†I. [חָטַב S TWOT GK] vb. cut or gather wood, usually firewood (NH id.; Arabic حَطَبٌ (ḥaṭabun) firewood, حَطَبَ (ḥaṭaba) collect firewood (v. Wetzst in De ψ 144:12); Ethiopic ሐጠበ (ḥaṭaba) cut (or gather) firewood)—Qal Impf. יַחְטְבוּ Ez 39:10; Inf. לַחְטֹב Dt 19:5; Pt. חֹטֵב Dt 29:10; pl. חֹטְבִים 2 Ch 2:9; cstr. חֹטְבֵי Jos 9:21 + 3 times; pass. pl. f. חֲטֻבוֹת Pr 7:16—cut or gather wood, sq. acc. Dt 19:5; 29:10 (|| שׁאב מים); cf. Ez 39:10 מן־היערים (obj. in preceding cl.); 2 Ch 2:9 (|| כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים); Pt. cstr. ח׳ עצים Je 46:22, and (|| שֹׁאֲבֵי מַיִם) Jos 9:21, 23, 27. Pu. Pt. מֲחֻטָּבוֹת ψ 144:12 meaning dub.; perhaps hewn (so, in substance, Thes MV SS Ew Che Bae; v. however II. חטב), of ycorner-pillars (זָוִיּוֹת v. זָוִית p. 265 supr.), sim. of beautiful, stately daughters.

II. חטב TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَطِبَ (ḫaṭiba) be of the colour خُطْبَةٌ (ḫuṭbatun), i.e. turbid, dusky, mixed with yellowish red, etc.; Aramaic Pt. ܡܚܰܛܒܬܳܐ (mḥaṭbto) variegated S 2 S 13:19).

†חֲטֻבוֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. dark-hued stuffs, only in חֲטֻבֿוֹת אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Pr 7:16 dark-hued stuffs (of) yarn of Egypt (|| מַרְבַֿדִּים), v. De Now; מְחֻטָּבוֹת ψ 144:12 der. from this √ by De (q.v., and Wetzt.’s n.), but v. I. חטב.

חִטָּה S TWOT GK wheat, v. sub חנט.

חטט (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَطَّ (ḫaṭṭa) make lines, marks, خَطٌّ (ḫaṭṭun) line, streak, stripe; Aramaic ܚܰܛ (ḥaṭ), חֲטַט dig, ܚܛܽܘܛܳܐ (ḥṭuṭo) furrow, trench).

†חֲטִיטָא S GK n.pr.m. head of a Levit. family, returned exiles Ezr 2:42 G Ατητα, = Ne 7:45 G Ατειτα, in both A Ατιτα, GL Αζιζα.

חטל (√ of foll.; Arabic خَطِلَ (ḫaṭila) = be flabby (of ear), be tall, long, quivering, be light, quick).

†חַטִּיל S GK n.pr.m. head of a family of ‘the children of Sol.’s servants’ Ezr 2:57 G Αττεια, A Αττιλ = Ne 7:59 G Εγηλ, A Εττηλ, GL Αττιλ in both.

†חָטַם S TWOT GK vb. hold in, restrain (Arabic خَطَمَ (ḫaṭama) strike the nose, attach the خِطَامٌ (ḫiṭāmun) = camel-halter, خَطْمٌ (ḫaṭmun) n. muzzle, nose of beast; NH חֲטָם nose-ring of camel, חוֹטָם; Aramaic חוּטְמָא nose; cf. חטם, Inscr. Zinj.; according to DHM ³⁴, of taming wild beasts)—Qal Impf. אֶהֱטָם־לָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּי הַכְרִיתֶֽךָ׃ Is 48:9 I will restrain for thee (mine anger), not to cut thee off (|| אַאֲרִיךְ אַפִּי).

†[חָטַף S TWOT GK] vb. catch, seize (Arabic خَطِفَ (ḫaṭifa); cf. Assyrian taḫṭîpu, oppression, Dl ¹⁸¹; NH חָטַף, Aramaic ܚܛܰܦ (ḥṭap) seize, חֲטַף do hurriedly)—Qal Pf. וַחֲטַפְתֶּם consec. Ju 21:21 lit., seize Wives; Impf. יַחֲטֹף עָנִי ψ 10:9; Inf. לַחֲטוֹף עָנִי ψ 10:9 both fig. of oppressor catching the distressed; all sq. acc.

†חֲטִיפָא S GK n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim, post-exil., Ezr 2:54 G Ατουφα, A Ατιφα = Ne 7:56 G Ατειφα; GL both Ατουφα.

חטר TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَطَرَ (ḫaṭara) lash with the tail, move spear up and down, shake, quiver (said of spear), etc.; Aramaic ܚܽܘܛܪܳܐ (ḥuṭro), חוּטְרָא, Assyrian ḫutartu, all = staff, Schr and on 2 K 9:2; חטר sceptre, Inscr. Zinj. DHM ⁵⁷; on format. v. Lag ¹⁴⁴).

