†[בָּקַר S TWOT GK] vb. inquire, seek (NH id., Aramaic בְּקַר, ܒܩܰܪ (bqar); also Ethiopic በቀለ (baqqala) in deriv.; orig. divide, discern, cf. Arabic بَقَرَ (baqara) slit, rip, split)—only Pi. Pf. 1 s. sf. וּבִקַּרְתִּים consec. Ez 34:11; Impf. יְבַקֵּר Lv 13:36; 27:33, אֲבַקֵּר Ez 34:12; Inf. cstr. לְבַקֵּר 2 K 16:15 + 2 times;—seek, look for, sq. לְ Lv 13:36; seek (to distinguish) sq. בֵּין־טוֹב לָרַע Lv. 27:33; seek (in order to care for) sq. acc. צֹאן Ez 34:11 (|| דרשׁ) v 12, fig. of י׳ seeking his people; contemplate, sq. בְּ ψ 27:4 (|| חָזָה בְּ); consider, reflect, abs. Pr 20:25 אַחַר נְדָרִים i.e. whether the vows were wise, or should be kept (cf. Str ad loc. & reff.); cf. perhaps 2 K 16:15 consider (what shall be done with the old altar); look at Klo, (so לְבַקֵּר 1 K 3:21 for 2nd בַּבֹּקֶר), AV RV to inquire by, S for praying; perhaps denoting some religious service to be performed by king himself, cf. especially RS ^i.467.

בָּקָר S TWOT GK₁₈₂ n.m. 1 K 5:3 + (f. Gn 33:13; Jb 1:14 cf. Dt 32:14 2 S 17:29) cattle, herd, ox (Arabic بَقَرَ (baqara), Aramaic בַּקְרָא, בַּקְרְתָא, ܒܰܩܪܳܐ (baqro) (cf. also Hom ^{222 ff.}); name from ploughing, so Thes Lag ⁵¹ al.)—abs. בּ׳ Gn 12:16 +; cstr. בְּקַר Nu 7:88; sf. בְּקָֽרְךָ Gn 45:10 +; בְּקָרֶךָ֑ Ex 20:24 Je 5:17; בְּקָרוֹ 1 S 11:7 2 S 12:4; בְּקַרְכֶם Dt 12:6; בְּקָרָם Je 3:24 +; pl. בְּקָרִים Am 6:12 (al. read בקר ים) 2 Ch 4:3 (but read פְּקָעִים v. || 1 K 7:24 infr.); sf. בְּקָרֵינוּ Ne 10:37; read בקריכם for בחוריכם 1 S 8:16 G We Dr;— 1. mostly coll. a. cattle, generic (never pl. in form) Gn 12:16; 13:5; 20:14; 21:27; 24:35 Lv 1:2 Dt 8:13 1 S 11:5 Ho 5:6 Jo 1:18 1 Ch 27:29⁽⁾ + often (frequently || צֹאן); as grazing, 1 Ch 27:29 +; in sim. כַּבּ׳ Jb 40:15 Is 11:7; 65:25; as lowing (קוֹל הַבּ׳) 1 S 15:14; מִקְנֵה בָקָר possession of (i.e. property in) cattle Gn 6:14; 47:17 (both J); עֶדְרֵי ב׳ Jo 1:18 herds of cattle; especially בֶּן־בָּקָר son of cattle (i.e. belonging to the בקר), to denote a single ox, calf, etc.; as used for food Gn 18:7 cf. v 8 (J)—in these prob. = calf (v also 1 S 14:32 בָּקָר וּבְנֵי בָקָר); usually for sacrifice (Hex only P) Nu 15:8, 9; בֶּן־הַבּ׳ Lv 1:5; appos. עֵגֶל †Lv 9:2;—cf. עֶגְלַת בָּקָר †Dt 21:3 1 S 16:2 Is 7:21;—mostly appos. פַּר Ex 29:1 + 27 times; also pl. †פָּרִים בני בקר Nu 28:11, 19, 27; 29:13, 17 (on all these cf. בֵּן); also indef. cattle, oxen, of a number not specified Nu 7:87, 88 (in both enumerated as פָּרִים); 22:40 1 S 14:32; 15:21 1 K 1:9; 7:29⁽⁾ (here of graven work) 8:5 1 Ch 12:40 2 Ch 5:6; 18:2 Is 22:13 ψ 66:15; also as beasts of burden †1 Ch 12:40 b. a particular herd of cattle Gn 18:7 (J); cf. pl. בְּקָרֵינוּ, our herds, only Ne 10:37. 2. more individually, head of cattle,—yet always of more than one (Hex mostly P; pl. only Am 6:12 + 2 Ch 4:3 v. supr.); of two Nu 7:17 + 11 times Nu 7; †cf. also צֶמֶד ב׳ yoke (pair) of oxen 1 S 11:7 cf. v 7, 1 K 19:21 cf. v 21 (ploughing, cf. v 19); also 2 S 6:6 = 1 Ch 13:9 (drawing a cart, cf. Nu 7:3 f. 1 S 6:7 f.), 2 S 24:22 = 1 Ch 21:23, 2 S 24:22, 24 1 K 19:20 Am 6:12 (pl.); 500 yoke of oxen Jb 1:3 cf. v 14; 1000 yoke 42:12; further, of four Nu 7:7; five Ex 21:37 (תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר); seven 2 Ch 29:22 (|| פָּרִים v 21); eight Nu 7:8; ten 1 K 5:3; twelve Nu 7:3 (singly called שׁוֹר) cf. v 6; of the twelve brazen bulls beneath the sea in Sol.’s temple 1 K 7:25, 44 = 2 Ch 4:4, 15 cf. 2 K 16:17 2 Ch 4:3 (דְּמוּת בְּקָרִים) v 3 (but read in both פְּקָעִים, as || 1 K 7:24 cf. Be Öt) v 4 Je 52:20; of twenty 1 K 5:3; seventy 2 Ch 29:32; hundreds or thousands 1 K 8:63 = 2 Ch 7:5, 2 Ch 15:11; 29:33; 35:7, 8, 9 (cf. v 12), & Nu 31:33, 38, 44†. Note חֶמְאַת בָּקָר Dt 32:14 (poem), שְׁפוֹת ב׳ 2 S 17:29, כְּלִי הַבּ׳ 2 S 24:22 1 K 19:21, מַלְמַד הַבּ׳ Ju 3:31, צְפִו֯עֵי הַבּ׳ Ez. 4:15 (opp. גֶּלֲלֵי הָאָדָם).

†בּוֹקֵר S TWOT GK n.m.denom. herdsman Am 7:14; of Amos himself, cf. אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה בַנֹּקְדִים 1:1.

בֹּ֫קֶר S TWOT GK^, ₂₁₄ n.m. Ex 10:13 morning (NH id.; from split, penetrate, as the dawn the darkness, light through cloud-rifts, etc.)—ב׳ Gn 1:5 + (always abs.); pl. בְּקָרִים Jb 7:18 + 4 times;— 1. morning (of point of time, time at which, never during which, Eng. morning = forenoon):—a. of end of night (opp. לַיְלָה) Ex 10:13 (J) Lv 6:2 (P) Ju 19:25 Ru 3:13⁽⁾ Is 21:12 cf. 1 S 19:11 (|| מחר, opp. לילה); opp. לֵילוֹת ψ 92:3; also (opp. לוּן) Ex 23:18; 34:25 (both JE) Lv 19:13 (H) Dt 16:4; opp. צלמות Am 5:8; cf. further Gn 40:6; 41:8 (both E) Ex 12:22; 34:2⁽⁾ (both JE) 1 S 3:15 +. †b. implying the coming of dawn, and even daylight Gn 29:25 (E) 44:3 (J) 1 K 3:21 (but Klo here for 2nd בַּבֹּקֶר, reads לְבַקֵּר by looking at it v. בָּקַר) Jb 24:17; 38:12 (|| שַׁחַר); לִפְנוֹת הַבּ׳ Ex 14:27 (JE) at the turn of the morning, so Ju 19:26 (|| בַּעֲלוֹת הַשָּׁ֑חַר v 25; sq. עַד־הָאוֹר, as something later, v 26); vid. Ru 3:14 (|| בטרו֯ם יכיר אישׁ את רעהו before men could recognise each other); cf. כּוֹכְבֵי בֹקֶר Jb 38:7 stars of morning; but also c. אוֹר vb. Gn 44:3 (J) הבקר אור; c. אור noun, באור הבקר Mi 2:1; & especially עד אור הבקר Ju 16:2 (opp. לילה) so 1 S 14:36; also 1 S 25:22, 34, 36 2 S 17:22 2 K 7:9; cf. 1 S 29:10 (|| וְאוֹר לָכֶם). †c. of coming of sunrise Ju 9:33 2 S 23:4⁽⁾ 2 K 3:22 cf. מוֹצָאֵי ב׳ וערב ψ 65:9 i.e. places of sunrise and sunset (|| קְצוֹת i.e. ends of earth). d. of beginning of day, מֵאָז הַבּ׳ וְעַד־עַתָּה Ru 2:7 (cf. v 14) vid. 2 S 24:15 (but del. WeDr); time of prayer, & praise ψ 5:4⁽⁾ (v Hu) 50:17; 88:14; 92:3; || צהרים noon 1 K 18:26 Je 20:16; of three hours of prayer, ערב ובקר וצהרים ψ 55:18 (cf. Dn 6:10, 13); cf. also c. עֶרֶב infr. e. opp. עֶרֶב Gn 49:27 (poem in J) Ex 16:7, 8, 12, 13 Lv 6:13 Nu 9:21 (all P) Dt 28:67⁽⁾ 2 S 11:14 1 K 17:6 Is 17:14 Zp 3:3 Ez 24:18⁽⁾; 33:22 Dn 8:26 ψ 30:6; 90:5, 6 Ec 11:6 1 Ch 16:40 2 Ch 2:3; 13:11; 31:3 Ezr 3:3 Est 2:14 opp. בֵּין הערבים Ex 29:39, 41 Nu 28:4, 8 (all P); especially מן־הבקר עד־הערב = all day Ex 18:13 & (without art.) v 14 (both E); מבקר לָעֶרֶבּ Jb 4:20 = between morning and evening; also מֵעֶרֶב עַד־בֹּקֶר = all night, Ex 27:21 (P) Lv 24:3 (H) Nu 9:21 & בָּעֶרֶב עַד־בּ׳ Nu 9:15 (both P); note also the formula וַיְהִי ערב ויהי בקר and evening came and then morning Gn 1:5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31 (all P), i.e. the day ended with evening, and the night with morning; peculiar is Dn 8:14 of om. of daily sacrif. עַד עֶרֶב בֹּקֶר אַלְפַּיִם וּשְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת, until 2300 evening-mornings, prob. = 2300 half-days (Ew Hi Meinh Bev Dr ⁴⁶⁴, cf. v 26 & 3½ times (years) 7:25; 12:11, 17). f. often (above & elsewhere) c. prep. ( + art. except Jb 7:18); in the morning, בַּבֹּקֶר Gn 19:27 + 110 times, cf. also בִּהְיֹת הַבּ׳ Ex 19:16; in (or at) the morning, לַבּ׳ Am 4:4 + 7 times; for (against or by) the morning, לַבּ׳ Ex 34:2 cf. ψ 130:6 (cf. Che crit. n.); nearly = until (עַד־) Ex 34:25 Dt 16:4 Zp 3:3; further בַּבּ׳ בַּבּ׳ morning by morning, every morning† Ex 16:21; 30:7; 36:3 Lv 6:5 (all P) 2 S 13:4 1 Ch 23:30 2 Ch 13:11 Is 28:19; 50:4 Ez 46:13, 14, 15 Zp 3:5 also לַבּ׳ לַבּ׳, same sense, †1 Ch 9:27; †pl. לַבְּקָרִים every m. afresh ψ 73:14 Is 33:2 cf. La 3:23; alm. = continually ψ 101:8 (cf. Je 21:12); v. לִבְקָרִים † Jb 7:18 (|| לִרְגָעִים every moment; also without prep. or art. in the morning Ho 7:6 cf. ψ 5:4⁽⁾ ψ 55:18, d. supr., & sub 2 g. fig. of bright joy after night of distress (poet.) Jb 11:17; cf. ψ 30:6; 46:6 (לִפְנוֹת בּ׳) 49:15; 59:17; 90:14; 143:8. h. in phrases, הִשְׁכִּים בַּבּ׳ (וַיַּשְׁכֵּם etc.) he rose early in the morning †Gn 19:27; 20:8; 21:14; 22:3; 26:31; 28:18; 32:1 Ex 8:16; 9:13; 24:4; 34:4 Nu 14:40 Jos 3:1; 6:12; 7:16; 8:10 (all JE) Ju 6:28; 19:5, 8 1 S 1:19; 5:4 cf. 15:12, 17:20; 29:10⁽⁾ cf. v 11, 2 K 3:22; 19:35 = Is 37:36, 2 Ch 20:20 Jb 1:5 Pr 27:14 Is 5:11; (ויקומו etc.) ויקם בַּבּ׳ †Gn 24:54 Nu 22:13, 21 (all JE) Ju 19:27; 20:19 2 S 24:11 1 K 3:21; אַשְׁמֹרֶת הַבּ׳ morning watch †Ex 14:24 1 S 11:11. 2. morrow, next day (cf. Germ. Morgen, morgen) without art. Ex 16:19, 20 Lv 7:15; 22:30 (opp. הַיּוֹם הַהוּא) Nu 16:5 (|| מָחָר v 7, 16) cf. Ex 12:10⁽⁾ Nu 9:12; with art. Ex 16:23, 24; 29:34; לַבּ׳ Ex 34:25 Nu 22:41 Zp 3:3; בַּבּ׳ 1 S 9:19 (opp. הַיּוֹם to-day) cf. 20:35; to-morrow morning הַבּ׳ Ju 6:31 (Stu); בַּבּ׳ Ex 7:15 Jos 7:14 Est 5:14; definitely בַּבּ׳ מִמָּֽחֳרָת 1 S 5:4; מֵהַבּ׳ 2 S 2:27; adverb. use in this sense (without prep. or art.) Ex 16:7 Nu 16:5.

