וְאָפוּ consec. Lv 26:26 etc.; Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתֹּפֵחוּ 1 S 28:24; יֹאפוּ Ez 46:20; תֹּאפוּ Ex 16:23; Imv. אֵפוּ Ex 16:23; Pt. אֹפֶח Gn 40:1 +; אֹפֵהֶם Ho 7:6; pl. אֹפִים Gn 40:16 +; אֹפוֹת 1 S 8:13, etc.—bake, obj. לֶחֶם Lv 26:26 (H) Is 44:15, 19 (cf. Je 37:21); מַצּוֹת Gn 19:3 (J) 1 S 28:24; עֻגֹת מצות Ex 12:39 (J); חַלּוֹת Lv 24:5 (H); מִנְחָה Ez 46:20; מָן Ex 16:23⁽⁾ (P;—c. 2nd obj. of material Ex 12:39 בָּצֵק, Lv 24:5 סֹלֶת, 1 S 28:24 קֶמַח). Pt. always as subst. baker Gn 40:1, 2, 5, 16, 17, 20, 22; 41:10 (all E) Ho 7:4, 6; Je 37:21 מִחוּץ הָא׳ out of the bakers’ street; also 1 S 8:13 (|| טַבָּחוֹת, רַקָּחוֹת; only here fem.) Nowhere as a menial office, not even 1 S 8:13 where despotic power & growth of court emphasized. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. תֵּאָפֶה Lv 6:10; 7:9; 3 fpl. תֵּאָפֶנָה Lv 23:17;—pass. of Qal be baked, baken of לֶחֶם Lv 23:17; מִנְחָה 7:9 cf. 6:10.

†[מַאֲפֶה S TWOT GK] n.[m.] thing baked, cstr. מִנְחָה מַאֲפֵה תַנּוּר Lv 2:4.

†אֵפוֹ S TWOT GK (Jb 17:15; 19:6, 23; 24:25), elsewhere אֵפוֹא S TWOT GK (cf. רִבּוֹ and רִבּוֹא), enclitic part. then (prob. from פּוֹ, a part. with a demonstr. force, cf. פּוֹ, פֹּה here, with א prefixed. In the Targs. פּוֹן is used somewhat similary, e.g. Gn 26:10 Nu 11:29 Is 1:9; 48:18, 19),—used 1. in connexion with interrogatory pronouns or adverbs (like ἄρα, ποτε, tandem): מִי אֵפוֹא Gn 27:33 who, then, …? v 37 וּלְכָה אֵפוֹא מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה and for thee, then, what shall I do, my son? Ex 33:16 וּבַמֶּה יִוָּדַע אֵפוֹא and wherein shall it be known, then …? אַיֵּה אֵפוֹא where, then? Ju 9:38 Is 19:12 Jb 17:15; Ho 13:10 אֱהִי מַלְכְּךָ אֵפוֹא; Is 22:1 מַה־לָּךְ אֵפוֹא what is there to thee, pray …? 2. in a command or wish: 2 K 10:10 דְּעוּ אֵפוֹא know, then; (in apod.) Pr 6:3 Jb 19:6; Jb 19:23 מִי־יִתֵּן אֵפוֹ וְיִכָּֽתְבוּן מִלָּי֑ would, then, that my words were written! 3. after אִם, Gn 43:11 אִם־כֵּן אֵפוֹא זֹאת עֲשׂוּ if it be so, then, do this, Jb 9:24 if not then, who is it? 24:25.

†אֲפִיחַ S GK n.pr.m. an ancestor of Saul 1 S 9:1 (etymology & meaning dubious).

אפל TWOT (Arabic أَفَلَ (˒afala) disappear, depart, set (of the sun)).

†אֹ֫פֶל S TWOT GK n.m. Jb 3:6 darkness, gloom (only poet.)—א׳ always abs.— 1. darkness, of night ψ 91:6 (opp. צָֽהֳרָֽיִם); deep in the earth, אֶבֶן א׳ Jb 28:3 (|| חֹשֶׁךְ, צַלְמָוֶת); darkness, gloom of underworld Jb 10:22⁽⁾ (|| אֶרֶץ חֹשֶׁךְ, א׳ עֵיפָפָה, צַלְמָוֶת); personif. Jb 3:6 that night—let darkness take it יִקָּחֵהוּ א׳; fig. of spiritual darkness Is 29:18 (|| חֹשֶׁךְ); of secrecy, treachery ψ 11:2. 2. especially fig. of calamity Jb 23:17 (|| חשׁך q.v.), 30:26 (opp. אוֹר).