†חֹ֫טֶר S TWOT GK n.m. branch or twig, rod—metaph. abs. ח׳ branch, twig, Is 11:1 ויצא ח׳ מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י (|| נֵצֶר); cstr. rod, בֲּפִי־אֱוִיל חֹטֶר גַּאֲוָה֑ Pr 14:3.

חַטָּת v. חַטָּאת sub חטא.

חטשׁ (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†חַטּוּשׁ S GK n.pr.m. 1. man of Davidic line, post-exil., 1 Ch 3:22 G Χαττους GL Ατους, Ezr 8:2 G Τους, AGL Αττους. 2. a builder at the wall of Jerus. Ne 3:10, G Ατουθ, GL Αττους. 3. head of a priestly house post-exil., Ne 10:5 G Τους, GL Αττους, 12:2 GL Αττους (B om.); relation to 2 dubious.cf. Nab. חטישו, Cooke ²⁴⁵.

חַי S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} , חִיאֵל S GK v. sub חיה infr.

חִידָה S TWOT GK v. sub חוד.

חָיָה S^, TWOT GK₂₈₃ vb. live (NH Ph. id.; Arabic حَىَّ, حَيِىَ (ḥayya, ḥayiya); Sab. חיו Mordt ^{1876, 28}; Ethiopic ሐይወ (ḥaywa) Aramaic ܚܝܳܐ (ḥyo), חֲיָא; Palm. חיי life, life-time, Vog ^{32, 74})—Qal₂₀₃ Pf. חָיָה Ec 6:6 + 4 times; יְ֯חָיָה Je 21:9; 38:2; חַי Gn 5:5 + 23 times (this and the following form are treated as ע״ע, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either ל״ה or ע״ע, Ges ⁷⁶¹); וְחֵי Lv 25:36 (Bö ¹¹⁸¹); 3 fs. חָֽיְתָה Gn 12:13 Je 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Ex 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö ^{1123 (3)}, Sam. חיתה); 2 ms. חָיִיתָ Dt 30:16, חָיִתָה Je 38:17; 3 m. pl. חָיוּ Nu 14:38, וְחָיוּ consec. Nu 4:19 + Zc 10:9 (where read Pi. וְחִיּוּ Sta ^{i, 1881, 22} so G), וִחְיִיתֶם Ez 37:5 + 2 times; Impf. יִחְיֶה Gn 17:18 + 27 times; יְחִי Dt 33:6 + 10 times; וִיחִי ψ 49:10 + 2 times; וְיֶחִ֑י Is 38:21, וַיְחִי Gn 5:3 + 37 times; וַיֶּחִ֑י Dt 4:33 + 4 times; 3 fs. תִּחְיַה Jos 6:17, תְּחִי Gn 19:20 + 5 times; 2 ms. תִּחְיֶה Gn 27:40 + 7 times; 2 fs. תִּחְיִי 2 K 4:7; 1 s. אֶחְיֶה 2 K 1:2 + 8 times; 3 mpl. יִחְיוּ Jos 9:21 + 8 times; 3 fpl. תִּחְיֶינָה Ez 13:19; 37:3; 2 mpl. תִּחְיוּ Dt 4:1 + 2 times; תִּחְיוּן Dt 5:30; 8:1; 1 pl. נִחְיֶה 2 K 7:4 + 7 times; Imv. וֶחְיֵה Gn 20:7 Pr 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Pr 7:2; fs. חֲיִי Ez 16:6⁽⁾; mpl. וִחְיוּ Gn 42:18 + 7 times; Inf. abs. חָיֹה 2 K 8:10 + 6 times; חָיוֹ Ez 3:21 + 3 times; cstr. לִחְיוֹת Ez 33:12, sf. חֲיוֹתָם Jos 5:8;— 1. live: a. have life, Gn 31:32(E), Ex 33:20(J), Nu 4:19 (P), Dt 30:16 +; also in phrase וַיְהִי and he lived (so many years) with acc. of time, Gn 5:3–30 (16 times) 9:28; 11:11–26 (14 times) 47:28 (all P), 50:22 (E), 2 K 14:17 = 2 Ch 25:25 Jb 42:16. b. continue in life, remain alive Gn 20:7 (E), Lv 25:36 2 S 12:22 +; also †ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self Gn 12:13; 19:20 (J), 1 K 20:32 ψ 119:175 Je 38:2, 17, 20 Is 55:3; וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד and the boy may live 2 S 12:22; †ח׳ לִפְנֵי live in the presence of Gn 17:18 (P) Ho 6:2; †ח׳ ב׳ live among La 4:20. †c. sustain life, live on or upon (על), of the animal life, by the sword Gn 27:40 (J), by bread Dt 8:3; elsewhere in pregnant sense of