†[בַּקָּרָה S TWOT GK] n.f.verbal. a seeking, כְּבַקָּרַת רֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ Ez 34:12 like a shepherd’s seeing his flock.

†בִּקֹּ֫רֶת S TWOT GK n.f. punishment after examination (inquisition) Lv 19:20; (scourging B AV after Jewish trad. Kerith ^{11 a} Sifra Saad AE Ki cf. Malbim^Sifra Jastrow.^{Dict. 165}.)

†[בָּקַשׁ S TWOT GK]₂₂₄ vb. seek (Ph. בקש)—Pi. Pf. בִּקֵּשׁ Dt 13:11 + 15 times; בִּקְשָׁה Ex 7:28 Est 2:15; sf. בִּקְשָׁתַם Ho 2:9; בִּקַּשְׁתִּיו Ct 3:1, 2 cf. 5:6; בִּקְשׁוּ Ezr 2:62 + 12 times; sf. בִּקְשֻׁנִי Is 65:1 + 2 times; Impf. יְבַקֵּשׁ Jos 22:23 + 37 times; יְבַקֶּשׁ־ Pr 15:14 + 2 times; אֲבַקְשָׁה ψ 122:9 + 3 times, sf. יְבַקְשֵׁהוּ 1 S 23:14 + 7 times; יְבַקְשׁוּ 1 S 16:16 + 23 times; Imv. בַּקֵּשׁ 1 S 9:3 + 3 times בַּקְּשׁוּ; 1 S 28:7 + 8 times; Inf. לְבַקֵּשׁ 1 S 10:2 + 29 times; Pt. מְבַקֵּשׁ Gn 37:16 + 23 times; pl. מְבַקְשִׁים Ex 10:11 + 38 times;— 1. seek to find: a. abs. Ju 6:29 2 K 2:17 Je 5:1 Ez 34:6 Ec 3:6; 8:17 (yet v. Ew). b. acc. Gn 37:15, 16 Jos 2:22 (J) Ju 4:22; 14:4 1 S 9:3; 10:2, 14, 21; 16:16 1 S 23:14, 25; 24:3; 26:2; 27:1, 4 + 26:20 obj. a flea, but read נַפְשִׁי G Th We Kirkp Klo Dr; 2 S 17:3, 20 1 K 1:3; 2:40; 18:10 2 K 2:16; 6:19 1 Ch 4:39 2 Ch 22:9 Ezr 2:62 ( = Ne 7:64) Ne 12:27 ψ 37:25, 36; 119:176 Pr 2:4; 21:6; 23:35; Ec 7:28; Ct 3:1, 2; 5:6; 6:1 Is 41:12, 17 Je 2:24, 33 La 1:11 Ez 7:25; 22:30; 34:4, 16 Ho 2:9 Na 3:11 Zc 11:16 Mal 2:15 Ec 3:15. c. with לְ Jb 10:6. d. acc. rei לְ pers. Ju 18:1 1 S 13:14; 28:7 1 K 1:2 Ru 3:1 Est 2:2 ψ 122:9 Is 40:20 La 1:19 Na 3:7. 2. seek to secure: a. acc. the priesthood Nu 16:10 (P); David for king 2 S 3:17; in battle 2 S 5:17 ( = 1 Ch 14:8); ψ 27:4 Je 45:5 (cf. v 5); בקשׁ נפשׁ seek to take one’s life Ex 4:19 (J) 1 S 20:1; 22:23⁽⁾; 23:15; 25:29 2 S 4:8; 16:11 1 K 19:10, 14 ψ 35:4; 38:13; 40:15; 54:5; 63:10; 70:3; 86:14 Pr 29:10 Je 4:30; 11:21; 19:7, 9; 21:7; 22:25; 34:20, 21; 38:16; 44:30⁽⁾; 46:26; 49:37. b. aim at, practise: בקשׁ רעה seek hurt of Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 24:10; 25:26 (אֶל) 1 K 20:7 ψ 71:13, 24 Est 9:2; ב׳ כזב ψ 4:3 cf. Pr 17:11, שׁבר Pr 17:19, רצון Pr 11:27, טובה Ne 2:10, אמונה Je 5:1, צדק, ענוה Zp 2:3⁽⁾ שׁלום ψ 34:15, חכמה Pr 14:6 Ec 7:25, בינה Dn 8:15, דעת Pr 15:14; 18:15, תורה Mal 2:7, אהבה Pr 17:9, תאוה 18:1 (ל of dir. obj.), חשׁבנות Ec 7:29. c. Inf. Ex 4:24 (J) Je 26:21. d. לְ & Inf. Gn 43:30 Ex 2:15 (JE) Dt 13:11 1 S 14:4; 19:2, 10; 23:10 2 S 20:19; 21:2 1 K 11:22, 40 Est 2:21; 3:6; 6:2 ψ 37:32 Ec 12:10 Zc 6:7; 12:9. 3. seek the face a. of rulers 1 K 10:24 ( = 2 Ch 9:23) Pr 29:26. b. of God (from resorting to sacred places) Ho 5:15 1 Ch 16:11 ( = ψ 105:4) 2 Ch 7:14 2 S 21:1 ψ 24:6; 27:8⁽⁾; without פְּנֵי c. יהוה Dt 4:29 Zp 1:6; 2:3 Ho 3:5; 5:6 Ex 33:7 (J) 1 Ch 16:10 ( = ψ 105:3) 2 Ch 11:16; 20:4 Is 51:1 Pr 28:5 Zc 8:21, 22 Je 50:4; אלהים 2 S 12:16, cf. Ezr 8:22 Is 45:19; 65:1 2 Ch 15:4, 15 Ho 7:10 Je 29:13 Mal 3:1 ψ 40:17; 70:5; 69:7 Dn 9:3; דבר י׳ Am 8:12; שׁמד ψ 83:17. d. sq. Inf. c. לְ, of resort to wizards, but no obj. Lv 19:31 (H). 4. desire, demand: a. acc. Ex 10:11 1 Ch 21:3. b. acc. rei מִן pers. Ez 7:26 Dn 1:20. 5. a. require, exact, acc. rei מִיַּד pers. Is 1:12; מִן pers. Ne 5:12, acc. rei v 18. b. exact equivalent or penalty for, acc. rei, מִיַּד pers. Gn 31:39; 43:9 (JE) 1 S 20:16 2 S 4:11 Ez 3:18, 20; 33:8, cf. דרשׁ; no obj. expr. Jos 22:23 (P). 6. (late) ask, request, acc. rei Est 2:15; עַל rei Ne 2:4; עַל rei מִן pers. Est 7:7 Ezr 8:23; עַל rei מִלִּפְנֵי pers. Est 4:8; acc. rei מִן pers. Dn 1:8 (obj. cl. c. אשׁר), ψ 104:21; מִן pers. 2 Ch 20:4. Pu. Impf. יְבֻקַּשׁ Je 50:20, וַיְב׳ Est 2:23; תֲּבֻקְשִׁי Ez 26:21 be sought.

†[בַּקָּשָׁה S TWOT GK] n.m. request, entreaty, בַּקָּשָׁתִי Est 5:7, 8; 7:3; בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ; Est 5:3; 9:12; בַּקָּשָׁתוֹ Ezr 7:6.

†i. בַּר S^{, , , ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.m. son (Aramaic בַּר, Syriac ܒܰܪ (bar)) only in late Heb. of Pr 31:2, 2 (both cstr.), v 2 sf. בְּרִי; נשׁקו בר ψ 2:12 kiss the son, S Modern Vrss Ges De Pe et al.; receive instruction T; δράξασθε παιδείας G; apprehendite disciplinam B Ew; kiss purely, do sincere homage Aq Sym Jer Br ¹³⁶; emend. Lag (מוֹסָרוֹ) נַשְּׁקוּ מוֹסֵרוֹ put on his bonds (cf. v 3) so Kmp Che ³⁵¹.

ii. בַּר S^{, , , ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, , ,} corn, iii. בַּר pure, בָּר TWOT, i. ii. בֹּר S^, TWOT^, GK^, v. ברר.

†I. בָּרָא S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ₅₃ vb. shape, create (cf. Arabic بَرَى (barā), form, fashion by cutting, shape out, pare a reed for writing, a stick for an arrow; بَرَأَ (bara˒a), create (loan-word); Ph. הברא CIS^{i. 347} incisor, a trade involving cutting; Assyrian barû, make, create, COT & Hpt KAT ¹ but dub.; Sab. ברא found, build, DHM ^{1883, 413}, synon. בנה; Ba ^{1888, 58}, comp. Assyrian banû, create, beget, with change of liquid; Aramaic בְּרָא, ܒܪܳܐ (bro), create)—Qal Pf. Gn 1:1 + 19 times; Impf. יִבְרָא Gn 1:21, 27 Nu 16:30; Inf. בְּרֹא Gn 5:1; Imv. בְּרָא ψ 51:12; Pt. בּוֹרֵא Is 42:5 + 10 times; sf. בֹּרַאֲךָ Is 43:1; בּוֹרְאֶיךָ Ec 12:1;—shape, fashion, create, always of divine activity, with acc. rei, seldom except in P and Is 2. 1. obj. heaven and earth Gn 1:1; 2;3 (P) Is 45:18, 18; mankind Gn 1:27⁽⁾; 5:1, 2 (P) 6:7 (J) Dt 4:32 ψ 89:48 Is 45:12; the host of heaven Is 40:26; heavens Is 42:5; ends of the earth Is 40:28; north and south ψ 89:13; wind Am 4:13; the תנינים Gn 1:21 (P). 2. the individual man Mal 2:10 (|| father) Ec 12:1; the smith and the waster Is 54:16⁽⁾ Israel as a nation Is 43:15; Jacob Is 43:1; the seed of Israel Is 43:7. 3. new conditions and circumstances: righteousness and salvation Is 45:8; darkness and evil Is 45:7; fruit of the lips Is 57:19; a new thing חֲדָשָׁה (a woman encompassing a man) Je 31:22; בְּרִיאָה (swallowing up the Korahites) Nu 16:30 (J); cloud and flame over Zion Is 4:5. 4. of transformations: a clean heart ψ 51:12 (|| חִדֵּשׁ; new heaven and earth Is 65:17 (in place of old); transformation of nature Is 41:20; with double acc. בורא ירושׁלם גילה transform Jerusalem into rejoicing Is 65:18. Niph. Pf. 2 fs. נִבְרֵאתְ Ez 21:35; 3 pl. נִבְרְאוּ Ex 34:10 + 2 times; Impf. יִבָּרֵא֑וּן ψ 104:30; Inf. sf. הִבָּרַאֲךָ Ez 28:13; הִבָּֽרְאָךְ Ez 28:15; הִבָּֽרְאָם Gn 2:4; 5:2; Pt. נִבְרָא ψ 102:19;—Pass. 1. be created: Heaven and earth Gn 2:4 (P); cratures ψ 104:30; mankind Gn 5:2 (P); heavens ψ 148:5. 2. with reference to birth: במקום אשׁר נבראת in the place where thou wast created (i.e. native land) Ez 21:35; יום הבראך day when thous wast created (king of Tyre) Ez 28:13, 15 (cf. היום ילדתיך ψ 2:7); עַם נִבְרָא ψ 102:19 (|| עַם נוֹלָד ψ 22:32). 3. of something new, astonishing: miracles Ex 34:10 (J); new things, חדשׁית Is 48:6. Pi. Pf. בֵּרֵאתָ Jos 17:15; בֵּרֵאתוֹ Jos 17:18; Inf. abs. בָּרֵא Ez 21:24⁽⁾ 23:47;— 1. cut down: a forest Jos 17:15, 18 (J); וּבָרֵא אוֹתְהֶן בְּחַרְבוֹתָם Ez 23:47. 2. cut out: יָד hand, as an index Ez 21:24⁽⁾.

