†[גָּרָה S TWOT GK] vb. only Pi. stir up strife, Hithp. engage in strife (cf. NH Pi. stir up, excite, against (בְּ) Hithp.; Aramaic Pa. גָּרֵא ܓܰܪܺܝ (gari); especially Assyrian garû, Qal attack, be at war with, gârû, gîrû, enemy, etc. Asrb.^{Annals iv. 49, 50} (KB^{ii. 190}) also SASmith ^{i. ii.} ; Arabic جَرَى (jarā) is run, especially of water, flow, etc.)—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְגָרֶה Pr 15:18; 28:25; 29:22, all c. obj. מָדוֹן excite, stir up, strife.—On גֵּרָה Dt 14:8 v. i. גֵּרָה sub גרר. Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. הִתְגָּרִית Je 50:24; Impf. 3 ms. יִתְגָּרֶה Dn 11:25, וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו v 10; 2 ms. תִּתְגָּרֶה 2 K 14:10 2 Ch 25:19; juss. apoc. תִּתְגָּר Dt 2:9, 19; 3 mpl. יִתְגָּרוּ Pr 28:4 Dn 11:10, cf. Dn 11:10 Kt., v. supr.; 2 mpl. תִּתְגָּרוּ Dt 2:5 (juss.); Imv. ms. הִתְגָּר Dt 2:24;— 1. excite oneself against (בְּ pers.), engage in strife with, lit. Dt 2:5, 19, Je 50:24, 2 K 14:10 = 2 Ch 25:19 (sq. בְּרָעָה;—רעה personif. as challenged opponent); also + acc. of manner, מִלְחָמָה Dt 2:9, 24; fig. וְשֹׁמְרֵי תוֹרָה יִתְגָּרוּ בָם Pr 28:4 while they that keep the law are at strife with them, i.e. with those that forsake it. 2. abs., excite oneself (against foe), wage war, only Dn 11; יִתְגָּרוּ וְאָֽסְפוּ הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים רַבִּים v 10 they shall wage war, etc.; וְיָשֹׁב וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו עַד־מָעֻזֹּה v 10 and he shall return and war, even to his stronghold; v 25 sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה + בְּחַיִל גָּדוֹל (instr.)

†גָּרוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. ψ 69:4 neck, throat (connexion with above √ dub.; Thes Rob-Ges. (cf. MV) from גרה in (assumed) sense of גרר of a dragging, scraping sound; cf. מְגֵרָה; yet √ perhaps גרן q.v.; Arabic جِرَانٌ (jirānun) (sub جَرَنَ (jarana) Frey &Lane) front part of neck of camel, etc.)—ג׳ Is 3:16; 58:1; sf. גְּרוֹנִי ψ 69:4; גְּרוֹנֵךְ Ez 16:11 + Je 2:25 Qr (Kt גורנך); גְּרוֹנָם ψ 115:7; 149:6, גְּרֹנָם ψ 5:10;—throat; 1. of the visible exterior (front) of throat, neck נְטֻו֯וֹת ג׳ Is 3:16 outstretched of neck ( = with outstretched neck); וְרָבִיד עַל־גְּרוֹנֵךְ Ez 41:19 and a chain upon thy neck. 2. throat, as capable of thirst Je 2:25; as organ of speech קְרָא בְגָרוֹן Is 58:1 (|| הָרֵם קוֹלֶ֑ךָ), לֹא יֶהְגּוּ בִּג׳ ψ 115:7; also רוֹמֲמוֹת אֵל בִּגְרוֹנָם ψ 149:6 high songs to God (be) in their throat; cf. נִחַר גְּרוֹנִי ψ 69:4 my throat is parched (|| יָגַעְתִּי בְקָרְאִי); so also קֶבֶר־פָּתוּחַ גְּרֹנָם ψ 5:10 their throat is an opened sepulchre.

†[תִּגְרָה S TWOT GK] n.f. contention, strife, hostility (cf. Aramaic תִּגְרָא, often T; v. Thes; תִּגְרָה NHWB & Fl in ChWB^{ii. 581})—only cstr. sg. מִתִּגְרַת יָֽדְךָ ψ 39:11 from (i.e. through) the hostility of thy hand I am consumed.

i. גֵּרָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, , ii. גֵּרָה v. sub גרר.

גֵּרוּת S^, TWOT^, GK^, v. sub I. גור.

†[גָּרַז S TWOT GK] vb. cut, cut off (Arabic جَرَزَ (jaraza) cut, cut off, exterminate)—Niph. Pf. נִגְרַזְתִּי ψ 31:23 = destroyed out of Yahweh’s sight.

†גַּרְזֶן S TWOT GK n.m. Is 10:15 axe (pick, pick-axe, 3 times in SI; on format. cf. Sta^{294 a} Ges ^{85, xi. 54})—Dt 19:5; 20:19 Is 10:15 1 K 6:7 (Co conj. also Ez 31:11).

†גִּרְזִי S GK Kt, גִּזְרִי (q.v.) Qr adj.gent. 1 S 27:8.

†גְּרִזִּים n.pr.loc. mt. in N. Israel, S. of Sichem (Nabulus), opp. Ebal (עֵיבָל), which was on N.; only הַר ג׳ Dt 11:29; 27:12 Jos 8:33 Ju 9:7; mod. Jebel eṭ-Ṭôr Rob ^{ii. 274 ff.} Bd ^{220, 222}.

גרטל TWOT (possibly quadrilit. √, whence foll. c. א prosthet. Cf. however infr.)