fulness of life in divine favour, sustained by (על) everything that issueth out of the mouth of י׳ Dt 8:3; his promises (?) Is 38:16; of wicked man, by repentance Ez 33:19; c. בְּ by the statutes and judgments of י׳ if a man do them, Lv 18:5 (H) Ez 20:11, 13, 21, 25 Ne 9:29; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live Hb 2:4. †d. live(prosperously) יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך may the king live 1 S 10:24 2 S 16:16⁽⁾ 1 K 1:25, 31, 34, 39 2 K 11:12 2 Ch 23:11; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם ψ 22:27; 69:33; המלך לעולם יחיה Ne 2:3. † 2. be quickened, revive: a. from sickness Nu 21:8, 9 Jos 5:8 (E) 2 K 1:2; 8:8, 9, 10, 14; 2 K 20:1, 7 = Is 38:1, 9, 21. b. from discouragement of the spirit Gn 45:27 (E). c. from faintness Ju 15:19. d. from death 2 K 13:21 Jb 14:14 Is 26:14, 19; by return of נפשׁ 1 K 17:22, of רוּחַ Ez 37:3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 (and so Ju 15:19 c). †Pi. Pf. 3 ms. חִיָּה ψ 22:30; 3 fs. sf. חִיָּ֑תְנִי ψ 119:50; 2 ms. sf. חִיִּיתַנִי ψ 30:4; חִיִּיתָ֑נִי ψ 119:93; 3 pl. חִיּוּ Ju 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Nu 31:15; Impf. יְחַיֶּה 1 S 27:9 +, etc.; Imv. sf. חַיֵּנִי ψ 119:25 + 8 times, חָיֵּיהוּ Hb 3:2; Inf. cstr. חַיּוֹת Gn 7:3 Ez 13:19; sf. חַיֹּתֵנוּ Dt 6:24 +, etc.; Pt. מְחַיֶּה Ne 9:6 1 S 2:6;— 1. preserve alive, let live Ex 1:17, 18, 22; 22:17 Jos 9:15 (JE), Gn 12:12 (J), Nu 31:15 (P), Dt 6:24; 20:16 Ju 21:14 1 S 27:9, 11 1 K 18:5 2 K 7:4 Je 49:11 Ez 3:18 Hb 3:2 Jb 36:6 ψ 30:4; 33:19; 41:3; 138:7; ח׳ נפשׁ preserve oneself alive ψ 22:30 Ez 18:27, or preserve persons alive Ex 13:18, 19, or preserve life 1 K 20:31; ח׳ זרע preserve seed alive Gn 7:3; 19:32, 34 (J); keep in existence heaven and earth Ne 9:6; nourish, young cow Is 7:21, lamb 2 S 12:3. 2. give life, to man when created Jb 33:4. 3. quicken, revive, refresh: a. restore to life, the dead 1 S 2:6 Dt 32:39 Ho 6:2; the dying ψ 71:20. b. cause to grow, grain Ho 14:8. c. restore, a ruined city 1 Ch 11:8, stones destroyed by fire Ne 3:34. d. revive, the people of י׳ by י׳ himself with fulness of life in his favour ψ 80:19; 85:7; 119:25, 37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 149, 154, 156, 159; 143:11 Ec 7:12. †Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱיָה Jos 6:25 + 5 times; 2 ms. sf. הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Gn 47:25; 1 s. הֶחֱיֵיתִי Nu 22:33, הַחֲיִתֶם Jos 2:13 Ju 8:19; Imv. sf. הַחֲיֵינִי Is 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Nu 31:18; Inf. abs. הַחֲיֵה Jos 9:20; cstr. הַחֲיוֹת Gn 6:20 + 6 times; הַחֲיֹת Gn 6:19; 50:20; sf. הַחֲיֹתוֹ Ez 13:22;— 1. preserve alive, let live Gn 45:7; 50:20 (E) 47:25 Nu 22:33 Jos 2:13; 6:25 (all J), 14:10 (D); Gn 6:19, 20 Nu 31:18 Jos 9:20 (P), Ju 8:19 2 S 8:2 Ez 13:22; with נפשׁ Gn 19:19 (J). 2. quicken, revive: a. restore to health, a leper 2 K 5:7, Hezekian Is 38:16. b. revive the לֵב and רוּחַ Is 57:15⁽⁾. c. restore to life, the dead 2 K 8:1, 5⁽⁾.

