†[עָלַז S TWOT GK] vb. exult (|| form of עלץ q.v.; cf. Ph. n.pr.m. נבעלז);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֹז ψ 96:12; 1 s. וָאֶעְלֹז Je 15:17; אֶעֱלֹ֑זָה ψ 60:8; 108:8; 3 mpl. יַעְלְזוּ 149:5, יַעֲ֑לֹזוּ Je 51:39 ψ 94:3, etc.; Imv. fs. עָלְזִי Zp 3:14; mpl. עִלְזוּ ψ 68:5; Inf. cstr. לַעֲלוֹז Is 23:12;—exult, triumph Is 23:12 Je 15:17; of Isr.’s foes 2 S 1:20 Je 50:11 (|| שׂמח), of wicked ψ 94:3 Je 11:15; of Isr. Zp 3:14 ( + שִׂמְחִי), בְּי׳ אֶע׳ Hb 3:18 in י׳ will I exult (|| אָגִילָה), ψ 149:5; ע׳ לְכָּנָיו 68:5; subj. לִבִּי 28:7, כִּלְיוֹתָ֑י Pr 23:16; fig. of field ψ 96:12 (|| רָנַן); of י׳ ψ 60:8 = 108:8.

†עָלֵז S TWOT GK adj. exultant, jubilant; as n. Is 5:14.

†[עַלִּיז S TWOT GK] adj. exultant, jubilant (on form cf. Lag ¹¹⁰);—fs. עַלִּיזָה jubilant city Is 22:2 (|| עִיר הֹמִיָּה), 32:13, cf. Zp 2:15 and (city om.) Is 23:7; of pers., pl. שְׁאוֹן עַלִּיזִים 24:8; cstr. עַלִּיזֵי גַּאֲוָתִי 13:3, cf. Zp 3:11, v. גַּאֲוָה.

†עֲלָטָה S TWOT GK n.f. < darkness, dusk, which suits both passages (Bev, privately). (NH עֲלָטָה (rare); according to BA ⁵ transp. from Arabic غَطَلَ (ğaṭala) [be cloudy]; غَيْطَلَةٌ (ğayṭalatun) darkness);—abs. ע׳, attending sunset Gn 15:17 (c. vb. masc.; Albr ^{xv (1895), 325} Kö ^{§ 350 e} read הָֽיְתָה); בַּע׳ Ez 12:7 (|| בָּעֶרֶב), v 6, 12.

עֵלִי S^, TWOT GK^, , עֱלִי S TWOT GK, עִלִּי S^, TWOT GK^, , עֲלִיָּה S TWOT GK, עֶלְיוֹן S TWOT^, GK^, v. עלה.

עֲלֵי v. עַל.

עַלְיָה S GK, עַלְיָן S GK v. עלוה, עלון.

†I. [עָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. Po˓ēl, act arbitrarily (toward) (NH id., deal with (rare), and deriv.; Arabic عَلَّ (˓alla) do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, ii. divert, occupy, v. divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ (˓elto) cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, always c. ל pers.: Pf. 2 ms. עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי La 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳ 2:20 to whom hast thou acted thus severely? 3 fs. עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי 3:51 my eye deals severely with me, i.e. gives me pain (?; text dub.; cf. Perles ¹⁸ Bu). Imv. ms. עוֹלֵל לָמוֹ La 1:22 deal severely with them.—Vid. also ע׳ denom. infr. Po˓˓al Pf. 3 ms. מַכְאֹבִי אֲשֶׁר עוֹלַל לִי La 1:12 my pain which is severely dealt out to me. Hithpa. Pf. 1. busy, divert oneself with (cf. Arabic v.), always c. ב pers.: 1 s. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּ׳ Ex 10:2 (J) how I [י׳] have made a toy of Egypt; especially deal wantonly, ruthlessly with (ב pers.): 3 ms. הִתְעַלֵּל 1 S 6:6; 2 fs. הִתְעַלַּלְתְּ Nu 22:29 (JE; Balaam’s ass); 3 pl. וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ consec. 1 S 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, Je 38:19; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּ־בָהּ Ju 19:25 (of abusing a woman; || וַיֵּדְעוּ אֹתָהּ). Hithpō˓. Inf. cstr. לְהִתְעוֹלֵל עֲלִלוֹת ψ 141:4 to practise practice in wickedness (perhaps denom.).

†עוֹלֵלוֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always fig. of remnant: abs. ע׳ Is 17:6 (|| כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), 24:13 (sim.; || id., + בָּצִיר), Je 49:9 (cf. בֹּצְרִים v a) = Ob 5 (id.); cstr. עֹלְלֹת בָּצִיר Mi 7:1; fig. of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Ju 8:2 (opp. בָּצִיר).

†[עָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. denom. Pō˓. glean (grapes or olives; לִקֵּט of grain);—Impf. 2 ms. תְּעוֹלֵל Lv 19:10 (obj. כֶּרֶם; || תְּלַקֵּט), Dt 24:21 (abs., + אַחֲרֶיךָ); 3 mpl. fig. ( + Inf. abs.) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Ju 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (i.e. smote the fugitives).

†עֲלִילָה S TWOT GK n.f. wantonness, deed;—abs. ע׳ ψ 14:1; 66:5; elsewhere pl. עֲלִלוֹת 1 S 2:3 ψ 141:4; cstr. עֲלִילֹת Dt 22:14, 17; sf. עֲלִילוֹתֶיךָ ψ 77:13, עֲלִילוֹתָם Zp 3:7 +, etc.;— 1. wantonness, ע׳ דְּבָרִים Dt 22:14, 17 wantonness of words, i.e. baseless charges (cf. Di, especially Dr). 2. deed: a. in gen., of men 1 S 2:3. b. of י׳ (only ψψ) ψ 9:12 = 105:1 = Is 12:4 = 1 Ch 16:8, ψ 77:13 (|| פָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ), 78:11 (|| נִפְלְאוֹתָיו), 103:7; נוֹרָא ע׳ עַל 66:5 he is terrible in deed toward, etc. c. usually practices = evil deeds (especially Ez 8 times): Ez 14:22, 23; 20:43; 24:14; 36:17, 19 (all || דֶּרֶךְ), fully ע׳ הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת 20:44 (|| ד׳ הָרָעִים); 21:29 Zp 3:11; הִשְׁחִיתוּ כָּל־ע׳ v 7.

†עֲלִילִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. (Kö^{. 1, 204}) deed;—of י׳, רַב הָע׳ Je 32:19 (|| גְּדֹל הָעֵצָה); but read prob. הָעֲלִילָה.

[מַעֲלָל S TWOT GK^, ]₄₁ n.m. Ne 9:35 deed, practice;—only pl. מַעֲלָלִים 1 S 25:3; cstr. מַעַלְלֵי ψ 77:12; 78:1; sf. מַעֲלָלֶיךָ Dt 28:20, מַעֲלָלָיו Ho 4:9 + מַעַלְלֵיכֶם Is 1:16 +, מַעַלְלֵיהֶם 3:10 +, etc.;— 1. usually (especially Je 17 times) bad practices of men, רַע מַעֲלָלִים 1 S 25:3 he was evil in his practices; Ju 2:19 (|| דֶּרֶךְ), Ho 5:5; 7:2 Is 3:8 Je 11:18 ψ 106:29, 39 (|| מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם); מ׳ הָרָעִים Ne 9:35; רֹעַ מ׳ the evil of your (their, etc.) practices Ho 9:15 Is 1:16 Je 4:4; 21:12 (sf. 3 mpl. Kt, 2 mpl. Qr), +; מ׳ הָרָעִים Zc 1:4 Qr ( + ד׳ הָרָעִים; Kt מעליליהם), מ׳ אֲשֶׁר לֹא טוֹבִים Ez 36:31 ( + id.); הֵרֵעוּ מ׳ Mi 3:4; פְּרִי מ׳, i.e. their consequences, Is 3:10 Je 17:10; 21:14; 32:19 ( + דֶּרֶךְ). 2. deeds of י׳ ψ 77:12, of אֵל 78:7; cf. Mi 2:7. 3. acts, in gen., of youth Pr 20:11 (|| פָּעֳלוֹ).

[מעליל], מעליליהם Zc 1:4 Kt, v. foreg. 1.

†תַּעֲלוּלִים S TWOT GK n.m.pl.abstr. wantonness, caprice;—ת׳ יִמְשְׁלוּ בָם Is 3:4 caprice shall rule over them; sf. תַּעֲלֻלֵיהֶם 66:4 their wanton dealing, i.e. that inflicted on them.

II. עלל (√ of foll.; poss. = I.עלל (Kö^{. 1, 106}) whence child as capricious, mischievous, but dub.; > foll. from עוּל; in either case orig. meaning quite forgotten; prob. distinct √, meaning unknown).

†עוֹלֵל S TWOT GK, עוֹלָל S TWOT^, GK n.m. La 2:19 child;—abs. עוֹלֵל 1 S 15:3 +, עוֹלָל Je 6:11; 9:20; usually pl. עוֹלְלִים ψ 8:3, עֹלְלִים Jb 3:16, עוֹלָלִים La 4:4 Jo 2:16; cstr. עֹלְלֵי La 2:20; sf. עֹלָלַיִךְ ψ 137:9, עֹלָלֶיהָ Mi 2:9 +, עֹלְלֵיהֶם 2 K 8:2 +, etc.;—child Mi 2:9 La 2:19, 20; 4:4; + יוֹנֵק (sometimes disting. from men and women), 1 S 15:3; 22:19 ψ 8:3 Je 44:7 La 2:11 Jo 2:16, || בַּחוּרִים Je 6:11; 9:20; || בָּנִים ψ 17:14 (heirs of father); dashed in pieces (רטשׁ) by for 2 K 8:12 Ho 14:1 Na 3:10 Is 13:16, cf. ψ 137:9 (נִפֵּץ); taken captive La 1:5; stillborn Jb 3:16.

†[עָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. denom. act or play the child;—only Pō˓. Pt. עַמִּי נֹגְשָׂיו מְעוֹלֵל Is 3:12 my people—its ruler is acting the child.

†III. [עָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. insert, thrust in (Arabic غَلَّ (ğalla) whence غُلٌّ (ğullun) yoke; cf. Old Aramaic עלל, T עֲלַל, Syriac ܥܰܠ (˓al), all enter);—only Pō˓. Pf. 1 s. וְעֹלַלְתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Jb 16:15 fig. of humiliation.