†[אֲגַרְטָל S TWOT GK] n.m. a kind of vessel, basin or basket (?; others basket-like, basket-shaped vessel); only pl. cstr. אֲגַרְטְלֵי זָהָב, & א׳ כֶסֶף, both Ezr 1:9, denoting vessels from temple at Jerus. restored by Cyrus. (Etym. & meaning dub. cf. supr.; A GL Codd. G ψυκτῆρες, wine-coolers; B om.; now commonly compared with Aramaic קַרְטָלִיתָא Levy NHWB^{iv. 376}, ܩܰܪܛܳܠܴܐ (qarṭolo), Arabic قِرْطَلَّةٌ, قِرْطَالَةٌ (qirṭallatun, qirṭālatun), supposed to be loan-word from Hellenist. Gk. κάρταλος, κάρταλλος (e.g. G 2 K 10:7, Heb. דּוּדִים), all = basket, fruit-basket, etc., canistrum (so MV BeRy SS); but κάρταλλος itself is possibly a Pers. or Shemit. loan-word; cf. especially Frä^{77 f.}; further conject. in Thes BeRy.)

גרל TWOT (cf. Arabic جَرَلٌ (jaralun), pl. أَجْرَالٌ (˒ajrālun) stones, or stony place planted with trees; جَرِلٌ (jarilun) stony; جَرْوَلٌ, جُرَوِلٌ (jarwalun, jurawilun) stony ground, stones; hence foll., because stones were used in casting lots; cf. Gk. Ψῆφος pebble, vote; κν́αμος bean, lot).

גּוֹרָל S^, TWOT GK^, ₇₇ n.m. Lv 16:8 & (†Jos 21:10, but v. infr.) f. lot, (NH id. & demon. Hiph. הִגְרִיל cast lots)—abs. ג׳ Jos 16:1 + 51 times; cstr. גּוֹרַל Jos 18:11 + 2 times, גֹּרַל Nu 36:3; sf. גּוֹרָלִי ψ 16:5, גֹּרָלִי Ju 1:3, גּוֹרָֽלְךָ Pr 1:14, גֹּרָֽלְךָ Dn 12:13, גּוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ Ju 1:3, גּוֹרָלֵךְ Je 13:25 Is 57:6, גּוֹרָלוֹ 1 Ch 26:14, גּוֹרָלָם Jos 18:11 + 2 times; pl. גּוֹרָלוֹת Jon 1:7 + 8 times, גֹּרָלוֹת Lv 16:8;—a lot cast for the decision of questions Pr 18:18, designation of persons, etc., for service or punishment, assignment of property, etc.; prob. stones put into the bosom-fold of a garment, Pr 16:33 (בַּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶת־הַגּ׳), or into a vessel, and shaken until one springs out (עָלָה, יָצָא, or—late—נָפַל); this was regarded originally as divine decision (cf. on Urim & Thummim p. 22, supr.); for the agent, the usual verbs are הִשְׁלִיךְ, יָרָה, נָתַן, and הִפִּיל. Particularly:— 1. lot for dividing land, especially that which Joshua cast at Shiloh לִפְנֵי י׳ Jos 18:6 (יָרָה) v 8, 10 (both הִשְׁלִיךְ; all three sq. לְ of pers. for whom; all JE); cf. 19:51 (P); so of lot coming up, or forth, עָלָה Jos 18:11 (cstr.; P), also sq. לְ pers. 19:10 (P), & foll. c. יָצָא 16:1 (JE), Nu 33:54 Jos 19:1, 17, 24, 32, 40; 21:4 (all P); be divided by lot יֵחָלֵק בְּג׳ Nu 26:55, or according to lot עַל־פִּי הַגּ׳ תֵּחָלֵק v 56; apportion by lot הִתְנַחֲלוּ בְּג׳ 33:54; 34:13, נִחַל בְּג׳ Jos 19:51; give by lot נָתַן בְּג׳ Nu 36:2 נָתַן בַּגּ׳ Jos 21:8 (all P) 1 Ch 6:50; have by lot הָיָה ל׳ בַּגּ׳ Jos 21:4, & (היה om.) v 5, 6 (all P) cf. 1 Ch 6:46, 48; also Jos 21:10 (P; הַגּ׳ רִאישֹׁנָה, only here f.; G;—not GL—om. ראישׁנה, & so) || 1 Ch 6:39; cf. further Is 34:17 (הִפִּיל לְ). 2. lot for assigning to service, duty or punishment, a. concerning the goats on day of atonement, Lv 16:8 (נָתַן עַל) v 8, 8 (sq. לְ); cf. v 9, 10 (עָלָה עַל; all P). b. assigning priests to their courses, singers, musicians & porters to their duties, by lot חָלַק בְּג׳ 1 Ch 24:5; הִפִּיל ג׳ v 31; 25:8; 26:13 (sq. לְ of position) v 14; of lot coming forth (יָצָא לְ pers.) 24:7 (cf. v 7, 18) 25:9 (cf. v 9–31) 26:14 cf. וַיֵּצֵא גּוֹרָלוֹ v 14. c. cast lots for dwelling in Jerus. (הִפִּיל ג׳) Ne 11:1 (sq. inf.) d. for supplying wood for altar-fire Ne 10:35 (הִפִּיל עַל); here belongs prob. also e. Ju 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּג׳, ref. to v 10 (determining who shall go up, and who supply provision) G ἀναβησόμεθα ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἐν κλήρῳ so Stu (insert perhaps נעלה), cf. AV RV, Bu ¹⁵¹ (who reads נַפִּילָה בְּג׳); > S Be Ke who ref. ג׳ here to division of land of captured city. f. to determine guilty persons Jon 1:7⁽⁾ (both הִפִּיל) v 7 (נָפַל עַל); so appar. Ez 24:6 of inhab. of Jerus. under fig. of flesh in pot לֹא־נָפַל עָלֶיהָ ג׳ no lot is fallen over it, i.e. no discrimination is made, destruction is to include the whole city; (cf. also Jos 7:14 ff. 1 S 14:41 ff. where divine agency in detection is prominent but word גּוֹרָל not used). g. in allotting slaves Jo 4:3 אֶל־עַמִּי יַדּוּ ג׳; Na 3:10 (יַדּוּ עַל); so Ob 11 וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם יַדּוּ ג׳,—all c. vb. ידד q.v. h. in distributing plundered garments ψ 22:19 (הִפִּיל על). i. to determine favourable day for a scheme, הִפִּיל Est 3:7 (לִפְנֵי הָמָן) 9:24 (sq. inf.; v. also פּוּר). 3. thing assigned, apportioned, allotted especially of land assigned by lot, allotment Jos 15:1; 17:1; 21:38 (all P), 17:14, 17 = portion, share (|| נַחֲלָה; JE); cf. גֹּרַל נַחֲלָתֵנוּ Nu 36:3 (P), גּוֹרַל נַחֲלָתָם Jos 14:2 (P; but perhaps read abs. גּוֹרָל cf. Di); also גְּבוּל גּוֹרָלָם 18:11 (P) the boundary of their allotment; עָרֵי גוֹרָלָם 21:20 (P); v. further Ju 1:3⁽⁾; so prob. Mi 2:5 הִשְׁלִיךְ חֶבֶל בְּג׳ (Hi Che; cf. also Ew); ψ 125:3, land, exposed to oppressive exaction; also fig. of י׳ as portion, allotment of his people ψ 16:5 (so Che, & on תָּמִיד for תּוֹמִיךְ cf. his crit. n.; v. also Ew; otherwise De al.;—|| מְנָת חֶלְקִי); on the other hand, of idols Is 57:6 (|| חֵלֶק); also עָמַד לְג׳ Dn 12:13, of allotted portion, share, in the Messianic consummation; more generally, one’s portion, lot, fortune גּוֹרָֽלְךָ תַּפִּיל בְּתוֹכֵנוּ Pr 1:14 cast thy fortune into the midst of us, in with us (|| כִּיס אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לְכֻלָּנוּ). 4. portion = recompence, retribution Is 17:14 (|| חֵלֶק), Je 13:25 (|| מְנָת מִדַּיִךְ), both implying divine agency.