†i. חַי S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} adj. alive, living;—ח׳ Gn 25:6 +; חָ֑י Gn 3:20 +, חֵי Am 8:14 + 15 times (Ew ³²⁹ explains as cstr., but Ges ^{93, R 7 n.} al. as contracted abs.); f. חַיָּה Gn 1:20 +; pl. חַיִּים ψ 116:9 +;— 1. a. of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Jos 3:10 (J), Ho 2:1 ψ 42:3; 84:3; אלהים חי 2 K 19:4, 16 = Is 37:4, 17; אלהים חיים Dt 5:23 1 S 17:26, 36 Je 10:10; 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living ψ 18:47 = 2 S 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Jb 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Ju 8:19 Ru 3:13 1 S 14:39, 45; 19:6; 20:3, 21; 25:34; 26:10, 16; 28:10; 29:6 2 S 4:9; 12:5; 14:11; 15:21 1 K 1:29; 2:24; 17:1, 12; 18:10; 22:14 = 2 Ch 18:13, 2 K 5:16, 20 Ho 4:15 Je 4:2; 5:2; 12:16; 16:14, 15; 23:7, 8; 38:16; חי אל Jb 27:2; חי האלהים 2 S 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Je 44:26; חי י׳ צבאות 1 K 18:15 2 K 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Dt 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Nu 14:21, 28 (P) Is 49:18; Je 22:24; 46:18 Ez 5:11; 14:16, 18, 20; 16:48; 17:16, 19; 18:3; 20:3, 31, 33; 33:11, 27; 34:8; 35:6, 11 Zp 2:9, cf. also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Am 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Dn 12:7, חֵי is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, v. b. b. of man; אָדָם חַי a living man La 3:39, in antith. מֵת: חי חי Is 38:19; הַחַי collective Ec 7:2; Absalom 2 S 19:7; Naboth 1 K 21:15; a son or lad 2 S 12:21 1 K 3:22⁽⁾, 23⁽⁾, 25, 26⁽⁾, 27; 17:23; usually pl. חיים alive, living Nu 16:30, 33 (J), 17:13 (P), Dt 4:4; 5:3 Is 8:19 ψ 55:16; 124:3 Pr 1:12 Ec 4:2⁽⁾, 15; 6:8; 9:4, 5 Ru 2:20; taking prisoners alive Jos 8:23 (J) 1 S 15:8 1 K 20:18⁽⁾ 2 K 7:12; 10:14⁽⁾ 2 Ch 25:12; living (prosperously) 1 S 25:6 (We reads לָחִי = לְאָחִי (v. Klo Dr) to my brother, after 5ָ42בהֵּ fratribus meis); elsewhere in phrase (פני האדמה) חיים על (אַתֶּם) כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) the land Dt 4:10; 12:1; 31:13 1 K 8:40 = 2 Ch 6:31. Note phrases: (ים) עוֹד חַי yet alive Gn 25:6; 43:7, 27, 28; 45:28; 46:30 (J), 45:3, 26 Ex 4:18 (E), Dt 31:27 1 Sa 20:14 2 S 12:22; 18:14 1 K 20:32; בהיות חי 2 S 12:18 1 K 12:6 2 Ch 10:6; אֶרֶץ (הַ)חַיִים land of the living Is 38:11; 53:8 Je 11:19 Ez 26:20; 32:23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32 ψ 27:13; 52:7; 142:6 Jb 28:13; ארצות הח׳ ψ 116:9; ספר ח׳ ψ 69:29; צרור הח׳ bundle of the living 1 S 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Jb 33:30 ψ 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth 2 S 15:21; חֵי פרעה Gn 42:15, 16 (E); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 1:26; 17:55 2 S 14:19; חַי י׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth 1 S 20:3; 25:26 2 K 2:2, 4, 6; 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ 2 S 11:11 (but on text v. We Dr). c. of animals, alive, living: ox Ex 21:35; 22:3 (E); goat Lv 16:10, 20, 21 (P); bird Lv 14:4, 6⁽⁾, 7, 51, 53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4 (comp. Arabic prov. Kalb ḥay wa-lâ maiyit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzst ^{Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. 1878, 388}); reptiles Gn 1:28 (P); animals in general Gn 9:3 (P); בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Lv 13:10, 14, 15⁽⁾, 16 (P) 1 S 2:15. d. animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל חי Gn 3:20; 8:21 (J) Jb 12:10; 28:21; 30:23 ψ 143:2; 145:16; כל החי Gn 6:19 (P); נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 1:20, 24, 30 (P) 2:7, 19 (J); כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 9:12, 15, 16 (P) Ez 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Gn 1:21; 9:10 Lv 11:10, 46 (P). e. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green, ψ 58:10 (Ges Ew Ol Pe, but De Ri Che Bae raw flesh, v. c supr. ad fin.) f. of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Gn 26:19 (J), Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51, 52; 15:13 Nu 19:17(P), Je 2:13; 17:13 Zc 14:8 Ct 4:15. 2. (dub.) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man 2 S 23:20 (but Qr אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively ψ 38:20 (RV, but Houb Ol Ew Hu. Che al. read חִנָּם, || שׁקר). 3. reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Gn 18:10, 14 (J), 2 K 4:16, 17.