†בְּרִיאָה S TWOT GK n.f. a creation, thing created, as preternatural, unparalleled; acc. cogn. אִם־ב׳ יִבְרָא י׳ Nu 16:30, cf. בָּרָא Qal 3, Niph. 3.

†בְּרָאיָה S GK n.pr.m. (י׳ hath created) a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:21.

†II. [בָּרָא S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. be fat (Arabic بَرِىَٔ (bari˒a) be free from disease, debt; v. מרא)—Hiph. Inf. לְהַבְרִיאֲבֶם 1 S 2:29 to make yourselves fat.

†בָּרִיא S TWOT GK adj. fat—ψ 73:4 Ju 3:17; pl. בְּרִיאִים 1 K 5:3; cstr. בְּרִיאֵי Dn 1:15; f. בְּרִיאָה Hb 1:16 + 2 times + Ez 34:20 בִּרְיָה; Hi Ol ^{171 a} בְּרִיָּה, < בריאה; pl. בְּרִיאוֹת Gn 41:5 + 3 times; בְּרִיאֹת Gn 41:2, 4;—fat, cattle בקר Gn 41:2, 4, 5, 7, 18, 20 (E) 1 K 5:3; sheep Ez 34:3, 20 Zc 11:16; food Hb 1:16; אישׁ ב׳ fat man Ju 3:17; בריאי בשׂר Dn 1:15; ב׳ אולם their body fat ψ 73:4.

בְּרֹאדַךְ בַּלְאֲדָן n.pr.m. v. sub מְרֹדַךְ.

בִּרְאִי S GK v. בית בראי sub בית.

בַּרְבֻּרִים S TWOT GK v. sub ברר.

ברד (cf. Arabic بَرُدَ (baruda) be or become cold).

†בָּרָד S TWOT GK n.m. Ex 9:18 hail (Arabic بَرَدٌ (baradun), Aramaic בְּרַד, ܒܰܪܕܳܐ (bardo); also Sab. ברדם, cold DHM ^{1875, 607})—בָּרָד Ex 9:18 + 28 times;—hail, c. המטיר י׳ Ex 9:18, 23, c. נתן י׳ 9:23; also Ex 9:19, 22, 24, 25, 25, 26; 10:5, 12, 15; || קֹלֹת thunder Ex 9:23, 28, 29, 33, || קֹלֹת & מָטָר Ex 9:34, || אשׁ lightning 9:24; all JE, Egyptian plague; cf. ψ 78:47, 48; 105:32; another great hailstorm Jos 10:11 (E), where אַבְנֵי הַבּ׳; further, in theoph ψ 18:13 (|| גחלי־אשׁ) 2 S 22:13 om. by error; del. however in ψ 18:14 cf. De Che etc.; אוצרות ב׳ Jb 38:22, אשׁ וב׳ שׁלג וקיטור ψ 148:8, ירקון וב׳ Hg 2:17; in sim. Is 28:2 זרם ב׳ שׁער; fig. Is 28:17; 30:30 (אבן ב׳)—fig. of judgment of י׳.

†בָּרַד S TWOT GK vb.denom. hail, וּבָרַד בְּרֶדֶת הַיָּ֑עַר consec. Is 32:19 it shall hail.

†[בָּרֹד S TWOT GK] adj. spotted, marked (as if sprinkled with hail? so Ki cf. Lag ²⁹; Syriac ܒܳܪܕܳܐ (bordo), i.e. grandinatus, grêlé, PS), mpl. of sheep & goats עֲקֻדִּים נְקֻדִּים וּבְרֻדִּים Gn 31:10, 12; horses Zc 6:3, 6.

†בֶּ֫רֶד S GK^, 1. n.pr.loc. בָּ֑רֶד Gn 16:14 near Kadesh. 2. n.pr.m. בֶּ֫רֶד an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:20.

†I. בָּרָה S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. eat (Assyrian barû & deriv. Zim ³¹) Qal Pf. 2 S 12:17 בָּרָה; Impf. אֶבְרֶה 2 S 13:6, 10 eat bread (בְּרוּ־לָכֶם 1 S 17:8 scribal error for בחדו לכם 1 K 18:25 Dr ¹⁰⁷). Pi. Inf. לְבָרוֹת La 4:10 for devouring. Hiph. Impf. תַּבְרֵנִי 2 S 13:5; Inf. לְהַבְרוֹת 2 S 3:35 cause to eat bread.

†בִּרְיָה S TWOT GK n.f. food 2 S 13:5, 7, 10; Ez 34:20 v. בָּרִיא.

†[בָּרוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. food; בְּבָרוּתִי ψ 69:22 in (or as) my food.

II. ברה TWOT (cf. Assyrian barû, bind, whence birîtu, fetter Zim ^{59, 82}, & treaty, covenant Dl ⁷).

בְּרִית S TWOT GK₂₈₅ n.f. covenant (|| Aramaic קְיָם, διαθήκη; constitutio)—ב׳ Gn 9:13 + 199 times; sf. בְּרִיתִי Gn 6:18 + 50 times; בְּרִיתְךָ Dt 33:9; בְּרִיחֶ֑ךָ ψ 44:18 + 11 times; בְּרִיתְכֶם Is 28:18; בְּרִיתֵךְ Ez 16:61; בְּרִיתוֹ Ex 2:24 + 18 times;—pact, compact, covenant. I. between men. 1. treaty, alliance, league: Abraham and Amorites Gn 14:13; Edom and its allies Ob 7; with Philistines Gn 21:27, 32 (E) 26:28 (J); Jacob and Laban Gn 31:44 (J); Joshua and Gibeonites Jos 9:6, 7, 11, 15, 16 (J); Israel and Canaanites Ex 23:32; 34:12, 15 (JE) Dt 7:2 Ju 2:2; Ammonites and Jabesh 1 S 11:1; Solomon and Hiram 1 K 5:26; Ahab and Benhadad 1 K 20:34; Syria and Israel 1 K 15:19 = 2 Ch 16:3; Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ez 17:13–19; nations against Israel ψ 83:6; nations with Egypt Ez 30:5; Ephraim and Assyria Ho 12:2; Judah and Israel Ez 16:61; Judah and Tyre Am 1:9; Assyria and Judah Is 33:8; נגיד ברית a prince in league (with him) Dn 11:22 (so He Ew; Hi Meinh Bev ref. to h. p. Onias III & translate prince of cov’t, cf. AV RV); fig., with death Is 28:15, 18; with stones of the field Jb 5:23. 2. constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects: David and Abner 2 S 3:12, 13, 21; David and the elders of Israel 2 S 5:3 = 1 Ch 11:3; Zedekiah and his people Je 34:8–18; hostile prince and Israelites Dn 9:27. 3. agreement, pledge: Jehoiada and captains 2 K 11:4 = 2 Ch 23:1; with oneself Jb 31:1; with Leviathan to be a servant Jb 40:28; between man and man Ho 10:4 cf. בעל ברית Ju 8:33; 9:4 = אל ברית Ju 9:46. 4. alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan 1 S 18:3; 20:8; 23:18 cf. ψ 55:21. 5. alliance of marriage Pr 2:17 Mal 2:14.—In all cases כרת ברית is the technical phrase for making covenant except Je 34:10 באו בברית; Dn 9:27 הגביר ברית לְ. Various preps. are used, most often לְ Ex 23:32 +, but also עִם Gn 26:28 +, אֵת 2 S 3:12 +, בֵּין 2 Ch 16:3. II. between God and man. 1. alliance of friendship (|| סוֹד) ψ 25:14. 2. covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (vid. אוֹת). a. with Noah Gn 9:9–17 (P) Is 54:10 Je 33:20, 25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge. b. with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Gn 15:18 (J) 17:2–21 Ex 2:24; 6:4, 5 Lv 26:42 (P) 2 K 13:23 1 Ch 16:15 = ψ 105:8, 10, Ne 9:8 Je 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations. c. with Israel at Sinai = Horeb, with a covenant sacrifice Ex 19:5; 24:7, 8 (E) 34:10, 27, 28 (J) 31:16 Lv 2:13 (P) 24:8; 26:9, 15, 25, 44, 45 (H) Dt 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Dt 28:69; with blessings and curses Dt 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2 Ch 34:32 ψ 25:10; 44:18; 50:5, 16; 74:20; 78:10, 37; 103:18; 106:45; 111:5, 9 Is 56:4, 6 Je 1:2, 3, 6, 8, 10; 14:21; 22:9; 31:32 Ez 16:8, 59, 60; 44:7 Dn 9:4; 11:28, 30, 32 Ho 6:7; 8:1 Zc 9:11; 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobedience, in the form of tables of the covenant Dt 9:9, 11, 15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in (י׳) ארון ברית the ark of the covenant Nu 10:33 + 40 times (vid. ארון; in 1 S 4:3, 4⁽⁾, 5 om. ברית after ארון G We Dr); set forth in דברי הברית words of the covenant Ex 34:28 (J) Dt 28:69; 29:8 2 K 23:3 ( = 2 Ch 34:31) Je 11:2–8, written in ספר הברית the book of the covenant Ex 24:7 (E, cf. 34:27 J) 2 K 23:2, 21 (cf. 2 Ch 34:30). d. with Phinehas Nu 25:12, 13 (P), a constitution, establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; cf. ברית הכהנים Ne 13:29 & ברית הלוי Mal 2:4, 8. e. with Joshua and Israel Jos 24:25 (E), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only. f. with David ψ 89:4, 29, 34, 39; 132:12 Je 33:21 (cf. 2 S 7 = 1 Ch 17); a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple (cf. ψ 2). g. Jehoiada and the people 2 K 11:17 = 2 Ch 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh. h. Hezekiah and the people 2 Ch 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship. i. Josiah and the people 2 K 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant. j. Ezra and the people Ezr 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law. k. the prophetic covenant, a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution ברית חדשׁה Je 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Is 42:6, 49:8; 55:3; 59:21; 61:8 Je 31:31, 33; 32:40; 50:5 Ez 16:60, 62; 20:37; 34:25; 37:26 Ho 2:20. In Is 2 the Messianic servant is ברית עם Is 42:6; 49:8, cf. מלאך הברית Mal 3:1. III. Phrases. 1. covenant making: כרת ברית Gn 15:18 Ex 34:10, 27 (J) Jos 24:25 (E) Dt 5:2, 3; 28:69; 29:13, 24 1 K 5:26 2 K 11:17; 17:35, 38; 23:3 2 Ch 21:7; 23:3, 16; 29:10; 34:30 Ezr 10:3 Ne 9:8 ψ 50:5; 89:4 Is 55:3; 61:8 Je 11:10; 31:31, 32, 33; 32:40; 34:13 Ez 34:25; 37:26 Hos 2:20; הקים ברית establish a covenant Gn 6:18; 9:9, 11, 17; 17:7, 19, 21 Ex 6:4 (P) Ez 16:60, 62, confirm covenant Lv 26:9 (?; H) Dt 8:18; נתן ברית Gn 17:2 (cf. 9:12) Nu 25:12 (P); ברית שׂם 2 S 23:5; עבר בברית Dt 29:11; בא בברית 2 Ch 15:12 Ez 16:8; צוה ברית ψ 111:9; נשׂא ברית על פי ψ 50:16. (Cf. further on these Dr ^{xi. 1882, 210 ff.}) 2. covenant keeping: on the part of man שׁמר ברית 1 K 11:11 Ne 1:5; 9:32 ψ 78:10; 103:18; 132:12 Dn 9:4, נצר ברית Dt 33:9 ψ 25:10, מחזיקים בברית Is 56:4, 6; on the part of God זכר ברית Gn 9:15, 16 Ex 2:24; 6:5 (all P), Lv 26:42⁽⁾ (H; on sf. cf. Di Ges ^{128, 1 R b}) v 45 (H) ψ 105:8; 106:45; 111:5 1 Ch 16:15 Ez 16:60. Thus we have נאמנת ψ 89:29; ברית עולם Gn 9:16; 17:7, 13, 18, 19 Ex 31:16 Lv 24:8 Nu 18:19; 25:13 (P) 2 S 23:5 (poet.) 1 Ch 16:17 ( = ψ 105:10) Is 24:5; 55:3; 61:8 Je 32:40; 50:5 Ez 16:60; 37:26; ברית מלח Lv 2:13 2 Ch 13:5; 21:7 (a cov’t. with sacrificial meal and salt; on cov’t. with salt in Arabia cf. We ^{iii. 124}); ברית שׁלום Nu 25:12 (P) Is 54:10 Ez 34:25; 37:26; הברית והחסד Dt 7:9, 12 1 K 8:23 ( = 2 Ch 6:14) Ne 1:5; 9:32 Dn 9:4; ברית קדשׁ Dn 11:28, 30; מסרת הברית Ez 20:37. 3. covenant violation: עבר ברית Dt 17:2 Jos 7:11, 15; 23:16 (D) Ju 2:20 2 K 18:12 Ho 6:7; 8:1; הפר ברית Gn 17:14 Lv 26:15, 44 (H) Dt 31:16, 20 (J) Ju 2:1 Is 24:5⁽⁾ Je 11:10; 14:21; 31:32; 33:20, 21 Ez 16:59; 17:18, 19; 44:7 Zc 11:10; עזב ב׳ Dt 29:24 1 K 19:10, 14 Je 22:9 Dn 11:30; מאס ברית 2 K 17:15; נאר ברית ψ 89:39; חלל ברית ψ 89:34 Mal 2:10 (cf. v 4); שׁקר בב׳ ψ 44:18; שׁכח ברית Dt 4:23, 21 Je 50:5.