†[גָּרֹל S^, TWOT^, GK] adj. גְּרָל־חֵמָה Pr 19:19 Kt; < Qr גְּדָל־ cf. Vrss, AV RV Now Str al.

I.[גָּרַם S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. cut off, hence reserve (?) (NH גָּרַם is shorten, occasion, bring about, to pass, Aramaic גְּרַם Pa. occasion, bring about, ܓܪܰܡ (gram) abscidit, decrevit, cf. Arabic جَرَمَ (jarama) cut off (fruit), shear (sheep);—on connexion of ideas v. Fl NHWB ^i.437) Qal Pf. 3 pl. לֹא גָֽרְמוּ לַבֹּקֶר Zp 3:3 they have reserved nothing for the morrow, in fig. of cruel judges (dub.: al. from ii. [גָּרַם], v. Kau Dr).

†גֶּ֫רֶם S TWOT GK n.[m.] bone, strength, self (?) (Arabic جِرْمٌ (jirmun) body, Aramaic גְּרַם, ܓܪܶܡ (grem) bone, self)—abs. גָּ֑רֶם Gn 49:14 + 2 times; cstr. גֶּרֶם 2 K 9:13; sf. גְּרָמָיו Jb 40:18;— 1. bone Pr 17:22 (coll.) 25:15; of behemoth (hippopot.) Jb 40:18 (|| עצם q.v.) 2. strength Gn 49:14 חֲמֹר גָּ֑רֶם strong ass (lit. bony, so VB). 3. self (cf. עצם), 2 K 9:13 גֶּרֶם הַמַּעֲלוֹת so Ges Ew Ke, but text dub., v. conjectures in Klo.

†II. [גָּרַם S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb.denom. break bones, break—Pi. Impf. וְעַצְמֹתֵיהֶם יְגָרֵם Nu 24:8 (JE); but also וְאֶת־חֲרָשֶׂיהָ תְּגָרֵ֖מִי Ez 23:34 (yet on text v. Co.)

†גַּרְמִי S GK adj.gent. c. art. 1 Ch 4:19.

גרן TWOT (√ of foll.;? cf. Arabic جَرَنَ (jarana), become accustomed, worn smooth (of skin, garment, etc.); also grind grain vehemently; vid. further جَرِينٌ (jarīnun) what one has ground, of grain; & place in which dates are dried = مَجْرَنٌ (majranun)).