†ii. [חַי S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] n.[m.] kinsfolk (Arabic حَىٌّ (ḥayyun) a group of families united by vital ties RS ^36–40 Dr ¹¹⁹), pl. sf. חַיַּי 1 S 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk, We Ki Dr RS SS RVm VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי We (Klo reads אַחַי וּ).

†i. חַיָּה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.f. living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHM ³⁴)—ח׳ Gn 8:17 +; cstr. חַיַּת Is 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Gn 1:24 ψ 50:10; 79:2; 104:11, 20 Is 56:9⁽⁾ Zp 2:14; sf. חַיָּתִי ψ 143:3, etc.; pl. חַיּוֹת Lv 14:4 + 12 times— 1. animal, as a living, active being: a. in general, Gn 8:17 Lv 11:2, 27, 47⁽⁾ Nu 35:3 (P) ψ 104:25 Is 46:1 Dn 8:4. b. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Gn 7:14, 21; 8:1, 19; 9:5 (P) Lv 17:13; 25:7 (H) Jb 37:8 ψ 148:10 Is 40:16 Ez 14:15; 33:27 Zp 2:14, 15; ח׳ קנה ψ 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Lv 5:2 (P) unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Gn 1:25, 30; 9:2, 10⁽⁾ (P) 1 S 17:46 Ez 29:5; 32:4; 34:28 Jb 5:22; חיתו ארץ Gn 1:24 (P) ψ 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Ex 23:11, 29 (covt. code) Lv 26:22 (H) Dt 7:22 2 S 21:10, 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, Ho 2:14, 20; 4:3; 13:8 Is 43:20 Je 27:6; 28:14 Ez 38:20; 39:4 Jb 5:23; 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Gn 2:19, 20; 3:1, 14 (J) Jb 40:20 Je 12:9 Ez 31:6, 13; 34:5, 8; 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Is 56:9 ψ 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Is 56:9 ψ 50:10; 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Is 35:9 destroyer among beasts. c. living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ez 1:5, 13⁽⁾, 14, 15⁽⁾, 19⁽⁾, 20, 21, 22; 3:13; 10:15, 17, 20. 2. life, only in late poetry, ψ 143:3 Jb 33:18, 20, 22, 28; 36:14 Ez 7:13⁽⁾, and (dub.) ψ 74:19; 78:50. 3. appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Jb 38:39. 4. revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Is 57:10; v. חָיָה 2.

†ii. חַיָּה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.f. (si vera l.) community (= fem. of ii. חַי according to Nö^{, 1886, 176})—וְחַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines (i.e. a group of allied families, making a raid together) was encamping 2 S 23:13 ( = מַחֲנֵה 1 Ch 11:15); perhaps also ψ 68:11 (cf. infr.)

Note.—Several other passages are dub.: וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה 2 S 23:11 assembled into a troop, or by bands (RV, but neither rend. justif.: Bö Ew We Klo Dr rightly read לֶ֫חְיָה to Leḥi, cf. Ju 15:9; wd. om. by accident in || 1 Ch 11:13 Dr); חַיָּֽתְךָ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ ψ 68:11 thy troop dwelt in it (Thes SS RVm Hi Ri Che, but G S Jer Pe thy (living) creatures, of the people; Hup id., ref. to quails; improb.); אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נֶפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךָ חַיַּת עֲנִיֶּיךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּת לָנֶ֫צַח ψ 74:19 give not the soul of thy turtle-dove to the wild beasts, the life of thine afflicted do not forget for ever: RV Hi Pe Bae Sch render thus, giving חית diff. meanings in the two clauses, the former being archaic fem. abs. Ges ^{80, 2. R. 2}; text doubtless corrupt, read poss. למות Schr Ri, for לחית, or לשׁחת Kroch; Gr either of these; Che either, or better לחרב.

†[חָיֶה S TWOT GK] adj. having the vigour of life, lively (on format. v. Lag ⁴⁹)—fpl. חָיוֹת Ex 1:19 (E), of Hebrew women in childbirth, bearing quickly, easily.

†חַיִּים TWOT n.m. Dt 28:66 pl.abstr.emph. life, ח׳ Gn 2:7 +; חַיִּין Jb 24:22 (Aramaism Ges ^{87 (1) a}); חַיֵּי Gn 23:1 +; sf. חַיַּי Gn 47:9 +; חַיָּ֑יְכִי ψ 103:4; (Ges ^{91 (2) R. 2}), etc.;— 1. life: physical Gn 27:46 Ex 1:14 (P), Dt 28:66⁽⁾ 2 S 11:11; 15:21 Is 38:12 Je 8:23 La 3:53, 58 Ez 7:13 Jb 3:20; 7:7; 9:21; 10:12; 24:22 ψ 7:6; 17:14; 21:5; 26:9; 31:11; 34:13; 63:4; 64:2; 66:9; 88:4; 103:4 Pr 18:21 Ec 2:17; 6:12; 7:13; 9:9⁽⁾ 10:19 Jon 2:7; 4:3, 8; חַיֵּי שׂרה life of Sarah Gn 23:1 (P); שְׁנֵי ח׳ years of the life of 2 S 19:35 Gn 23:1; 25:7, 17; 47:8, 9⁽⁾, 28 Ex 6:16, 18, 20 (P); שָׁנָה לח׳ Gn 7:11 (P); שְׁנוֹת חַיִּים Pr 3:2; 4:10; 9:11; יְמֵי ח׳ days of the life of Ec 2:3; 5:17, 19; 6:12; 8:15; 9:9; כֹּל יְמֵי ח׳ Gn 3:14, 17 (J) Dt 4:9; 6:2; 16:3; 17:19 Jos 1:5; 4:14 (D) 1 S 1:11; 7:15 1 K 5:1; 11:34; 15:5, 6, 2 K 25:29, 30 = Je 52:33, 34, Is 38:20 (poem of Hez.) ψ 23:6; 27:4; 128:5 Pr 31:12; בּח׳ in or during one’s life Gn 27:46 (P) Lv 18:18 (H) Ju 16:30 2 S 1:23; 18:18 ψ 49:19; 63:5; 104:33; 146:2 Jb 10:1 Ec 3:12; 9:3; רוּחַ ח׳ Gn 6:17; 7:15 (P); ח׳ רוּחִי Is 38:16 (poem of Hez.); ח׳ בשׂרים Pr 14:30; ח׳ (רוּחַ) נִשְׁמַת Gn 2:7; 7:22 (J). 2. life: as welfare and happiness in king’s presence Pr 16:15; as consisting of earthly felicity combined (often) with spiritual blessedness Dt 30:6, 15, 19⁽⁾, 20; 32:47 ψ 30:6; 133:3 Pr 3:22; 4:13, 22; 8:35; 10:16; 11:19; 12:28; 19:23; 21:21; 22:4 Mal 2:5; used only once distinctly of eternal life (late) ח׳ עולם Dn 12:2; אֵל חַיָּ֑י ψ 42:9 God of my life; מעוז ח׳ ψ 27:1; מקור ח׳ ψ 36:10 Pr 10:11; 13:14; 14:27; 16:22; עֵץ (ה)חַיִּים Gn 2:9; 3:22, 24 (J) Pr 3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4; ארח ח׳ ψ 16:11 Pr 5:6; 15:24; ארח לח׳ Pr 10:17; ארחות ח׳ Pr 2:19; דֶּרֶךְ (ה)חַיִּים Pr 6:23 Je 21:8; חקּות ח׳ Ez 33:15; תּוצאות ח׳ Pr 4:23 sources (origin and direction) of life; תוכחת ח׳ Pr 15:31; כָּתוּב לַחַיִּים Is 4:3 written unto life. 3. sustenance, maintenance: חַיִּים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶיךָ Pr 27:27 maintenance for thy maidens, v. מִחְיָה infr.