†אָפֵל S TWOT GK adj. gloomy, of day of י׳ Am 5:20 (|| חשׁך, opp. נֹגַהּ) cf. אֲפֵלָה.

†אֲפֵלָה S TWOT GK n.f. darkness, gloominess, calamity—א׳ Ex 10:22 +; אֲפֵלָתְךָ Is 58:10; pl. אֲפֵלוֹת Is 59:9— 1. darkness Dt 28:29 Pr 7:9 (|| אִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה); of supernatural darkness in Egypt Ex 10:22; of day of י׳ (cf. Am 5:20 sub אָפֵל) Jo 2:2 Zp 1:15 (both || חשׁך, ענן, ערפל) sim. of wickedness Je 23:12 Pr 4:19. 2. fig. of calamity Is 8:22 (|| חֲשֵׁכָה), 58:10 (|| חשׁך, opp. צהרים), 59:9 (|| id., opp. נגהות).

†[אָפִיל S TWOT GK] adj. (darkened, concealed, thence) late, of crops;—אֲפִילֹת Ex 9:32 of wheat & spelt.

†מַאֲפֵל S TWOT GK n.[m.] darkness, Jos 24:7 (E) וַיָּשֶׂם מ׳ בֵּינֵיכֶם וג׳, between Hebrews & Egyptians.

†מַאְפֵּלְיָה S TWOT GK n.f. deep darkness ( = מַאֲפֵל יָהּ according to Thes MV cf. Ct 8:6 שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה; but Ew ^{165 b} & on Je 2:31 reads מַאְפִּלִיָּה, fem. of [מאפלי], der. from Hiph. Pt.; cf. Sta ^{302 b} מַאְפְּלִיָּה; Jäger ⁴⁷¹ thinks this יָה an enclitic part. of emphasis, & comp. Assyrian)—only אֶרֶץ מ׳ Je 2:31 fig. of י׳ in dealing with his people (|| מִדְבָּר).

אֶפְלָל S GK v. sub פלל.

אפן TWOT (meaning dub., perhaps turn, cf. פנה).

†אוֹפַן S TWOT GK, אוֹפָן n.m. Ez 1:20 wheel.—abs. אוֹפַן 1 K 7:32 +; אוֹפָן Ez 1:16 +; cstr. אוֹפַן 1 K 7:33 Is 28:27; אֹפַן Ex 14:25; pl. אוֹפַנִּים 1 K 7:32 +; cstr. אוֹפַנֵּי 1 K 7:30; אוֹפַנֵּיהֶם Ez 10:12, etc.—a. wheel of chariot (מֶרְכָּבָה) Ex 14:25 1 K 7:33 Na 3:2; of (threshing) cart (עֲגָלָה) Is 28:27 cf. Pr 20:26 (as instr. of punishment). b. wheels in Ezek.’s vision Ez 1:15, 16⁽⁾, 19⁽⁾, 20⁽⁾, 21, (del. Co) 21; 3:13; 10:6, 9⁽⁾, 10⁽⁾, 12⁽⁾, 13, 16⁽⁾, 19; 11:22. c. wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Sol.’s temple 1 K 7:30, 32⁽⁾, 33.

†[אֹ֫פֶן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] circumstance, condition (perhaps lit. turning) only du. (or pl.) sf. עַל־אָפְנָיו = in (right) circumstances Pr 25:11 (cf. Str ad loc., also Orelli^{Syn. d. Zeit u. Ewigkelt 38 f.}).

†אָפ֑וּנָה S TWOT GK ψ 88:16 (ἅπ. λεγ. Dl ^{135 f.} comp. Assyrian appuna(ma) adv. = ma˒diš, very, very much, but dub.; Thes MV form from √ פון, & comp. Arabic أَفَنَ (˒afana) diminuit, mente diminuit (Frey), hence be confused, helpless, cf. G ἐξηπορήθην; B conturbatus sum; others emend אָפוּגָה or אֶפּוֹגָה from פּוּג q.v., but vb. not needed for parallelism. Arabic أَفَنَ (˒afana) in fact = milk (camel, etc.) dry, empty; مأفون (m˒fwn) = empty-headed man; this does not support be confused, helpless (GFM, privately)).