†עֹל S TWOT GK₃₉ n.m. 1 K 12:4 yoke;—ע׳ abs. Ho 11:4 +; cstr. Is 9:3 +; sf. עֻלֵּךְ Je 2:20 Is 47:6, עֻלּוֹ Gn 27:40 +, עֻלְּכֶם 1 K 12:11, etc.;—yoke, for cattle, עָלָה עֲלֵיהֶם ע׳ 1 S 6:7, cf. Nu 19:2 (P), מָֽשְׁכָה בְּע׳ Dt 21:3; usually fig. of servitude 1 K 12:4, 10, 11⁽⁾, 14⁽⁾ = 2 Ch 10:4, 10, 11⁽⁾, 14; נָתַן ע׳ עַל 1 K 12:4, 9 = 2 Ch 10:4, 9; וְנָתַן ע׳ בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶ֑ךָ Dt 28:48, so Je 28:14; עַל־זָקֵן הִכְבַּדְתְּ ע׳ Is 47:6; also אֶת־צַוָּארוֹ בְּעֹל (הֵבִיא) נָתַן Je 27:8, 11, 12; שָׁבַר ע׳ break the yoke Je 2:20; 5:5; 28:2, 4, 11; 30:8 ( + מֵעַל צ׳), so מֹטֹת ע׳ Lv 26:13 (H), Ez 34:27 (v. מוֹטָה); פָּרַק ע׳ Gn 27:40 (J; + מֵעַל צ׳); הֵחֵת ע׳ Is 9:3; cf. הֵרִים ע׳ Ho 11:4; also יָסוּר ע׳ מֵעַל צ׳ Is 10:27, and 14:25; fig. of transgressions La 1:14, del. ע׳ G B Löhr Bu, but read עֹל v b (v. id.); of hardship, נָשָׂא ע׳ 3:27.

†עֲלִיל S TWOT GK appar. n.[m.], only כֶּסֶף צָרוּף בַּע׳ לָאָרֶץ ψ 12:7, usually (after T כּוּרָא) furnace, crucible (Hup from III. עלל; De al. workshop, from I. עלל), but wholly dub.; NH openly Levy ^{iii. 654}; Che Du del. as gloss; cf. discussion Che^{Expos. Times viii. 236, 336} Ne ^{ib. 287, 379}.

†I. [עָלַם S^, TWOT^, GK] vb. conceal (NH id., der. spec.);—Qal Pt. pass. עֲלֻמֵנוּ ψ 90:8 as subst. our secret, i.e. hidden sin (|| עֲוֹנֹת). Niph. Pf. be concealed, of wisdom, 3 fs. נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵי Jb 28:21; of a fact or condition, נֶעְלַם 2 Ch 9:2, וְנ׳ consec. Lv 5:2, 3, 4 (all c. מִן pers.), וְנ׳ מֵעֵינֵי Lv 4:13 Nu 5:13 (all P); Pt. 1. נֶעְלָם concealed, c. הָיָה in periphrastic conjug. 1 K 10:3 (מִן pers.); abs. כָּל־נֶעְלָם Ec 12:14. 2. fs. תְּהִי נַעֲלָמָה Na 3:11 mayest thou become obscured (as to the senses; fig. for swoon), but very doubtful, read perhaps נעלפה? [Dr]. 3. pl. נַעֲלָמִים ψ 26:4 those who conceal themselves, i.e. their thoughts, dissemblers (|| מְתֵי שָׁוְא). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעְלִים 2 K 4:27; 3 pl. הֶעְלִימוּ Ez 22:26; Impf. 2 ms. תַּעְלִים ψ 10:1, תַּעְלֵם La 3:56; 3 mpl. יַעְלִימוּ Lv 20:4, etc.; Inf. abs. הַעְלֵם v 4; Pt. מַעְלִים Jb 42:3 Pr 28:27;—conceal, hide, c. מִן pers. 2 K 4:27 (|| לֹא הִגִּיד לִי); usually hide the eyes from (מִן), i.e. disregard Is 1:15 Ez 22:26, הַעְלֵם יַע׳ וגו׳ Lv 20:4, מִן om. Pr 28:27; hide the eyes by (ב) a bride 1 S 12:3 (i.e. pervert justice, but v. i. עַיִן 3 d); hide (cover) the ear La 3:56 (turn a deaf ear); hide (obscure) counsel (עֵצָה) Jb 42:3; לָמָה תַּע׳ ψ 10:1 why dost thou [י׳] hide, sc. thin eyes (so most), or practise concealment ( = hide thyself) ? Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. consec. וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם Dt 22:1, 4 and thou hide thyself completely from them (utterly neglect to aid), so Inf. cstr. (מֵהֶם om.) לְהִתְעַלֵּם v 3; so also Impf. c. מִן, תִּתְעַלַּם ψ 55:2, תִּתְעַלָּ֑ם Is 58:7; once lit. יִתְעַלֶּם־שָׁ֑לֶג Jb 6:16 wherein snow hides itself.

†תַּעֲלֻמָהֿ S TWOT GK n.f. hidden thing, secret (so, c. הֿ, van d. H. Bu, -הּ Baer Ginsb);—תּ׳ what is hidden Jb 28:11; pl. cstr. תַּעֲלֻמוֹת חָכְמָה Jb 11:6 secrets of wisdom, תּ׳ לֵב ψ 44:22.

†עַלְמוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. (cf. Sab. n.pr. עלמן Hal¹⁹²);—priestly city in Benj. Jos 21:18 (P), G Γαμαλα, A Αλμων, GL Ελμων; = עָלֶמֶת in || 1 Ch 6:45 (G Γαλεμεθ, GL Αλαμωθ); mod. ˓Almît, c. 1 hour NE. of Jerusalem, v. Buhl ¹⁷⁵.

†עַלְמוֹן דִּבְלָתָ֑יְמָה n.pr.loc. in Moab, Nu 33:46, 47 (P), G Γελμων Δεβλαθαιμ; = בֵּית ד׳ q.v.

עֲלָמוֹת S GK, עַל־מוּת etc., v. עַלְמָה sub II. עלם.

†עָלֶ֫מֶת S GK^, 1. n.pr.m. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:36; 9:42, עָלָ֑מֶת 7:8; G Σαλαμαιθ, Γαλεμαθ, Αλαμωθ, etc. 2. n.pr.loc. ( = עַלְמוֹן q.v.) 1 Ch 6:45 Baer Ginsb (van d. H. עַלֶּמֶת).

†יַעְלָם S GK n.pr.m. Edomite Gn 36:5, 14, 18 = 1 Ch 1:35, Ιεγλομ.

II. עלם TWOT^, (√ of foll.; perhaps orig. be mature (sexually); Aramaic עֲלֵם be strong, ܥܰܠܶܡ (˓alem) rejuvenate (certainly denom.), Arabic غَلِمَ (ğalima) be lustful (id.); cf. Sab. עֿלם, עֿלמן young man CIS^{iv. pp. 30, 42}, Arabic غُلَامٌ (ğulāmun) id.; Ph. עלמת girl; Nab. Palm. עלם, עלים slave, Palm. fpl. harlots; T עוּלֵּימָא, עוּלֵּמְתָּא, Syriac ܥܠܰܝܡܳܐ, ܥܠܰܝܡܬܳܐ (˓laymo, ˓laymto) young man, young woman).

†עֶ֫לֶם S TWOT GK n.m. young man;—ע׳ abs. 1 S 20:22, הָעָ֑לֶם 17:56; ע׳ prob. also v 42; 16:12 (for MT עִם) Gr Krenkel ^{ii (1882), 309} Bu HPS.

†עַלְמָה S TWOT GK n.f. young woman (ripe sexually; maid or newly married);—ע׳ Gn 24:43 (J), Ex 2:8 (E), Pr 30:19 Is 7:14; pl. עֲלָמוֹת ψ 68:26 Ct 1:3; 6:8; עַל־עֲלָמוֹת to (the voice of) young women, either lit., or of soprano or falsetto of boys: 1 Ch 15:20 ψ 9:1 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת לַבֵּן [for עַל־מוּת לַבֵּן, ‘voce virgines a pueris decantandum,’ Thes), 46:1; 48:15 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת [for עַל־מוּת]; tr. prob. to 49:1).

†[עֲלוּמִים S TWOT GK] n.pl.abstr. youth, youthful vigour;—only sf. עֲלוּמָיו Jb 20:11 Qr (Kt עֲלוּמוֹ); עֲלוּמָיו ψ 89:46 Jb 33:25; עֲלוּמַיִךְ Is 54:4.

III. עלם TWOT^, (√ of foll., meaning dub.; cf. NH עוֹלָם (chiefly world, age); MI 7, 10 עלם, Ph. id., Aramaic עָֽלְמָא, ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (˓olmo), Nab. עלם, Palm. עלמא; Arabic عَالَمٌ (˓ālamun) creation, world, etc.; Ethiopic ዓለም (˓ālam) aevum, saeculum, etc.; according to Thes al. from i. עלם the hidden, cf. Kö^{. 1, 87}; Lag ¹¹⁵ cp. quadril. عألم (˓˒lm) primitive waters; Ew ^{77 a} cp. Ethiopic ዕለት (˓əlat) time [√ ועל Di⁹²³]; Ba ^{xiiv (1890), 685} cp. Assyrian ullûti, ullâ [ullânu, remote time], cf. Dl ⁶⁵ Jen ^vii).