†חַיּוּת S TWOT GK n.f.abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת 2 S 20:3, lit. ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Dr; We reads אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after G χῆραι ζῶσαι, so SS.

†מִחְיָה S TWOT GK n.f. preservation of life, sustenance, מ׳ Gn 45:5 + 4 times; cstr. מִחְיַת Lv 13:10, 24; sf. מִחְיָתֶ֑ךָ Ju 17:10;— 1. preservation of life Gn 45:5 (E), 2 Ch 14:12. 2. sustenance Ju 6:4; 17:10. 3. reviving, Ezr 9:8, 9. 4. the quick (בָּשָׂר) מִחְיַת the quick (or raw spot) of the flesh Lv 13:10, 24 (P).

†חִיאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (Ēl lives (or abbrev. for יחיאל); Sab. חיאל, name of coin, after n.pr. of king DHM ^{1875, 613, 1883, 15}; cp. also foll., and Ph. מריחי, כמשיחי)—name of the rebuilder of Jericho 1 K 16:34; G Αχ(ε)ιηλ, om. GL.

†יְחִיאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (may Ēl live; Ph. יחואלן, יחומלך v. Eut ^{1876, 136})—G usually Ιειηλ, Ιαιηλ;— 1. one of David’s chief musicians 1 Ch 15:18 (G Ιειηλ, GL Ιαιηλ), v 20 (G Ειθηλ, GL Ιειηλ), 16:5 (G Ειειηλ, GL Ιαιηλ). 2. one of David’s chiefs of the Levites 1 Ch 23:8 (G Ι(ει)ηλ), 29:8 (G Βεσιηλ, A GL Ιειηλ). 3. tutor of David’s sons 1 Ch 27:32 (G Ιε(ρι)ηλ, GL Ιωηλ). 4. son of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 21:2. 5. יְחִו֯אֵל Hemanite of Hezekiah’s reign 2 Ch 29:14. 6. overseer in Hezekiah’s reign 2 Ch 31:13. 7. ruler of the temple in Josiah’s reign 2 Ch 35:8. 8. contemporaries of Ezra, Ezr 8:9 (G Ιεμα, A Ιεειηλ, GL Ιειηλ), 10:2, 21, 6.

†יְחִיאֵלִי S GK n.pr.m. (patronym.), 1 Ch 26:21, 22 (G Ιειηλ; GL om. in v 22).

†יְחִיָּה S GK n.pr.m. (may Yah live) keeper of the ark 1 Ch 15:24 (G Ιε(α)ια, GL Ιειηλ).

חיל v. I. II. חול supr.

חַיִל S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK, חֵיל S^, TWOT^, GK, חִיל S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} , חִילָה S TWOT^, GK, חֵילָם S GK, חֵילָן v. sub I. II. חול supr.

חִין S TWOT GK v. sub חנן.

חִיצוֹן S TWOT GK, חַיִץ S TWOT GK v. sub I. II. חוץ.

חֵיק S TWOT GK^, v. sub חוק.

חִירָה S GK v. sub I. חור.

חִירָם S GK, חִירוֹם S GK v. sub אח, אחה supr. p. 27b.

חֵךְ S TWOT GK v. sub I. חנך.