†גֹּ֫רֶן S TWOT GK n.m. threshing-floor (cf. further vulg.Ar. جُرْنٌ (jurnun) stone basin, trough, mortar, etc. Dozy Lane, v. Moḥiṭ^{243 b, 7})—גֹּרֶן Gn 50:10 + 27 times (cstr. e.g. Gn 50:10, 11 2 S 6:6); גֹּֽרְנָֽה ׃ Mi 4:12; sf. גָּרְנִי Is 21:10; גָּרְנְךָ Dt 15:14; 16:13; pl. הַגְּרָנוֹת 1 S 23:1, הַגֳּרָנוֹת Jo 2:24; cstr. גָּרְנוֹת Ho 9:1—threshing-floor, (on form. v. Rob ^{i. 550} cf. Fl NHWB^{i. 437}) Gn 50:10, 11 (ג׳ האטד) Nu 18:27 (דָּגָן מן־הג׳) Dt 15:14; 16:13 Ju 6:37 Ru 3:2 (הוּא זֹרֶה ג׳ הַשְּׂעֹרִים) v 3, 6, 14 2 S 6:6; 24:16, 18, 21, 24 1 Ch 13:9; 21:15, 18, 21, 22, 28 2 Ch 3:1 Ho 9:1 (ג׳ דָּגָן) v 2 Mi 4:12 Jb 39:12 cf. Di; תְּרוּמַת ג׳ Nu 15:20; תְּבוּאַת ג׳ Nu 18:30; of these, three may be n.pr.loc.:—גֹּרֶן הָאָטָד Gn 50:10, 11; גֹּרֶן נָכוֹן 2 S 6:6 (cf. We Dr) = גֹּרֶן כִּידֹן 1 Ch 13:9; place of storing corn, etc. 1 S 23:1 2 K 6:27 Jo 2:24; open place at city-gate גֹּרֶן פֶּתַח שַׁעַר שֹׁמְרוֹן 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, where kings of Isr. & Jud. sat (but this peculiar & text dub.; G (in K) ἔνοπλοι; We om.; S Th Be בְּרֻדִּים, agreeing with בְּגָדִים preceding; yet this elsewhere in Heb. only of animals); in simile of daughter of Babylon, Je 51:33 (trodden smooth) cf. fig. of Israel בֶּן־גָּרְנִי (|| מְדֻשָׁתִי) Is 21:10; מֹץ … מִגּ׳ Ho 13:8.

גָּרֹן, גָּרוֹן S TWOT GK v. sub גרה.

גָּרַס S TWOT GK vb. v. sub גרשׂ.

†[גָּרַ] vb. diminish, restrain, withdraw (NH id., Aramaic גְּרַע, ܓܪܰܥ (gra˓) shave head, etc.; cf. جَرِعَ (jari˓a) swallow)—Qal Impf. יִגְרַע Jb 36:7, יִגְרָ֑ע Ex 21:10; 2 ms. תִּגְרַע Dt 13:1 + 3 times; אֶגְרַע Ez 5:11 (but cf. infr.), וָאֶגְרַע Ez 16:27; תִּגְרְעוּ Ex 5:8 + 2 times; Inf. לִגְרֹעַ Ex 3:14; Pt. גְּרוּעָה Is 15:2 (so Baer; v. d. H. גְּדוּעָה v. גדע), גְּרֻעָה Je 48:37;— 1. diminish, usually sq. מִן Ex 5:8, 19 (the tale of bricks), Dt 4:2; 13:1 (in both, word of י׳; opp. הוסיף) cf. Ec 3:14, and also Je 26:2 (c. acc.); c. acc. also Ex 21:10 (food etc.) cf. Ez 16:27; Pt. pass. diminished, clipped, of beard, Je 48:37 and Is 15:2 (so Baer, rightly, cf. his note and v. גדע). 2. restrain Jb 15:4 (c. acc. שִׂיחָה meditation, devotion), Jb 15:8 (c. acc. חָכְמָה, sq. אֵלֶיךָ, i.e. unto, for thyself, monopolize; De Di Da render draw unto thyself, appropriate; Schult. comp. Arabic swallow, cf. Ew saugst zu dir ein Weisheit). 3. withdraw Jb 36:7 (obj. עַיִן, eye, sq. מִן); Ez 5:11 absol. (si vera l.); Co. reads אֶתְגָּרֶה, for אֶגְרַע, on intern. grounds; others: withdraw (thy needs) Sm (cf. 16:27); withdraw (mine eye) Ges Ke. Niph. Pf. וְנִגְרַע consec. Lv 27:18; וְנִגְרְעָה Nu 36:3; Impf. יִגָּרַע Nu 27:4; 36:4, יִגָּרֵ֑עַ Nu 36:3; 1 pl. נִגָּרַע Nu 9:7; Pt. נִגְרָע Ex 5:11;— 1. be withdrawn c. מִן Nu 36:3⁽⁾, 4 (inheritance, נחלה); Nu 27:4 a name out of a family; Ex 5:11 (מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶם דָּבָר); impers. Lv 27:18 (abatement shall be made). 2. be restrained sq. inf. Nu 9:7. Pi. Impf. יְגָרַע Jb 36:27 withdraw = draw up c. acc. נִטְפֵי־מָ֑יִם cf. Di (on other hand, De al. draw down, let down).

†[מִגְרָעָה S TWOT GK] n.f. recess, rebatement (RV), i.e. ledge, only pl., נָתַן מִגְרָעוֹת לבית 1 K 6:6.

†[גָּרַף S TWOT GK] vb. sweep away (orig. shovel or scoop up, away, cf. NH id., Arabic جَرَفَ (jarafa); Aramaic גְּרַף ܓܪܰܦ (grap), Ethiopic in deriv.)—Qal pf. 3 ms. sf. גְּרָפָם (נַחַל קִישׁוֹן) Ju 5:21.

†אֶגְרֹף S TWOT GK n.[m.] fist (G πνγμή, so B; but T club, staff(?), & so SS, cf. especially Ex 21:18;—NH אֶגְרוֹף)—וִהִכָּה אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹ֑ף Ex 21:18; (cstr.) לְהַכּוֹת בְּאֶגְרֹף רֶ֑שַׁע Is 58:4.