עוֹלָם S^, TWOT GK^, ₄₃₉ n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity;—ע׳ Gn 9:12 + 405 times; עֹלָם 3:22 + 19 times; עֵילוֹם 2 Ch 33:7, read prob. עוֹלָם (for other explan. v. note in Kit); sf. עֹלָמוֹ Ec 12:5; pl. עוֹלָמִים Is 26:4 + 7 times, עֹלָמִים ψ 145:13 + 2 times; cstr. עוֹלְמֵי Is 45:17;—† 1. of past time: a. ancient time: יְמֵי ע׳ days of old Is 63:9, 11 Am 9:11 Mi 5:1; 7:14 Mal 3:4; יְמוֹת ע׳ Dt 32:7; עַם ע׳ Is 44:7 ancient people; גּוֹי מֵע׳ Je 5:15; חָרְבוֹת ע׳ old waste places Is 58:12 61:4, cf. Ez 26:20 b; פִּתְחֵי ע׳ ancient gates ψ 24:7, 9; ארח ע׳ Jb 22:15; נתבות ע׳ Je 6:16; שְׁבִילֵי ע׳ 18:15; גבול ע׳ Pr 22:28; 23:10; במות ע׳ Ez 36:2; מִן (םֵ)ע׳ from of old Is 64:3 Je 2:20 Jo 2:2, of the fathers Jos 24:2, the prophets Je 28:8, the ancient נפלים Gn 6:4; (Ez 32:27 G Co for מערלים; but 1 S 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם We Dr HPS); בהם ע׳ long in them Is 64:4 (text dub.). b. מֵתֵי ע׳ the long dead ψ 143:3 La 3:6; so עַם ע׳ Ez 26:20. c. of God, מֵע׳: former acts Is 46:9; as redeemer Is 63:16; of love ψ 25:6, judgment 119:52, dominion Is 63:19; long silence 42:14; 57:11 G B Michaelis conj. מַעְלִם for מֵעוֹלָם; cf. I. [עָלַם] Hiph. ψ 10:1; his wisdom personif. Pr 8:23; his existence ψ 93:2. d. of things: גבעות ע׳ ancient hills Gn 49:26 (J), Hb 3:6 (|| הררי־עד), Dt 33:15 (|| הררי קדם). e. pl. שְׁנוֹת עולמים ψ 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Is 51:9; לעלמים Ec 1:10 in olden times. 2. a. indef. futuring, c. prep. for ever, always (sometimes = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Dt 15:17 1 S 27:12 Jb 40:28; עָבַד לע׳ serve for ever Ex 21:6 (E), Lv 25:46; עד ע׳ 1 S 1:22; גְּאֻלַּת ע׳ Lv 25:32 redemption at any time; הֲרַת ע׳ Je 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); כְּלִמַּת ע׳ v 11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; חרפת ע׳ 23:40; שַׁלְוֵי ע׳ ψ 73:12 alway at ease; יְחִי לע׳ (יחיה) may the king live alway 1 K 1:31 Ne 2:3; cf. אֹרֶךְ יָמִים עולם ועד ψ 21:5; ישׁב עולם לפני אלהים 61:8; so of the pious, לע׳ לא ימוט 15:5; בל ימוט Pr 10:30, cf. ψ 30:7; other phr.: ψ 37:27, 28 41:13; 55:23; 61:8; 73:26; 121:8 Pr 10:25; ע׳ אשׁירה ψ 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), cf. 52:10; 115:18; 145:1, 2; הוֹדה לע׳ 30:13; 44:9; 52:11; 79:13; other emotions and activities continuous through life 5:12; 31:2 = 71:1, 75:10; 86:12; 119:44, 93, 98, 111, 112 Mi 4:5, cf. לע׳ 2:9. b. = continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֹלָם עֹמֶדֶת Ec 1:4; other phr.: ψ 78:69; 104:5, heavens and contents 148:6, ruined cities Is 25:2; 32:14 Ez 26:21; 27:36; 28:19, ruined lands Je 18:16; 25:9, 12; 49:13, 33; 51:26, 62 Ez 35:9 Zp 2:9; לעד עד ע׳ Is 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), cf. ψ 81:16 Ob 10; ישׁב לע׳ of Judah Jo 4:20; (3) families ψ 49:12 Is 14:20; the dynasty of Saul 1 S 13:13; house of Eli 2:30; (4) national relations: איבת ע׳ continual enmity Ez 25:15; 35:5; of exclusion from קהל י׳, עד ע׳ Dt 23:4 = Ne 13:1; various relations Is 32:17; 34:10; חרפת ע׳ perpetual reproach ψ 78:66, of dynasty of David 2 S 3:28; 12:10 1 K 2:33, families v 33 2 K 5:27 ψ 106:31 Je 35:6. c. of divine existence: אל עולם Gn 21:33 (J); אלהי ע׳ Is 40:28; חי אנכי לע׳ Dt 32:40; חֵי הע׳ Dn 12:7; of divine name, זה שׁמי לְע׳ Ex 3:15 (E), cf. 2 Ch 33:7 (v. supr.); blessing and praise of it 2 S 7:26 = 1 Ch 17:24, ψ 72:19; 135:13; of י׳ himself 89:53; attributes, אהבה Je 31:3 1 K 10:9; חסד Is 54:8 ψ 89:2; 138:8; לע׳ חַסְדּוֹ 1 Ch 16:34, 41 2 Ch 5:13; 7:3, 6; 20:21 Ezr 3:11 ψ 100:5; 106:1; 107:1; 118:1, 2, 3, 4, 29; 136:1 + 25 times, Je 33:11; כבוד ψ 104:31; אמת 117:2; 146:6; צדק 119:142; עצה 33:11; reign Ex 15:18 (E), ψ 10:16; 66:7; 92:9; 146:10 Je 10:10 Mi 4:7; יהוה לע׳ ישׁב ψ 9:8; 29:10; 102:13 La 5:19; presence in Zion 1 Ch 23:25 Is 33:14; 60:19, 20 Ez 37:28; 43:7, 9; his salvation Is 51:6, 8; זרעת ע׳ Dt 33:27 everlasting arms; כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע׳ Ec 3:14. d. of God’s covenant: בְּרִית ע׳ everlasting covenant Gn 9:16; 17:7, 13, 19 Ex 31:16 Lv 24:8 Nu 18:19 (all P), 2 S 23:5 1 Ch 16:17 = ψ 105:10, Is 24:5; 55:3; 61:8 Je 32:40; 50:5 Ez 16:60; 37:26; covenant with Noah, לְדֹרֹת ע׳ Gn 9:12 (P); God remembers it 1 Ch 16:15 = ψ 105:8, ψ 111:5; will not break it, לע׳ Ju 2:1; אוֹת ע׳ Ex 31:17 (P); אוֹת עד ע׳ Dt 28:46. e. of God’s laws: דבר(ים) Is 59:21 ψ 119:89; משׁפט 119:160; עדות v 144, 152; חק ע׳ Ex 29:28; 30:21 (E), Lv 6:11, 15; 7:34; 10:15; 24:9 Nu 18:8, 11, 19 (P), also Je 5:22 (of bounds of sea); חק עד ע׳ Ex 12:24 (J), חֻקַּת ע׳ v 14, 17; 27:21; 28:43; 29:9 Lv 3:17; 7:36; 10:9; 16:29, 31, 34; 17:7; 23:14, 21, 31, 41; 24:3, 8 Nu 10:8; 15:15; 18:23; 19:10, 21 (P) (most of these in fact specif. Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God’s name, עד ע׳ 1 K 9:3 = 2 Ch 7:16; לע׳ 2 K 21:7 2 Ch 33:4; consecrated לע׳ 30:8; its ceremonies לע׳ 2:3; Levit. priesthood, לשׁרתו עד ע׳ 1 Ch 15:2; Aaronic priesthood, לברך בשׁמי עד ע׳ 23:13⁽⁾. f. of God’s promises: his word, יקום לע׳ Is 40:8; promised dynasty of David, עד (ה)ע׳ 2 S 7:13, 16⁽⁾, 25 = 1 Ch 17:12, 14⁽⁾, 23 ψ 18:51 = 2 S 22:51, 1 K 2:33, 45 1 Ch 22:10 ψ 89:5; לע׳ 1 K 9:5 1 Ch 28:4, 7 2 Ch 13:5 ψ 89:29, 37 2 S 7:29⁽⁾ = 1 Ch 17:27⁽⁾; of holy land 1 Ch 28:8, אֲחֻזַּת ע׳ Gn 17:8; 48:4 Lv 25:34 (P); given לע׳ Ex 32:13 (J) 2 Ch 20:7; עד ע׳ Gn 13:15, inherited לע׳ Is 60:21 ψ 37:18; עד ע׳ Is 34:17; dwelt in עד ע׳ Ez 37:25; other blessings, לע׳ Dt 5:29 Ho 2:21; עד ע׳ Dt 12:28 2 S 7:24 = 1 Ch 17:22, ψ 133:3; שִׂמְחַת ע׳ Is 35:10; 51:11; 61:7; דֶּרֶךְ ע׳ ψ 139:24; שׁם ע׳ Is 56:5; 63:12; אות ע׳ 55:13; גאון ע׳ 60:15; Jerus. to abide לע׳ Je 17:25 ψ 125:1, cf. Je 31:40; עד ע׳ ψ 48:9. g. of relations between God and his people, לע׳ 1 Ch 29:18 ψ 45:18; 85:6; 103:9; 145:21 Is 57:16 Je 3:5, 12 La 3:31 Jo 2:26, 27; עד (ה)ע׳ ψ 28:9 Mal 1:4. h. of Messianic dynasty and king: (ל)ע׳ ψ 110:4; having divine throne 45:7; name endures 72:17; established 89:38; God blesses him 45:3; of his reign, מעתה ועד ע׳ Is 9:6. i. = indefinite, unending future: live לע׳ Gn 3:22 Jb 7:16; הנביאים הלע׳ יִחְיוּ Zc 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever? cf. חדל לע׳ ψ 49:9; c. neg. never Ezr 9:12 Pr 27:24. j. after death: שׁנת ע׳ Je 51:39, 57; בית ע׳ Ec 12:5; חַיֵּי ע׳ Dn 12:2; דראון ע׳ v 2; also v 3 Jon 2:7 Ec 2:16; 9:6. k. = age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Ec 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (cf. especially NH; others i). 1. pl. intens. everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Is 45:17; צדק עלמים Dn 9:24; צור עולמים Is 26:4 (RVm rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים ψ 145:13; also 61:5; 77:8 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2. m. special phr.: ם(ה)עולם (ו)עד (ה)עולם (מן) from everlasting to everlasting, of י׳ ψ 90:2, חסד י׳ 103:17; benedictions 1 Ch 16:36 = ψ 106:48, Ne 9:5 1 Ch 29:10 ψ 41:14; the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Je 7:7; 25:5; מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever ψ 115:18; 121:8 (i.e. as long as one lives); of people’s hope in God 131:3; dynasty of David Is 9:6; of God’s acts, words, etc. Mi 4:7 Is 59:21 ψ 125:2, cf. 113:2;—v. further i. עַד p. 723.

