ג

ג, גּ, Gîmel, third letter; in postB Heb. = numeral 3 (and so margin of printed MT); ג̈ = 3000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

גֵּא S TWOT GK v. sub. נאה.

†גָּאָה S TWOT GK vb. rise up (Aramaic Pe. (T 1 S 2:5) & often Ethiopic אֶתְגָּאֵי, ܐܶܬܓܰܠܻܝ (˒etgali) be boastful, proud, cf. also NH)—Qal Pf. ג׳ Ex 15:1, 21, גָּאוּ Ez 47:5; Impf. יִגְאֶה Jb 8:11; 10:16, Inf. abs. גָּאֹה Ex 15:1, 21;— 1. rise up, of waters Ez 47:5. 2. grow up, of plants Jb 8:11. 3. be lifted up, exalted, of head Jb 10:16, of י251 in triumph Ex 15:1, 21.

†גֵּא S TWOT GK adj. proud, scribal error for גֵּאֶה Is 16:6 (as in Je 48:29).

†גֵּאֶה S TWOT GK adj. proud, Jb 40:11, 12 Is 2:12 Je 48:29; pl. גֵּאִים ψ 94:2; 140:6 Pr 15:25; 16:19; cstr. גְּאֵי ψ 123:4 Qr גאי יונים (> Kt גאייונים), yet cf. De al.

†גֵּאָה S TWOT GK n.f. pride, Pr 8:13.

†גַּאֲוָה S TWOT GK n.f. majesty, pride (cf. Syriac ܓܰܐܽܘܬܳܐ (ga˒uto))—Jb 41:7 + 6 times; cstr. גַּאֲוַת Pr 29:23 + 2 times; sf. גַּאֲוָתִי Is 13:3 + 8 times;— 1. rising up, swelling of the sea ψ 46:4. 2. majesty, of Israel Dt 33:29, Moab Is 16:6 = Je 48:29, scales of crocodile Jb 41:7, of God Dt 33:26 ψ 68:35. 3. pride, haughtiness ψ 10:2; 31:19, 24; 36:12; 73:6 Pr 14:3; 29:23 Is 9:8; 13:11; 25:11; עליזי גאותי my proudly exulting ones Is 13:3 cf. Zp 3:11.

†גָּאוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. Ho 5:5 exaltation—Jb 40:10 + 5 times; cstr. גְּאוֹן Lv 26:19 + 31 times; sf. גְּאוֹנְךָ etc. Ex 15:7 + 9 times; pl. sf. גְּאוֹנָ֑יִךְ Ez 16:56;— 1. exaltation, majesty, excellence, a. of nations, their wealth, power, magnificence of buildings, e.g. Egypt Ez 32:12, Chaldeans Is 13:11, 19; 14:11, Philistines Zc 9:6, Assyria Zc 10:11, Jacob; ψ 47:5 Am 6:8; 8:7 Na 2:3, Israel Ho 5:5; 7:10 (prob. appellation of י׳), Na 2:3, Judah Je 13:9, Jerusalem v 9 Ez 16:56; גְּאוֹן עֻוָּהּ pride of her strength Ez 30:6, 18; 33:28; גאון עזים Ez 7:24 (but G Ew Hi Co read עזם); גאון עזבם Lv 26:19 Ez 24:21; the fruit of land of Judah will become לגאון ולתפארת majestic and beautiful Is 4:2; גאון בל צבי the majesty of all the splendour (of Tyre) Is 23:9; Zion is to become גאון עולם an everlasting excellency Is 60:15. b. of God Ex 15:7 Is 24:14 Mi 5:3; הֲדַר גְּאֹנוֹ Is 2:10, 19, 21; יַרְעֵם בְּקוֹל גְּאוֹנוֹ Jb 37:4; עֲדֵה נָא גָּאוֹן וָגֹבַהּ Jb 40:10. c. גאון הירדן majesty of the Jordan, referring to the green and shady banks, clothed with willows, tamarisks, and cane, in which the lions made their covert Je 49:19; 50:44 Zc 11:3, and therefore dangerous Je 12:5 (Ew thinks of the swelling of its agitated waters); גְּאוֹן גַּלֶּיךָ majesty of thy waves Jb 38:11. 2. pride (bad sense) Jb 35:12 ψ 59:13 Pr 8:13; 16:18 Ez 7:20; 16:49 Zp 2:10; of Moab Is 16:6⁽⁾ = Je 48:29⁽⁾.

†גֵּאוּת S TWOT GK n.f. majesty, ψ 93:1 + 7 times;— 1. lifting up גֵּאוּת עָשָׁן column of smoke Is 9:17; גֵּאוּת הַיָּם swelling of the sea ψ 89:10. 2. majesty of God ψ 93:1 Is 26:10; גֵּאוּת עָשָׂה he hath done majestically Is 12:5; עֲטֶרֶת גֵּאוּת crown of majesty Is 28:1, 3 (Samaria, on a round hill majestically commanding the country). 3. pride דִּבְּרוּ בְגֵאוּת they speak proudly ψ 17:10; so for נְאוֹת 74:20 Bi Che.

†גְּאוּאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (majesty of Ēl) the spy of the tribe of Gad Nu 13:15.

†[גַּאֲיוֹן S TWOT GK] adj. proud, גאייונים ψ 123:4 (Kt cf. Baer’s note, yet read prob. גַּאֲיוֹנִים; but Qr better, גְּאֵי יוֹנִים proudest opprssors, v. גֵּאֶה).

גאייונים v. foregoing, and also גֵּאֶה.

i. גֵּוָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, n.f. pride (contr. for גַּאֲוָה Ew ^{62 b, 73 b} cf. Aramaic Dn 4:34 & T)— 1. pride Jb 33:17 Je 13:17. 2. lifting up Jb 22:29 an exclamation, up! Ew Di De al.; but pride Hi Dr ^{154 n. (ed. 3)}.

גֵּאָיוֹת v. גַּיְא.

†I. גָּאַל S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. redeem, act as kinsman (NH, Niph. be redeemed; also גּוֹאֵל, גְּאוּלָּה)—Qal Pf. ג׳, etc. Is 44:23 + 14 times; Impf. יִגְאַל, etc. Lv 25:33 + 18 times; Imv. גְּאַל, etc. Ru 4:6 + 3 times; Inf. abs. גָּאֹל Lv 27:13 + 2 times cstr. לִגְאוֹל Ru 4:4 + 2 times; sf. לְגָאֳלֵךְ Ru 3:13; Pt. גֹּאֵל Lv 25:26 + 24 times, גּוֹאֵל Is 59 ψ 103:4; sf. גֹּאַלְךָ Is 48:17, גֹּאֲלֵךְ Is 54:8 (sf. 19 times); pass. pl. גְּאוּלִים, etc. Is 35:9 + 4 times;— 1. act as kinsman, do the part of next of kin (chiefly in D H P Ru.), גֹּאֵל kinsman Lv 25:25 (H) Nu 5:8; 35:12 (P) Ru 2:20; 3:9, 12; 4:1, 3, 6, 8, 14 1 K 16:11. a. in taking a kinsman’s widow אם יגאלך טוב יגאל ואם לא יחפץ לגאלך וגאלתיך if he will do thee the kinsman’s part (raise up children by the widow) well, let him do the kinsman’s part; but if he is not pleased to do thee the kinsman’s part then I will do thee the kinsman’s part Ru 3:13; b. in redeeming from bondage Lv 25:48, 49 (H); c. in redeeming a field Lv 25:26, 23 (H) Ru 4:4, 6, d. claim as kinsman Jb 3:5; e. גֹּאֵל הַדָּם the avenger of blood Nu 35:19, 21, 24, 25, 27⁽⁾ Jos 20:3, 5 (?; notin G) v 9 (P). Dt 19:6, 12 (D) 2 S 14:11. 2. redeem, by payment of value assessed, of consecrated things, by the original owner Lv 27:13, 15, 19, 20, 31 (P). 3. redeem, with God as subj. implying personal relationship, chiefly in poetry:—a. individuals, from death ψ 103:4 La 3:58 Ho 13:14; מבל רע Gn 48:16 (E poetry), נפשׁ ψ 69:19; 72:14, orphans Pr 23:11 Je 50:34, ריבה ריבי וגאלני ψ 119:154, גֹּאֲלִי Jb 19:25, צוּרִי וְגֹאֲלִי ψ 19:15. b. Israel, from Egyptian bondage Ex 6:6 (P?) 15:13 (song) ψ 74:2; 77:16; 78:35, מיד אויב ψ 106:10. c. from exile (chiefly Is 3, the vb. not in Is 1) Is 43:1; 44:22, 23; 48:20; 52:9; 63:9 Mi 4:10, מיד ψ 107:2 Je 31:11; Yahweh is גֹּאֵל Is 41:14; 43:14; 44:6, 24; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7, 26; 54:5, 8; 59:20; 60:16; 63:16; and the people גְּאוּלִים Is 35:9; 51:10; 62:12; 63:4 (cf. גְּאוּלַי infr.), ψ 107:2. Niph. Pf. נִגְּאָ֑ל Lv 25:49; Lv Impf. יִגָּאֵל Lv 25:30 + 5 times; תִּגָּאֵ֑לוּ Is 52:3;— 1. refl. redeem oneself Lv 25:49 (H). 2. pass. be redeemed, a. field Lv 25:30 (H), slave Lv 25:54 (H); b. consecrated things Lv 27:20, 27, 28, 33 (P); c. Jerusalem by Yahweh Is 52:3.

†גְּאוּלִים S TWOT GK Is 63:4, in שֲׁנַת גְּאוּלַי, n.abstr. redemption, according to G S B Ges Hi De MV Che Di RVm; then either pl. abstr. sf. year of (my) redemption (so most); or abstr. form. in י—, after Syriac analogy, Lag ^{ii. 101 f. . i. 19, 68. 192} (G om. my); but < Pt. pass. pl. sf. my ransomed (released) ones Ew Br Brd AV RV cf. sub גאל supra.

†גְּאֻלָּה S TWOT GK₁₄ n.f. kin (?), redemption—Lv 25:24 + 5 times; cstr. גְּאֻלַּת Lv 25:32; sf. גְּאֻלָּתִי Ru 4:6, גְּאֻלָּחֶ֑ךָ Ez 11:15, גְּאֻלָּתוֹ Lv 25:26 + 4 times;— 1. kin, אַנְשֵׁי גְּאֻלָּתֶ֑ךָ men of thy kindred Ez 11:15 RV Thes Hi al.; but G S Ew Co א׳ גלותך thy fellow-exiles. 2. redemption, of field Lv 25:24 (H) Ru 4:7. 3. right of redemption Lv 25:29, 31, 32, 48 (H) Ru 4:6 Je 32:8 = משׁפט הגאלה Je 32:7. 4. price of redemption Lv 25:26, 51, 52 (H).