†אָפֵס S TWOT GK (cf. II. פָּסַס) vb. cease, fail, come to an end: only Qal Pf. 3 ms.; Gn 47:15, 16 (of money, כֶּסֶף), Is 16:4 (extortioner: || כָּלָה, תַּם), 29:20 (terrible one: || כָּלָה, נִכְרַת), ψ 77:9 (חַסְדּוֹ: || גָּמַר).

†אֶ֫פֶס S TWOT GK, אָ֑פֶס n.m. proposes ceasing, hence 1. end, extremity, only in the poet. phrase אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ (ψ 59:14 א׳ הארץ) ends, extreme limits, of the earth, used especially hyperbolically: Dt 33:17 1 S 2:10 Mi 5:3 Je 16:19 ψ 2:8; 59:14; 72:8 ( = Zc 9:10); + כָּל־ Is 45:22; 52:10b ( = ψ 98:3b) ψ 22:28; 67:8 Pr 30:4.

2. Expressing non-existence: a. as subst. (mostly a rare poet. syn. of אַיִן): Is 34:12 and all his princes יִהְיוּ אָ֑פֶס shall become nought, 41:29; 41:12 יִהְיוּ כְאַיִן וּכְאֶפֶס; 40:17 מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ (|| כְּאַיִן) as made of nought and worthlessness are they accounted by him, 41:24 (read פָּעָלְכָם מֵאָ֑פֶס, || מֵאַיִן, v. אֶפַע); 52:4 and Asshur oppressed him בְּאֶפֶס for nought. b. as part. of negation, proposes cessation of …! (cf. אֵין … nought of …), very rare in prose (2 S 9:3), chiefly a poet. syn. of אֵין: Is 5:8 עַר אֶפֶס מָקוֹם till there is an end of place = till there is no place (cf. עַד אֵין ψ 40:13), Am 6:10 (cf. אָֽיִן Ju 4:20), Dt 32:36 (hence, in prose, 2 K 14:26), Is 45:6 (cf. אין 43:11) v 14; 46:9; 54:15; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד Zp 2:15 Is 47:8, 10 is prob. to be rendered, ‘I am, and there is none besides’ (so Ges Ew Di etc.), the י being ‘paragogic’ as in זוּלָתִי etc. (Ges ^{90, 3a} Ew ^211b), cf. וְאֵין עוֹד Is 45:5, 6, 18, 21; but according to De the י is sf. of 1 s. ‘I am, and I am nought besides’ (i.e. and I am nought besides my all-sufficient self).—בְּאֶפֶס (like בְּאֵין, q.v.) without: Pr 14:28; 26:20 Jb 7:6 Dn 8:25. c. as adv. of limitation: (a) only: †Nu 22:35 (cf. אַךְ v 20) 23:13. (b) אֶפֶס כִּי save that, howbeit (qualifying a preceding statement): †Nu 13:28 Dt 15:4 Ju 4:9 Am 9:8 ( + 1 S 1:5 G We Sta Dr). So אֶפֶס alone †2 S 12:14 (the foll. כִּי signifying because).

†[אֹ֫פֶס S TWOT^, GK] n.[m.] only in the du. אָפְסָ֑יִם (not אַ׳; v. Baer), lit. the two extremities, i.e. either the soles of the feet (so AW Ges; cf. Aramaic פִּיסְּתָא, ܦܰܣܬܳܐ (pasto)), or the ankles (so S T B, & most): only Ez 47:3 מֵי א׳ water of (i.e. reaching to) the soles (or ankles); cf. v 4 מָתְנָ֑יִם מֵי water reaching to the loins.

†אֶ֫פֶס דַּמִּים S GK n.pr.loc. in Judah, c. 16 miles SW. of Jerusalem, called in 1 Ch 11:13 פַּס דַּמִּים, (meaning unknown; Lag ⁷⁶ on basis of MSS. of G would read ספר מים edge or brink (ܣܦܳܪ (spor)) of water; but such a pronounced Aramaism is not probable), only 1 S 17:1.