עֵילוֹם v. עוֹלָם.

עֲלָמוֹת S GK v. עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

עַל־מוּת, עַל־מוּת לַבֵּן v. עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

†[עָלַס S TWOT GK] vb. rejoice (|| with עָלַז, עָלַץ, q.v.; NH עֲלִיסָה rejoicing (once Levy ^{iii. 657}));—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֹס Jb 20:18 he shall not rejoice. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נֶעֱלָסָה Jb 39:13 (of ostrich’s wing) = flap joyously. Hithp. Impf. 1 pl. cohort. נִתְעַלְּסָה Pr 7:18 let us delight ourselves in (ב) love.

†[עָלַע S TWOT GK] vb. assumed as √ of Pi. Impf. 3 mpl. יְעַלְעוּ־דָ֑ם Jb 39:30 they drink(?) blood, but read prob. יְלַעְלְעוּ (√ I. לוּעַ) Thes Ol De Me Di al..

†[עָלַף S^, TWOT GK^, ] vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ (ğalafa) smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ (ğilāfun) sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);—Pu. Pt. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Ct 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Is 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ez 31:15, reading 3 fs. עֻלָּ֑פָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Kö^{. 1, 110}), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so G S B Hi Co al.). Hithp. enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Gn 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jon 4:8; 3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Am 8:13.

עֻלְפֶּה S TWOT Ez 31:15 v. foregoing.

†עָלַץ S TWOT GK vb. rejoice, exult (NH id. (rare); Hiph. Impf. יעליצו Ecclus 4:20; Assyrian elêṣu, exult; Sab. מעלץ joys CIS ^{iv, 197, 1. 5. 7}; v. also עלז, עלס);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ לִבִּ׳ בְּי׳ 1 S 2:1 my heart exulteth in י׳; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֹץ הַשָּׂדֶה 1 Ch 16:32 the field exulteth; cf. 3 fs. תַּעֲלֹץ קִרְיָה Pr 11:10 (|| רנן); 1 s. אֶעֶלְצָה בָּ֑ךְ ψ 9:3 (i.e. in י׳; + שׂמה, || זמּר); 3 mpl. יַעְלְצוּ בְךָ ψ 5:12 (in י׳; || שׂמח, רנן); יַעַלְצוּ לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהִים 68:4 ( + שׂמח, || שׂישׂ); + לִי 25:2 exult at me; Inf. cstr. בַּעֲלֹץ Pr 28:12 when the righteous exult.

†[עֲלִיצוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. exultation;—sf. עֲלִיצֻתָם כְּמוֹ לֶאֱכֹל עָנִי Hb 3:14 their exultation was as it were to devour the poor.

עלק TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic عَلِقَ (˓aliqa) hang, be suspended, cleave, adhere; عَلَقٌ (˓alaqun) leech; n. unit. عَلَقَةٌ (˓alaqatun); Assyrian ilḳitu, of some inferior animal (word-list); Syriac ܥܰܠܽܘܩܳܐ (˓aluqo), etc., T עֲלוּקָא all leech).

†עֲלוּקָה S TWOT GK n.f. leech (perhaps Aramaic loan-wd.; > vampyre-like demon, Ew al. = Arabic ˓Aulaḳ We ^{2, 149}, or name of sage, as some Rabb.; v. discussion De Toy);—לַע׳ שְׁתֵּי בָנוֹת Pr 30:15.

עֹלָ֫תָה S TWOT GK Jb 5:16 etc., v. עַוְלָה sub עָוַל.

i, ii. עַם S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, , עִם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, v. sub I. עמם.

עָמַד S^, TWOT GK^, ₅₂₀ take one’s stand, stand (NH id.; Ph. עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic عَمَدَ (˓amada) prop up, support, and deriv.; Ethiopic ዐምድ (˓amd) pillar; T עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ (˓amudo), Palm. עמודא, cf. also n.pr. תימעמד; Sab. עמד pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other deriv. from √ עמד DHM ^{xxxvii (1883), 5}), pl. אעמדן pillars DHM ⁸⁰);—Qal₄₃₅ Pf. ע׳ Gn 19:27 +, 3 fs. עָֽמְדָה 2 K 13:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמֹד Ex 21:21, יַעֲמוֹד Na 1:6 +, יַעֲמָד־ 1 S 16:22 +; 1 s. אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Hb 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד 2 S 1:10; 3 mpl. יַעַמְדוּ Je 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Ez 1:21 +; f. יַעֲמֹדְנָה Dn 8:22; 2 mpl. וַתַּעַמְדוּן Dt 4:11, etc.; Imv. עֲמֹד 1 S 9:27 +, עֲמָד־ 2 S 1:9; fs. עִמְדִי Is 47:12 Je 48:19, etc.; Inf. abs. עָמֹד Est 9:16; cstr. עֲמֹד Ex 18:23 +, sf. עָמְדִי Je 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Ob 11, etc.; Pt. עֹמֵד Is 3:13 +, f. עֹמֶ֫דֶת Hg 2:5 +, etc.;— 1. a. stand, be in a standing attitude: c. עַל by, 1 S 26:13 2 S 2:25 2 K 2:7 +, so pt. Gn 18:8 (J), 41:1, 17 (E) +, עַל on, Ex 3:5 (E), Dt 27:12 +; c. ב loc. Ex 32:26 Nu 22:24, 26 (all JE), +; c. אֶל loc. 1 K 20:38 ( + לְ pers.), Je 48:19 Ez 21:26; 27:29; c. אֶל pers. 1 S 17:51 2 K 5:25; c. אֵצֶל Gn 41:3 (E), Ez 9:2; 10:6 Ne 8:4; c. לִפְנֵי Gn 18:22 1 K 3:16; 8:22 +; before י׳, for intercession Gn 19:27 (J), Dt 4:10 Je 15:1; 18:20, etc.; take one’s stand and do a thing 1 S 17:8 1 K 8:55 2 K 18:28 = Is 36:13 +; sq. inf. 1 K 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:14 +. b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2 K 10:9 +. c. take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Ju 6:31 Ezr 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue ^{247 f.}) 2 Ch 26:18; cf. עַל־דַּם Lv 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one’s blood, life; c. יָ֑חַד Is 50:8 together, i.e. against each other. d. present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Gn 43:15 (J), Ex 9:10 (E), Nu 27:2, 21 (P), 1 S 16:21 +; before י׳ (in sanctuary) Dt 19:17 Je 7:10 cf. 18:20 Lv 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1 K 22:21 = 2 Ch 18:20; c. ב loc. of child at birth Ho 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Dn 1:4. e. c. לִפְנֵי attend upon, be (come) servant of 1 S 16:22 (v. Dr), 1 K 1:2 +; servant of י׳ 1 K 17:1; 18:15 2 K 3:14; 5:16 Je 15:19; priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ) לִפְנֵי י׳ Dt 10:8 Ju 20:28 Ez 44:15 2 Ch 29:11; of Levites, stand before congreg. for menial duties Ez 44:11 Nu 16:9 (P). f. stand afar מֵרָחוֹק Ex 20:18, 21 (E), Is 59:14 ψ 38:12, בְּר׳ ψ 10:1; מִנֶּגֶד מֵר׳ 2 K 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶּגֶד Ob 11 ψ 38:12. g. stand (silent) Jb 32:16. h. stand (appealingly) Jb 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hi Du). i. stand, subj. רֶגֶל Zc 14:4 (עַל loc.), ψ 122:2 (ב loc.) so 26:12 (fig.). j. stand, of water, עַל־הָרִים ψ 104:6. Vid. also preps. אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc. 2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Jos 10:13 (JE; || וַיִּדֹּם), sun v 13, both, Hb 3:11; of pers. 1 S 9:27 (opp. עָבַר), 2 S 2:28 (opp. רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Na 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) 2 K 4:6; remain standing, c. תַּחְתֵּינוּ Ju 7:21 1 S 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lv 13:23, 28; so (without ת׳) 13:5, 37 (all P). b. = be inactive 2 Ch 20:17 (opp. לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ). c. = be attentive Jb 37:14. d. stop, cease doing a thing 2 K 13:18; c. מִן Gn 29:35; 30:9 (both J), Jon 1:15. 3. a. tarry, delay Gn 45:9 (E), Jos 10:19 (JE; opp. רָדַף), 1 S 20:38 (opp. מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +. b. remain, c. ב loc. 2 K 15:20 Dt 10:10; c. עִמָּדִי Dt 5:28 (opp. שׁוּב); + inf. purpose Est 7:7. c. continue, abide Lv 13:5 Je 32:14 Is 66:22 ψ 102:27 Ec 2:9; = dwell Ex 8:18 (J עַל loc.); לָעַד ψ 19:10; 111:3, 10; 112:3, 9; לְעוֹלָם ψ 33:11 Ec 1:4; בְּתוֹךְ Hg 2:5; of plan = be established ψ 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Is 14:24), so Est 3:4 Dn 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Jos 2:11) Ec 2:9; לֹא יַעֲמָד־בִּי כֹחַ Dn 10:17. d. endure Ex 18:23 (E), Ez 22:14 (|| חָזַק). e. be steadfast Dt 25:8 Ru 2:7. f. persist Ec 8:3. 4. make a stand, hold one’s ground, Am 2:15 2 K 10:4 Mal 3:2 +; c. לִפְנֵי Ju 2:14 2 K 10:4 Est 9:2 +, בִּפְנֵי Jos 10:8; 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer v 42), 23:9 (all D); c. עַל, for one’s life Est 8:11; 9:16. 5. stand upright: a. remain standing 2 K 13:6; of head 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (fig. of endurance) Jb 8:15, Pr 12:7. b. stand up, opp. sit, Ne 8:5 Jb 29:8 ( + קוּם); opp. lie prostrate Ez 2:1 (עַל־רַגְלֶיךָ), so 37:10 (id.), Dn 10:11, v 11 (עַל־עָמְדֶ֑ךָ), Est 8:4; of revival after death Dn 12:13 (late for קוּם). c. stand up, rise, of water Jos 3:13 ( + apposs. נֵד אֶחָד), v 16 ( + קָמוּ + id.; both JE). d. be erect, upright, of boards Ex 26:15 36:20 (P). † 6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene ( = קוּם; late) Ezr 2:63 = Ne 7:65, ψ 106:30 (cf. Ecclus 47:1, 12), especially Dn 8:22⁽⁾, 23; 11:2, 3, 4; 12:1, cf. 11:7 (כַּנּוֹ), v 20, 21 (עַל־כַּנּוֹ); c. תַּחַת instead of Ec 4:15; of war 1 Ch 20:4, deliverance Est 4:14. b. stand forth, appear = come into being Is 48:13 ψ 33:9; 119:90. c. rise up as foe (earlier קום Am 7:9 Gn 4:8), c. עַל against 1 Ch 21:1 2 Ch 20:23 Dn 8:25; 11:14, c. לְנֶגְדִּי against 10:13. 7. rare usages are: a. ע׳ אֶת־ stand with, as attendant, servitor Gn 45:1 (E), Nu 1:5 (P). b. take one’s stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית 2 K 23:3. c. stand עַל־חֶרֶב Ez 33:26 (resort to the sword). d. stand בְּסוֹד י׳ Je 23:18, 22 (v. סוֹד). e. be appointed Ezr 10:14. f. stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Lv 18:23 (carnal intercourse) g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Je 48:11 (fig. of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case cf. 3 b).—עָמְדִי Dn 11:1b is crpt., read prob. עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subj.), join then to 10:21 and del. 11:1a; so Bev Behrm Marti.