בְּרוֹשׁ S^, TWOT GK^, , בְרוֹת v. sub ברשׁ.

בָּרוּת S TWOT GK v. sub I. ברה.

בֵּרוֹתָה S GK, בֵּרֹתַי S GK, בֵּרֹתִי S GK v. sub באר.

ברז TWOT (? cf. Aramaic ברז bore, pierce, or Arabic بَرَزَ (baraza), appear).

†ברזות n.pr.f. (?) descend. of Asher (perhaps בִּרְזָא foramen, Thes, or بَرْزَةٌ (barzatun) woman whose beauties are apparent) 1 Ch 7:31 Kt (Qr בִּרְזָ֑יִת).

†בַּרְזֶל S TWOT GK n.m. Ez 27:19 iron (c. ל afform.; from piercing? NH id., Aramaic id., פַּרְזֶל, ܦܰܪܙܠܴܐ (parzlo) Ph. ברזל, Assyrian parzillu COT, (Arabic فِرْزِلٌ (firzilun) fetter is loan-word))—always abs. ב׳ Gn 4:22 + 74 times (בַּרְזֶל֑ Gn 4:22 etc.);— 1. iron, lit.: a. iron-ore, stone containing iron, Dt 8:9 Jb 28:2; b. as raw material (to be worked) Gn 4:22 1 Ch 22:3, 14, 16; 29:2⁽⁾, 7 2 Ch 2:6, 13; 24:12 Is 44:12; c. as article of commerce Ez 27:12, 19; d. as material of furniture, utensils, implements, etc., עֶרֶשׂ ב׳ Dt 3:11, רֶכֶב ב׳ Jos 17:16, 18 Ju 1:19, 4:3, 13, כְּלֵי ב׳ Jos 6:19, 24 cf. 1 K 6:7 Nu 35:16, עֵט־ב׳ Jb 19:24 & fig. Je 17:1, חֲרִצֵי הַבּ׳ 2 S 12:31 = 1 Ch 20:3, מַגְזְרוֹת הַבּ׳ 2 S 12:31 cutting instr. of iron, vid. Am 1:3, כַּבְלֵי ב׳ ψ 149:8 (|| זִקִּים), נֵשֶׁק ב׳ Jb 20:24, קַרְנֵי ב׳ 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10, קִיר ב׳ & מַחֲבַת ב׳ Ez 4:3; בְּרִיחֵי ב׳, i.e. of Babylon, ag. Cyrus Is 45:2; cf. 1 S 17:7 & Is 60:17⁽⁾ (fig.) 2. tool of iron Dt 27:5 Jos 8:31 Pr 27:17⁽⁾ Ec 10:10 Is 10:34 (metaph.); head of an axe Dt 19:5 2 K 6:5, 6; so weapon 2 S 23:7 Jb 41:19; cf. also Nu 31:22 Jos 22:8 where iron as spoil of war. 3. iron in fig. of unwatered earth Dt 28:23; of Egyptian bondage, כּוּר הַבּ׳ Dt 4:20 1 K 8:51 Je 11:4; of oppression עֹל ב׳ Dt 28:48 Je 28:14 cf. v 13; of strength Je 15:12⁽⁾; cf. ב׳ מִנְעָלֶיךָ Dt 33:25 & Mi 4:13 קֶרֶן ב׳; of prophet, firm through Yahweh’s might, עַמּוּד ב׳ Je 1:18; of distress, בְּרִיחֵי ב׳ ψ 107:16 cf. v 10 of judgments of י׳, & 105:18; שֵׁבֶט ב׳ ψ 2:9; of evildoers, Je 6:28 Ez 22:18, 20; simile of scorching sky Lv 26:19; מְטִיל ב׳ of bones of hippopotamus Jb 40:18; גִּיד ב׳ of obstinate neck of Isr. Is 48:4.

†בַּרְזִלַּי S GK n.pr.m. (man of iron no adj. from names of metals; perhaps Aramaic, and בַּר = son, Nes ^{xv. 257; , Apr. 1897, 173}) 1. a Gileadite 2 S 17:27; 19:32, 33, 35, 40 1 K 2:7; בַּרְזִלָּי֑ 2 S 19:34; Ezr 2:61 = Ne 7:63 בְּנֵי בַרְזִלַּי אֲשֶׁר לָקַח מִבְּנוֹת בַּרְזִלַּי הַגִּלְעָדִי וַיִּקָּרֵא עַל־שְׁמָם, where 2nd Barzillai = above, & former is 2. a priest Ezr 2:61 = Ne 7:63, who adopted name בַּרְזִלַּי. 3. 2 S 21:8 a Meholathite.

†בָּרַח S TWOT GK^{, ,} vb. go through, flee (cf. Germ. durchgehen) (Arabic بَرِحَ (bariḥa) go away, withdraw, flee)—Qal Pf. בָּרַח Gn 31:22 + 9 times, בָּֽרְחוּ Jb 9:25, בָּרָח֑וּ Is 22:3; Impf. יִבְרַח Jb 20:24, יִבְרָ֑ח Jb 27:22 Ne 6:11 וַיִּבְרַח Gn 31:21 + 13 times; 3 fs. וַתִּבְרַח Gn 16:6, אֶבְרָח֑ ψ 139:7, יִבְרְחוּ Je 52:7, וַיִּבְרְחוּ 2 S 4:3 + 4 times, נִבְרָחָ֑ה 2 S 15:14; Imv. בְּרַח Gn 27:43 + 3 times, בִּרְחוּ Is 48:20; Inf. abs. בָּרוֹחַ Jb 27:22; cstr. בְּרֹחַ 1 S 23:6 + 3 times, בְּרוֹחַ Jon 1:3; sf. בָּרְחִי 1 K 2:7, בָּרְחֲךָ Gn 31:5, בָּרְחוֹ Gn 35:7 + 2 times;— 4. go or pass through, of bar, וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַבְּרִיחַ … לִבְרֹחַ Ex 36:33 (P). 5. flee Gn 31:20, 21, 22 (E) Ex 14:5 (J) Ju 9:21 1 S 19:12, 18; 22:17 2 S 13:34, 37, 38 (del. Dr cf. We) 15:14 Is 22:3 Je 4:29; 26:21; 39:4; 52:7 Ne 6:11; fig. of days fleeing away Jb 9:25; of man, like a shadow Jb 14:2; c. מִן flee from a place 1 S 20:1 2 S 19:10 ( + מֵעַל pers.) Is 48:20, a weapon Jb 20:24; a person, c. מֵאֵת 1 K 11:23, usually c. מִפְּנֵי Gn 16:6, 8; 31:27; 35:1, 7 Ex 2:15 (all JE) Ju 11:3 2 S 21:11 1 K 2:7; 12:2 = 2 Ch 10:2 ψ 3:1; 57:1 (titles) 139:7 Jon 1:10; מִיַּד י׳ fig. Jb 27:22; flee to, c. acc. place 1 S 27:4 1 K 11:40 Ho 12:13; c. place & לְ Ne 13:10; c. place & ה—ָ loc. Jon 1:3; 4:2 2 S 4:3; c. place & אֶל־ Nu 24:11 Am 7:12; c. אֶל־ & pers. 1 S 23:6 Gn 27:43 (J) 1 K 2:39 1 K 11:40; אַחֲרֵי & pers. 1 S 22:20; flee, sq. inf. 1 K 11:17 Dn 10:7. 6. flee = hasten, come quickly Ct 8:14. Hiph. Pf. הִבְרִיחוּ 1 Ch 8:13; Impf. יַבְרִיחַ Pr 19:26; sf. יַבְרִיחֶנּוּ Jb 41:20, וָאַבְרִחֵהוּ Ne 13:28, וַיַּבְרִיחוּ 1 Ch 12:15; Pt. מַבְרִחַ Ex 26:28;— 1. pass through, lit. Ex 26:28 (P) cf. Qal. 2. cause to flee, put to flight, animal Jb 41:20, men 1 Ch 8:13; 12:16; drive away Pr 19:26 Ne 13:28 (sq. מֵעָלַי).

†i. [בָּרִיחַ S GK] adj. fleeing (= בַּרִּיחַ) נָחָשׁ בָּרִֽחַ׃ Jb 26:13 of eclipse-dragon, לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Is 27:1 (prob. fig. of Assyrians); as subst. בָּרִיחִים Is 43:14 as fugitives (for other views cf. Comm.); so prob. also Is 15:5 בריחיה, v. בְּרִיחַ.

†ii. בְּרִיחַ S TWOT GK n.pr.m. son of Shemaiah 1 Ch 3:22.

†בְּרִיחַ S TWOT GK n.m. bar (cf. Assyrian burûḫu, spear-shaft, spear, COT)—בְּרִיחַ Dt 3:5 + 11 times (cstr. Am 1:5 etc.); בְּרִיחוֹ Ex 35:11; 39:33 Kt (Qr both ־חָיו needless); pl. בְּרִיחִם Ex 26:26 + 8 times, בְּרִיחִים 2 Ch 14:6, בְּרִיחֵי Ex 36:31 + 3 times, בְּרִיחָ֑יִךְ Na 3:13, בְּרִיחָיו Ex 40:18 + 7 times ( + Qr Ex 35:11; 39:33), בְּרִיחֶיהָ Je 51:30 La 2:9, בְּרִחֶיהָ Jon 2:7, בְּרִיחֶ֑הָ Is 15:5 but cf. infr.;— 1. a. bar, of wood, joining boards of tabern. Ex 26:26, 27⁽⁾ 28, 29⁽⁾ 35:11; 36:31, 32⁽⁾, 33, 34⁽⁾; 40:18 Nu 3:36; 4:31 (all P). b. bar(s) of city-gates Dt 3:5 Ju 16:3 1 S 23:7 2 Ch 8:5; 14:6; id. of gates of Jerusalem La 2:9; also (|| מנעולים) Ne 3:3, 6, 13, 14, 15 cf. ψ 147:13; cf. Am 1:5 Na 3:13 Je 49:31 Ez 38:11 Je 51:30; bars of city-gates, ב׳ נחשׁת 1 K 4:13, ב׳ ברזל Is 45:2 (of Babylon, broken bef. Cyrus); בְּרִיחֶ֑הָ Is 15:5 read prob. c. T Di al. בָּר׳ v. בָּרִיחַ; yet cf. Che’s crit. n. 2. fig. ב׳ בַּרְזֶל of distress, etc. ψ 107:16; of fortress, ב׳ אַרְמוֹן in simile Pr 18:19; fig. ב׳ of earth (pictured as house out of which Jonah is shut) Jon 2:7. (Older usage sg. of bar of door or gate, i.e. the great bar across the gate; so Dt 3:5 Ju 16:3 Am 1:5 1 S 23:7 1 K 4:13 Je 49:31 Pr 18:9 Jb 38:10 2 Ch 8:5 Ez 38:11 Later pl. Is 45:2 La 2:9 2 Ch 14:6 Ne 3:3, 6, 13, 14, 15 ψ 147:13, but also Na 3:13.)