†יִגְאָל S GK n.pr.m. (He redeems)— 1. one of the spies Nu 13:7. 2. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:26. 3. descendant of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:22.

†II. [גָּאַל S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. defile, late (cf. גָּעַל)—Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נְגֹאֲלוּ Is 59:3 La 4:14, on form v. Ges ^{51 h}, Kö ²⁶⁵; Pt. נִגְאָלָה Zp 3:1;—be defiled, hands with blood בַּדָּם, Is 59:3 cf. La 4:14; pt. as subst. defiled, polluted one Zp 3:1 of Jerusalem (|| מֹֽרְאָה; appos. הָעִיר הַיּוֹנָה). Pi. Pf. 1 pl. sf. גֵּאַלְנוּךָ Mal 1:7 pollute, desecrate, obj. י׳ (desecrated in his altar). Pu. Impf. וַיְגֹאֲלוּ מִן־הַכְּהֻנָּה Ezr 2:62 = Ne 7:64 cstr. pregn. and they were desecrated out of the priesthood, i.e. deposed, as desecrated ones; Pt. מְגֹאָל of bread laid on Yahweh’s altar Mal 1:7; of Yahweh’s altar (table, שֻׁלְחָן) v 12. Hiph. Pf. 1 s. אֶגְאָ֑לְתִּי Is 63:3 (on Aramaic form v. Kö ²⁷ Ges ^{53 R. 6} but) read perhaps גֵּאָ֑לְתִּי Pi., v. GFM ^{1887, 292} cf. also Ges ^N. Ol ^{255 b} Sta ^{159 b, 3};—I have polluted, i.e. stained, all my raiment, Hithp. Impf. יִתְגָּאַל Dn 1:8; יִתְגָּאָ֑ל v 8;—defile himself.

†[גֹּ֫אֶל] n.[m.] defiling, defilement, גָּֽאֳלֵי הַכְּהֻנָּה Ne 13:29.

גַּב S^, TWOT^, GK^, back, etc., v. sub גבב.

[גָּב], גָּבִים v. גוב p. 155.

i. [גֵּב S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] locust, v. sub גבה.

ii. [גֵּב S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] pit, iii. [גֵּב] beam, v. sub גוב.

גֹּב S, גּוֹב S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. v. sub גבב.

גבא TWOT (cf. Arabic جَبَأَ, جَبِىَٔ (jaba˒a, jabi˒a) restrain or withhold oneself; perhaps = جَبَا (jabā) collect (water in a cistern, also tributate), so Lane جَبَى (jabā) 1. ad fin., Fl NHWB^{i. 431}; v. also NH גבי, גָּבָה, Aramaic גָּבָא, ܓܒܳܐ (gbo) collect debts, taxes, etc.)

†גֶּ֫בֶא S TWOT GK n.m. Ez 47:11 cistern, pool (cf. Arabic جَابِيَةٌ (jābiyatun) watering-trough)— 1. cistern מַיִם מִגּ֑֫בֶא Is 30:14. 2. pool, marsh גְּבָאָיו Ez 47:13 (|| בִּצֹּאתָ֯ו).

גבב TWOT (prob. be curved, convex, elevated, Aramaic גִּבְּבָא hill; be) or make hollow, dig, Arabic جَبَّ (jabba) cut off or out, جُبٌّ (jubbun), Aramaic גֹּב, Ethiopic ግብ (gəbb) Assyrian gubbu,—all = cistern; cf. e.g. Assyrian gubbâni ša mê cisterns of water, Asrb.^{Annals Col. viii. 102}, KB^{ii. 220}; v. n.pr. גֹּב infr.

†גַּב S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m.? cf. Ez 43:13 (f. Ez 1:18) anything convex, curved, gibbous, e.g. back, chiefly late;—abs. גָּ֑ב Ez 16:24; cstr. גַּב Ez 43:13 (read גֹּבַהּ G Ew Sm Co); sf. גַּבִּי ψ 129:3, גַּבֵּךְ Ez 16:31, 39; pl. cstr. גַּבֹּת Lv 14:9, גַּבֵּי Jb 13:12; 15:26; sf. גַּבֵּיהֶם 1 K 7:33, גַּבֵּהֶם Ez 10:12, גַּבֵּיהֶן Ez 1:18, גַּבֹּתֶם Ez 1:18;— 1. back, of man (fig. of Isr.) ψ 129:3; appar. of cherubim Ez 10:12, but Hi Sm emend v. so that גּ׳ ref. to wheels, rim v. 6 infr. 2. mound, for illicit worship Ez 16:24, 34, 39 (all || רמה); G B lupanar, brothel, after analogy of fornix, but this without sufficient proof, & needless. 3. boss, or convex projection, of shield Jb 15:26 (fig.) he runneth against him … with the stout bosses of his shields (i.e. wicked against י׳); so ظهر (ẓhr) in Arabic in similar phrase; cf. also Arabic جَوْبٌ (jawbun), shield; also French bouclier from boucle. 4. bulwarks, breastworks, fig. for arguments לְגַבֵּי־חֹמֶר גַּבֵּיכֶם Jb 13:12 breastworks of clay are your breastworks. 5. brow, only גַּבֹּת עֵינָיו Lv 14:9 his eyebrows. 6. rim of wheel, felloe 1 K 7:33 Ez 1:18⁽⁾; so perhaps 10:12 v. 1 supr.—Ez 43:13; elevation, i.e. basement of altar, Da after MT, but v. גֹּבַהּ, cf. supr.

†גֹּב S 2 S 21:18, גּוֹב v 19 n.pr.loc. (cf. Aramaic גֻּבָּא den, and ܓܽܘܒܳܐ (gubo), Arabic جُبٌّ (jubbun), Ethiopic ግብ (gəbb) Assyrian gubbu, well, cistern, v. גבב)—field of battle with Philistines 2 S 21:18 = גֶּזֶר in || 1 Ch 20:4 (so here Th Ew; cf. Jos 10:33), but = גַּת G S 2 S 21:18 (GL Γαζεθ); 2 S 21:9 (om. || 1 Ch 20:5), G Ρομ, Ροβ; Klo Gath; in v 16 We Dr (q.v.) read בְּגֹב for בְּנֹב; site of Gob (si vera l.) unknown.

גַּבַּי סַלָּ֑י appar. n.pr.m. (cf. Aramaic ܓܰܒܳܝܳܐ (gaboyo), Talm גַּבָּי, tax-gatherer) a Benjamite Ne 11:8; but text dub. cf. 1 Ch 9:8 & Sm ⁷.

†גִּבְּתוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. (mound, height, cf. T גִּבְבָא ridge) Philistine city 1 K 15:27⁽⁾; 16:15, 17; assigned to Dan Jos 19:44, and to Levites 21:23: site unknown; cf. Lag ^{246, 2nd ed. 255}.

גבה TWOT (collect, Arabic جَبَا (jabā) ( = جَبَأَ (jaba˒a)?, cf. גבא supr.), NH גְּבי, גָּבָה, Aramaic גְּבָא, ܓܒܳܐ (gbo); || form גבא q.v.)

†i. [גֵּבֶה] n.[p.] locust (name from swarm, collection, Ethiopic ጉባኤ (gubā˒e) cf. also Ethiopic አንበጣ (˒anbaṭā) locust √ = Arabic نَبَطَ (nabaṭa) scaturivit, manavit), only pl. גֵּבִים Is 33:4 (in sim. of leaping).—גֵּב ii, iii, v. sub גוב.

†גּוֹב S^, TWOT GK^, n.[m.] locusts, Na 3:17; cf. גֹּבַי.

†גֹּבַי S TWOT^, GK, גּוֹבָ֑י n.m.; Am. 7:1 cf. v. 2 coll. locusts (swarm, multitude; Aramaic גּוּבָא, pl. גוּבָאֵי; on format. v. Ol ^{216 d}), גֹּבַי symbol of Yahweh’s judgment on Isr. Am 7:1; in sim. of disappearance of Assyrian leaders at destruction of Nineveh גּוֹב גּוֹבָ֑י Na 3:17 (locust-) swarm of locusts (|| אַרְבֶּה); but del. גּוֹב as dittogr. We al.

גָּבַהּ S TWOT GK vb. be high, exalted (NH id. (Hiph.), Aramaic גְּבַהּ, cf. Arabic جَبْهَةٌ (jabhatun) forehead, جَبَةٌ (jabatun) prominence of forehead; compare perhaps also Assyrian gabâni, heights (?) Lotz ¹³³)—Qal Pf. ג׳ 2 Ch 26:16 + 5 times; גָּֽבְהָא֯ Ez 31:5 (א = ה); גָּבַהְתָּ Ez 31:10, גָּֽבְהוּ Jb 35:5 + 3 times; Impf. יִגְבַּהּ Pr 18:12 + 5 times; sf. יִגְבְּהוּ Ez 31:14, תִּגְבָּ֑הוּ Jb 36:7, תִּגְּבָּ֑הוּ Je 13:15, תִּגְבְּהֶינָה Ez 16:50; Inf. כִּגְבֹהַּ ψ 103:11, לְגָבְהָה Zp 3:11;— 1. be high, lofty, tall, e.g. tree Ez 19:11; 31:5, 10, 14, heavens Jb 35:5 Is 55:9 ψ 103:11, man 1 S 10:23. 2. be exalted, of man in dignity and honour Jb 36:7, of servant of Yahweh Is 52:13, God Is 5:16, God’s ways Is 55:9. 3. lofty גָּבַהּ לִבּוֹ:—a. in a good sense, encouraged in the ways of Yahweh 2 Ch 17:6; b. elsewhere in a bad sense, be haughty ψ 131:1 Pr 18:12 2 Ch 26:16; 32:25 Ez 28:2, 5, 17, and so without לב Is 3:16 Je 13:15 Ez 16:50 Zp 3:11. Hiph. Pf. הִגְבַּהְתִּי Ez 17:24; Impf. יַגְבִּיהַּ Jb 39:27 Je 49:16 Ob 4; וַיַּגְבִּיהֶהָ 2 Ch 33:14; יַגְבִּיהוּ Jb 5:7; Inf. הַגְבֵּהַּ Is 7:11 Ez 21:31; Pt. מַגְבִּיהַּ Pr 17:19 ψ 113:5;—make high, exalt, e.g. trees Ez 17:24, wall 2 Ch 33:14, gate Pr 17:19, nest Je 49:16 Ob 4, dwelling ψ 113:5 a request Is 7:11, the lowly Ez 21:31; יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף make their flight high, soar aloft Jb 5:7, without עוף Jb 39:27.