Hiph.₈₃ (cf. Dr ^{(6) 535}) Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱמִיד 1 K 12:32 +, 2 ms. הֶעֱמַדְתָּה ψ 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Nu 3:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמִיד Pr 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד 2 K 8:1 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ez 2:2; 3:24, 1 pl. וַנַּעֲמִיד Ne 4:3, etc.; Imv. הַעֲמֵד Is 21:6; sf. הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ez 24:11; Inf. abs. הַעֲמֵיד Ne 7:3; cstr. הַעֲמִיד 1 K 15:4 +; Pt. מַעֲמִיד 2 Ch 18:34 (but v. Hoph.);— 1. station, set, c. acc. Ju 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Nu 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת), 1 K 12:32 (ב loc.), 2 Ch 19:5 (id.), Ne 13:11 (עַל־עָמְדָם), Is 21:6 + (Ne 4:7a read perhaps Qal, so Perles ⁶⁵), c. עַל against Ne 4:3. 2. cause to stand firm ψ 18:34 = 2 S 22:34 (c. עַל loc.); maintain (opp. overthrow) Ex 9:16 (J), 1 K 15:4, cf. Pr 29:4. 3. cause to stand up, set up, erect, c. acc. + עַל־רַגְלַי Ez 2:2; 3:24, so עַל־עָמְדִי Dn 8:18; temple Ezr 2:68 (על loc.), cf. 2 Ch 24:13 (על loc., of repairs); especially doors Ne 3:1 + 7 times Ne; Asherim 2 Ch 33:19, cf. 25:14. 4. + לִפְנֵי present one before king Gn 47:7 (P), י׳ (in sanctuary) Lv 14:11 + 3 times P, + (of goat) Lv 16:7, priest Lv 27:8 + 4 times P, + (of beast) Lv 27:11. 5. appoint Ne 7:3 1 Ch 15:17 + (late); c. עַל over Ne 13:9 +, c. inf. purpose 6:7 +, c. 2 acc. 1 Ch 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל) 2 Ch 33:8 (|| 2 K 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests 8:14; 31:2, cf. Ne 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל pers. Ne 10:33, cf. 2 Ch 30:5; establish עַד־הָעוֹלָם 1 Ch 17:14 (ב loc.), cf. 2 Ch 9:8 ψ 148:6; c. acc. of covenant ψ 105:10 = 1 Ch 16:17 (ל pers. + ל rei); c. חָזוֹן vision Dn 11:14 ( = fulfil, earlier הֵקִים). † 6. other meanings: a. ע׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו 2 K 8:11 have a fixed look. b. c. acc. רַגְלַי + ב loc. ψ 31:9 (fig.). c. make to stand (in a covt.; v. || 2 K 23:3) 2 Ch 34:32. d. restore waste places Ezr 9:9. e. + לְפָנֶיהָ Est 4:5, i.e. make servant to. f. cause wind to arise ψ 107:25. g. = raise an army Dn 11:11, 13.—2 Ch 18:34 v. Hoph.; ψ 30:8 v. עֹז; Ez 29:7 v. מָעַד. †Hoph. Impf. 3 ms. יָעֳמַד־ Lv 16:10 be presented (of goat), + לִפְנֵי י׳; Pt. הָיָה מָעֳמָד 1 K 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also || 2 Ch 18:34 (as G), for MT מַעֲמִיד.—On Pf. הָעֳמַדְתִּי v. עֹז ψ 30:8.

†[עֹ֫מֶד S TWOT GK] n.[m.] standing-place;—only sf. after prep. וַיָּקוּמוּ עַל־עָמְדָם ׃ Ne 9:3 they stood up in their place (later equiv. of תַּחְתָּם), 8:7 (no vb.); c. עָמַד 2 Ch 30:16; 35:10, ע׳ עַל־עָמְדוֹ 34:31; וָאַעֲמִדֵם עַל־עָמְדָם Ne 13:11, so עַל־עָמְדִי Dn 8:18; וַיָּבֹא אֵצֶל עָמְדִי v 17; עֲמֹד עַל־עָמְדֶ֑ךָ 10:11.

†[עֶמְדָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. standing-ground;—sf. יִקַּח מִכֶּם עֶמְדָּתוֹ Mi 1:11; text dub. v. Now.

עַמּוּד S TWOT GK, עַמֻּד₁₁₀ n.m. 1 K 7:15 pillar, column;—עַמּוּד abs. 1 K 7:15 +, cstr. Ex 13:21 +; עַמֻּד abs. Je 52:21, cstr. Nu 14:14; sf. עַמּוּדוֹ 2 Ch 23:13; pl. עַמּוּדִים 1 K 7:16 +, less often עַמֻּ׳ v 21 +; cstr. עַמּוּדֵי Ex 26:32 + less often עַמֻּ׳ 38:17 +; sf. עַמּוּדָיו Ex 36:38 +, עַמֻּדָיו 27:10 +, etc.;— 1. pillar, supporting house Ju 16:25, 26, 29; pillars in tabern. Ex 27:10, 11, 17; 36:38 Nu 3:37 + 27 times Ex Nu (P), + עַמּוּדֵי שִׁטִּים pillars of acacia wood Ex 26:32, 37; 36:36; pillars in Sol.’s palace 1 K 7:2, 3, 6, אוּלָם הָע׳ v 6, עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים v 2 pillars of cedar (P); in Ezek.’s temple Ez 42:6⁽⁾; ע׳ שֵׁשׁ Est 1:6 (in palace), Ct 5:15 (sim.). 2. two bronze pillars—1 K 7:15 2 K 25:13 = Je 52:17—before temple 1 K 7:15⁽⁾ + 14 times 1 K 7, + 2 K 25:16, 17⁽⁾ = Je 52:20, 21⁽⁾, Je 27:19 1 Ch 18:8 2 Ch 3:15, 16, 17 + 4 times 2 Ch 4; perhaps one was הָע׳ by which king stood in temple 2 K 11:14 = 2 Ch 23:13, 2 K 23:3; > ע׳ here = standing-place platform Thes al.; two pillars bef. Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:49. 3. columns, uprights, of silver Ct 3:10 (litter). 4. ע׳ עָשָׁן Ju 20:40 column of smoke: ע׳ (הֶ)עָנָן Ex 13:21, 22 (J) + 6 times JE, hence Ne 9:12, 19 ψ 99:7; || ע׳ (הָ)אֵשׁ Ex 13:21, 22 (J), Nu 14:14 (JE), Ne 9:12, 19; ע׳ אֵשׁ וְעָנָן Ex 14:24 (J), all of the theoph at time of Exodus. 5. a. ע׳ בַּרְזֶל Je 1:18 (fig. of proph.). b. poet. of pillars of earth Jb 9:5 ψ 75:4, of heaven Jb 26:11. c. of wisdom’s house Pr 9:1.

†[מַעֲמָד S TWOT GK] n.[m.] office, function, service;— 1. station, office, post מַעֲמָֽדְךָ Is 22:19 (|| מַצָּֽבְךָ), עַל־מַעֲמָדָם 2 Ch 35:15 at their post. 2. office, function 1 Ch 23:28. 3. service, prob. specif. waiting at table (strictly mode of standing), cstr. מַעֲמַד מְשָֽׁרְתָיו 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4.

†מָעֳמָ֑ד S TWOT GK n.[m.] standing-ground, foot-hold ψ 69:3 (in fig.).

עִמָּדִי v. עִם infr. sub עמם.

עמה TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian emû, be united, associated; emûtu, family, family connexion; NH עָמִית = BH (rare)).

†[עָמִית S TWOT GK] n.m. Lv 19:17; 25:15 associate, fellow, relation (perhaps orig. f. abstr. association, cf. פֶּחָה);—always sf.: גֶּבֶר עֲמִיתִי Zc 13:7 a man (who is) my fellow; elsewhere only Lv: עֲמִיתוֹ 5:21⁽⁾; recipr. אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ 19:11; 24:19, cf. 25:17; עֲמִיתְךָ 18:20, עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ 19:15, 17; 25:14⁽⁾, 15.

עַמִּיאֵל S GK and similar n.pr. v. sub I. עמם.

†עָמַל S TWOT GK vb. labour, toil (NH id.; Arabic عَمِلَ (˓amila) labour, make; Sab. עמל work (? n. or vb.) CIS ^{iv. 250}; Aramaic עֲמַל, ܥܡܰܠ (˓mal); Zinj. עמל; Assyrian nîmelu, gain, possessions);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ec 2:21; 3 fs. עָֽמְלָה Pr 16:26; 2 ms. עָמַלְתָּ Jon 4:10; 1 s. עָמַלְתִּי Ec 2:11 + 2 times; pl. עָֽמְלוּ ψ 127:1; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲמֹל Ec 1:3 + 3 times;—labour (very late): in building, c. בְּ ψ 127:1; tillage, c. בְּ Jon 4:10; gen., c. בְּ Ec 2:21, c. לְ Pr 16:26 Ec 5:15, c. לְ + inf. 8:17; עֲמָלוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל 1:3; 5:17, cf. 2:11, 19, 20.