†[מִבְרָח S TWOT GK] n.m. (fight) fugitive—Ez 17:21 מברחו Kt coll., מִבְרָחָיו Qr; Co reads Qr, but del. as gloss; T S Ew Sm read מִבְחָרָיו.

בַּרְחֻמִי S GK 2 S 23:31 = בַּחֲרוּמִי 1 Ch 11:33, read prob. בַּחֻרִמִי v. sub בחר & cf. Dr.

בֵּרִי S GK n.pr.m. v. sub באר p. 92.

בְּרִי Jb 37:11 v. רִי sub רוה.

[בְּרִי], בִּרְיָה S TWOT GK v. בָּרִיא sub ii. ברא.

בֵּרִים S GK 2 S 20:14 obscure, many after B read בַּחֻרִים; Klo prefers הַבִּכְרִים after G & so Dr.

בְּרִית S TWOT GK v. sub ii. ברה; also ii. אֵל 3, בַּעַל 4.

בֹּרִית S TWOT GK v. sub ברר.

†[בָּרַךְ S TWOT GK^, ]₃₂₉ vb. kneel, bless (NH id.; Arabic بَرَكَ (baraka) Ethiopic በረከ (baraka) Aramaic בְּרֵךְ, ܒܪܶܟ (brek) (praise), Palm. especially in בריך שמו לעלמא Vog ^{74 ff. 94, 144})—Qal Impf. יִבְרַךְ 2 Ch 6:13; נִבְרְכָה ψ 95:6; בָּרוֹךְ (v. Pi.); Pt. pass. בָּרוּךְ Gn 9:26 + 70 times;— 1. kneel down (so Arabic Syriac Ethiopic): וַיִּבְרַךְ עַל־בִּרְכָּיו and he kneeled upon his knees 2 Ch 6:13; נִבְרְכָה לפני י׳ let us kneel before Yahweh ψ 95:6. 2. bless (only pt. pass.). a. of God: בָּרוּךְ י׳ blessed be (or is) י׳ Ex 18:10 (E) Gn 9:26; 24:27 (J) Ru 4:14 1 S 25:32, 39 2 S 18:28 1 K 1:48; 5:21; 8:15, 56; 10:9 1 Ch 16:36; 29:10 2 Ch 2:11; 6:4; 9:8 Ezr 7:27 ψ 28:6; 31:22; 41:14; 72:18; 89:53; 106:48; 119:12; 124:6; 135:21; 144:1 Zc 11:5; ב׳ אלהים ψ 66:20; 68:36; ב׳ אדני ψ 68:20 (prob. for an original יהוה); ב׳ אל עליון Gn 14:20 (E); ב׳ צוּרִי 2 S 22:47 ( = ψ 18:47); ב׳ כבוד י׳ Ez 3:12; ב׳ שׁם כבודו ψ 72:19. b. of men: Gn 27:33 (J) Nu 22:12 (E) Dt 7:14; 28:3, 6; 33:20, 24 1 S 25:33; 26:25 Ju 17:2 1 K 2:45 ψ 118:26 Is 19:25 Je 17:7; 20:14; מברכיך ברוך blessed be the one blessing thee Gn 27:29 Nu 24:9 (E); ב׳ ליהוה Ru 2:19, 20; 3:10 1 S 15:13; 23:21 2 S 2:5 ψ 115:15; ב׳ לאל עליון Gn 14:19; בְּרוּךְ י׳ Gn 24:31; 26:29 (J); בְּרוּכֵי י׳ Is 65:23. c. things: בָּרוּךְ פרי בטנך blessed be the fruit of they womb Dt 28:4 cf. Dt 28:5 1 S 25:33 Pr 5:18. Niph. Pf. נִבְרְכוּ Gn 12:3; 18:18; 28:14 (J) bless oneself (cf. Hithp.). Pi.₂₃₃ Pf. בֵּרַךְ Gn 24:1 + 29 times; בֵּרֵךְ ψ 10:3 Nu 23:20; בֵּרְכוּ 2 Ch 20:26; וּבֵרֲכוּ Jb 1:5; sf. בֵּרֲכוֹ, בֵּרֲכַנִי, etc., Gn 27:27 + 5 times; בֵּרַכְךָ Dt 2:7 + 9 times; Impf. יְבָרֵךְ, וַיְּבָ֫רֶךְ etc., Gn 28:3 + 52 times; אֲבָֽרֲכָה Gn 12:3 + 2 times; pl. יְבָֽרֲכוּ Gn 24:60 + 11 times; sf. יְבָרֶכְךָ Gn 27:10 + 21 times; יְבָֽרֲכֶךָּ Gn 49:25 + 2 times; יְבָֽרֲכֵהוּ Gn 14:19 + 16 times; יְבָֽרֲכֵם Gn 48:20 + 6 times; אֲבָרֶכְכָה Gn 27:7; תְּכָֽרֲכַנִּי Gn 27:19, 31; יְבָֽרֲכֶנְהוּ ψ 72:15; יְרָֽרֲכוּכָה ψ 145:10; Imv. בָּרֵךְ Dt 33:11 + 29 times; Inf. cstr. בָּרֵךְ Gn 22:17 + 24 times; Inf. abs. בָּרוֹךְ Jos 24:10 (Ki, cf. Kö^{i. 191}, Ew ^{240 b, 2} Ol Sta); Pt. מְבָרֵךְ Pr 27:14 + 4 times;— 1. bless God, adore with bended knees: acc. ברך י׳ Gn 24:48 (J) Dt 8:10 Ju 5:2, 9 1 Ch 29:10, 20 2 Ch 20:26; 31:8 Ne 9:5 ψ 16:7; 26:12; 34:2; 63:5; 103:20, 21, 22; 115:18; 134:1, 2; 135:19, 20; 145:2, 10; ברכי נפשׁי את י׳ ψ 103:1, 2, 22; 104:1, 35; ברך שׁם bless the name of Yahweh Ne 9:5 ψ 96:2; 100:4; 145:1, 21; ברך אלהים Jos 22:33 ψ 66:8; 68:27 (doubtless for an original יהוה), with לְ 1 Ch 29:20; מְבָרֵךְ אָוֶן Is 66:3 (of idolatrous worship). 2. God blesses a. men: abs. Nu 23:20 (E) ψ 109:28; with acc. Gn 32:27, 30; 48:16 Ex 20:24 Nu 24:1 Jos 24:10 (E) Gn 12:2, 3; 22:17; 24:1, 35; 26:12; 30:27, 30; 39:5; 49:25 Jos 17:14 (J) Gn 1:22, 28; 5:2; 9:1; 17:16, 20; 25:11; 26:3, 24; 28:3; 35:9; 48:3 Nu 6:24, 27 (P) Dt 1:11; 2:7; 7:13; 12:7; 14:24, 29; 15:4, 6, 10, 14, 18; 16:10, 15; 23:21; 24:13, 19; 26:15; 28:8; 30:16 Ju 13:24 2 S 6:11, 12; 7:29 1 Ch 4:10; 13:14; 17:27; 26:5 2 Ch 31:10 Ne 8:6 Ru 2:4 Jb 42:12 ψ 5:13; 28:9; 29:11; 45:3; 67:2, 7, 8; 107:38; 115:12, 13; 128:5; 134:3; 147:13 Pr 3:33 Is 19:25; 51:2; 61:9 Je 31:23 Hg 2:19. b. things: sabbath Gn 2:3 Ex 20:11 (P); field Gn 27:27 (E); bread Ex 23:25 (E); work Dt 28:12 Jb 1:10 cf. Dt 33:11 ψ 65:11; 132:15. 3. men bless men: priests & kings בשׁם י׳ Dt 10:8; 21:5 2 S 6:18 1 Ch 16:2; 23:13 ψ 129:8; Melchizedek Abraham Gn 14:19; Moses Dt 33:1 Ex 12:32; 39:43; Joshua Jos 14:13; 22:6, 7; priests Lv 9:22, 23 Nu 6:23 Dt 27:12 Jos 8:33 2 Ch 30:27 ψ 118:26; Solomon 1 K 8:14, 55 ( = 2 Ch 6:3); David 2 S 6:20 ( = 1 Ch 16:43) 19:40; Eli 1 S 2:20; Balaam Nu 22:6; 23:11, 20, 25; 24:10; fathers, especially on death-bed Gn 27:4 + 12 times Gn 27 (all JE) 28:1, 6 (P) 32:1 (E) 48:9 (P) 48:15, 20; 49:28 (J) 2 S 13:25; in consecrating a sacrifice 1 S 9:13. 4. salute, greet, with an invocation of blessing (stronger than שׁלום): בך יברך ישׂראל with thee will Israel bless Gn 48:20 (E). a. in meeting Gn 47:7 (P) 2 K 4:29; 10:15 1 S 13:10. b. in departing Gn 24:60 (J) 47:10 (P) 1 K 8:66. c. by messengers 1 S 25:14 2 S 8:10 1 Ch 18:10. d. in gratitude Jb 31:20 Pr 30:11 Ne 11:2. e. morning salutation Pr 27:14. f. congratulations for prosperity Gn 12:3 (J) 27:29 Nu 24:9 (E) 1 K 1:47 ψ 49:19; 62:5. g. in homage 2 S 14:22 ψ 72:15. h. in friendliness 2 S 21:3. 5. bless, with the antithetical meaning curse (Thes) from the greeting in departing, saying adieu to, taking leave of; but rather a blessing overdone and so really a curse as in vulgar English as well as in the Shemitic cognates: 1 K 21:10, 13 Jb 1:5, 11; 2:5, 9 ψ 10:3. Pu. Impf. יְבֹרַךְ 2 S 7:29 + 3 times; תְּבֹרַךְ Ju 5:24 Pr 20:21; Pt. מְבֹרָךְ Nu 22:6 + 3 times; f. מְבֹרֶכֶת Dt 33:13; מְבֹרָכָיו ψ 37:22;— 1. pass. to be blessed, adored: שׁם י׳ Jb 1:21 ψ 113:2. 2. prospered by God: a. persons 2 S 7:29 1 Ch 17:27 ψ 37:22; 112:2; 128:4 Pr 20:21. b. things Dt 33:13. 3. have prosperity invoked, by Balaam Nu 22:6. 4. in gratitude Pr 22:9 Ju 5:24. Hiph. וַיַּבְרֵךְ הַגְּמַלִּים and he made his camels kneel Gn 24:11 (J). Hithp. הִתְבָּרֵךְ Dt 29:18 + 3 times; Impf. יִתְבָּרֵךְ Is 65:16 ψ 72:17; Pt. מִתְבָּרֵךְ Is 65:16;—bless oneslef, congratulate oneself בלבבו in his heart Dt 29:18; בזרעך with or by (cf. בְּ iii. 2. d) thy seed (invoke for oneself the blessing of the seed of Abraham) Gn 22:18; 26:4 (J); by the Messianic king ψ 72:17; באלהי אמן Is 65:16; by י׳ Je 4:2.

†בֶּ֫רֶךְ S TWOT GK n.f. Is. 45:23 knee (Assyrian birku Ethiopic ብርክ (bərk) Aramaic בֶּרֶךְ, ܒܪܽܘܟ (bruk); Arabic رُكْنَةٌ (ruknatun)) Is 45:23; du. בִּרְכַּיִם Jb 3:12 + 10 times; sf. בִּרְכַּי etc. Gn 30:3 + 11 times;—knee, knees: מים ברכים water reaching to the knees Ez 47:4; וַתְּנִיעֵנִי על ברכי Dn 10:10; יַכְּכָה בשׁחין רע על הברכים Dt 28:35; כרע על ברכים kneel on knees in worship 1 K 8:54 Ezr 9:5 cf. Is 45:23 1 K 19:18 2 Ch 6:13, in entreaty 2 K 1:13, to drink of a fountain Ju 7:5, 6; שׂם פניו בין ברכיו put his face between his knees in prayer 1 K 18:42; על ברכים upon the knees, Gn 30:3 (E; on תֵּלֵד עַל ב׳ v. Ploss^{Das Weib Aufl. 2. ii. 180 ff.} Sta ^{1886, 143 ff.}) 50:23 (E) Jb 3:12 Ju 16:19 2 K 4:20 Is 6:12; הוציא מעם ברכים Gn 48:12 (E); knees as seat of strength, weak from terror Jb 4:4 Is 35:3 Ez 7:17; 21:12 Na 2:11; or fasting ψ 109:24.