†[מֶגְרָפָה S TWOT GK] n.f. shovel (NH id.; Aramaic מַגְרוֹפִיתָא; Arabic مَجْرَفَةٌ (majrafatun) (v. Lane)) only pl. מֶגְרְפֹתֵיהֶם Jo 1:17 (Thes clods, after Jewish interpreters, so AV RV, cf. however Me ^{Joel 100 f.}; G Me ארותיהם their cribs, of cattle; meaning of clause dubious).

†[גָּרַר S TWOT GK] vb. drag, drag away (NH id., Arabic جَرَّ (jarra), Aramaic גְּרַר, ܓܰܪ (gar); Assyrian garâru, run, Zim ¹⁰²; etc.)—Qal Impf. sf. יְגֹרֵהוּ Hb 1:15, יְגוֹרֵם Pr 21:7—drag away, fishes in net, fig. Hb 1:15 (Chaldeans, their opponents); violence, the wicked Pr 21:7. Niph. (read Qal? Sam. יָגוֹר cf. Di) Impf. יִגָּ֑ר Lv 11:7 c. acc. cogn. גֵּרָה לֹא־יִגָּ֑ר = (the) cud he cheweth not, cf. also Dt 14:8 Sam. G (Di) Po˓al. Pt. (denom.; so NH Qal & Niph.) מְגֹרָרוֹת בַּמְּגֵרָה 1 K 7:9 sawn with the saw. Hithpo. סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵ֑ר Je 30:23 a (sweeping) roaring whirlwind (|| 23:19 has מִתְחוֹלֵל). On יִתְגּוֹרָרוּ Ho 7:14, v. I. גור, גדד.

†i. גֵּרָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. cud (Arabic جِرَّةٌ (jirratun), so called from sound of rumination?)—גֵּרָה Lv 11:3 + 10 times—cud, only in legislation of clean and unclean animals, and almost always c. (י—ֵ, ת—ַ, ה—ָ) מַעֲלֵה Lv 11:3, 4⁽⁾, 5, 6, 26 (P) Dt 14:6, 7⁽⁾; ג׳ יִגָּ֑ר (cf. גרר Niph.) Lv 11:7; Dt 14:8 has גֵּרָה without vb., but read there as Lv 11:7 (so Sam. G Di).

†ii. גֵּרָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. a weight, 20th part of shekel, gerah (Assyrian girû, Zehnpfund ^{i. 506})—גֵּרָה Ex 30:13 + 4 times—Only in definition of שֶׁקֶל, c. num. עֶשְׂרִים Ex 30:13 Lv 27:25 Nu 3:47; 18:16 Ez 45:12.

†[גַּרְגַּר S TWOT GK] n.m. berry (NH id.), גַּרְגְּרִים בְּרֹאשׁ אָמִ֑יר Is 17:6.

†גַּרְגְּרוֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. neck (on format. cf. Ba ²⁰⁴)—גַּרְגְּרֹתֶ֑יךָ Pr 1:9; 3:22, גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶיךָ Pr 3:3, גַּרְגְּרֹתֶ֑ךָ 6:21—always in fig., instruction of parents an ornament, a chain upon neck Pr 1:9, bind them upon thy neck 6:21; so of mercy & truth 3:3, cf. v 22.

†מְגֵרָה S TWOT GK n.f. saw (NH id., perhaps from its harsh dragging sound)—מְגֵרָה 2 S 12:31 a + 2 times; pl. מְגֵרוֹת 1 Ch 20:3 (< מַגְזְרוֹת 2 S 12:31 b)—saw, used in cutting stone מְגֹרָרוֹת בַּמְּגֵרָה 1 K 7:9; used in torture (or as tools for enforced labour) of captives 2 S 12:31 a 1 Ch 20:3a.

†גְּרָר S GK n.pr.loc. south of Gaza, usually identif. with mod. Umm Jerâr Bd ¹⁵⁹ Guérin^{Judée ii. 257 ff.}; but Wady Jerūr W. of ˓Ain Ḳadīs according to Trumbull^{Kadesh Barnea 61 ff.} cf. Guthe ^{viii. 1885, 215}; Gn 20:2; 26:6, 20, 26 2 Ch 14:12, 13; גְּרָ֫רָה Gn 10:19; 26:1; נַ֫חַל גְּרָר Gn 26:17; וַיָּגָר בִּגְרָר Gn 20:1.

גרשׂ (Arabic جَرَشَ (jaraša) bray, pound, grind coarse, Aramaic גְּרַס (rare) chush, ܓܪܺܝܣ (gris) crushed, ܓܰܪܶܣ (gares) crush, destroy; cf. following).

†[גָּרַס S TWOT GK] vb. be crushed (Aramaic ܓܪܶܣ (gres) [be crushed,] perish)—Qal Pf. 3 fs. גָּֽרְסָה ψ 119:20 fig. ג׳ נַפְשִׁי לְ my soul is crushed (i.e. perisheth: cf. Syriac) with longing for (cf. כָּלָה לְ). Hiph. Impf. וַיַּגְּרֵס בֶּחָצָץ שִׁנָּ֑י La 3:16 and he hath crushed my teeth with gravel, fig. of divine chastisement.

†גֶּ֫רֶשׂ S TWOT GK n.[m.] a crushing, but only concrete of that which is crushed, groats, grits (cf. Arabic جَرِيشٌ (jarīšun), NH גְּרִיס, Aramaic (rare) גִּרְשָׂא, גְּרוּסְיָא, ܓܳܪܣܳܐ (gorso))—אָבִיב קָלוּי בָּאֵשׁ גֶּרֶשׂ כַּרְמֶל Lv 2:14 young ears parched with fire, groats (&) fresh fruit (v. Sifra ad loc.); (וּמִשַּׁמְנָהּ) מִגִּרְשָׂה Lv 2:16.