†i. עָמָל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Jb 4:8 f. Ec 10:15 (against Albr ^{xvi (1896), 113}, v. Kö ^{§ 249 m}) trouble, labour, toil (on this form as abstr. v. Lag ¹⁴³ Ba ¹⁰⁵);—ע׳ Nu 23:21 +; cstr. עֲמַל Ju 10:16 +; sf. עֲמָלִי Gn 41:51 +, etc.;— 1. trouble (|| sorrow): one’s own suffering, עָמָל וְיָגוֹן Je 20:18; ע׳ וָכַעַם ψ 10:14; עֳנִי וע׳ Dt 26:7 ψ 25:18; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן 90:10; || אָוֶן Nu 23:21 Jb 5:6; || שָֽׁוְא Jb 7:3; ע׳ נפשׁו Is 53:11; ע׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י ψ 73:16; וַיַּסְתֵּר ע׳ מֵעֵינָ֑י Jb 3:10; מְנַחֲמֵי ע׳ 16:2; אדם לע׳ יוּלָּד 5:7; בע׳ אנושׁ אינימוֹ ψ 73:5; שׁכח ע׳ Jb 11:16; נַשַּׁנִי ע׳ Gn 41:51 (E); ע׳ לא זכר Pr 31:7; תקצר נפשׁו בע׳ Ju 10:16. 2. trouble, mischief, as done to others: || שֹׁד Pr 24:2; יֹצֵר ע׳ ψ 94:20; || רָע Hb 1:13; יָשׁוּב ע׳ בְרֹאשׁוֹ ψ 7:17; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן 10:7; און וע׳ 55:11; || אָוֶן Is 10:1; 59:4 Hb 1:3 ψ 7:15 Jb 4:8; 15:35; עֲמַל שְׂפָתֵימוֹ ψ 140:10 mischief of their lips. 3. toil, labour (late in Heb.): Ec 2:10⁽⁾, 21, 24; 3:13; 4:4, 6, 8, 9; 5:14, 18; 6:7; 8:15; 10:15; c. עָמַל (q.v.) 1:3; 2:11, 19, 20; 5:17; עָמֵל (שְׁהוּא) ע׳ שֶׁאֲנִי 2:18, 22; ע׳ אֲשֶׁר עָמֵל 9:9; = fruit of labour, ע׳ לְאֻמִּים יִירָ֑שׁוּ ψ 105:44; וַיַּכְנַע בע׳ לִבָּם 107:12 he humbled their mind by toil.

†ii. עָמָל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. name in Asher 1 Ch 7:35, G Αμαα, GL Αλαμ.

†i. עָמֵל S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. Pr 16:26 labourer, sufferer;—ע׳ Pr 16:26 + 2 times; pl. עֲמֵלִים Ju 5:26;— 1. labourer, workman: Ju 5:26 Pr 16:26. 2. sufferer, Jb 3:20 (|| מָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ), 20:22.

†ii. עָמֵל S TWOT^, GK^, adj. verb. toiling, only Ec, as pred.;—Ec 2:18, 22; 3:9; 4:8; 9:9.

עֲמָלֵק S GK₃₉ n.pr.gent. Amalek (on—ָ v. Lag ¹⁶² Ba ¹⁶⁰);—ancient people Nu 24:20⁽⁾, S. of Canaan—in Negeb 13:29 (all JE), fierce and war-like Bedawin (cf. GASm ²⁸² GFM Ju 6:3, 33), foes of Isr. during Exodus Ex 17:8 + 6 times Ex 17 (E), Dt 25:17, 19; later marauders in Isr. territory Ju 3:13; 6:3, 33; 7:12; 10:12, defeated by Saul 1 S 14:48; 15:2 + times 1 S 14, 28:18, and by David 30:18 (cf. adj.gent. infr.), 2 S 8:12 = 1 Ch 18:11, cf. ψ 83:8; also הָע׳ 2 S 1:1 (where read עֲמָלֵק or הָעֲמָלֵקִי, v. Comm.); ע׳ 1 Ch 4:43; as grandson of Esua Gn 36:12 (P) = 1 Ch 1:36, Gn 36:16; appar. connected with Ephr. territory Ju 5:14 (cf. 12:15 infr.; yet GFM conj. עֵמֶק).—On Amalek v. Nö^{Amalekites (1864)}; ^s.v..

†עֲמָלֵקִי S GK adj.gent. 1 S 30:13 2 S 1:13, also (as pred.) v 8; coll. = (the) Amalekites 1 S 15:6, 15; 30:1, elsewhere c. art. הָע׳ Nu 14:25, 43, 45 (J; all + הַכְּנַעֲנִי), 1 S 27:8; שְׂדֵה הָע׳ Gn 14:7; הַר הָע׳ Ju 12:15 (in Ephraim); read הָע׳ also Ju 1:16 (for הָעָם) Bu GFM, > עֲמָלֵק Hollenb Mey Kit ; on 2 S 1:1 v. foreg.

†i. עָמַם S TWOT GK^, vb. (√ of foll. cf. Arabic عَمَّ (˓amma) be comprehensive, include; عَمٌّ (˓ammun) company; also paternal uncle; perhaps Assyrian ummanu, people; Sab. עם either (a) people, or (b) paternal uncle CIS^{iv. p. 20}; pl. sf. אעממהו = (b) Mordtm ^{45. 70}; also often in n.pr. CIS^{iv. 5, 1. 99, 7} etc., Prät ²⁵ Hom ^{12, 133; . 6} We ^{1893, 480}).

i. עַם S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, , עָם₁₈₄₀ n.m. Gn 11:6 (v. infr.) people (NH id., plebeian, common man; T עַמָּא people, pl. people, tribes, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܡܳܐ (˓amo); Arabic عَمٌّ (˓ammun) v. supr.; orig. meaning prob. those united, connected, related, cf. We ^{1893, 480});—abs. עַם Gn 11:6 +, עַם Ju 9:36 +, הָעָם Jos 8:11 +; cstr. עם Nu 21:29 +; sf. עַמִּי Ex 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ 22:27 +, etc.; pl. עַמִּים Is 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (cf. Biblical Aramaic) Ne 9:22; cstr. עַמֵּי 1 K 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Ne 9:24; pl. c. sf. v. ii. עַם;—(Thes cites foll. as f. וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Ex 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps וְחַטָאתָ לְע׳, so G S Di]; Ju 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, v. GFM]; Je 8:5 [but read שׁוֹבַב for שׁוֹבְבָה Gie]);— 1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֹי), n. coll. (sg. Ex 21:8 Jos 17:14, 15, 17 2 S 17:29 + often, or pl. Ex 20:15; 24:2 Je 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Ex 1:20 2 S 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gn 11:6 (J); peoples in gen. 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Ex 19:5 (E), Dt 2:25; 4:6 + often Dt, Ne 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gn 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, 48:4 (P), Ez 23:24; 32:3 ( + דַבִּים); one’s own people Je 46:16 ψ 45:11 Ru 1:10, 15, 16⁽⁾ + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Ct 6:12 v. especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gn 41:40 (E), Ex 1:22 (E), Ne 9:10 +; עַם־אֲרָם Am 1:5; עַם־כְּמוֹשׁ (i.e. Moab) Nu 21:29 (JE), Je 48:46; but especially Isr. Ex 1:20 (E) + often; עַם־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v 9 (J); called ע׳ יהוה Nu 11:29 (E), 1 S 2:24 +, and (by י׳) עַמִּי Ex 3:7; 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַם־הָאֱלֹהִים Ju 20:2, עַם־הַקָּהָל Lv 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם ψ 107:32; especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Nu 11:1, 12, 13 +; fig. of ants Pr 30:25, the shaphan v 26, locusts Jo 2:2, cf. לְעַם לְצִיִּים ψ 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now).—On Ju 1:16 v. עֲמָלֵקִי 2. = smaller units, e.g. a. inhab. of a city Gn 19:4 (J), 1 S 9:12, 13 Je 29:16, 25 2 Ch 31:4 + (Je 8:5 del. יְרוּשׁ׳ G Gie Co Rothst). b. inhab. of a locality Je 37:12 [appar. not = tribe, Dt 33:3 read עַמּוֹ G Di Dr, Ho 10:14 Ju 5:8, 14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; v. sub d.]. c. retainers, followers Gn 14:16; 32:8; 33:15; 35:6 Ju 3:18; 8:5 2 S 15:17 Je 41:13, 14 +. d. people bearing arms 1 S 11:11 1 K 20:10 +; ע׳ כָּבֵד Nu 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Nu 31:32 (P), ע׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Jos 8:1, 3, 11; 10:7; 11:7 (all JE); so prob. Ju 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also v 14 (read sg. ? v. GFM Bu). 3. = common people Je 21:7; 22:4, Lv 4:27 (opp. ruler v 22), Ne 5:1 (opp. יְהוּדִים), 7:5 (opp. rulers). 4. people in gen., persons Gn 50:20 (E), so appar. כָּל־הָעָם אֲשֵׁר וגו׳ Ex 33:16 (J), Nu 11:34 (J), Jos 5:5⁽⁾ (D), Ju 9:36 (as sg.), v 37 (as pl.), Je 36:9; persons labouring 1 K 9:23; superior persons Jb 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֹלָם Ez 26:20 people of long ago (now in Sh^e˒ôl). 5. phrases are: a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) כְּנֵי עַמּוֹ members of one’s people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Nu 22:5 (E), Gn 23:11 (P) Lv 19:18 (H), Ju 14:16, 17 Ez 33:2, 12 +. b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (v. 3 2 K 23:6 Je 26:23 +; people in gen. שָׁעָר בְּנֵי הָעָם Je 17:19 i.e. public gate 2 Ch 35:5, 12. c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2 K 11:14, 18, 19, 20; 15:5; 16:15; 21:24⁽⁾ +, Je 37:2; 44:21 Lv 20:2 (H), Gn 23:7, 12, 13 (P); common people Je 34:19, cf. דַּלַּת ע׳ הא׳ 2 K 24:14; disting. from prince Ez 45:22; 46:3, 9, from priests Hg 2:4 Zc 7:5; = Canaanites Nu 14:9 (JE), cf. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1 Ch 5:25; mixed post-exile population Ezr 4:4. d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Jos 4:24 (D), 2 Ch 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Pal. after exile Ezr 10:2, 11; traders Ne 10:31; עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת 9:30; 10:29 2 Ch 32:13. e. מִשְׁפְּחוֹת עַמִּים ψ 96:7 = 1 Ch 16:28 (cf. ψ 22:23). f. בַּת־עַמִּי = people personif. Is 22:4 Je 4:11 + 7 times Je + 6:14 (van d. H.; om. בַּת Baer Gi), La 2:11; 3:48; 4:3, 6, 10; בְּתוּלַת בַּת־עַמִּי Je 14:17. g. designations of Isr. are: עַם־קָדוֹשׁ Dt 7:6 + 3 times, ע׳ קְדוֹשִׁים Dn 8:24, ע׳ (ה)קֹדֶשׁ Is 62:12; 63:18 Dn 12:7; ע׳ סְגֻלָּה Dt 7:6; 14:2; 26:18. h. of foreign (non-Isr.) peoples: ע׳ נָכְרִי Ex 21:8 (E), ע׳ אַחֵר Dt 28:32, and especially from language, ע׳ עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה Ez 3:5 cf. v 6, כִּלְשׁוֹן עַם וָעָם Ne 13:24 cf. Est 1:22⁽⁾; 3:12, ע׳ לֹעֵג ψ 114:1. i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6, ע׳ חֶרְמִי 34:11, ע׳־מִבְחָרָיו Dn 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֵלָּה Ezr 9:14; לֹא עַם בִּינוֹת Is 27:11.—For עַם־עוֹלָם Is 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֹת) מֵעוֹלָם (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ Oort Du Kit Che cf. Perles ^{40, 64}.