†i. בִּרָכָה n.f. blessing (Arabic بَرَكَةٌ (barakatun); Ethiopic በረከት (barakat) Aramaic בִּרְכָּא, ܒܽܘܪܟܬܳܐ (burkto); NH as Heb.)—ב׳ Gn 12:2 + 39 times; cstr. בִּרְכַּת Gn 28:4 + 9 times; sf. בִּרְכָתוֹ Gn 49:28 + 7 times; pl. בְּרָכוֹת ψ 21:7 + 4 times; cstr. בִּרְכוֹת, בִּרְכֹת Gn 49:25 + 5 times; sf. בִּרְכוֹתֵיכֶם Mal 2:2;— 1. blessing: a. of parent Gn 27:12–41; 49:28 (JE), of Moses Dt 33:1. b. of God Ex 32:29 (E) Lv 25:21 (P) Dt 11:26, 27, 29; 23:6 ( = Ne 13:2) 28:2, 8; 30:1, 19 Jos 8:34 (D) 2 S 7:29 ψ 3:9; 21:4; 133:3 Is 44:3 Ez 34:26; 44:30 Jo 2:14 Mal 3:10; ברכת יהוה Gn 39:5 (J) Dt 12:15; 16:17; 33:23 ψ 129:8 Pr 10:22; ברכה מאת י׳ ψ 24:5; ברכת אברהם Gn 28:4 (P), the blessing given to Abraham. c. of the people, in recognition of good men ψ 109:17 Pr 10:16; 11:26; 24:25; 28:20. d. of a poor man, in recognition of benefits Jb 29:13. 2. source of blessing: Abraham Gn 12:2 (J); Israel Is 19:24 Ez 34:26 Zc 8:13; seed of the righteous ψ 37:26; the king ψ 21:7; memory of the righteous Pr 10:7; new wine Is 65:8. 3. blessing, prosperity: בברכת ישׁרים by the prosperity of the upright (the city is exalted) Pr 11:11; גם ברכות יעטה מורה yea, the early rain covereth with blessings ψ 84:7 cf. Gn 49:25, 26; וארותי את ברכותיכם and I will curse your prosperity Mal 2:2. 4. blessing, praise of God Ne 9:5. 5. a gift, present Gn 33:11 (E) Jos 15:19 (J) Ju 1:15 1 S 25:27; 30:26 2 K 5:15; נֶפֶשׁ בְּרָכָה a liberal person Pr 11:25 (cf. Syriac ܒܽܘܪܟܳܐ (burko), Ethiopic በረከት (barakat)). 6. treaty of peace 2 K 18:31 = Is 36:16.

†ii. בְּרָכָה S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} 1. n.pr.loc. Valley in wilderness by Tekoa 2 Ch 20:26⁽⁾ mod. Bereikût cf. Be & reff. 2. n.pr.m. one of David’s band 1 Ch 12:3.

†בָּרוּךְ S GK n.pr.m. (blessed) 1. friend and amanuensis of Jeremiah Je 32:12, 13, 16; 36:4–32; 43:3, 6; 45:1, 2. 2. a priest, son of Zabbai (Zaccai) Ne 3:20; 10:7. 3. son of Colhozeh, of the tribe of Judah Ne 11:5.

†בְּרֵכָה S TWOT GK n.f. pool, pond (הברכה SI⁵; Arabic بِرْكَةٌ (birkatun); Sab. ברכת Sab.Denkm.⁷³; Aramaic בְּרֵיכְתָּא)—ב׳ 2 S 2:13⁽⁾ 4:12 2 K 18:17 ( = Is 36:2) 20:20 Ne 3:16 Is 7:3; 22:9, 11; cstr. בְּרֵכַת 2 S 2:13 1 K 22:38 Ne 2:14; 3:15 Na 2:9; pl. בְּרֵכוֹת Ec 2:6 Ct 7:5.

†בָּרַכְאֵל n.pr.m. (̄El doth bless, cf. Ph. ברכבעל, Palm. בלברך Vog¹¹⁷, Bab. Bariki-ili Opp ^{1887 Nov.–Dec., 536 f.}) father of Elihu Jb 32:2, 6.

†יְבֶרֶכְיָ֫הוּ S GK n.pr.m. ( = יְבָרֶכְיָהוּ s. Yah blesseth Ges ^{27, 3}) father of a Zechariah in Isaiah’s time Is 8:2; usually in abbreviated form as foll.: בֶּרֶכְיָה, 1. son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:20. 2. a Levite guard of the ark 1 Ch 9:16; 15:23. 3. father of Meshullam, one of Nehemiah’s chiefs Ne 3:4, 30; 6:18. 4. father of the prophet Zechariah Zc 1:1 = בֶּרֶכְיָהוּ v 7; בֶּרֶכְיָהוּ also 5. father of Asaph 1 Ch 6:24; 15:17. 6. Ephraimite chief 2 Ch 28:12.

בֶּרֶכְיָה S GK, בֶּרֶכְיָהוּ S GK v. יְבֶרֶכְיָהוּ supra.

ברם TWOT (cf. Arabic بَرَمَ (barama) twist a rope of two strands.)

†בְּרֹמִים S TWOT GK n.[m.] variegated cloth (Arabic بَرِيمٌ (barīmun) rope (or fabric) of two strands or colours; cf. Assyrian birmu, a kind of clothing COT, burmu, iris, Zim ⁸²; on burūmu cf. Jen^{Kosmol. 6 ff.}) וּבְגִנְזֵי בְּרֹמִים Ez 27:24.

בַּרְנֵעַ S GK cf. קדשׁ ב׳.

†בֶּ֫רַע S GK n.pr.m. king of Sodom Gn 14:2 ( √ unknown; G Βαλλα).

†בְּרִיעָה S GK n.pr.m. 1. a son of Asher Gn 46:17⁽⁾ Nu 26:44, 45 1 Ch 7:30, 31. 2. son of Ephraim 1 Ch 7:23 (where expl. as if from בְּרָעָה. 3. a Benjamite בְּרִעָה 1 Ch 8:13, בְּרִיעָה 1 Ch 8:16. 4. a Levite 1 Ch 23:10, 11.

†בְּרִיעִי S GK adj.gent. c. art. as n. coll. משׁפחת הַבְּ׳ Nu 26:44.

†בָּרַק S TWOT GK vb. flash, of lightning (Arabic بَرَقَ (baraqa) gleam, flash, lighten, Assyrian barâḳu Zim ⁷⁶, Aramaic בְּרַק, ܒܪܰܩ (braq), Ethiopic በረቀ (baraqa) Sab. ברק Hal²⁵² cf. DHM ^{1875, 597})—Qal Pf. בָּרַק so read after GL 2 S 22:15 & also in || ψ 18:15 (cf. Klo Che crit. n.); Imv. בְּרֹק ψ 144:6;—all c. acc. cogn. בָּרָק, בְּרָקִים;—flash, trans. flash lightning, subj. י׳.

†בָּרָק S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. Ez 1:13 lightning (chiefly in poetry) (Arabic بَرْقٌ (barqun), Assyrian birḳu COT, Zim ^{76, 82} Aramaic בְּרַק, ܒܰܪܩܳܐ (barqo))—abs. ב׳ Jb 20:25 + 7 times + 2 S 22:15 (cf. infr.); cstr. בְּרַק Dt 32:41 + 2 times; pl. בְּרָקִים Ex 19:16 + 7 times, בְּרָקָיו ψ 97:4;—lightning, 1. lit. mostly pl. = lightnings, lightning-flashes Ex 19:16 ψ 18:15 (in theoph., on 2 S 22:15 v. infr.) 77:19; 97:4; 135:7 Jb 38:35 Je 10:13; 51:16; so in sim. of swift brightness Na 2:5, sg. only ψ 144:6 2 S 22:15 (where however read בְּרָקִים בָּרַק cf. בָּרַק—so GL Klo Che, cf. his crit. n. ψ 18:15), Ez 1:13 (in vision), and in sim. of brightness Dn 10:6; swift destruction Zc 9:14. 2. fig. (always sing.) of flashing arrow-head Jb 20:25, cf. ב׳ חרב Dt 32:41, ב׳ חנית Na 3:3 Hb 3:11; cf. glitter of weapon Ez 21:15, 20, 33.

†בָּרָק S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. (lightning-flash, cf. Pun. Barcas, surname of Hamilear, cf. Nepos^{Hamilcar 1, 1}; Sab. ברקם DHM^{, 1875, 592}; Palm. ברק Vog ⁷⁶) son of Abinoam, & leader of Israel Ju 4:6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14⁽⁾, 15, 16, 22; 5:1, 12, 15.

בְּרַק S GK cf. בני ברק.

†בָּרֶ֫קֶת S TWOT GK n.f. a precious stone, emerald, according to G B Josephus; (from flashing, sparkling; Lag^{Rel. Jur. Eccl. x.} comp. Skr. markata, Gk. μάραγδος, ζμάραγδος) Ex 28:17; 39:10 (both P).

†בָּֽרְקַת S TWOT GK^, n.f. id., Ez 28:13, cf. Ges ^{80 R. 2} Pinsk^{Einl. 73.}

†בַּרְקוֹס S GK n.pr.m. ( √ & meaning unknown; Bab. Barḳûsu Dl ²¹²) head of a family of Nethinim, בני־ב׳ Ezr 2:53 = Ne 7:55.

†בַּרְקָנִים S TWOT GK n.m.pl. briers (so Vrss Ki al., also Stu q.v., Be, √ unknown; cf. || קוֹצִים; > J. D. Michaelis, Thes al. threshing-sledges, furnished with sharp (glittering) stones) Ju 8:7 וְדַשְׁתִּי אֶת־בְּשַׂרְכֶם אֶת־קוֹצֵי הַמִּדְבָּר וְאֶת־הַבּ׳ (vid. also דושׁ) and I will thresh your flesh together with the thorns of the wilderness and the briers; v 16 וַיִּקַּח אֶת־זִקְנֵי הָעִיר וְאֶת־קוֹצֵי הַמִּדְבָּר וְאֶת הַבּ׳ וַיֹּדַע בָּהֶם אֵת אַנְשֵׁי סֻכּוֹת (read וַיָּדָשׁ for וַיֹּדַע G Bu ¹¹⁴; cf. Stu Be) and he took the thorns of the wilderness and the briers and threshed, etc.

†[בָּרַר S TWOT GK^{, ,} ] vb. purify, select (cf. Assyrian barâru, be shining, in deriv. Zim ^{46, 73} Belser ^{ii. 154}; Arabic بِرٌّ (birrun) pious, kind, true; بَرَّ (barra) he was pious, good, virtuous, honest)—Qal Pf. בָּרוֹתִי Ez 20:38; Inf. sf. לְבָרָם Ec 3:18, Ges ^{67 p}; cf. לָבוּר 9:1 (si vera l.) as metaplastic form, but on text vid. בּוּר supra p. 101; Pt. pass. m. בָּרוּר Jb 33:3 + 4 times; f. בְּרוּרָה Ne 5:18 Zp 3:9;— 1. purge out, purify: וּבָרוֹתִי מִכֶּם הַמֹּרְדִים and I will purge out from among you the rebels Ez 20:38; שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה a purified lip Zp 3:9; בּרוּר מִלֵּל֑וּ utter in a pure, sincere manner Jb 33:3. 2. choose, select, only Pt. and in Chronicler: chosen, valiant men 1 Ch 7:40; porters 1 Ch 9:22; musicians 1 Ch 16:41; sheep Ne 5:18. 3. cleanse, make shining, polish, pt. pass. חֵץ בָּרוּר polished arrow Is 49:2 (cf. De & Je 51:11 infr.) 4. test, prove Ec 3:18 לְבָרָם הָאֱלֹהִים that God may prove them (RV);—on 9:1 v. בּוּר. Niph. הִבָּרוּ Is 52:11; Pt. נָבָר 2 S 22:27 ( = ψ 18:27);—purify oneself: a. ceremonially, the bearers of the sacred vessels Is 52:11. b. morally 2 S 22:27 = ψ 18:27. Pi. Inf. לְבָרֵר Dn 11:35 purify (|| לִצְרוֹף, לַלְבֵּן). Hiph. 1. Inf. לְהָבַר Je 4:11 purify, cleanse. 2. Imv. הָבֵרוּ הַחִצִּים Je 51:11 polish arrows (vid. 3 above). Hithp. 1. Impf. יִתְבָּרְרוּ Dn 12:10 purify oneself. 2. תִּתְבָּרַר ψ 18:27 = תִּתָּבָר 2 S 22:27 shew oneself pure, just, kind.