†[חָכָה S TWOT GK] vb. wait, await—Qal Pt. pl. cstr. חוֹכֵי Is 30:18, with לְ waiting for him (י׳). Pi. חִכָּה Jb 32:4; חִכְּתָה ψ 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Is 8:17; חִכּוּ ψ 106:13; חִכִּינוּ 2 K 7:9; Impf. יְחַכֶּה Is 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה 2 K 9:3; Imv. חַכֵּה־ Hb 2:3; חַכּוּ Zp 3:8; Inf. cstr. כְּחַכֵּי Ho 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); Pt. מְחַכֶּה Dn 12:12; cstr. מְחַכֵּה Is 64:3; pl. מְחַכִּים Jb 3:21;— 1. wait, tarry, abs. 2 K 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light 2 K 7:9; c. acc. את איוב בדברים Jb 32:4 tarry for Job with words. 2. wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Ho 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man AV RV De, or as marauders lie in wait Hi Ew (taking אישׁ as cstr.) 3. wait for, await, with לְ for י׳ Is 8:17; 64:3 Zp 3:8 ψ 33:20; for his counsel ψ 106:13; for his vision Hb 2:3; for death Jb 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Is 30:18 (Di regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); abs. waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Dn 12:12.

חַכָּה S TWOT GK v. sub חנך.

חכל TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَكَلَ (ḥakala) iv. be confused, vague; حُكْلَةٌ (ḥuklatun) barbarousness, or impediment in speech; Assyrian ekêlu, be gloomy, êklu, dark, eklitu, darkness, Dl in Zim ^{115, W. 385 ff.}, cf. Jäger ^{ii, 282}).

†חֲכִילָה S GK n.pr.loc. (dark) a hill in southern Judah, on edge of wilderness of Ziph 1 S 23:19; 26:1, 3 (Glaser ^{ii, 326} reads also for חוילה, q.v., in 1 S 15:7); G Εχελα (26:1 B Χελμαθ, A Αχιλα) always c. art.

†חַכְלִילִי S TWOT GK adj. (dark) dull, from wine, ח׳ עינים מִיָּ֑יִן Gn 49:12.

†חַכְלִילוּת S TWOT GK n.f. dulness, of eyes in drunkenness, לְמִי חַכ׳עֵינָֽיִם׃ Pr 23:29 (v 30 לַמְאַחֲרִימעַל־הַיָּ֑יִן).

†חֲכַלְיָה S GK n.pr.m. (meaning dub.; perhaps חַכֵּה לְיָהּ wait for Yahweh, √ חכה, so We?)—father of Nehemiah Ne 1:1, G Χελκ(ε)ια, GL Χελκιας(ου), א A Αχαλια; 10:2 G Αχελια, A GL Αχαλια.

†חָכַם S TWOT GK vb. be wise (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܟܰܡ (ḥkam), חֲכַם id.; Zinj. חכמה wisdom, DHM ⁵⁷; Assyrian ḫakâmu, know (with exceptional חֿ v. Dl ^{178 f.}); Arabic حَكَمَ (ḥakama) restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; iv. make firm, sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Pr 23:15; 3 fs. חָֽכְמָה Zc 9:2; הָכַמְתָּ Pr 9:12⁽⁾, etc. + 3 times Pf.; Impf. יֶּחְכַּם Pr 9:9; 21:11; וַיֶּחְכַּם 1 K 5:11; יֶחְכָּ֑ם Pr 20:1 +; וֶחְ֯כָּ֑ם Pr 13:20; תֶּחְכַּם Pr 19:20; אֶחְכָּ֑מָה Ec 7:23; pl. יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ Jb 32:9; Imv. חֲכַם Pr 27:11; חֲכָ֑ם Pr 6:6; 23:19 + 13:20 Kt; חֲכָ֑מוּ Pr 8:33;—be or become wise, act wisely Dt 32:29 (poet.) 1 K 5:11 Jb 32:9 Pr 6:6; 8:33; 9:9, 12⁽⁾; 13:20; 19:20; 20:1; 21:11; 23:19; 27:11 Ec 2:15; 7:23 Zc 9:2; אם חכם לבך if thy mind be wise Pr 23:15; c. acc. שׁחכמתי Ec 2:19 wherein I have acted wisely. Pi. Impf. יְחַכֵּם ψ 105:22; sf. יְחַכְּמֵנוּ Jb 35:11; תְּחַכְּמֵנִי ψ 119:98; all make wise, teach wisdom, c. acc. Pu. Pt. made wise, intensive, as it were the embodiment of wisdom חוֹבֵר חֲבָרִים מְחֻכָּם ψ 58:6, pl. הֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים Pr 30:24 (of intelligent animals). Hiph. Pt. cstr. מַחְכִּימַת פֶּ֑תִי ψ 19:8 making wise the simple. Hithp. Impf. נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ Ex 1:10 (E) let us deal wisely (shrewdly) toward it (the people); 2 ms. תִּתְחַכַּם Ec 7:16 make or shew thyself wise.