†גָּבֹהַּ S TWOT GK adj. high, exalted—1 S 9:2 + 15 times; גָּבוֹהַּ ψ 138:6; cstr. גְּבֹהַּ 1 S 16:7; גְּבַהּ (Ew ^{213 d}) ψ 101:5 + 3 times; pl. גְּבֹהִים Ec 5:7 + 5 times; f. גְּבֹהָה Dt 3:5 + 6 times; pl. גְּבֹהוֹת Dn 8:3 + 2 times; גְּבֹהֹת Dt 28:52;— 1. high, lofty, tall, e.g. Ez 17:24, tower Is 2:15 Zp 1:16, mountain Gn 7:19 ψ 104:18 Is 40:9; 57:7 Ez 17:22; 40:2; cf. phrases על כל גבעה גבהה upon every high hill 1 K 14:23 2 K 17:10 Je 2:20; על גבעות הגבהות Je 17:2; עַל־כָּל־הַר גָּבֹהַּ Is 30:25 Je 3:6; man 1 S 9:2; tree גְּבַהּ קוֹמָה Ez 31:3; horns Dn 8:3; walls Dt 3:5; 28:52; gallows Est 5:14; 7:9; gate Je 51:58; altar Ez 41:22; high things Jb 41:26 Ec 12:5. 2. exalted in station Ez 21:31; כִּי גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר וּגְבֹהִים עֲלֵיהֶם for high one above high one is watching, & the Most High over them Ec 5:7 so Ew Zö al., but Vrss De Now al. higher (earthly), potentates over them. 3. haughty ψ 138:6 Is 5:15; 10:33 1 S 2:3; גְּבַהּ־עֵינַיִם ψ 101:5; ג׳ לֵב Pr 16:5; ג׳ רוּהַ Ec 7:8. 4. n.[m.] loftiness, גְּבֹהַּ קוֹמָתוֹ 1 S 16:7; cf. גָּדוֹל 10, p. 153.

†גֹּ֫בַהּ S TWOT GK n.m. height—Jb 22:12 + 9 times; sf. גָּבְהוֹ 1 S 17:4 + 5 times; pl. cstr. גָּבְהֵי Jb 11:8;— 1. height, of buildings and trees Ez 1:18; 19:11; 31:10, 14; 40:42; 41:8 2 Ch 3:4 Am 2:9; prob. also Ez 43:13 (of altar), so G Ew Co for MT גַּב (q.v.); of man 1 S 17:4; heaven Jb 11:8; 22:12 (גבה cstr. SI⁶ of rock). 2. exaltation, grandeur Jb 40:10. 3. haughtiness, Je 48:29; גּ׳ אַף ψ 10:4; גּ׳־לִבּוֹ 2 Ch 32:26; גּ׳ רוּחַ Pr 16:18.

†גַּבְהוּת S TWOT GK n.f. haughtiness, Is 2:11, 17.

†יָגְבְּהָה S GK n.pr. (exalted? Ol ^{277 k. 4}) place in the tribe of Gad Nu 32:35 Ju 8:11;—Ḫirbet-Ajbêhât, NW. from ˓Ammân, Bd ¹⁸⁹.

(ה)גבול Jos 15:47 Kt read הַגָּדוֹל Vrss Codd. cf. v 12.

גבח TWOT (only in foll. derivatives found in P; cf. also NH גִּבֵּחַ, giant).

†גִּבֵּחַ S TWOT GK adj. having a bald forehead, ג׳ הוּא Lv 13:41 (P || קֵרֵחַ הוּא v 40).

†גַּבַּ֫חַת S TWOT GK n.f. bald forehead (NH id., Aramaic ܓܒܳܚܽܘܬܳܐ (gboḥuto)), only Lv 13—abs. Lv 13:42 (P; asson. בְּקָרַ֫חַת אוֹ בַגַּבַּ֫חַת); גַּבַּחְתּוֹ v 42, 43 (both P & || קָרַחְתּוֹ); in all, as place of appearance of an eruption; v 55 (P; || id.) = in its front, i.e. front of garment.

גֹּבַי S TWOT^, GK v. sub גבה.

גַּבַּי S GK, גַּבַּי סַלָּ֑י v. sub. גבב.

גֵּבִים S GK n.pr.loc. v. sub גוב.

גבל (according to Thes orig. twist, wind, whence not only גַּבְלֻת, מִגְבָּלֹת, but also גְּבוּל (cord and then) boundary, as determined by measuring cord, or line, whence vb. denom. גָּבַל bound, border, q.v. infr.; NH גָּבַל, Aramaic גְּבַל, mean mix, knead; Arabic جَبَلَ (jabala), Syriac ܓܒܰܠ (gbal) = create, fashion; MV assume meaning massive, whence Arabic جَبَل (jabal) mountain (cf. Assyrian gablu HA ⁴⁸), and גְּבוּל as originally earth-wall, etc., serving as boundary; this explains גַּבְלֻת etc. less well).

גְּבוּל S TWOT GK₂₄₀ n.m. Nu 34, 3 border, boundary, territory (NH id., Punic gubulim (pl., Plaut^{Poen. i. 9})—גְּבוּל Gn 10:19 + 168 times + Jos 15:47 Kt (but read Qr גָּדוֹל); גְּבֻל Nu 21:13 + 9 times; (both, in abs. & cstr., e.g. abs. Nu 22:36; 34:8, cstr. Gn 10:19 2 S 21:5); sf. גְּבוּלִי 1 Ch 4:10, גְּבוּלְךָ Ex 7:27, גְבֻלְךָ Ex 23:31 + 3 times, etc.; pl. (8 times) only sf. גְּבוּלֶיךָ Je 15:13; 17:3, etc.;— 1. border, boundary, a. of a land or people: Canaanites Gn 10:19 (J), Edom Nu 20:23 Jos 15:1, 21 (all P) cf. Ob 7, Amorites Nu 21:13 (E) Jos 13:4 (D) cf. 12:5 (D) Ju 1:36, Moab Nu 21:13, 15; 22:36 (E) 33:44 (P) Dt 2:18 Ju 11:18⁽⁾ 2 K 3:21 Is 15:8, Ammon Nu 21:24 (E) Dt 3:16 Jos 12:2; 13:10 (all D) Am 1:13, Bashan Jos 12:4 (D), Egypt 1 K 5:1 = 2 Ch 9:26, Is 19:19; especially of promised land Ex 23:31; 34:24 (JE) Nu 34:3 + 13 times Nu 34 (all P) Dt 11:24; 12:20; 16:4 Jos 1:4 (D), cf. Ez 45:1 + 10 times Ez 45–48; also of Israel 2 K 14:25 Am 6:2 Mal 1:5. b. boundary of smaller divisions, e.g. Geshurites Dt 3:14 Jos 12:5; 13:11 (all D), cf. Jos 16:2, 3 (J) 19:12 (P); especially of tribes of Israel Dt 3:16, 17 Jos 13:30 (all D) 13:16 + 60 times Jos 13–19 (P);—15:47 read גדול v. supr. Jos 22:25 (P) & 17:8; 18:11; 24:30 (JE), cf. 1 Ch 6:39, 51 2 Ch 11:13 Ez 48:1 + 15 times Ez 48 (incl. v 22⁽⁾ q. del. Co);—in 1 S 13:18 read for גְּבוּל, הַגֶּבַע G We Dr †c. boundary of territory belonging to an individual,—of field, piece of ground, etc. Gn 23:17 (P) Dt 19:14; 27:17, Jos 24:30 (E) = Ju 2:9 1 Ch 4:10 Pr 15:25; 22:28; 23:10 Ho 5:10. †d. border of stream Nu 22:36. †e. limit to waters of deep ψ 104:9 cf. Je 5:22. †f. a concrete object marking limit, (α) barrier in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 40:12 (del. G S Co) v 12; (β) border of altar Ez 43:13, 17, 20; (γ) surrounding wall of restored Zion Is 54:12 (so G Ew Kn Che; De Brd territory, Di undecided). † 2. territory (enclosed within boundary), a. of land or people Gn 47:21 (J) Ex 7:27 (P) 10:4, 14 (|| ארץ) v 19; 13:7 (all J), Nu 20:16, 17, 21; 21:22 (E; || ארץ) = Ju 11:20, Nu 21:23 (E) Dt 2:4; 19:3 (גּ׳ אַרְצְךָ) v 8; 28:40 Jos 18:5⁽⁾ (E) Ju 11:22; 19:29 2 S 21:5 1 K 1:3 2 K 10:32 1 Ch 21:12 (|| ארץ) ψ 105:31 ( = ארץ in || Ez 8:16, 17) v 33; 147:14 Je 31:17 Ez 11:10, 11 Jo 4:6 Zp 2:8. b. territory of a city (or limit of such territory) Nu 35:26, 27 Jos 13:26 Ju 1:18⁽⁾ Ez 47:16⁽⁾; 17⁽⁾ (del. G Co) 48:1 Am 6:2. †c. territory about Ezekiel’s temple Ez 43:12. †d. pl. in like sense (only use of pl.), of land Mi 5:5 Is 60:18 (|| ארץ) Je 15:13; 17:3, cf. city 1 S 5:6 2 K 15:16; 18:8; so Ez 27:4 of Tyre. †e. fig. territory (region) of darkness Jb 38:20; territory of wickedness Mal 1:4 (of Edom); territory of his holiness ψ 78:54 (of Canaan).

†[גְּבוּלָה S TWOT GK] n.f. border, boundary—sf. גְּבֻלָתוֹ Is 28:25; Pl. abs. גְּבֻלֹת Nu 32:33, גְּבֻלוֹת Jb 24:2; cstr. גְּבוּלוֹת ψ 74:17, גְּבוּלֹת Is 10:13, גְּבֻלֹת Dt 32:8; sf. גְּבוּלֹתֶיהָ Jos 18:20; 19:49, גְבֻלֹתֶיהָ Nu 34:2, 12; border, boundary of the earth (poet.) ψ 74:17; of peoples Is 10:13 Dt 32:8 (poem); of land of Canaan Nu 34:2, 12 (P) Jos 19:49 (JE); of a tribe Jos 18:20 (P); of territory about cities Nu 32:33 (P?); of a piece of ground Jb 24:2; of barley-field Is 28:25.

†גַּבְלֻת S TWOT GK n.f. twisting—שַׁרְשֹׁת גַּבְלֻת Ex 28:22, שַׁרְשְׁרֹת גּ׳ 39:15 (both P), cords of twisting, i.e. (well or tightly) twisted cords.

†מִגְבָּלֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. the twisted, i.e. cords, Ex 28:14 cf. Di (appos. שַׁרְשְׁרֹת זָהָב, || שׁ׳ הָעֲבֹתֹת).