†ii. בַּר S^{, , , ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, , ,} adj. pure, clean, Jb 11:4 ψ 24:4; בָּר Pr 14:4; pl. cstr. בָּרֵי ψ 73:1; f. בָּרָה ψ 19:9 Ct 6:9, 10;— 1. pure, clear: בר לבב pure in heart ψ 24:4; ברי לבב ψ 73:1; a pure damsel Ct 6:9, 10, man Jb 11:4, commands of God ψ 19:9. 2. clean: אֵבוּם בָּר crib is clean Pr 14:4. 3. perhaps adv. נַשְּׁקוּ־בַר kiss purely, of sincere homage ψ 2:12 but cf. i. בַּר, p. 135.

†iii. בַּר S^{, , , ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.m. grain, corn (cf. Arabic بُرٌّ (burrun) wheat, grain of wheat), ψ 72:16 Am 5:11; 8:5, 6; בָּר Gn 41:35, 49; 42:3, 25; 45:23 (E) ψ 65:14 Pr 11:26 Je 23:28 Jo 2:24.

†i. בֹּר S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. lye, potash, alkali used in smelting metals Is 1:25 Jb 9:30 (see בֹּרִית. Is 1:25 read prob. כַּכֻּר as in a furnace (Is 48:10); there seems no evidence that ‘lye’ (i.e. water mixed with the burnt ashes of plants containing potash, used formerly for washing) was ever used in refining gold or silver: cf. J. Napier^{Anc. Workers in Metal (1856), 15, 20, 25} WAW in Smith ^{ii, 368; Amer. Rev. Ed. (1871, vol. iii), 1939}.

†ii. בֹּר S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. cleanness, pureness: בֹּר יָדַי cleanness of my hands 2 S 22:21 ( = ψ 18:21) ψ 18:25 ( = בֹּרִי my cleanness 2 S 22:25); בֹּר כַּף Jb 22:30.

†בֹּרִית S TWOT GK n.f. lye, alkali, potash, soap, used in washing Je 2:22 Mal 3:2.

†בָּר TWOT n.m. field (Biblical Aramaic בָּרָא, Syriac ܒܰܪܳܐ (baro), Arabic بَرٌّ (barrun) open country, land)—יִרְבּוּ בַבָּר they grow up in the open field Jb 39:4 (Aramaic usage).

†בַּרְבֻּרִים S TWOT GK n.m.pl. birds fattened for table of Solomon 1 K 5:3; capons Ki, geese (from their pure white feathers) T Thes, swans Ew, guinea-hens Th, fowls Tristr. AV RV (ברברי = ינשׁוף water-birds Lv 11:17 T ).

ברשׁ TWOT (√ of foll., meaning unknown).

†בְּרוֹשׁ S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Ho 14:9 cypress or fir (Assyrian burâšu COT, Aramaic בּרוֹתא, ܒܪܽܘܬܳܐ (bruto) cf. בְּרוֹת infr., v. also Gr βράθυ, Lat. bratum, cypress, juniper (PS); in favour of cypress, also G S & so Thes; in favour of fir or pine, B Rob in RobGes (because cypress not now indigenous on Lebanon); cf. also RS ^{iv. n. 20} who lays stress on Ph. n.pr.loc. אי בשם ( = אי ברושים) = Gr. Πιτυοῦσαι i.e. isle of firs;—v. further Schroed^{Phon. Spr., 99} Löw ⁵⁹ & Brathu as name of Hermon Philo Bybl. in Euseb ^{Praep. Evang. i. 10})—בְּרוֹשׁ Ho 14:9 + 4 times; בְּרוֹשִׁים 2 S 6:5 + 11 times, בְּרשִׁים Na 2:4, בְּרוֹשָׁיו Is 37:24, בְּרשָׁיו 2 K 19:23;— 1. (lit.) a noble tree, usually || ארז (except 2 S 6:5 1 K 6:34 2 Ch 3:5 ψ 104:17 Is 55:13 Ho 14:9 Na 2:4); as standing and growing Is 14:8; 37:24 = 2 K 19:23, Is 41:19; 55:13 (|| הֲדַס) 60:13 (|| כבוד לבנון = ארז) ψ 104:17. 2. sim. of luxuriance, stateliness Ez 31:8, productiveness Ho 14:9 (Now thinks cypress), fig. for spear-shafts Na 2:4 Hi-St, but G S פרשׁים; fig. for mighty men Zc 11:2. 3. as material (always pl.), for building temple (עצי ב׳) 1 K 5:22, 24; 6:34 cf. 9:11 2 Ch 2:7; עץ ב׳ (sing.) 2 Ch 3:5 (cf. Baer’s n.); צלעות ב׳ 1 K 6:15; for ships (no עץ) Ez 27:5;—בְּכֹל עֲצֵי ברושׁים 2 S 6:5 appar. = with all musical instruments made of fir, but || 1 Ch 13:8 בְּכָל־עֹז וּבְשִׁירִים & so here G We Dr.

†[בְּרוֹת S TWOT GK] n.m. id. (Aramaic (prob. North-Palest.) form of same) only pl. בְּרוֹתִים || אֲרָזִים Ct 1:17; ref. to arbour of trees as their home, cf. אֶרֶז.

†בִּרְשַׁע S GK n.pr.m. (√ & meaning unknown) king of Gomorrah Gn 14:2.

בֵּרֹתַי S GK, בֵּרֹתִי S GK, בֵּר֫וֹתָה S GK v. sub בארות, p. 92.

בשׂם TWOT (have a sweet odour, cf. Aramaic בְּסִים ܒܣܶܡ (bsem) be sweet, pleasant, Pa. ܒܰܣܶܡ (basem) to delight, בַּסִּימָא, sweet; Palm. בשימא (משחא) Vog ^{1883, Août. Sept. 153 1. 12, 155 1. 16, 18, 20 etc.} spiced (oil), cf. Reckendorf ^{1888, 405}; Assyrian bašâmu, to create, prepare and bašāmu, balsam).

בֶּ֫שֶׂם, [בָּשָׂם] v. בֹּשֶׂם.

†בֹּ֫שֶׂם S^, TWOT GK n.m. 1 K 10:10 spice, balsam, balsamtree (Arabic بَشَامٌ (bašāmun), Aramaic בּוּסְמָא, ܒܶܣܡܳܐ (besmo), Gk. βάλσαμον; cf. Löw⁵³)—ב׳ Is 3:24 +, בֶּ֫שֶׂם Ex 30:23 v. infr., בְּשָׂמִי Ct 5:1 (as if from בָּשָׂם); pl. בְּשָׂמִים Ex 25:6 + 18 times, בְּשָׂמָיו Ct 4:16;— 1. spice, perfume, sweet odour Is 3:24; קִנְּמָן־בֶּשֶׂם Ex 30:23 (ב׳ perhaps so pointed to distinguish it from) קְנֵה־בֹשֶׁם v 23;—with this cf. Aramaic ܩܢܝܐ ܕܒܣܡܐ (qny˒ dbsm˒), קני בוסמא;—spices as costly, token of wealth 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2 cf. 2 Ch 32:27; royal gifts 1 K 10:2, 10, 25 = 2 Ch 9:1, 19, 24; cf. sg. 1 K 10:10 = 2 Ch 9:9; as article of commerce Ez 27:22; burnt at burial 2 Ch 16:14; appointed for ingredient of the anointing oil Ex 25:6; 35:8 cf. v 28 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 9:30 (Palm. v. supr.); stored in temple 1 Ch 9:29; used for purifying the women of Ahasuerus Est 2:12; 2. elsewhere only Ct 4:10, 14 spices, v 16 balsam-juice, gathered Ct 5:1; balsam-tree הָרֵי ב׳ Ct 8:14; beds of balsam עֲרֻגוֹת בּ׳ Ct 6:2; cf. עֲרוּגַת בּ׳ Ct 5:13 sim. of lover’s cheeks.

†בָּֽשְׂמַת S GK n.pr.f. (perfume?)— 1. Hittite woman, a wife of Esau Gn 26:34 (P); called daughter of Ishmael, and sister of Nebaioth Gn 36:3 (but due prob. to R; this daughter of Ishmael is מַחֲלַת in 28:9 P); v. also 36:4, 10, 13, 17 (all P) (Sam. has מחלת throughout Gn 36). 2. daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz 1 K 4:15.

†יִבְשָׂם S GK n.pr.m. a descendant of Issachar 1 Ch 7:2.

†מִבְשָׂם S GK n.pr.m. 1. a son of Ishmael Gn 25:13 = 1 Ch 1:29. 2. a descendant of Simeon 1 Ch 4:25.

 †[בָּשַׂר S TWOT GK] vb. bear tidings (√ rub, smooth the face; cf. Arabic بَشَرَ (bašara) remove the face or surface of a thing, cf. Arabic بَشِرَ (bašira) be glad, joyful; بَشَّرَهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ (baššarahu bimawlūdin) he rejoiced him with the message of a new-born son; Ethiopic አብሰረ (˒absara) bring a joyful message, so Assyrian bussuru (Pa.) Dl ¹⁷⁰, Sab. תבשר DHM, also בשר n.pr.dei, بشير (bšyr) DHM ^{1883, 358}, CIS^{iv. 1, 41, 1. 3})—Pi. Pf. בִּשַּׂר Je 20:15 + 2 times; Impf. תְּבַשֵּׂר 2 S 18:20 + 4 times; אֲבַשְּׂרָה 2 S 18:19; Imv. בַּשְּׂרוּ 1 Ch 16:23 = ψ 96:2; Inf. לְבַשֵּׂר 1 S 31:9 + 2 times; Pt. מְבַשֵּׂר Is 41:27 + 6 times; f. מְבַשֶּׂרֶת Is 40:9x2; pl. מְבַשְּׂרוֹת ψ 68:12;— 3. gladden with good tidings: birth of a son Je 20:15; victory 1 S 31:9 2 S 1:20 1 Ch 10:9 ψ 68:12; היה כמבשׂר בעיניו he was in his eyes as a bearer of good tidings 2 S 4:10. 4. bear tidings 2 S 18:19, 20⁽⁾, 26; even of evil 1 S 4:17, and so with acc. בשׂר טוב 1 K 1:42. 5. herald as glad tidings: the salvation of God, preach (chiefly exilic usage) the advent of י׳ in salvation Na 2:1 Is 40:9⁽⁾; 41:27; 52:7⁽⁾; the praises of Yahweh 60:6; His righteousness in the great congregation ψ 40:10; His salvation daily ψ 96:2 = 1 Ch 16:23; the Messianic servant preaches good tidings to the meek Is 61:1. Hithp. Impf. יִתְבַּשֵּׂר 2 S 18:31 receive good tidings (so Kirkp. Klo; cf. Arabic بَشِرَ (bašira) iv. x; otherwise AV).