עִם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, prep. with (Aramaic עִם, ܥܰܡ (˓am), Sab. עם DHM ¹² Hom ⁵¹; cf. Arabic مَعَ, مَعْ (ma˓a, ma˓) (but v. Prät^{. i. 26})), sf. עִמִּי₄₆ and עִמָּדִי₄₅ (prob. akin to Arabic عِنْدٌ (˓indun) side, عِنْدَ (˓inda) beside: cf. √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pent. Gn 31:31; 39:7, 12, 14 Ex 33:12 Lv 26:21, 23, 27, 40 [H] Nu 22:19; Jos-K. 13 times; ψ 42:9; 86:17 Jb 10:17 Ru 1:11 Est 7:8; in Dn 7 times, Ezr Ne Ch 11 times: עמדי in Pent. Gn [JE] 14 times, Ex 17:2 Lv 25:23 Dt 5:28; 32:34, 39; Ju S 7 times; ψ 23:4; 50:11; 50:19; 101:6; Jb 14 times, Ru 1:8); עִמְּךָ, †עִמְּכָה 1 S 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֹ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם₂₇ (Gn 18:16, etc.: Gn-K 20 times; Ne 13:25; not Ezr Ch), and עִמָּהֶם₂₃ (chiefly late: Nu 22:12 Dt 29:16 (v 24 עמם), Jon 1:3 Jb 1:4, and 19 times Ne Ezr Ch): 1. a. of fellowship and companionship (Lat. cum), as Gn 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, 18:16; 19:30; 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂואל עמו Jos 7:24 al.; + often Peculiar to Ch Ezr are clauses introd. by ועמהם … 1 Ch 12:34; 13:2; 15:18 +, Ezr 8:13, 14 (Aramaic 5:2) +; so ועמו … 1 Ch 12:28 2 Ch 17:14–18; 26:17 Ezr 8:3–12, 33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Dt 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Jos 11:21 Ju 16:3 Ec 7:11; 2 S 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Dt 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, v 14, 24, 25 Am 4:10 Is 25:11; 34:7 Je 6:11; 51:40 Na 3:12 ψ 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, 81:3; 83:8; 87:4; 89:14; 104:25 +, Ct 1:11; 4:13⁽⁾ כפרים עם נרדים, v 14⁽⁾; 5:1⁽⁾. Unusually, Est 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poet. or late uses: ψ 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, ψ 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עמו, v 25; in Jb of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, 6:4 חִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עמדי פלגי שׁמן, v 20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, 2 Ch 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, 16:9 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֹת. Hence, in partic. a. of aid, Ex 23:5 Dt 22:4; 1 Ch 12:19; especially of God, Gn 21:22 אלהים עמך, 26:3 ואהיה עמך, v 33; 31:3, 5 Ex 3:12 Jos 1:5 Is 8:10 כ׳ עמנו אל ψ 23:4; 46:8, 12 Jb 29:5 + often (cf. אֵת, Gn 39:2, 3, 21, 23 Is 43:5 + ): so הִתְחַזַּק עם 1 Ch 11:10 2 Ch 16:9 Dn 10:21, עָזַר עם 1 Ch 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד 1 S 22:17, 2 S 3:12 1 Ch 4:10 (cf. Ex 23:1, and II. אֵת 1 a) With the help of ( = Gk. σύν), 1 S 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Dn 11:39 (rare).

b. Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Gn 21:10, כרת ברית עם 26:28 + often, עם (חִלֵּק) חָלַק to share with Jos 22:8 Is 53:12 +; cf. Dt 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, 18:1.

c. If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Gn 26:20; 30:8; 32:29; בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Is 3:14 +, Jb 14:3 (הֵבִיא), רִיב לי׳ עִם Hos 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, ψ 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers? v b 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Jb 9:14 אָבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, 10:17b; 16:21; perhaps צָדַק עִם 9:2; 25:4 (cf. 4 b end).

d. Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, antoher: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Gn 24:12 + often (in 1 pers. observe that in this phr. עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Gn 19:19; 20:13; 40:14 1 S 20:14 2 S 10:2 [|| 1 Ch 19:2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם Gn 26:29 +, v. also 20:9; 31:29 Dt 33:21 Ju 15:3 Jb 10:12; 13:20; 42:8 ψ 86:17 (cf. אִתְּכֶם Dt 1:30; 10:21; and Aramaic Dn 3:32), 119:124; 126:2 (1 S 12:24), Jb 33:29; הֵיטִיב עם Gn 32:10, 13 +, הֵרַע עִם 31:7; רָצָה עם be well pleased with ψ 50:18 Jb 34:9; דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subj. usually God) Ex 19:9 + (v. דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Ju 18:7, 28 2 S 3:17 1 K 1:7 Jb 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, cf. 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם 2 Ch 1:9: and with adjj. תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Dt 18:13 ψ 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם 1 K 8:61 +; cf. וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ ψ 78:37, 2 S 21:4; 23:5 1 K 3:6 (עמך), Mi 6:8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֹהָיו, ψ 73:22 toward thee, 1 Ch 19:6 Hos 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Lv 26:21 ff. (7 times), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Dt 9:7, 24; 31:27, 2 Ch 16:10; 26:19 ψ 85:5 Jb 10:17 a.

e. Of a common lot, Gn 18:23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, v 25 Jb 3:14, 15 Is 38:11 ψ 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v b 28:3⁽⁾, 69:29 Jb 30:1 1 Ch 24:5; hence like, ψ 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻגָּ֑עוּ with (i.e. like) men (in general), 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Ec 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool.

f. Of equality or resemblance generally (poet.), Jb 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה they pass by with, i.e. as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים i.e. like him, 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם ψ 28:1; 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם 88:5, cf. Ec 7:11.

†g. Of time, = as long as, ψ 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (cf. Aramaic Dn 3:33; 4:31; also Ovid. Am i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) 2 Ch 21:19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֹ); and c. inf. (late), Ezr 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֹת הַגּוֹלָה (cf. ἅμα τῷ sq. inf. Ju 3:21; 9:33; also עִם Ecclus 40:14).

2. Of a locality, close to, beside: †Gn 25:11 וישׁב יצחק עם באר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Jos 7:2 Ju 9:6; 18:22 2 S 13:23), Jos 19:46 (?), Ju 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so 19:11 2 S 20:8), 1 S 10:2 2 S 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת שָׁם עִם אֲרוֹן הא׳, 19:38; 24:16 1 K 1:9 1 Ch 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (v. Be), 21:15 (2 S 24:16), 26:16 (cf. אֵת 2). By a person, Dt 5:28 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּח עמדי by me, 1 S 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Ex 22:24 Lv 25:35, 36, 39, 47.

3. Of persons, עִם is spec. a. in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Gn 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב עמך (fig. of י׳ Lv 25:23 ψ 39:13), 27:44; 29:14 וַיֵּשֶׁב עִמּוֹ, v 25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so v 30, cf. Dt 15:16), 31:38 Lv 25:6, 40⁽⁾, 50, 53 Dt 22:2; 23:17 Ju 17:10 2 S 19:34 1 K 11:22; cf. 1 S 2:21 עם י׳ i.e. at his sanctuary.

b. In the possession of (Lat. penes): Gn 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, 31:32 Dt 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, 29:16 Jb 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Dt 32:34 כָּמֻם עִמָּדִי, Jb 27:13 (but read here prob. מֵאֵל; cf. 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, 1 S 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ, Jb 12:13 עִמּוֹ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, v 16; 25:2 ψ 130:7 2 Ch 19:3, 7. Cf. fig. ψ 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֹר חַיִּים.

c. In the custody or care of, 1 S 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: cf. Jb 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.

d. Beside = except, Dt 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, ψ 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1 f), 2 Ch 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, 20:6; perhaps Hos 9:8 (Hi Ke; but very dub., v. Comm.). Cf. אֵת 1 b.

e. With = friendly with, Gn 31:2 כי איננו עמי (syn. v 5 אֶל towards), 2 K 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Pr 23:7 וְלִבּוֹ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.

4. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one:—†a. עִם לְבַב פ׳, especially in Dt. and the later Deut. style, Dt 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Jos 14:7 I brought back word כאשׁר עם לבבי; היה עם לְבַב פ׳, especially of a purpose, 1 K 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד לִבְנוֹת וגו׳ i.e. it was David’s purpose to build, etc., v 18⁽⁾ 1 K 10:2 ( = 2 Ch 6:7, 8⁽⁾; 9:1), 1 Ch 22:7; 28:2 (both based on 1 K 8:17, etc.), 2 Ch 1:11; 24:4; 29:10; rather differently, to muse or talk with one’s heart, ψ 77:7 Ec 1:16.