†[גָּבַל S TWOT GK] vb.denom. bound, border—Qal Pf. גָּֽבְלוּ Dt 19:14; Impf. 3 ms. יִגְבּוֹל Jos 18:20, 3 fs. תִּגְבָּל־ Zc 9:2;—bound, border, c. acc. Jos 18:20 (P); c. בְּ border upon, adjoin Zc 9:2; trans. set bounds Dt 19:14 (c. acc. cogn.) Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. set bounds for, c. acc. וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֫ Ex 19:12; Imv. id. הַגְבֵּל v 23 (both JE), + Pt. מַגְבִּיל Ez 47:18 G S B Co.

†גְּבַל S GK n.pr.loc. maritime city on the Pheuician coast Ez 27:9; (Ph. גבל = Byblus (Sm Di Jos 13:5); in Assyrian Gubli COT); mod. Jebeil Bd ³⁵⁸; v. also Furrer ^{viii. 20}.

†גִּבְלִי S GK adj.gent. offoregoing, c.art. = n.coll. Jos 13:5 והארץ הַגִּבְלִי, but read גְּבוּל הַגּ׳, cf. Di. 1 K 5:32 הַגִּבְלִים (but prob. textual error Th reads וַיַּגְבִּלוּם and they bordered them, made a border for them (the stones); G ἔβαλαν, cf. also Klo).

†גְּבָל S GK n.pr.loc. (= Arabic جِبَال (jibāl), Γεβαληνη) mountainous region S. of Dead Sea, T Seir, cf. Jos ^; ; ψ 83:8 גבָל ועמון ועמלק;—mod. Jibâl; Seetzen ^{ii. 357} Burckh^{Travels 401} Rob ^{ii, 154}.

גבן TWOT (prob. be curved, contracted, coagulated; Syriac Pa. ܓܰܒܶܢ (gaben) coagulate; Arabic جَبُنَ (jabuna) is be timid, perhaps from shrinking, cowering).

†גִּבֵּן S TWOT GK adj. crook-backed, hump-backed (cf. Aramaic גְּבִין id., NH גַּבָּן highlander; also NH גבין, Aramaic גבינא, ܓܒܺܝܢܳܐ (gbino), all = brow (eyebrow, etc.); cf. Arabic جَبِينٌ (jabīnun) side of forehead), Lv 21:20.

†גְּבִינָה S TWOT GK n.f. curd, or chese (NH id., Arabic جُبْنٌ (jubnun), Ethiopic ግብነት (gəbnat) Aramaic גּוּבְנָא, ܓܽܘܒܢܳܐ (gubno) cf. ܓܒܶܬܳܐ (gbeto))—וְכַגְּבִינָה תַּקְפִּיאֵנִי Jb 10:10 (K גְּבִנָּה).

†[גַּבְנֹן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] peak, rounded summit; pl. גַּבְנֻנִּים: ψ 68:16 הַר־אֱלֹהִים הַר־בָּשָׁ֑ן הַר־ג׳ הַר־בָּשָֽׁן׃; הָרִים ג׳ v 17 (appos., Thes Dr ¹⁸⁸ al.; others adj. many-peaked). Cf. Wetzst^{Batan. Giebelgeb., 1884}.

גבע TWOT (convex, projecting, high; cf. Aramaic Pa. גַּבַּע swell, swell up, גְּבִיעַ hump-backed, גִּבְעֲתָא hill; v. also i. גִּבְעָה infr.)

†גֶּ֫בַע S GK n.pr.loc.—ג׳ abs. Jos 21:17 +; cstr. Ju 20:10 +; גָּ֑בַע Jos 18:24 +;—Levitical city, in Benjamin Jos 21:17 = 1 Ch 6:45 Jos 18:24 cf. 1 Ch 8:6, 1 K 15:22 Ne 11:31; also 1 S 13:16 & Ju 20:10, 33 MT, in all three read גִּבְעָה (גִּבְעַת), cf. context;—northernmost city in kingdom of Judah 2 K 23:8 from Geba to Beersheba, cf. Zc 14:10; situated S. of pass of Michmash Is 10:29 1 S 14:5 cf. 1 S 13:3; mentioned also 2 Ch 16:6 Ezr 2:26 Ne 7:30; 12:29; in 1 S 13:18 G We Dr read הַגֶּבַע for MT גְּבוּל q.v.; (2 S 5:25 read גבעון with G and 1 Ch 14:16).—Mod. Jeba˓ Rob ^{i. 440 f.} Bd ¹²⁰.

†גִּבְעָא S GK n.pr.m. a son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:49.

†I. גִּבְעָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. hill—abs. גִּבְעָה 2 S 2:25 + 13 times + Ez 6:13 (del. Co q.v.) 1 S 7:1 2 S 6:3, 4 (cf. Dr); cstr. גִּבְעַת Jos 5:3 + 8 times + 1 S 10:5 (cf. Dr); sf. גִּבְעָתִי Ez 34:26 (but del. Co), גִּבְעָתָהּ Is 31:4; pl. abs. גְּבָעוֹת Dt 12:2 + 35 times; cstr. גִּבְעוֹת Dt 33:15 Hb 3:6, גִּבְעֹת Gn 49:26; sf. גִּבְעוֹתֶיךָ Ez 35:8;—hill, height, elevation, both high and low, cf. ψ 148:9 ההרים וכל גבעות, 65:13;— 1. in ordinary prose, hill, lower than mountain Ex 17:9, 10 (E) 2 S 2:25; it may be n.pr. in 1 S 7:1; 10:10 2 S 6:3, 4 v. also sub ii. גִּבְעָה. 2. especially as place of illicit worship עַל כָּל־ג׳ גְּבֹהָה ותחת כל עץ רענן 1 K 14:23 2 K 17:10 Je 2:20; cf. Dt 12:2 2 K 16:4 2 Ch 28:4 (these two + במות); also Ho 4:13 Je 13:27; 17:2 Ez 6:13 (v. supr.). 3. very commonly || הר in poet. & proph. Dt 33:15 ψ 72:3; 114:4, 6; 148:9 Ct 2:8; 4:6 Is 2:2, 14; 30:17, 25; 31:4; 40:4, 12; 41:15; 42:15; 54:10; 55:12; 65:7 Je 3:23; 4:24; 16:16; 50:7 Ez 6:3; 34:6; 35:8; 36:4, 6 Ho 4:13; 10:8 Jo 4:18 Am 9:13 Mi 4:1; 6:1 Na 1:5 Hb 3:6; rarely in prose Dt 12:2; sometimes as rejoicing ψ 65:13, majestic (poet.) ג׳ עולם Gn 49:26 Dt 33:15 Hb 3:6 (‘everlasting hills’); cf. also Jb 15:7; high Pr 8:25 (with adj. high, cf. supr.) Je 49:16. 4. hills with special names, some nearly or quite = n.pr.loc., which see under the respective words: ג׳ הַמּוֹרֶה Ju 7:1 teacher’s hill, in valley of Jezreel; ג׳ הָעֲרָלוֹת Jos 5:3 hill of the fore-skins; ג׳ הָאֱלֹהִים 1 S 10:5 (a designation of Gibeah); ג׳ הַחֲכִילָה 1 S 23:19; 26:1, 3; ג׳ אַמָּה 2 S 2:24; ג׳ הַלְּבוֹנָה Ct 4:6 (i.e. hill where frankincense is grown); ג׳ גָּרֵ֑ב Je 31:39; ג׳ יְרוּשָׁלַם Is 10:32 cf. 31:4 (where || הַר־צִיּוֹן), Ez 34:26 (v. supr.) & הַגְּבָעוֹת Zp 1:10 hills on which Jerusalem stands.

ii. גִּבְעָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. (hill)—ג׳ Jos 15:57 +; (הַ)גִּבְעָ֫תָה Ju 20:4 + 5 times; גִּבְעַת Jos 18:28; cstr. גִּבְעַת 1 S 11:4 + 9 times; abs. always c. art. except Jos 15:57; 18:28 Ju 19:12; 20:31 1 S 10:26 2 Ch 13:2;—† 1. a city of Judah Jos 15:57 (perhaps one of two villages called Gabaa, Gabatha in Onom. v. Lag ^{246, 128; 2nd ed. 255, 160}). 2. city of Benj. Ju 19:14, 16 + 20 times Ju, 1 S 10:26; 14:2; 22:6; 26:1 2 S 23:29 = 1 Ch 11:31; also Ho 5:8; 9:9; 10:9⁽⁾ (cf. Ju 19:12 ff.) 2 Ch 13:2; perhaps also 1 S 7:1; 10:10 2 S 6:3, 4 read also (for גבע) 1 S 13:16 Ju 20:10, 33; = גִּבְעַת Jos 18:28; called also גִּבְעַת בִּנְיָמִין 1 S 13:2, 15; 14:16, & גִּבְעַת שָׁאוּל 1 S 11:4; 15:34 Is 10:29; 2 S 21:6 read prob. גִּבְעוֹן, G We Dr. † 3. a city of Ephraim, called גִּבְעַת פִּֽינְחָם Jos 24:33.

גִּבְעַת S GK n.pr.loc. (Ges ^{80, R. 2}) v. foregoing, 2.

†גִּבְעָתִי S GK adj.gent. of גִּבְעָה of Benjamin (?) 1 Ch 12:3.

†גָּבִיעַ S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 44:12 cup, bowl—ג׳ Gn 44:12 + 2 times; cstr. גְּבִיעַ Gn 44:2; sf. גְּבִיעִי Gn 44:2; pl. גְּבִיעִים Ex 25:34, גְּבִעִים v 33⁽⁾ + 4 times; sf. גְּבִיעֶיהָ Ex 25:31; 34:17;—cup (of Joseph) Gn 44:2, 12, 16, 17; pl. cups (of golden candlestick in tab.) Ex 25:31, 33⁽⁾, 34; 37:17, 19⁽⁾, 20; bowls Je 35:5 גְּבִעִים מלאים יין וכֹסוֹת.

†מִגְבָּעוֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. head-gear, turban, of common priest (conical or convex), Ex 28:40 Lv 8:13; מִגְבָּעֹת Ex 29:9; 39:28 (פַּאֲרֵי הַמּ׳).

†גִּבְעוֹן n.pr.loc.—ג׳ Jos 9:17 +; c. ה—ָ loc., גִּבְע֫וֹנָה 2 S 12 cf. 1 K 3:4;—Levitical city in tribe of Benjamin; formerly inhabited by Hivites Jos 9:17; 10:2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 41; 11:19; 18:25; 21:17 2 S 2:12, 13 (pool of Gibeon) v 16; 3:30; 20:8 Je 28:1; 41:12 (great waters which are in Gibeon) v 16 1 Ch 14:16; vid. especially יוֹשְׁבֵי ג׳, אַנְשֵׁי ג׳ Jos 9:3 (called Hivites 9:7) 10:1, 6; 11:19 Ne 3:7, so בְּנֵי ג׳ Ne 7:25 ( = בְּנֵי גִבָּר Ezr 2:20, v. גִּבָּר); cf. also as n.pr.m. 1 Ch 8:29 וּבְגִבְעוֹן יָֽשְׁבוּ אֲבִי גִבְעוֹן = 9:35; cf. מִדְבַּר ג׳ 2 S 2:24, עֵמֶק בְּג׳ Is 28:21; it was the site of a great Bamah 1 K 3:4, 5; 9:2, where was ‘the tabernacle of Yahweh in the high place’ according to 1 Ch 16:39, cf. 21:29 2 Ch 1:3, 13.