בָּשָׂר S TWOT GK₂₆₆ n.m. flesh (cf. Arabic بَشَرٌ (bašarun) skin, Syriac ܒܶܣܪܳܐ (besro), Assyrian bišru, blood-relation, Dl ^{Assyrian Stud. i. 143, 170}, Sab. בשר תורם flesh of bulls)—Gn 2:21 + 126 times; cstr. בְּשַׂר Gn 17:11 + 40 times; sf. בְּשָׂרִי etc. ψ 16:9 + 96 times; pl. בְּשָׂרִים Pr 14:30;— 1. of the body: a. of animals Gn 41:2–19 Ex 21:28; 22:30 Nu 12:12 (E) Nu 11:4–33 (JE) Gn 9:4 + (P 30 times) Dt 12:15 + (D 9 times) Ju 6:19–21 1 S 2:13, 15 1 K 17:6; 19:21 Jb 31:31; 41:15 ψ 50:13 Pr 23:20 Is 22:13; 44:16, 19; 65:4; 66:17 Je 7:21; 11:15 Ez 4:14 + 6 times Dn 10:3 Ho 8:13 Mi 3:3 Hg 2:12 Zc 11:9, 16. b. of men Gn 40:19 (E) 2:21 Ex 4:7 (J) Lv 12:3; 13:2 + 16 times 26:29 (P) Dt 28:53, 55; 32:42 Ju 8:7 1 S 17:44 2 K 4:34; 5:10, 14; 6:30; 9:36 Jb 2:5; 4:15; 6:12; 7:5; 10:11; 13:14; 19:20, 22; 21:6; 33:21, 25 ψ 27:2; 38:4, 8; 79:2; 102:6; 109:24 Pr 4:22; 5:11 Is 9:19; 17:4; 49:26 Je 19:9 La 3:4 Ez 32:5; 37:6, 8; 39:17, 18 Dn 1:15 Zc 14:12. The flesh of the body is contrasted with stone Ez 11:19; 36:26. 2. flesh for the body itself (especially in P): על בשׂר אדם לא ייסך upon the body of man it shall not be poured Ex 30:32 (P); מכנסי בד ילבשׁ על בשׂרו linen drawers shall he put on his body Lv 6:3; 16:4 (P); וישׂם שׂק על בשׂרו 1 K 21:27; ורחץ את בשׂרו and he shall bathe his body Lv 14:9; 15:13, 16; 16:24, 26, 28; 17:16; 22:6 Nu 19:7, 8 (P); שׂרט לנפשׁ לא תתנו בכשׂרכם ye shall not put any cutting for any one in your body Lv 19:28 cf. Lv 21:5 (P); והעבירו תער על כל בשׂרם and they shall pass a razor over all their body Nu 8:7 (P). Ec. uses בשׂר only in this sense 2:3; 4:5; 5:5; 11:10; 12:12; elsewhere this usage only in poetry; the body antith. to נפשׁ Jb 14:22 Is 10:18 ψ 63:2; לב ψ 16:9; 84:3 Pr 14:30 (only here emphatic pl. = entire body Bö ⁶⁹⁵, Leiblichkeit De); מִבְּשָׂרִי apart from my body, in disembodied state Jb 19:26; סמר מפחדך בשׂרי my body trembleth for fear of thee ψ 119:120. 3. male organ of generation (euphemism): בְּשַׂר עָרְלַתְכֶם Gn 17:11, 14, 23, 24, 25 (P); בשׂר ערוה Ex 28:42 (P), but בשׂר Gn 17:14 Lv 15:2–19 (P) Ez 16:26; 23:20; 44:7, 9. 4. flesh for kindred, blood-relations: עצם מעצמי ובשׂר מבשׂרי bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh Gn 2:23 (J); והיו לבשׂר אחד and they shall become one flesh Gn 2:24 (J); עצמי ובשׂרי Gn 29:14 (J) Ju 9:2 2 S 5:1 = 1 Ch 11:1; 19:13, 14; בשׂר with sf. in same sense Gn 37:27 (J) Ne 5:5 Is 58:7, for which שְׁאֵר בשׂרו near of kin, man or woman Lv 18:6; 25:49 (both H; 25:49 || מִשְׁפָּחָה, cf. RS ¹⁴⁹). 5. man over against God as frail or erring Gn 6:3 (J) ψ 56:5; 78:39; eyes of flesh Jb 10:4; arm of flesh 2 Ch 32:8 Je 17:5; horses are flesh not spirit Is 31:3. 6. the phrase בָּל־בָּשָׂר: a. all living beings Gn 6:17, 19; 7:21; 9:11, 15, 16, 17 Lv 17:14⁽⁾ Nu 18:15 (P) Jb 34:15 ψ 136:25. b. animals Gn 7:15, 16; 8:17 (P). c. mankind Gn 6:12, 13 Nu 16:22; 27:16 (P) Dt 5:23 ψ 65:3; 145:21 Is 40:5, 6; 49:26; 66:16, 23, 24 Je 12:12; 25:31; 32:27; 45:5 Ez 21:4, 9, 10 Jo 3:1 Zc 2:17; cf. כל בשׂר אישׁ Jb 12:10.

†בְּשׂרָה n.f. tidings (cf. Arabic بِشَارَةٌ (bišāratun) v. Ba ⁶¹; Sab. בשרן DHM ^{1876, 672}), 2 S 4:10 + 3 times; בְּשׂוֹרָה 2 S 18:25, 27— 1. good tidings 2 K 7:9. 2. tidings, news 2 S 18:20, 25; with טובה 2 S 18:27. 3. reward for good tidings 2 S 4:10; 18:22.

†בְּשׂוֹר S GK n.pr. of brook in Philistine territory: always נַחַל הַבְּשׂוֹר 1 S 30:9, 10, 21; G Βοσορ (v 21 Βεανα, but GL Βοσορ); mod. Wady Ṛazze (Gaza) according to Guérin ^{Judée ii. 213};—it empties into sea SW of Gaza. (Connexion with above √ dub.)

†בָּשַׁל S TWOT GK vb. boil, seethe (intr.), grow ripe (Aramaic בְּשַׁל, ܒܫܶܠ (bšel) ripen, Nas. ܒܫܰܠ (bšal) boil, NSyr. ܒܵܫܸܠ (bāšel) be boiled, cooked, cf. Assyrian bašâlu (bašlu, cooked) Zim ⁷⁶)—Qal Pf. בָּשַׁל Jo 4:13, בָּֽשְׁלוּ Ez 24:5;—boil, cook (intr.) Ez 24:5; grow ripe (of קציר) Jo 4:13;—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. sf. בִּשְּׁלָם 1 K 19:21; וּבִשַּׁלְתָּ֫ Ex 29:31 Dt 16:7, בִּשְּׁלוּ La 4:10 + 2 times, וּבִשְּׁלוּ consec. Zc 14:21; Impf. 3 fs. וַתְּבַשֵּׁל 2 S 13:8; 2 ms. תְּבַשֵּׁל Ex 23:19 + 2 times, יְבַשְּׁלוּ Ez 46:20, 24, וַיְבַשְּׁלוּ 2 Ch 35:13, תְּבַשְּׁלוּ Ex 16:23, וַנְּבַשֵּׁל 2 K 6:29; Imv. בַּשֵּׁל 2 K 4:38, בַּשְּׁלוּ Lv 8:31, בַּשֵּׁ֑לוּ Ex 16:23; Inf. בַּשֵּׁל 1 S 2:13; Pt. מְבַשְּׁלִים Ez 46:24;— 1. boil (tr.) obj. om. Nu 11:8, בָּשָׂר 1 S 2:13; גְּדִי Ex 23:19; 34:26 Dt 14:21; נזיד 2 K 4:38; of offerings, obj. הקדשׁים 2 Ch 35:13; obj. אשׁם Ez 46:20, זבח Ez 46:24 (no obj.) v 24, cf. Zc 14:21 (no obj.); Ex 16:23⁽⁾ opp. אפה bake. 2. cook (general), obj. בשׂר 1 K 19:21 Ex 29:31 Lv 8:31 (both P); obj. בֵּן 2 K 6:29 cf. יֶלֶד La 4:10; hence also of הפסח Dt 16:7 (cf. Di; || Ex 12:8, 9 has צְלִי אֵשׁ opp. מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמַּיִם) 2 Ch 35:13 (בָּאֵשׁ), cakes (הלבבות) 2 S 13:8. Pu. Pf. 3 fs. בֻּשָּׁ֑לָה Lv 6:21; Impf. 3 fs. תְּבֻשַּׁל־ Lv 6:21; Pt. מְבֻשָּׁל Ex 12:9 1 S 2:15;—be boiled, sodden, במים Ex 12:9 cf. Lv 6:21⁽⁾ (all P) 1 S 2:15. Hiph. Pf. הִבְשִׁילוּ ripened, brought to ripeness Gn 40:10 (grape-clusters).

†בָּשֵׁל S TWOT GK adj. cooked, boiled (Assyrian bašlu, ripe COT )—Ex 12:9 בָּשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל במים; f. בְּשֵׁלָה Nu 6:19, (both P).

†מְבַשְּׁלוֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. cooking-places Ez 46:23 (cf. בֵּית הַמְֿבַשְּׁלִים v 24).

†בִּשְׁלָם S GK n.pr.m. (= בֶּן־שְׁלָם son of peace? cf. sub בן) a Persian officer in Canaan Ezr 4:7.

בשׁן TWOT (√ of foll. = smooth, soft? cf. Arabic بَثْنَةٌ, بِثْنَةٌ (baṯnatun, biṯnatun) soft and smooth ground).

בָּשָׁן S TWOT GK^, ₆₀ n.pr.terr.m. Dt 3:3 (smooth (& fertile) land) Bashan, first mentioned as kingdom of Og, E. of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabboḳ (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (W) and mts of Hauran (E); cf. Di Nu 21:33 Wetzst ^{Hauran 82}; later a type of fertility;—usually c. art. הַבּ׳ Nu 21:33⁽⁾; 32:33 Dt 1:4 + 30 times Dt Jos; 1 K 4:13, 19 2 K 10:33 1 Ch 5:11, 12, 16, 23; 6:47, 56 Ne 9:22 ψ 68:23; 135:11; 136:20 Je 22:20; 50:19 (|| הַבַּרְמֶל), Mi 7:14 (|| id.), Na 1:4) (|| id.; personif., subj. of אֻמְלַל), Is 33:9 (|| id.; personif. subj. of נֹעֵר); הַר־בָּשָׁן (i.e. range of Hauran) ψ 68:16⁽⁾ (called הַר־אלהים,—from a sanctuary there?—& הַר־גַּבְנֻנִּים many-peaked mt.); of stately trees אַלּוֹנֵי הַבּ׳ Is 2:13 (still seen on western slope of mts. of Hauran, Wetzst^{Hauran 88}); אַלּוֹנֵי שׁ׳ Zc 11:2 (fig. of prominent men); אַלּוֹנִים מִבּ׳ Ez 27:6; of bulls אַבִּירֵי ב׳ ψ 22:13 (|| פָּרִים, fig.); so בְּנֵי־ב׳ Dt 32:14 ( + כָּרִים וְאֵילִים also עַתּוּדִים, cf. בָּקָר & צֹאן v a; vid. בֵּן 1. j. (ν)); appar. more general is מְרִיאֵי ב׳ Ez 39:18 (ref. to אֵילִים כָּרִים וְעַתּוּדִים פָּרִים … כֻּלָּם); once of kine (fem., fig. of luxurious and haughty women of Samaria) Am 4:1 פָּרוֹת הַבּ׳.

†נִבְשָׁן S GK n.pr.loc. in south. Judah הַנּ׳ Jos 15:62.

בָּשְׁנָה S^, TWOT GK^, v. sub בושׁ.

†[בשׁס] vb. Po. Inf. sf. בּוֹשַׁסְכֶם Am 5:11 prob. your trampling (by dissim. from בּוּס) sq. עַל.

בֹּשֶׁת S TWOT^, GK v. sub בושׁ.

i. בַּת S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} daughter v. sub בן.

ii. בַּת S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} bath (a measure), בָּתָה, בַּתָּה v. בתת.

†i. בְּתוּאֵל S GK^, n.pr.m. (? = מְתוּאֵל man of God) Gn 22:22, 23; 24:15, 24, 47, 50 (J) son of Nahor, neph. of Abr., living in Aramaic-Naharaim, in city of Nahor; 25:20; 28:2, 5 (P) Aramaean of Paddan-Aramaic.

†ii. בְּתוּאֵל S GK^, n.pr.loc. in Simeon 1 Ch 4:30 = בְּתוּל Jos 19:4; כְּסִיל 15:30; בֵּיתְאֵל 1 S 30:27 (v. p. 111 supr.); yet cf. Lag ⁶⁴; site unknown.

בְּתוּל S GK v. ii. בְּתוּאֵל.

בִּתְיָה S GK v. בַּת sub בן, p. 124.

בָּֽתִּים v. בית.

בתל TWOT (cf. Arabic بَتَلَ (batala) sever, separate).

†בְּתוּלָה S TWOT GK₅₀ n.f. virgin (cf. Arabic بَتُولٌ, بَتِيلٌ (batūlun, batīlun), Assyrian batultu (also batûlu of young man) 5 R 42:56 v. Jer ^{1886, 399}; NH בְּתוּלָא, ܒܬܽܘܠܴܐ (btulo))—Gn 24:16 + 19 times; cstr. בְּתוּלַת Dt 22:19 + 12 times; pl. בְּתוּלוֹת Est 2:2 + 7 times; בְּתֻלוֹת Zc 9:17; בְּתוּלֹת Ex 22:16 + 2 times; בְּתֻלֹת La 5:11; sf. בְּתוּלֹתָיו ψ 78:63 + 3 times;—one living apart in her father’s house as a virgin Gn 24:16 (J) Ex 22:15 (E) Lv 21:3, 14 (P) Dt 22:19 Ju 19:24 2 S 13:2 Jb 31:1 Is 62:5 Je 2:32; 31:13 Jo 1:8; נערה בתולה a virgin damsel Dt 22:23, 28 Ju 21:12 1 K 1:2 Est 2:3; בחור ובתולה Dt 32:25 2 Ch 36:17 Je 51:22 Ez 9:6; personification of nations בתולת ישׂראל Je 18:13; 31:4, 21 Am 5:2; ב׳ בת ציון 2 K 19:21 ( = Is 37:22; on double st. cstr. v. Ges ^130.5 Phi ⁶³) La 2:13; ב׳ בת עמי Je 14:17; ב׳ בת יהודה La 1:15; ב׳ בת צידון Is 23:12; ב׳ בת בבל Is 47:1;