†[אֶ֫פַע S TWOT GK] מֵאָ֑פַע Is 41:24 text error for מֵאָ֑פֶס v. אפס; so B T Saad Thes Ew Di al.

אֶפְעֶה S TWOT GK v. sub פעה.

†[אָפַף S TWOT GK] vb. surround, encompass (Assyrian apâpu Zim ⁵⁹)—Qal Pf. אָֽפְפוּ ψ 40:13, אֲפָפוּנִי ψ 18:5 +;—encompass (poet.) lit. Jon 2:6 (subj. מַיִם); fig., subj. evils & misfortunes רָעוֹת ψ 40:13 (sq. עָלַי); מִשְׁבְּרֵי מות 2 S 22:5, cf. הֶבְלֵי מ׳ ψ 18:5, also 116:3.

†[אָפַק S TWOT GK] vb. hold, be strong (so Thes wh. comp. Arabic أَفِقَ (˒afiqa) excel = multum valuit; MV comp. also فاق (f˒q))—Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. הִתְאַפָּ֑קוּ Is 63:15; Inf. לְהִתְאַפֵּק Gn 45:1; Impf. וְיִּתְאַפַּק Gn 43:31; 2 ms. תִּתְאַפַּק Is 64:11; אֶתְאַפָּ֑ק Is 42:14; וָאֶתְאַפַּק 1 S 13:12— 1. compel oneself 1 S 13:12. 2. restrain oneself, refrain Gn 43:31; 45:1 Is 42:14 Est 5:10; of י׳ Is 64:11; of Yahweh’s compassion Is 63:15, מֵעֶיךָ וְרַחֲמֶיךָ אֵלַי הִתְאַפָּ֑קוּ (almost passive).

†[אָפִיק S TWOT GK^, ] n.m. 2 S 22:16 channel (as holding, confining waters; poet.)—cstr. אֲפִיק Jb 6:15; pl. אֲפִיקִים Ez 6:3; אֲפִקִים Ez 32:6; cstr. אֲףִ(י)קֵי 2 S 22:16 Jo 1:20; sf. אֲפִיקֶיךָ Ez 35:8; אֲפִיקָיו Is 8:7—channel = stream-bed, ravine, א׳ מַיִם ψ 42:2 Jo 1:20 cf. 4:18 Ct 5:12; also ψ 18:16, but better א׳ יָם as 2 S 22:16; א׳ נְחָלִים Jb 6:15; of river-bed Is 8:7; so also (without defining word) Ez 31:12; 32:6; 34:13 ψ 126:4; || גַּיְא Ez 6:3; 35:8; 36:4, 6; fig. of bones of hippopotamus (as hollow) א׳ נְחֻשָׁה Jb 40:18; of furrows betw. scales of crocodile א׳ מָגִנִּים 41:7.—מְזִיחַ אֲפִיקִים Jb 12:21 is dub.; Thes MV Di al. say girdle of the strong (אָפִיק = firm, forceful, or—Di—capable, powerful); || נְדִיבִים. Jb 12:21 read perhaps אַבִּירִים Du (v. also Bu).

†אֲפֵק S GK, אֲפִיק (Ju 1:31) n.pr.loc. Aphek (perhaps enclosure, or fortress). 1. city near Jezreel (Assyrian Apḳu, cf. Dl ²⁸⁷) Jos 12:18 1 S 29:1 (אֲפֵ֑קָה, so) 1 K 20:26, 30 cf. 2 K 13:17. 2. city in tribe of Asher Jos 19:30 Ju 1:31 (אֲפִיק). 3. city NE. of Beirût, mod. Afqa Jos 13:4 אֲכֵּ֑קָה v. Di. 4. place near Mizpah 1 S 4:1 (cf. 7:12). Jos 12:18; 1 S 4:1; 29:1 and 2 K 13:22 GL; town not near Jezreel but at N. end of Philistine plain; cf. GL We ²⁵⁴ Dr 1 S 29:11 RS ^{2, 435} GASm ^{400 f.} Buhl ^{212 (and N.)} Bu ^{235 f.}; more doubtful are 1 K 20:26, 30; 2 K 13:17 (Kit 1 K 20:26); these, with Jos 19:30 Ju 1:31, might denote an Apheḳ near Jezreel.

†אֲפֵקָה S GK n.pr.loc. (meaning perhaps id.) one of a group of cities including Hebron Jos 15:53.