†גִּבְעֹנִי adj.gent.—always c. art. הַגִּבְעֹנִי Ne 3:7, הַגִּבְעוֹנִי 1 Ch 12:4, הַגִּבְעֹנִים 2 S 21:1, 2⁽⁾, 3, 4, 9.

†גִּבְעֹל S TWOT GK n.[m.] bud (Ol ^{216 b})—Ex 9:31 the flax was bud (i.e. in bud Dr ^{188. (2)}), cf. RS ^{xii. 299, 300}.

†גָּבַר S^, TWOT^, GK vb. be strong, mighty (NH id., Aramaic גְּבַר; Arabic جَبَرَ (jabara) (conj. I. dial.; usually in derived conj.) compel, force; جَبَرِيَّةٌ (jabariyyatun) overbearing behaviour, جَبْرٌ (jabrun) constraint; Ethiopic ገብረ (gabra) I, 1, subigere; II, 2, cogere; Syriac ܐܶܬܓܰܒܰܪ (˒etgabar) play the man, is denom. from ܓܒܰܪ (gbar) man)—Qal Pf. ג׳ ψ 103:11 + 5 times; גָּֽבְרוּ Gn 7:19 + 6 times; גָּבֵ֑רוּ 2 S 1:23; Impf. יִגְבַּר 1 S 2:9; וַיִּגְבְּרוּ Gn 7:18, 24;— 1. be strong, mighty, abs. גָּֽבְרוּ חַיִל mighty in power Jb 21:7; with מִן stronger than 2 S 1:23 ψ 65:4; with בְּ mighty among 1 Ch 5:2. 2. prevail:—a. abs. e.g. enemies Ex 17:11⁽⁾ (E) 1 S 2:9 La 1:16, waters Gn 7:18, 19, 20, 24 (P), power Je 9:2; b. with עַל prevail over, subj. enemies 2 S 11:23, blessings Gn 49:26 (J), mercy of God ψ 103:11; 117:2. Pi. Pf. גִּבַּרְתִּי Zc 10:6; sf. גִּבַּרְתִּים Zc 10:12; Impf. יְגַבֵּר Ec 10:10 make strong, strengthen. Hiph. Pf. הִגְבִּיר בְּרִית לְ confirm a covenant Dn 9:27; Impf. נַגְבִּיר לִלְשֹׁנֵנוּ we will confirm a covenant with our tongue Ew Ol Che (or, to our tongue will we give strength Hi De) ψ 12:5. Hithp. Impf. יִתְגַּבָּ֑ר Jb 15:25 Is 42:13; יִתְגַּבָּ֑רוּ Jb 36:9:—of י׳, shew himself a mighty one against (עַל) Is 42:13; of wicked, behave proudly toward (אֶל) Jb 15:25; of erring righteous (abs.) 36:9.

גְּבַר S TWOT v. following.

i. גֶּ֫בֶר S^{, ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} ₆₆ n.m. man (NH id., MI¹⁶ גברן (pl.), Aramaic גְּבַר, ܓܒܰܪ (gbar); Assyrian gabru, rival is Akkadian loanword according to Schr ^{1874, 200} Dl ^{120, . Chald. Gen. 286})—Dt 22:5 + 39 times; גָּ֑בֶר Jb 3:3 + 13 times; cstr. גְּבָּר ψ 18:26 ( = 2 S 22:26 גִּבּוֹר but G S read גֶּבֶר); pl. גְּבָרים Je 41:16 + 10 times;—man as strong, disting. from women, children, and non-combatants whom he is to defend, chiefly poetic Ex 10:11 Nu 24:3, 15 (E) Ex 12:37 Jos 7:14, 17, 18 (J) Dt 22:5⁽⁾ Ju 5:30 2 S 23:1 1 Ch 23:3; 24:4; 26:12 Jb 3:3 + 14 times Jb; ψ 18:26 + 8 times ψ; Pr 6:34 + 7 times Pr; Is 22:17 Je 17:5 + 8 times Je; La 3:1, 27, 35, 39 Dn 8:15 Mi 2:2 Hb 2:5 Zc 13:7; also 1 S 10:21 G We Dr; = each (of locusts) Jo 2:8, cf. אישׁ.

†ii. גֶּ֫בֶר S^{, ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. an official of Solomon 1 K 4:19 (cf. בֶּן־גֶּבֶר v 13, p. 122 supr.)

†גִּבָּר S GK n.pr. (Aramaic id. = hero) Ezr 2:20 prob. = גִּבְעוֹן Ne 7:25.

גּבּוֹר₁₅₉ adj. strong, mighty (cf. Arabic جَبَّارٌ (jabbārun) one who magnifies himself, behaves proudly, a tyrant, who is bold, audacious)—Gn 10:9 + 58 times; גִּבֹּר Gn 10:8 + 2 times; גִּבּוֹרָם 1 S 17:51; pl. גִּבּוֹרִים Je 46:9 + 27 times; גִּבֹּרִים Jos 10:2 + 21 times; cstr. גִּבּוֹרֵי 1 Ch 11:27 + 29 times; גִּבֹּרֵי 1 Ch 9:26 + 4 times; sf. גִּבּוֹרֶיךָ Ho 10:13 + (var. sfs. 11 times);— 1. adj. גִּבּוֹר בַּבְּהֵמָה mightiest among beasts Pr 30:30; אִישׁ גִּבּוֹר 1 S 14:52; גִּבּוֹר בָּאָרֶץ ψ 112:2; גִּבּוֹר צַיִד mighty in hunting Gn 10:9 (J); מלך גבור Dn 11:3; אֵל גִּבּוֹר the Messiah Is 9:5; attribute of God especially as fighting for his people ψ 24:8⁽⁾ Dt 10:17 Ne 9:32 Is 10:21 Je 32:18 (cf. Arabic الجَبَّارُ (˒l-jabbā˒ru)). 2. n.m. strong, valiant man Jos 10:2 (E) Gn 6:4; 10:8 (J) Ju 5:13, 23 1 S 2:4 + 16 times 1 K 1:8, 10 2 K 24:16 1 Ch 1:10 + 11 times Ezr 7:28 Jb 16:14 ψ 19:6; 33:16; 45:4; 52:3; 78:65; 89:20; 120:4; 127:4 Pr 16:32; 21:22 Ct 3:7⁽⁾; 4:4 Ec 9:11 Is 3:2; 13:3; 21:17; 42:13; 49:24, 25 Je 5:16 + 17 times Ez 32:12 + 5 times Ho 10:13 Jo 2:7; 4:9, 10, 11 Am 2:14, 16 Ob 9 Na 2:4 Zp 1:14; 3:17 Zc 9:13; 10:5, 7; cf. phrases גִּבּוֹר חיל mighty man of valour Ju 6:12; 11:1 1 S 9:1; 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1 (וְהָאִישׁ הָיָה גִּבּוֹר חַיִל מְצֹרָ֑ע so G al. GL ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἦν λεπρός, cf. also Klo’s dub. emend.), 1 Ch 12:28; 28:1 2 Ch 13:3; 17:16, 17; 25:6; 32:21; אישׁ גבור חיל Ru 2:1; גבורי החיל Jos 1:14 (D) 6:2; 10:7 (JE) 2 K 15:20; 24:14; אישׁ גבורי החיל Jos 8:3; גברי חיל 1 Ch 5:24 + 14 times Ne 11:14; גבורי חילים 1 Ch 7:5, 7, 11, 40; גבורי החילים 1 Ch 11:26; גברי כח ψ 103:20; גבורי מלחמה 2 Ch 13:3; גברי השׁערים 1 Ch 9:26; בית הגבורים Ne 3:16; הגבורים (ה)צָבָא 2 S 10:7 1 Ch 19:8; ראשׁי הגברים 1 Ch 11:10; גבורים לשׁתות valiant to drink Is 5:22.

†גְּבוּרָה S^, TWOT^, GK₆₁ n.f. strength, might—Ex 32:18 + 16 times; cstr. גְּבוּרַת ψ 147:10; sf. גְּבוּרָתוֹ + (sfs. 32 times); pl. גְּבוּרוֹת Jb 41:4 + 3 times; גְּבֻרוֹת ψ 71:16; גְּבוּרֹתֶיךָ Dt 3:24 + (sfs. 6 times);— 1. strength, cf. horse Jb 39:19 ψ 147:10, crocodile Jb 41:4, sun Ju 5:31, body of man ψ 90:10 Ec 9:16; 10:17. 2. might, valour, of warriors Ju 8:21 Pr 8:14 Is 3:25; 28:6; 30:15 Je 9:22; 23:10; 49:35; 51:30 Ez 32:29, 30 Mi 3:8; 7:16; קוֹל עֲנוֹת גְּבוּרָה noise of shouting in warlike strength Ex 32:18 (E); עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה 2 K 18:20 Is 11:2; 36:5; cf. phrases of compiler of Kings כֹּל גְּבוּרָתוֹ 1 K 15:23 2 K 10:34; 20:20; אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וּגְבוּרָתוֹ 1 K 16:5, 27; 22:46 2 K 13:8, 12; 14:15, 28; cf. also מַלְכוּתוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ 1 Ch 29:30, תָקְפּוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ Est 10:2. 3. might of God Jb 26:14 ψ 21:14; 54:3; 65:7; 66:7; 71:18; 80:3; 89:14; 106:8; 145:11 Is 33:13 Je 10:6; 16:21; cf. phrases כח וגבורה 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6, חכמה וג׳ Jb 12:13, משׁפט וג׳ Mi 3:8, הגדלה והג׳ 1 Ch 29:11; גְּבוּרוֹת mighty deeds of God Dt 3:24 ψ 20:7; 71:16; 106:2; 145:4, 12; 150:2 Is 63:15.

†גְּבִיר S TWOT GK n.m. lord, Gn 27:29, 37.

†גְּבִירָה S TWOT GK n.f. 1. lady, queen, 1 K 11:19; 2. queen-mother, 1 K 15:13 = 2 Ch 15:16; וַיְסִרֶהָ מִגּ׳ he removed her from (the position of) queenmother; cf. 2 K 10:13 Je 13:18; 29:2.

†גְּבֶ֫רֶת S TWOT GK n.f. 1. lady, queen, Is 47:5, 7. 2. mistress of servants, sf. גְּבִרְתִּי Gn 16:8; גְּבִרְתֵּךְ Gn 16:9; גְּבִרְתָּהּ Gn 16:4 2 K 5:3 ψ 123:2 Pr 30:23; (pl. גברת women MI¹⁶); גְּבִרְתָּהּ Is 24:2.

†גַּבְרִיאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (man of Ēl) an archangel Dn 8:16; 9:21 (cf. Lu 1:19).

גבשׁ TWOT (be firm, massive, cf. Assyrian gabâšu, be thick, massive, Zim ⁷⁶, & deriv.; cf. also Aramaic גַּבֵּשׁ Pa. heap up, Heb. גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית height, hill).

†גָּבִישׁ S TWOT GK n.m. crystal (cf. אֶלְגָּבִישׁ hail—on relation of meanings cf. Gk. κρύσταλλος, & Ethiopic usage of እብነ በረድ (˒əbna barad) Di^{Lex. Aeth. 759}—Arabic جِبْسٌ (jibsun) gypsum, Assyrian gibšu, mass, abundance, COT)—רָאמוֹת וְגָבִישׁ Jb 28:18 coral and crystal.

†מַגְבִּישׁ S GK n.pr.m. Ezr 2:30 בְּנֵי מ׳ G Μαγεβως, etc., a family of returning exiles, om. || Ne 7:33, but G A א Μαγεβως etc., GL Μαγβεις; cf. Sm ¹⁵.

גִּבְּתוֹן S GK v. sub גבב.

†גָּג S TWOT GK n.m. roof, top (NH id.; Di comp. Ethiopic ጋግ, ጋጋ (gāg, gāgā) vinculum (ferreum), jugo simil. collare ferreum; √ dub.; Thes proposes גגג; perhaps גגג ( = גנגן) cover Bö ²⁹² Sta ^{189 a} MV)—גָּג Jos 2:6 + 9 times + 1 S 9:26 Kt (Qr גָּ֫גָה), גָּ֫גָה Jos 2:6 1 S 9:26 Qr (Kt גג); cstr. Ju 9:51 + 2 times + Ez 40:13 (del. Co v. infr.); sf. גַּגֶּךָ֑ Dt 22:8, גַּגּוֹ Ex 30:3 + 2 times + Ez 40:13 (del. Co v. infr.); pl. גַּגּוֹת Is 37:27 + 5 times; sf. גַּגּוֹתֶיהָ Is 15:3, גַּגּוֹתֵיהֶם Je 32:29, גַּגֹּתֵיהֶם Je 19:13;— 1. roof (of house) Dt 22:8 Jos 2:6⁽⁾, 8 Ju 16:27 1 S 9:25, 26 2 S 11:2⁽⁾; 16:22 2 K 19:26 = Is 37:27, Ne 8:16 ψ 102:8; 129:6 Pr 21:9; 25:24 Is 15:3; 22:1 Je 48:38; as places of idolatrous worship (especially of heavenly bodies) Je 19:13; 32:29 Zp 1:5; so הַגָּג עֲלִיֵּת אָחָז 2 K 23:12, roof of tower Ju 9:51, over gate 2 S 18:24, of chamber Ez 40:13⁽⁾ (but G Co קיר). 2. top of altar of incense, in tabern. Ex 30:3; 37:26 (both P).

גַּד S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, , גָּד S^, TWOT GK, גִּדְגָּד S GK, גֻּדְגֹּדָה S GK v. sub גדד.

†[גָּדַד S TWOT GK^, ] vb. penetrate, cut (NH id., cut, cut out, Aramaic גְּדַד, ܓܰܕ (gad), Arabic جَدّ (jadd) cut, cut off; Ethiopic ገደደ (gadada) in deriv.)—Qal Impf. ψ 94:21 יָג֯וֹדּוּ עַל־נֶפֶשׁ צַדִּיק they attack (penetrate, make inroads upon) the life of a righteous man (Ol proposes יָגוּרוּ cf. 56:7; 59:4 where, however, Che יגודו; si vera l., perhaps denom. from גְּדוּד cf. Ho 6:9 & infr.; cf. also גוד & Kö ³⁵⁶). Hithpo. Impf. יִתְגֹּדַד Je 16:6; 2 fs. תִּתְגֹּדֲדִי Mi 4:14, תִּתְגּוֹדָ֑דִי Je 47:5; pl. וַיִּתְגֹּדְדוּ 1 K 18:28, יִתְגּוֹדָ֑דוּ Je 5:7 + Ho 7:14 v. infr., תִּתְגֹּדְדוּ Dt 14:1; Pt. pl. מִתְגֹּדְדִים Je 41:5;— 1. cut oneself, as religious (heathen) practice 1 K 18:28; practised also by men of Shechem, etc. in worship of י׳ (late) Je 41:5; for the dead, forbidden Dt 14:1 לֹא תִתְגֹּדְדוּ וְלֹא תָשִׂימוּ קָרְחָה בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם לָמֵת, Je 16:6; cf. 47:5 (subject Philistia personified); also for MT יִתְגּוֹרָר֖וּ Ho 7:14 Codd, they cut themselves, G Gr Che RVm, read We Now Marti Harper (cf. i, ii. גּוּר). 2. gather in troops, or bands; go in troops or throngs, throng; (denominative from גְּדוּד q.v.) cf. תִּתְגֹּדֲדִי בַת־גְּדוּד Mi 4:14 (addressed to Jerusalem); Je 5:7 read prob. יִתְגֹּרָ֑רוּ G Gie Du al. וּבֵית זוֹנָה יִתְגּ׳ and to a harlot’s house they throng.

i. גְּדוּד S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Gn 49:19 band, troop (as making inroads; others, as a division, detachment (as severed), but this usually later in Heb.)—ג׳ abs. 1 S 30:8 + 19 times; cstr. 2 Ch 25:9; pl. גְּדוּדִים 2 S 4:2 + 2 times; cstr. גְּדוּדֵי 2 K 6:23 + 6 times; sf. גְּדוּדָיו Jb 19:12; 25:3;— 1. marauding band (making incursions, inroads, cf. גדד) 1 S 30:8, 15⁽⁾, 23 cf. 1 Ch 12:22, also 2 Ch 22:1 1 K 11:24 2 K 5:2; 6:23; 13:20, 21; 24:2⁽⁾ cf. 2 S 22:30 = ψ 18:30, & Gn 49:19 (v. גַּד 30:11) Ho 6:9; 7:1 Je 18:22; שָׂרֵי גְּדוּדִים 2 S 4:2, cf. וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּרָאשֵׁי הַגְּדוּד 1 Ch 12:19; fig. of God’s attacking forces, his chastisements Jb 19:12 (cf. 25:3 infr.) 2. troop, of divisions of army of Isr. (late) גְּדוּדֵי צְבָא מִלְחָמָה 1 Ch 7:4, cf. 2 Ch 26:11; band of Israel, i.e. troop of mercenaries hired from Isr. by Amaziah 2 Ch 25:9, 10; בְּנֵי הַגְּדוּד i.e. soldiers of the band 2 Ch 25:13; of army in general כְּמֶלֶךְ בַּגְּדוּד Jb 29:25, in sim.; also Mi 4:14 בַּת־גְּדוּד of Zion. 3. foray, raid 2 S 3:22.

†ii. [גְּדוּד S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} , or גְּדוּדָה S TWOT GK] n.[m. or f.] furrow, cutting— 1. furrow, pl. defect. גְּדוּדֶ֑הָ ψ 65:11 (|| תְּלָמֶיהָ). 2. pl. גְּדֻדֹת, cuttings upon hands, cf. נדד Hithpo. 1. sign of mourning Je 48:37 (|| שׂק).

†i. גַּד S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, n.m. coriander (NH גִּיד, Aramaic גִּידָּא; connexion with above √ dub.; v. further Löw ¹⁵⁵)—זֶרַע גַּד Ex 16:31 Nu 11:7, sim. of manna.

†ii. [גַּד S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ] 1. n.[m.] fortune, good fortune (Arabic جَدٌّ (jaddun) id., Aramaic גַּדָּא, ܓܰܕܳܐ (gado))—Gn 30:11 כּגד Kt, i.e. בְּגָד (בָּא גָד֑ Qr), G ἐν τύχῃ, by or with good fortune. 2. n.pr.m. god of fortune (Arabic جَدّ (jadd) We ^{iii. 171}; גד named often in Ph. & Aramaic inscript., & found in Ph. & Aramaic n.pr., Bae ^{76 f.} Nö ^{1888, 479}; v. especially Siegf ^{1875, 356 ff.})—c. לְ + art. לַגַּד Is 65:11 cf. Che.

iii. גָּד S^, TWOT GK₇₁ n.pr.m. (fortunatus? perhaps der. from foreg. divine name Siegf ^{1875, 364} Sta ^{i. 148}; but v. also Bae ^{159 f.})—גּ֖דָ Gn 35:26 +, as well as גָּד֑ Gn 30:11 +;— 1. son of Jacob and Zilpah; a. strictly as personal name Gn 30:11; 35:26; 46:16 Ex 1:4 cf. Gn 49:19 1 Ch 2:2. b. as name of tribe Nu 1:14 Dt 27:13; 33:20⁽⁾ Jos 18:7 Ez 48:27, 28; cf. אֶרֶץ גָּד 1 S 13:7 v. also Je 49:1, שַׁעַר גָּד Ez 48:34, on הַנַּחַל הַגָּד 2 S 24:5 cf. We Dr; explicitly מַטֵּה גָּד Nu 1:25; 2:14; 13:15 Jos 13:24; 20:8; 21:7, 36 1 Ch 6:48, 65; once, צְבָא מַטֵּה בְנֵי־גָד Nu 10:20; בְּנֵי גָד (MI¹⁰ אש גד) Nu 1:24 + 12 times Nu; Jos 4:12 + 14 times Jos; 1 Ch 5:11; 12:14. † 2. a prophet in David’s time, called נָבִיא 1 S 22:5, but הַנָּבִיא חֹזֶה דָוִד 2 S 24:11 & חֹזֵה דָוִיד || 1 Ch 21:9, הַחֹזֶה 1 Ch 29:29 & חֹזֵה־הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Ch 29:25. מִגְדַּל־גַּד v. p. 154.

†i. גָּדִי S^, GK^, adj.gent. of גָּד 1, Gadite 2 S 23:36 (so perhaps also || 1 Ch 11:38 where MT הַגְרִי q.v.; cf. Th Be Dr); elsewhere as n.pr. coll.: so 1 Ch 5:18 (only here without art., read perhaps גָּד so G), Dt 3:12, 16; 4:43; 29:7 Jos 1:12; 12:6; 13:8; 22:1 2 K 10:33 1 Ch 5:26; 12:8, 37; 26:32.

†ii. גָּדִי S^, GK^, n.pr.m. father of Menahem 2 K 15:14, 17 (cf. גדו (? גדי) n.pr.m. Eut ²⁵; Palm. גדיא n.pr.m. Vog ³²).