†[גָּרַשׁ S TWOT GK^, ] vb. drive out, cast out (NH id., Aramaic גְּרַשׁ Pa. Ithp. of divorce, MI¹⁹ ויגרשה)—Qal Impf. וַיִּגְרְשׁוּ Is 57:20; Inf. sf. מִגְרָשָׁהּ Ez 36:5 infr.; Pt. act. גֹּרֵשׁ Ex 34:11; pass. f. גְּרוּשָׁה Lv 21:7 + 4 times;—cast out, thrust out, י׳, the Amorites Ex 34:11 (JE; c. מִפְּנֵי); waters, mire and dirt רֶפֶשׁ וָטִיט Is 57:20; pass. only of divorced woman Lv 21:7 (sq. מֵאִישָׁהּ; elsewhere with אַלְמָנָה widow), v 14 22:13 (all H), Nu 30:10 (P) Ez 44:22. On מִגְרָשָׁהּ Ez 36:5 as Aramaic Inf. cf. Ges ^{45 e} Kö^{f. 166}; Co del., on intern. grounds, cf. G. Niph. Pf. נִגְרָ֑שׁ Is 57:20; 3 fs. וְנִגְרְשָׁה consec. Am. 8:8; נִגְרַשְׁתִּי Jon 2:5;—be driven away, sq. מִנֶּגֶד עֵינֶיךָ, i.e. from the presence of Yahweh Jon 2:5; be driven, tossed, as the Nile Am 8:8; of the sea Is 57:20 rel. cl., אֲשֶׁר om., like the sea that is tossed. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. וְגֵרְשָׁה consec. Ex 23:28; גֵּרַשְׁתָּ Gn 4:14, sf. 3 mpl. וְגֵרַשְׁתָּמוֹ consec. Ex 23:31; וְגֵרַשְׁתִּ֫י Ex 33:2, sf. גֵרַשְׁתִּיהוּ Ez 31:11 (so T B, not G; cf. Co’s conj.); וְגֵּרַשְׁתִּיו consec. Nu 22:11; 3 pl. sf. גֵּרְשׁוּנִי 1 S 26:19 Impf. יְגָרֵשׁ Ex 11:1, וַיְגָ֫רֶשׁ Gn 3:24 + 6 times; sf. וַיְגָרֲשֵׁהוּ ψ 34:1, יֳגָֽרֲשֵׁם Ex 6:1; 2 ms. תְּגָרֵשׁ ψ 80:9, וַתְּגָ֫רֶשׁ Jos 24:12; אֲגָרֵשׁ Ju 2:3, וָֽאֲגָרֵשׁ Ju 6:9; sf. 3 ms. אֲגָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ Ex 23:29, 30 Nu 22:6; אֲגָֽרֲשֵׁם Ho 9:15; וַיְגָֽרֲשׁוּ Ju 11:2; יְגָֽרֲשׁוּהָ Zp 2:4, וַיְגָֽרֲשׁוּם Ex 2:17; 2 mpl. תְּגָֽרֲשׁוּן Mi 2:9, וַתְּגָֽרֲשׁוּנִי Ju 11:7; Inf. cstr. לְגָרֵשׁ 1 Ch 17:21 + || 2 S 7:23 Gei We Dr, for MT לארצך; לְגָֽרֲשֵׁנוּ 2 Ch 20:11; abs. id. Ex 11:1; Imv. גָּרֵשׁ Gn 21:10 Pr 22:10;—drive out, away, Hex all JE, incl. poem Dt 33; (י׳ subj.), Adam from garden Gn 3:24 cf. Cain Gn 4:14 (sq. מִן loc., & so 21 times), David (men subj.) 1 S 26:19, id. (Abimelech subj.) ψ 34:1 (title), Hagar (Abr. subj.) Gn 21:10 cf. scorner, Pr 22:10 daughters of Reuel (subj. shepherds) Ex 2:17; Moses and Aaron from Pharaoh’s presence (indef. subj.) Ex 10:11; Gaal etc. (subj. Zebul) Ju 9:41 (sq. מִן c. Inf.), Jephthah (Gil. subj.) Ju 11:2, 7; Abiathar (subj. Sol.) 1 K 2:27 (sq. מִן c. Inf.) wicked from temple (י׳ subj.) Ho 9:15; women from houses (nobles subj.) Mi 2:9; often of Canaanites (hornet subj.) Ex 23:28 Jos 24:12 cf. Ex 23:31 (Israel subj.); also (י׳ subj.; cf. MI¹⁹) Ex 23:29, 30; 33:2 Dt 33:27 Jos 24:18 Ju 2:3; 6:9 ψ 78:55; 80:9 1 Ch 17:21; of Israel from Egypt (subj. Pharaoh) Ex 6:1; 11:1⁽⁾; from land of Moab (subj. Balak) Nu 22:6, 11; Judah from Canaan (subj. Moab & Ammon) 2 Ch 20:11; Egypt from her land (י׳ subj.) Ez 31:11 (but cf. text, supr.); Ashdod (indef. subj.) Zp 2:4. †Pu. Pf. גֹּרְשׁוּ subj. Israelites Ex 12:39; Impf. יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ subj. despised and miserable outcasts Jb 30:5 both sq. מִן loc.