†b. עִם alone, = in one’s consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (cf. אֵת 3 b; عِنْدَ (˓inda) W ^{ii. § 66}): Nu 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ i.e. operating in his mind, 1 K 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, 1 Ch 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (i.e. mentally) with him, ψ 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (i.e. is known to me; || ידעתי), prob. also 73:23; 139:18 ( = in thy thought and care); Jb 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness—or conscience—does not tell me that I need dread him), 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך i.e. that this was thy purpose (|| אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us ( = in our knowledge; || וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ew Di the way attending me, my usual way), v 14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עמו i.e. he has many such purposes, 27:11 אֲשֶׁר עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד i.e. his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, 1 S 2:26 טוֹב עִם, 2 S 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Jb 9:2; 25:4 (Ges Bu; but Ew as 1 c, Hi De beside, in comparison of).

† 5. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Ne 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (cf. مَعَ (ma˓a) W ^{ii. § 57}; in Heb. בְּ is the more usual syn.).—In 1 S 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (cf. 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter subst., with beauty of eyes; but read prob. (Gr Bu) עֶלֶם a youth (17:56; 20:22) for עם (v. HPS; Che ^{Expos. Times x. 521} אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, cf. La 4:7).

מֵעִם TWOT₇₂ from with or beside ( = παρὰ with a gen.: cf. מֵאֵת): hence a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc., Gn 13:14 אַחֲרֵי הִפָּרֶד־לוֹט מֵעִמּוֹ, 26:16 לֵךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ, 1 S 10:2, 9; 14:17 מי הלך מעמנו, 2 S 1:2; 1 S 16:14 ורוח י׳ סרה מעם שׁאול, 18:12; 2 K 2:9 בטרם אֶלָּקַח מעמך; 2 S 15:28 עַד בּוֹא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם; of heart turning מעם י׳ Dt 29:17 1 K 11:9; after שׁאל to ask, Ex 22:13 Dt 10:12 מה י׳ שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ, 1 S 1:17; 20:23 (Niph.), Is 7:11 +; דרשׁ to require, Dt 18:19; 23:22, 1 K 14:5 (to inquire); יצא מֵעִם פרעה from (being) with Ph. Ex 8:8, 25, 26; 9:33 +: cf. 2 S 3:26, 1 S 18:13 ויסירהו שׁאול מעמו; and מֵעִם פְּנֵי Gn 44:29 Jb 1:12. †Sq. a word denoting a place, Gn 48:12 וַיּוֹצֵא יוֹסֵף אֹתָם מֵעִם בִּרְכָּיו, Ex 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (cf. 1 S 2:33), Ju 9:37 מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ, 1 S 20:34 מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; Jb 28:4 מֵעִם גָּר away from, far from (si vera l.).

†b. Gn 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי (cf. with הכרית 1 S 20:15, הסיר 2 S 7:15 1 Ch 17:13 (|| 2 S 7:15 מן), הפיר ψ 89:34); Ru 4:10 לֹא־יִכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם.

†c. From the possession, or custody, of (cf. עִם 3 b, c): so with גזל Gn 31:31, ערב to take in pledge 44:32, גנב Ex 22:11, יצא (subj. a slave; cf. עם 3 a) Lv 25:41 Dt 15:16 (cf. with שִׁלַּח חָפְשִׁי Dt 15:12, 13, 18 Je 34:14, הִנָּצֵל Dt 23:16), לקח 2 S 3:15, קנח 24:21.

†d. Expressing origination or authorship: 1 S 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֹ, v 9, 33 (cf. מֵאֵת Est 7:7); especially of י׳ (cf. מֵאֵת c), Gn 41:32 נָכוֹן הָדָּבָר מֵעִם הא׳ is established from, on the part of, God, 1 K 2:33 שׁלום … מעם י׳, 12:15 (2 Ch 10:15) כִי הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה מעם י׳, Is 8:18 signs and portents מעם י׳, 28:29 גם זאת מעם י׳ יצאה, 29:6 ψ 121:2 עֶזְרִי מעם י׳, Ru 2:12. And of a judgment proceeding from any one: 2 S 3:28 נקי מעם י׳ = pronounced guiltless by י׳, Jb 34:33 הֲמֵעִמְּךָ at thy judgment shall he requite? (cf. מִן 2 d end).

†עִמָּנוּאֵל S TWOT GK n.pr.m. Immanuēl (with us is God);—ע׳ Is 7:14 van d. H. Baer; עִמָּנוּ אֵל Gi;—name of child, symbolizing presence of י׳ to deliver his people (on interpret. v. Comm.)—עִמָּנוּ אֵל 8:8, 10 is declaration of trust and confidence, with us is God! (cf. 1 K 8:57 ψ 46:8, 12); v. עִם.

†ii. [עַם S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ] n.[m.] kinsman kinsman, later development of i. עַם RS ^{58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father’s side) (Arabic عَمٌّ (˓ammun) paternal uncle, etc. v. I. עמם; cf. perhaps TelAm. ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nab. עם ancestor cf. Lzb^{151, 499}; v. also especially Nes ^{187, xvi (1896), 322 f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280–84});—sf. עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי (q.v.), and n.pr. sqq.; elsewhere pl. sf. עַמֶּיךָ Nu 27:13; 31:2 (Lv 19:16 read עַמְּךָ G Sam), + (poss.) עֲמָמֶיךָ Ju 5:14; עַמָּיו Gn 25:8 + 15 times, עַמֶּיהָ 17:14 + 3 times; read עַמַּי (for MT עַמִּי, i. עַם; cf. Krenkel ²⁸¹) Gn 49:29 and perhaps Ju 14:3 (cf. Lv 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2 K 4:13;—father’s kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Gn 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh^e˒ôl), so v 17; 35:29; 49:33 Nu 20:24 Dt 32:50, cf. Gn 49:29 (v. supr.), Nu 27:13; 31:2 Dt 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gn 17:14 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lv 7:20, 21, 25, 27; 19:8; 23:29 Nu 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Ex 31:14, cf. 30:33, 38 Lv 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה 21:14 (H), and perhaps Ju 14:3 (sim. i. עַם: [ם—ָ, הּ—ָ] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Lv 17:4, 10; 18:29 +); other combin. Ju 5:14 (si vera l., read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, v. i. עַם 2 d), Lv 21:1, 4, 15 (H), Ez 18:18 and (perhaps) 2 K 4:13.—בֶּן־עַמִּי (v. p. 122 b) perhaps = son of my kinsman; on n.pr. c. עַם v. Gray ^{41 ff.}.

†i. [עֻמָּה S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.f. juxtaposition, but only in st. c. with force of a prep. close by, side by side with, parallel to, agreeing with, corresponding to;—st. c. עֻמַּת, except Ec 5:15 always c. לְ, sf. לְעֻמָּתוֹ, once pl. cstr. לְעֻמּוֹת Ez 45:7;—a. close by, side by side with: Ex 25:27 (37:14), 28:27 (39:20), Lv 3:9 לְעֻמַּת הֶעָצֶה יְסִירֶנָּה shall take it away close by the backbone; especially of what is parallel, Ez 42:7 the wall alongside of the chambers; of the contiguous portions in Ezek.’s division of the land, alongside of each other, Ez 45:6, 7; 48:13, 18⁽⁾, 21; of movement in parallel lines, 2 S 16:13 Shimei was going along לְעֻמָּתוֹ parallel with him, v 13 Ez 1:20 וְהָאוֹפַנִּים יִנָּֽשְׂאוּ לְעֻמָּתָם, v 21; 3:13; 10:19; 11:22; 3:8 נָתַתִּי פָנֶיךָ חֲזָקִים לְעֻמַּת פְּנֵיהֶם by the side of their face (which, as antagonism is implied, = against, RV), v 8. b. agreeing with, corresponding to (a common result of juxtaposition), Ex 38:18 a screen five cubits high לעמת קלעי החצר agreeing with (RV answerable unto) the hangings of the court (in height), Ez 40:18; prob. also 1 Ch 26:16 Ne 12:24 מִשְׁמָר ל׳ מִשְׁמָר ward corresponding to ward. c. correspondingly to, 1 Ch 24:31 they also cast lots לְעֻמַּת אֲחֵיהֶם correspondingly to their brethren, v b the head, correspondingly to his younger brother, 26:12 to these … belonged charges correspondingly to their brethren; as well as Ec 7:14. d. before a sentence (Ges ^{155 n}), 1 Ch 25:8 (strangely) לְעֻמַּת כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדוֹל (v. Ke) correspondingly to (the principle) of as the small so the great; Ec 5:15 כָּל־עֻמַּת שֶׁבָּא quite exactly as he came, so shall he go (but Lambert ^{xxi. 47}, Rahlfs ^{Lt.-z. 1896 587} כִּלְעֻמַּת). e. מִלְּעֻמַּת (v. מִן 1 c, 9 a) 1 K 7:20 close beside.

†ii. עֻמָּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. Jos 19:30, v. עַכּוֹ.

עַמּוֹן S TWOT GK₁₀₆ n.pr.gent. Ammon, G Αμμαν, Αμμων (Assyrian Bît Ammanu COT);—always (except 1 S 11:11 [where however G reads בְּנֵי ע׳], ψ 83:8, which have ע׳ alone) בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, connected by J with בֶּן־עַמִּי son of Lot Gn 19:38 (and meaning of name doubtless sought herein by J; cf. ii. עַם); people apparently akin to Isr., but usually hostile, dwellng E. of Jordan, NE. of Moab, between Arnon and Jabbok: Nu 21:24⁽⁾ (JE), Dt 2:19⁽⁾, 37; 3:11, 16 Jos 12:2; 13:10 (D), v 25 (P), Ju 3:13; 10:6 + 25 times Ju 10–12, 1 S 11:11; 12:12; 14:47 2 S 8:12; 10:1 + 14 times 2 S 10–12, 17:27 1 K 11:7, 33 2 K 23:13; 24:2 1 Ch 18:11 + 20 times Ch, Am 1:13 Is 11:14 Je 9:25 + 9 times Je, Zp 2:8, 9 Ez 21:25, 33 + 5 times Ez 25, Dn 11:41.—Vid. Che^Ammon in Ency. Bib.

†עַמּוֹנִי S^, TWOT GK, עַמֹּנִי adj.gent. Ammonite;—abs. ms. עַמּוֹנִי