גַּדָּה S GK in חֲצַר ג׳ v. sub חצר.

†גַּדִּי S GK n.pr.m. (my fortune) a man of Manasseh Nu 13:11.

†גַּדִּיאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (Ēl is my fortune) a man of Zebulun Nu 13:10.

גִּדְגָּד S GK, in חֹר הַגּ׳ v. following & sub חֹר.

†גֻּדְגֹּ֫דָה S GK c. art. הַגֻּדְגֹּ֫דָה n.pr.loc. (meaning dub.) station of Israel in wilderness Dt 10:7⁽⁾ (in || Nu 33:32 חֹר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד v. sub חֹר).

†מְגִדּוֹ S GK and (Zc 12:11) מְגִדּוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. (connexion with above √ not clear; G Μαγεδδω, Μεκεδω, Μαγεδω, etc.; B Mageddo; Assyrian Magadû, Magidû, COT Dl ²⁸⁷) old Canaanitish city, assigned to Manasseh 1 K 4:12; 9:15 2 K 9:27; 23:29, 30; מֶלֶךְ מ׳ Jos 12:21; ישְׁבֵי מ׳ Jos 17:11 = Ju 1:27; מֵי מ׳ Ju 5:19; בִּקְעַת מ׳ Zc 12:11 2 Ch 35:22;—mod. Lejjûn ( = legio) Rob ^{ii, 329 f. 364} Bd ²²⁹.

גדה TWOT (cut, cut or tear away?)

†[גָּדָה S^, TWOT GK] n.f. bank of river (cf. Arabic جُدَّةٌ, جِدَّةٌ (juddatun, jiddatun) id., Aramaic גּוּדָּא, wall), גְּדוֹתָיו Jos 3:15; 4:18 1 Ch 12:16 Is 8:7.

[גדיה] only pl. sf. 1 Ch 12:16 Kt, v. foregoing.

†גְּדִי S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 27, 9 kid (NH id., Arabic جَدْىٌ (jadyun) Ph. גדא, Aramaic גַּדְיָא, ܓܰܕܝܳܐ (gadyo); cf. Assyrian gadû, gadiia, Meissner ^{iv. 1889, 286} Zehnpfund ^{i. 505})—גְּדִי Gn 38:17 + 12 times (abs. Gn 38:23 +, & (generally) cstr. Gn 38:17 +); pl. גְּדָיִים 1 S 10:3, cstr. גְּדָיֵי Gn 27:9, 16;—kid, almost always ג׳ עִוִּים Gn 27:9, 16; 38:17, 20 Ju 6:19; 13:15, 19; 15:1 1 S 16:20; abs. Ex 23:19; 34:26 Dt 14:21 (all לא תבשׁל ג׳ בחלב אמו), & c. art. הַגּ׳ Gn 38:23 Ju 14:6; abs. pl. 1 S 10:3;—cf. also עֵין גֶּ֫דִי.

†[גְּדִיָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. only pl. kids sf. גְּדִיֹּתַיִךְ Ct 1:8 (|| הצאן).

†גָּדַל S TWOT GK₁₁₅ vb. grow up, become great (Aramaic גְּדַל (Ithpe.), ܓܕܰܠ (gdal) twist, twine, Arabic جَدَلَ (jadala) twist a cord, make firm, strong, become strong, so NH)—Qal Pf. ג׳ etc. Gn 38:14 + 14 times; sf. גְּדֵלַנִי Jb 31:18; Impf. יִגְדַּל etc. ψ 35:27 + 34 times;— 1. grow up, a. child Gn 21:8, 20; 25:27; 38:11, 14 Ex 2:10, 11 (JE) Ju 11:2; 13:24 Ru 1:13 1 S 2:21; 3:19 1 K 12:8, 10 ( = 2 Ch 10:8, 10) 2 K 4:18; גְּדֵלַנִי כְאָב he grew upo to me as to a father Jb 31:18; b. lamb 2 S 12:3. 2. become great, a. in extent, wealthy Gn 26:13⁽⁾; 41:40 (JE) Je 5:27; b. in value, בְּעֵינֵי י׳, גָּֽדְלָה נֶפֶשׁ בְּעֵיָנ֑י prized by 1 S 26:24⁽⁾; c. in intensity, grief Jb 2:13, mourning Zc 12:11, punishment La 4:6, trespass Ezr 9:6; d. in sound, loud cry Gn 19:13 (J); e. in importance, of a king Ec 2:9 1 K 10:23 ( = 2 Ch 9:22) Dn 8:9, 10 (under fig. of horn), chief Gn 24:35; 48:19 (J), Messiah Mi 5:3, Jerusalem Ez 16:7; f. of God 2 S 7:22 ψ 104:1, his works ψ 92:6, his power Nu 14:17 (J). 3. to be magnified, a. house of David Zc 12:7; b. Yahweh ψ 35:27; 40:17; 70:5 Mal 1:5, his name 2 S 7:26 ( = 1 Ch 17:24). Pi. Pf. גִּדַּל Jos 4:14 Est 3:1; גִּדֵּ֔ל Is 49:21; גִּדֵּ֑לָה Is 51:18, etc.; Impf. יְגַדֵּל Is 44:14 + 8 times; Imv. גַּדְּלוּ ψ 34:4; Inf. גַּדֵּל Nu 6:5 + 3 times; Pt. מְגַדְּלִים 2 K 10:6 (מְגַדְּלוֹת) Ct 5:13 G B Hi Bö De);— 1. cause to grow, e.g. hair Nu 6:5 (P), plants Jon 4:10 Is 44:14 Ez 31:4 Ct 5:13; bring up children 2 K 10:6 Is 1:2; 23:4; 49:21; 51:18 Dn 1:5 Ho 9:12. 2. make great, powerful Gn 12:2 (J) Jos 3:7; 4:14 (D) 1 K 1:37, 47 1 Ch 29:12, 25 2 Ch 1:1 Est 3:1; 5:11; 10:2. 3. magnify, a. man Jb 7:17; b. God ψ 34:4 w. ל, 69:31. Pu. Pt. pl. מְגֻדָּלִים brought up ψ 144:12. Hiph. Pf. הִגְדִּיל ψ 41:10 +, etc.; Impf. יַגְדִּיל Is 42:21 Dn 8:25, etc.; Inf. הַגְדִּיל 1 Ch 22:8 Am 8:5; Pt. מַגְדִּיל ψ 18:51 ( = מִגְדֹּיל in || 2 S 22:51); pl. מַגְדִּילִים ψ 35:26;— 1. make great, e.g. shekel Am 8:5, pile for fire Ez 24:9, joy Is 9:2, counsel Is 28:29, wisdom Ec 1:16, works Ec 2:4, house of Yahweh 1 Ch 22:5; the heel ψ 41:10 either lifted high (Ges), or (cf. De Now) gave me insidiously a great fall; cf. ג׳ פִּיךָ Ob 12 i.e. utter proud words (v. רחב Hiph.). 2. magnify, salvation ψ 18:51, so || 2 S 22:51 (Kt מַגְדִּיל; > Qr מִגְדֹּל). mercy Gn 19:19 (J), teaching Is 42:21, the word of Yahweh ψ 138:2. 3. do great things הִגְדִּיל לַעֲשׂוֹת, a. in a good sense, of God ψ 126:2, Jo 2:21, also pregn. without Inf. 1 S 12:24. b. in bad sense, of ‘the northern one’ Jo 2:20, also pregn. without Inf. La 1:9 Zp 2:8, 10 Dn 8:4, 8, 11, 25; with עַל, of enemies ψ 35:26; 38:17; 55:13 Jb 19:5 Je 48:26, 42; Ez 35:13 of speaking ג׳ עָלַי בְּפִיכֶם. c. also, with Inf. implied, wept greatly 1 S 20:41. Hithp. Pf. וְהִתְגַּדִּלְתִּ֫י Ez 38:23 I will magnify myself, shew myself great and powerful (of God); Impf. יִתְגַּדֵּל, with עַל in a bad sense, magnify oneself against Is 10:15 Dn 11:36; יִתְגַּדָּ֑ל Dn 11:37.

†גָּדֵל S TWOT GK pt.m. or adj.verbal. becoming great, growing up, Gn 26:13 (J) 1 S 2:26 (cf. Dr) 2 Ch 17:12; also great, pl. cstr. גִּדְלֵי בָשָׂר Ez 16:26 great of flesh.

†גֹּ֫דֶל S TWOT GK n.m. greatness—Dt 32:3 + 5 times; sf. גָּדְלוֹ Dt 5:21 + 5 times; גֻּדְלוֹ ψ 150:2;— 1. greatness, magnitude, tree Ez 31:7, arm of God ψ 79:11, mercy of God Nu 14:19. 2. magnificence, a. king Ez 31:2, 18; b. God Dt 3:24; 5:21; 9:26; 11:2; 32:3 ψ 150:2. 3. in a bad sense, גֹּדֶל לֵבָב = pride, insolence of heart Is 9:8; 10:12.

†גְּדִלִים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. twisted threads (NH גְּדִיל, Bab. gidlu, cord on which onions were strung, a string of onions, Zehnpfund ^{i. 511}; Aramaic גְּדִילָא, ܓܕܺܝܠܬܳܐ (gdilto) thread, cord, rope, also plaited locks, ܓܕܽܘܠܷܐ (gdule) id.)— 1. tassels Dt 22:12 on border of garment (|| צִיצִת Nu 15:38, 39). 2. festoons, on capitals of columns 1 K 7:17.