†[גֶּ֫רֶשׁ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] thing thrust or put forth, yield; cstr. גֶּרֶשׁ יְרָחִים Dt 33:14 yield, produce of moons || תְּבוּאֹת שָׁ֑מֶשׁ; i.e. produce in its seasons, cf. Di.

†[גְּרוּשָׁה S TWOT GK] n.f. expulsion, violence. Only pl. sf. גְּרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם Ez 45:9 your acts of expulsion (cf. Ew Da; ‘Raubereien’ Sm Co).

†גֵּרְשֹׁם S GK n.pr.m. 1. son of Moses & Ṣipporah Ex 2:22 (expl. as if from גור) = 18:3; גֵּרְשׁוֹם 1 Ch 23:15, 16; 26:24; so also גֵּרְשֹׁם Ju 18:30 MT בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה cf. VB 2. a son of Levi גֵּרְשֹׁם 1 Ch 6:1, 28; 15:7 (cf. גֵּרְשׁוֹן); גֵּרְשׁוֹם 1 Ch 6:2, 5, 47, 56. 3. a son of Phinehas Ezr 8:2.

†גֵּרְשׁוֹן S GK n.pr.m. son of Levi ( = גרשׁם 1 Ch 6:1, 28; 15:7 גרשׁום 1 Ch 6:2, 5, 47, 56) Gn 46:11 Ex 6:16, 17 Nu 3:17, 18, 21, 25; 4:22, 38, 41; 7:7; 10:17; 26:57; Jos 21:6, 27 1 Ch 5:27; 23:6 (particularly in expression sons of Gershon, i.e. family, descendants of Gershon Nu 3:25; 4:22, 38, 41; 7:7; 10:17 Jos 21:6, 27; cf. sons of Gershom 1 Ch 6:47, 56; 15:7).

†גֵּרְשֻׁנִּי S GK adj.gent. c. art. as subst. collect. Nu 3:21, 23, 24; 4:24, 27, 28; 26:57 Jos 21:33 1 Ch 23:7; 26:21 2 Ch 29:12; c. art. as adj. sing. m. 1 Ch 26:21; 29:8.

מִגְרָשׁ S TWOT GK n.m. Nu 35:2 common, common-land, open land (perhaps orig. pasture-land, as place of [cattle] driving)—abs. מ׳ Ez 45:2 + 2 times + Ez 48:15 (Co מגרשָׁהּ); cstr. מִגְרַשׁ Lv 25:34 2 Ch 31:19; (on מִגְרָשָׁהּ Ez 36:5 cf. גרשׁ); elsewhere pl., abs. מִגְרשׁוֹת Ez 27:28 (Baer); Co מרעשׁת assumed from רָעַשׁ, cf. G; cstr. מִגְרְשֵׁי Nu 35:4 + 2 times; sf. מִגְרָשֶׁיהָ Jos 21:13⁽⁾ + 42 times; מִגְרָשֶׁהָ Jos 21:11 + 46 times in Jos 21 (generally –֑ or –֔ but also –֖ v 21); מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶם Nu 35:3 + 4 times; מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶן Nu 35:7 + 8 times—commonland, usually pl., and usually as attached to a city or town, especially as surrounding Levitical cities Nu 35:2, 3, 4, 5, 7 Jos 14:4; 21:2 + 55 times Jos 21 (all P; in Codd. & old Vrss. are two vv Jos 21, betw. v 35, 36, with מ׳ 4 times; om. Mass, Edd., Baer, but cf. Theile, & Di ad loc.); 1 Ch 6:40 + 40 times 1 Ch 6; 13:2 2 Ch 11:14; so also שְׂדֵה מ׳ Lv 25:34 (P), שְׂדֵי מ׳ 2 Ch 31:19; lands surrounding the holy city Ez 48:15, 17; open land or space about the temple Ez 45:2; only 1 Ch 5:16 כל־מִגְרְשֵׁי שָׁרוֹן of (pasture-)lands in a district, cf. שׁרון.—Ez 27:28 מגרשׁות, if true text, = open country about Tyre (opp. sea, cf. context), but v. Da & cf. supr.

גֹּרֹתָיו v. גּוֹר sub II. גור.

גשׁם (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic جَسُمَ (jasuma) be bulky, massive, جِسْمٌ (jismun) body, Syriac ܓܽܘܫܡܳܐ (gušmo) id.)

†i. גֶּ֫שֶׁם S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. an opponent of Nehemiah Ne 2:19; 6:1 (in both called הָעַרְבִּי); v 2; also גַּשְׁמוּ 6:6; וּ as in Nab. n.pr. cf. Nö in Eut ⁷³.

†ii. גֶּ֫שֶׁם S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Gn 7:12 rain, shower (NH id., conn. wi. above √ dub.)—abs. ג׳ Gn 7:12 +; גָּ֑שֶׁם 1 K 18:41 +; cstr. גֶּשֶׁם Jb 37:6⁽⁾ +; pl. גְּשָׁמִים Ezr 10:9, 13; cstr. גִּשְׁמֵי Ez 34:26; sf. גִּשְׁמֵיכֶם Lv 26:4; גִּשְׁמֵיהֶם ψ 105:32;—rain, shower Gn 7:12; 8:2 (both J) Lv 26:4 (H) Ho 6:3 Am 4:7 Je 5:24; 14:4 Is 44:14; 55:10 Ez 1:28 Jo 2:23 (|| מוֹרֶה, מַלְקוֹשׁ); 1 K 17:7, 14; 18:45 (ג׳ גדול) 2 K 3:17 Pr 25:14, 23 Ec 11:3 Ct 2:11 ψ 105:32 וּמֵהַגּ׳ Ezr 10:9 and because of the rains, cf. v 13; קוֹל הֲמוֹן הַגּ׳ 1 K 18:41 cf. v 44 Zc 14:17 Ec 12:2; גֶּשֶׁם מָטָ֑ר וְג׳ מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ Jb 37:6; מְטַר־גֶּשֶׁם Zc 10:1; cf. ג׳ נְדָבוֹת ψ 68:10; fig. of blessing Ez 34:26, ג׳ בְּרָכָה v 26; of destruction ג׳ שֹׁטֵף Ez 13:11, 13 cf. 38:22.

†[גשׁם] vb.denom. (cf. NH Qal Pt. pass. & Hoph.)—Pu. Pf. 3 fs. גֻּשְׁמָ֯ה Ez 22:24 be rained upon (גֻּשְׁמָהּ Baer, but v. Ke Sm). Hiph. cause or send rain, Pt. מַגְשִׁמִים Je 14:22.

†[גֹּ֫שֶׁם S TWOT GK] n.[m.] גֻּשְֿׁמָהּ Ez 22:24 (or גִּשְׁמָהּ from גֶּשֶׁם?) according to punct.; but cf. sub גשׁם vb.

גַּשְׁמוּ S GK n.pr., v. i. גֶּשֶׁם.

†גֹּ֫שֶׁן S TWOT GK n.pr.loc. (on etym. cf. Di Gn 45:10)— 1. district in Egypt E. of lower Nile, v. Eb ^{500 ff.}; Naville^{Goshen, 1887}, who reads hierogl. Kesem, but cf. Groff ^{xiv. 527} (G Γεσεμ (Ἀραβιας))—אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן Gn 45:10 (JE) 46:34; 47:1, 4, 6, 27; 50:8 Ex 8:18; 9:26 (all J); אַ֫רְצָה גֹּשֶׁן Gn 46:28 (J); גֹּ֑שְׁנָה v 28, 29 (both J), in both G καθʼ Ἡρώων πόλιν cf. Di (P has land רעמסס 47:11 etc., cf. Di Gn 45:10). 2. ארץ הַגֹּשֶׁן Jos 11:16 (D), אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן Jos 10:41 (D), גֹּשֶׁן Jos 15:51 (P) (G in all Γοσομ) a city named with חֹלֹן & גִּלהֹ cf. Di.—not clearly located, but on southern border of Judah.

†גִּשְׁפָּא S GK n.pr.m. named after צִיחָא as an officer of Nethinim Ne 11:21; v. om. B; GL & Codd. Γεσφα, name not elsewhere in OT, not even || 1 Ch 9; possibly corrupted from חֲשֻׂפָא Ne 7:46 (following צִחָא; in || Ezr 2:43 חֲשׁוּפָא, צִיחָא), G Ἁσφα (B; Codd. Ασειφα, etc.); cf. BeRy.

גשׁר (√ of foll. Cf. Assyrian gašâru, strengthen, make firm Lotz ^Register; Arabic جَسَرَ (jasara) be bold, also arch a bridge, cf. جِسْرٌ, جَسْرٌ (jisrun, jasrun) bridge, NH גֶּשֶׁר id., Aramaic גִּישְׁרָא, ܓܺܝܫܪܳܐ, ܓܶܫܪܳܐ (gišro, gešro)).

†גְּשׁוּר S GK n.pr.m. (bridge? or land of bridges? cf. Wetzst^{Haurgran, 82}). 1. of people, = הַגְּשׁוּרִי Jos 13:13 cf. 1 Ch 2:23. 2. of land מֶלֶךְ גְּשׁוּר 2 S 3:3; 13:37 cf. v 38 (but text in disorder cf. G We Dr) 14:32; 15:8 בִּגְּ׳ בַּאֲרָם 1 Ch 3:2, גְּשׁוּרָה 2 S 14:23; a territory E. of the upper Jordan, exact limits unknown; according to Guthe ^{xii. 1889, 232 f.} between Gilead and Hermon, in Jaulân; according to Furrer^{ib. xiii. 1890, 198} = the Ledjah, district E. of Jaulân, with town Jisre; against him Guthe^{ib. 285 f.}

†גְּשׁוּרִי S GK adj.gent. = subst. הַגּ׳; 1. people dwelling in Geshûr (supr.) Dt 3:14 Jos 12:5; 13:11, 13. 2. a tribe of, or near, the Philistines Jos 13:2, read prob. הַגִּזְרִי We and Dr (on 1 S 27:8), Mey ^{i. 126 n} GFM Ju 1:29 n. also 1 S 27:8, but del G (not GL) cf. We Dr; read possibly אשׁורי Hom ^{i. (1892), 9}; 2 S 2:9 read הגּ׳ for האשׁורי.

†[גשׁשׁ] vb. feel with the hand, feel, stroke (NH id., Arabic جَسَّ (jassa), Aramaic גְּשַׁשׁ Pa., ܓܰܫ (gaš); Ethiopic ገሰሰ (gasasa) or ገሠሠ (gašaša) stroke, touch)—Pi. Impf. 1 pl. coh. נְגַשֲׁשָׁה Is 59:10, נְגַשּׁ֑שָׁה ib., grope, grope for cf. Che.

גַּת S^{, , ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} wine-press.

גַּת S^{, , ,} TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.

גִּתִּי S GK adj.gent.

גִּתַּיִם S GK n.pr.loc.

גִּתִּית S TWOT GK adj. v. sub יגן.

†גֶּ֫תֶר S GK n.pr.m. (√ unknown) a son of Aram Gn 10:23 = 1 Ch 1:17.