גָּדוֹל S TWOT GK^, ₅₂₂ adj. great—ג׳ Gn 4:13 + 279 times; גָּדֹל Dt 26:8 + 22 times; cstr. גְּדוֹל Ex 15:16 belongs rather sub גֹּ֫דֶל Ez 17:3, 7, גְּדֹל Ex 15:16 Je 32:19, גְּדָל־ Pr 19:19, גְּדָו֯ל־ ψ 145:8 Na 1:3; sf. גְּדוֹלָם Je 6:13 + 2 times; pl. גְּדוֹלִים Ex 7:4 + 11 times, גְּדֹלִים Gn 12:17 + 22 times; cstr. גְּדֹלֵי ψ 79:11 2 K 10:6; sf. גְּדֹלָיו 2 K 10:11 Jon 3:7; גְּדוֹלֶיהָ Na 3:10; f. גְּדוֹלָה Nu 22:18 + 96 times; גְּדֹלָה Gn 15:12 + 31 times; pl. גְּדוֹלֹת Ne 9:26; 12:31, גְּדֹלוֹת Dt 27:2 + 30 times, גְּדֹלֹת Nu 13:28 + 7 times;—great, 1. in magnitude and extent, e.g. sea Nu 34:6, river Gn 15:18, wilderness Dt 1:19, rain 1 K 18:45, mountain Zc 4:7, city Gn 10:12, house Je 52:13, altar Jos 22:10, throne 2 Ch 9:17, sea-monsters Gn 1:21, fish Jon 2:1, eagle Ez 17:3, terebinth 2 S 18:9, substance Gn 15:14, wealth Dn 11:2, victory 1 S 19:5; 1 S 19:22 בּוֹר הַגָּדוֹל read ב׳ הַגֹּרֶן according to G We Dr. 2. in number, e.g. nation Gn 12:2, congregation Je 31:8, camp 1 Ch 12:22, army Ez 17:17, sacrifice 2 K 10:19. slaughter Dt 28:59 1 S 4:17. 3. in intensity, fear Dt 4:34, weeping Is 38:3, power כֹחַ Ex 32:11, joy Jon 4:6, anger Dt 29:23, indignation Je 21:5, sin Gn 20:9, iniquity Gn 4:13, evil Gn 39:9, trespass Ez 9:7. 4. in sound, loud voice Gn 39:14, cry Ex 11:6, shout Jos 6:5. 5. in age, elder, eldest, son Gn 27:1, daughter Gn 29:16, brother Gn 10:21, sister Ez 16:46. 6. in importance, a. things †(הַ)דָּבָר (הַ)גָּדֹל an important thing or affair Ex 18:22 Dt 4:32 1 S 12:16 2 K 5:13; 8:13; יום יהוה Je 30:7 Ho 2:2 Jo 2:11; 3:4 Zp 1:14 Mal 3:23. b. of men, great, distinguished, Moses Ex 11:3, David 2 S 5:10, Job Jb 1:3, Mordecai Est 9:4, kings Ec 9:14 Je 27:7; especially of king of Assyrian הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל 2 K 18:19, 28 = Is 36:4, 13, = Assyrian šarru rabbu, šarru dannu, e.g. KB ^{i. 94, 1. 1}; הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל the h. p. Lv 21:10 + 20 times; (הָ)אִישׁ גָּדוֹל 1 S 25:2 2 S 19:33 2 K 5:1; אִשָּׁה גְדוֹלָה 2 K 4:8; †גָּדוֹל a great man 2 S 3:38 Mi 7:3; לֹא תֶהְדַּר פְּנֵי גָדוֹל thou shalt not honour (favour) the person of a great man (opp. דָּל) Lv 19:15 (H); †(הַ)גְּדוֹלִים the great 2 S 7:9 = 1 Ch 17:8 Ne 11:14 (vid. infr.) Pr 18:16; 25:6 Je 5:5 (2 K 10:11 GL ἀγχιστεύοντας, Klo גֹּאֲלָיו); further גְּדֹלֵי הָעִיר 2 K 10:6; (כָּל־)גְּדֹלָיו 2 K 10:11; Jon 3:7; כָּל־גְּדוֹלֶיהָ Na 3:10. c. †of God, himself 2 Ch 2:4 Ne 4:8; 8:6 ψ 86:10; 99:2; 135:5; 147:5 Is 12:6 Je 10:6; (הָ)אֵל (הַ)גָּדוֹל Dt 7:21; 10:17 Ne 1:5; 9:32 ψ 77:14; 95:3 Je 32:18 Dn 9:4; גדול מכל האלהים Ex 18:11; גדול ומהלל מאד 1 Ch 16:25 ψ 48:2; 96:4; 145:3; מלך גדול ψ 47:3; 95:3 Mal 1:14; †his works Dt 11:7 Ju 2:7 ψ 111:2, †glory ψ 21:6; 138:5, †name Jos 7:9 1 S 12:22 1 K 8:42 2 Ch 6:32 ψ 76:2; 99:3 Je 10:6; 44:26 Ez 36:23 Mal 1:11⁽⁾, mercy 1 K 3:6 2 Ch 1:8 ψ 57:11; 86:13; 108:5, goodness Ne 9:25, compassion Is 54:7. 7. in phrases †עוֹד הַיּוֹם גָּדוֹל it is yet high day (Fr. grand jour, Germ. hoch am Tage, the day is at its height) Gn 29:7; †כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדֹל (or reverse) as well small as great Dt 1:17 1 Ch 25:8; 26:13 2 Ch 31:15; †(לְ)מִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֹל (or reverse) from small to great Gn 19:11 1 S 5:9; 30:2, 19 2 K 23:2; 25:26 2 Ch 15:13; 34:30 Est 1:5, 20 Je 6:13; 8:10; 31:34; 42:1, 8; 44:12 Jon 3:5. 8. cstr. גְּדֹל (הַ)כְּנָפַיִם great of wings Ez 17:3, 7, so of anger Pr 19:19 (Qr); usually of God, in power Na 1:3, counsel, Je 32:19, mercy ψ 145:8. 9. as subst. concr. †עשׂה גדלות do great things, of God’s great acts of redemption and judgment Dt 10:21 Jb 5:9; 9:10; 37:5 ψ 71:19; 106:21; of the miracles of Elisha 2 K 8:4; of things too great and so presumptuous, haughty תבקשׁ ג׳ Je 45:5; מדברת ג׳ ψ 12:4; לא הלכתי בג׳ ψ 131:1 (cf. Biblical Aramaic Dn 7:8, 11, 20; also Rev 13:5). 10. †as subst. neut. greatness of arm Ex 15:16; cf. גָּבֹהַּ 4.

†גְּדוּלָּה S TWOT GK n.f. greatness—2 S 7:21 + 3 times; גְּדֻלָּה 1 Ch 29:11; cstr. גְּדֻלַּת Est 10:2; sf. גְּדוּלָּתוֹ Est 1:4; גְּדֻלָּתוֹ ψ 145:3; גְּדֻלָּתִי ψ 71:21; גְדֻלָּו֯תְךָ ψ 145:6; pl. intens. גְּדֻלּוֹת 1 Ch 17:19, 21;—chiefly late Heb. a. of Psalmist ψ 71:21, Mordecai Est 6:3; 10:2, king Est 1:4; b. of God’s greatness, as an attribute 1 Ch 29:11 ψ 145:3, 6, or of his acts 2 S 7:21 (cf. Dr) v 23 = 1 Ch 17:19⁽⁾, 21.

†הַגְּדוֹלִים S TWOT GK n.pr.m. father of Zabdiel Ne 11:14 (RV & so most; but G RVm al. the great).

†גִּדֵּל S GK n.pr.m. (very great)— 1. head of one of the families of Nethinim Ezr 2:47 Ne 7:49. 2. head of one of the families of Solomon’s servants Ezr 2:56 Ne 7:58.

†גְּדַלְיָה S GK n.pr.m. (Yah is great)— 1. governor of Judea appointed by Nebuchadnezzar Je 40:5, 8; 41:16. 2. son of Amariah, a son of Hezekiah Zp 1:1. 3. priest of the sons of Jeshua Ezr 10:18.

גְּדַלְיָ֫הוּ S GK n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is great)— 1. governor of Judea = גדליה 2 K 25:22–25 Je 39:14; 40:6–16; 41:1–18; 43:6 (24 times) 2. son of Pashur, one of the chiefs of Jerusalem in the time of Jeremiah Je 38:1. 3. one of the sons of Jeduthun, in the time of David 1 Ch 25:3, 9.

†גִּדַּ֫לְתִּי S GK n.pr.m. (I magnify (God)) son of Heman 1 Ch 25:4 (cf. on this remarkable list of names Ew ^274b We RS ^{422; 2nd ed. 143}) v 29.

†יִגְדַּלְיָ֫הוּ S GK n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is great) a prophet of the age of Josiah Je 35:4.

†מִגְדָּל S^{, ,} TWOT GK^, n.m. tower, Gn 11:5 + 11 times; cstr. מִגְדַּל Ju 8:17 + 21 times; pl. מִגְדָּלִים 2 Ch 26:9 + 6 times; מִגְדָּלֶיהָ ψ 48:13 Ez 26:4; pl.f. מִגְדָּלוֹת 2 Ch 32:5 + 2 times; cstr. מִגְדְּלוֹת Ct 5:13 (?); sf. מִגְדְּלֹתַיִךְEz 26:9; 27:11;— 1. tower Gn 11:4, 5 Ju 8:9; 9:51⁽⁾, 52⁽⁾ 2 K 9:17; 17:9; 18:8 1 Ch 27:25 2 Ch 14:6; 26:9, 10, 15; 27:4; 32:5 Ne 3:25, 26, 27 Is 2:15; 30:25; 33:18 Ez 26:4, 9; 27:11 ψ 48:13, watch-tower in vineyard Is 5:2; fig. of God as refuge ψ 61:4 Pr 18:10; beautiful neck like tower of David Ct 4:4; an ivory tower 7:5; breasts 8:10. (Cf. MI²² מגדלתה, Sab. (more precisely Liḥyân) מגדלנהן, Eut, v. DHM ^{4, 1.5}). Special towers mentioned on Lebanon Ct 7:5, Penuel Ju 8:17, Shechem Ju 9:46, 47, 49; and at Jerusalem, the tower of David Ct 4:4 (the arsenal), מֵאָה Ne 3:1, חֲנַנְאֵל Ne 3:1; 12:39⁽⁾ Je 31:38 Zc 14:10, תַּנּוּרִים Ne 3:11; 12:38 (tower of the furnaces). 2. elevated stage, pulpit of wood Ne 8:4. 3. raised bed || עֲרוּגָה Ct 5:13 (but G B Hi read מְגַדְּלוֹת).

†מִגְדַּל־אֵל S GK n.pr. (tower of God) stronghold in Naphtali Jos 19:38 prob. = Μαγδαλά Matt 15:39 = Mejdel in the plain of Gennesareth Rob ^{iii. 298} Bd ²⁵⁷.

†מִגְדַּל־גַּד S GK n.pr. (tower of Gad) stronghold in Judah Jos 15:37;—cf. Magdala, Lag ^{139, 12, 2nd ed. 171}; possibly Mejdel, eastward of Askalon, Guérin ^{Judée ii. 130 f.} cf. Bd ¹⁶².

†מִגְדַּל־עֵ֫דֶר S GK n.pr. (flock-tower) shepherd’s watch-tower near Bethlehem Gn 35:21 Mi 4:8.

†מִגְדּוֹל S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. tower, 2 S 22:51 Qr (Kt מגדיל = ψ 18:51 מַגְדִּל).

†מִגְדֹּל S GK n.pr. (מִגְדּוֹל only Je 46:14) fortified city on the NE. border of Egypt Ex 14:2 Nu 33:7 Je 44:1; 46:14 Ez 29:10; 30:6; Copt. meschtôl (Champoll.^{L’Égypte sous les Pharaons ii. 79}), Egyptian makƟel Eb ⁵²².