†חָכָם S TWOT GK adj. wise, ח׳ Dt 4:6 + 67 times; cstr. חֲכַם Is 3:3 + 9 times; pl. חֲכָמִים Dt 1:13 + 39 times; cstr. חַכְמֵי Ex 28:3 + 4 times; sf. חֲכָמֶיךָ Is 19:12 etc. + 8 times; f. חֲכָמָה 2 S 14:2; 20:16; cstr. חַכְמַת Ex 35:25; pl. חֲכָמוֹת Je 9:16; cstr. חַכְמוֹת Ju 5:29 Pr 14:1 (but read חָכְמוֹת De);— 1. skilful in technical work; artificers Is 3:3; sailors Ez 27:8, so (prob.) v 9; mourning women Je 9:16; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Ex 28:3; 31:6; 35:10; 36:1, 2, 4, 8 (P), 1 Ch 22:15 2 Ch 2:6, 12, 13⁽⁾; women in spinning Ex 35:25 (P); goldsmiths and other artisans Je 10:9; makers of idol-images Is 40:20. 2. wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Gn 41:33, 39 (E); heads of tribes Dt 1:13, 15, judges 16:19; of David 2 S 14:20, of Solomon 1 K 2:9; 3:12; 5:21 = 2 Ch 2:11; the prince of Tyre, in satire Ez 28:3; of kings in general Pr 20:26; class of political advisers of Judah Is 29:14 Je 18:18, appar. also Is 5:21; of Egypt Is 19:11⁽⁾, 12, Edom Ob 8, the nations Je 10:7; so of God Is 31:2. 3. shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab 2 S 13:3; the princesses Ju 5:29; אשׁה חכמה wise woman 2 S 14:2; 20:16; gen., Je 9:22; intelligent animals Pr 30:24; לכד ח׳ בערמם taking the cunning in their craft Jb 5:13; חכם בעיני wise in one’s own eyes Pr 3:7; 26:5, 12, 16; 28:11; חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Jb 37:24. 4. pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E), Ex 7:11 (P; cf. Is 19:11⁽⁾, 12); Babylon Is 44:25 Je 50:35; 51:57; Persia Est 1:13; 6:13. 5. prudent, towards king Pr 16:14; in controversies Pr 11:29; 29:8, 9, 11; religious affairs Ho 13:13; 14:10 Je 4:22; 8:8, 9 Dt 4:6; 32:6 ψ 107:43; אישׁ ח׳ Je 9:11. 6. wise, ethically and religiously, in WisdLt: a. as adj., חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Pr 10:8; 16:21; לֵב חָכָם Ec 8:5; of the son Pr 10:1 = 15:20, 13:1; 23:24; Ec 2:19; ילד ח׳ Ec 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳ Jb 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳ wise reprover Pr 25:12. b. = subst.: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Pr 14:16; is silent Pr 17:28; hearkens to counsel Pr 12:15; hears and increases in learning Pr 1:5; his ear seeketh knowledge Pr 18:15; he receives it Pr 21:11; and stores it up Pr 10:14; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Pr 15:31; and he becomes wiser through it Pr 9:8, 9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Jb 15:2; he tells the experience of the past Jb 15:18; has knowledge Jb 34:2; teaches it Ec 12:9; disperses it Pr 15:7; his tongue is health Pr 12:18; it utters knowledge aright Pr 15:2; his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Pr 16:23; his words are gracious Ec 10:12; it is good to hear his rebuke Ec 7:5; his instruction is a fountain of life Pr 13:14; one walking with him becomes wiser Pr 13:20. The חכמים recall the Gk. σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Pr 1:6; 22:17 (cf. 24:23), Ec 9:17; 12:11; God himself is חכם לבב Jb 9:4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no advantage over the fool Ec 6:8; but die as the fool Ec 2:16⁽⁾ ψ 49:11; they will not be able to find the works of God Ec 8:17; like others are in the hands of God Ec 9:1; they do not secure bread Ec 9:11; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Pr 21:20; his lips preserve him Pr 14:3; they inherit glory Pr 3:35; wealth is their crown Pr 14:24; the wise man is strong Pr 24:5 Ec 7:19; his eyes are in his head Ec 2:14; his mind is at his right hand Ec 10:2; he interprets things Ec 8:1. (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Pr 11:30; scales the city of the mighty Pr 21:22; though poor he delivers the city Ec 9:15; is a reproof to scorners Pr 15:12; his mind is in the house of mourning Ec 7:4; injustice makes him foolish Ec 7:7; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Jb 17:10.

†חָכְמָה S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, n.f. wisdom, ח׳ Ex 28:3 + 106 times; cstr. חָכְמַת Ex 35:35 + 15 times; sf. חָבְמָתִי Ec 2:9, etc. + 25 times sf.; pl. abst. חָכְמוֹת ψ 49:4 Pr 1:20; 9:1; 24:7 (GK^{§ 861}); חַכְמוֹת Pr 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adj. cstr. f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);— 1. skill in war Is 10:13; in technical work Ex 28:3; 31:3, 6; 35:26, 31, 35; 36:1, 2 (P), cf. 1 K 7:14, 1 Ch 28:21; of sailors ψ 107:27. 2. wisdom, in administration Dt 34:9 Is 29:14 Je 49:7⁽⁾ 2 S 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ez 28:4, 5, 7, 12, 17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness 1 K 2:6; 3:28; 5:9, 10, 14⁽⁾, 26; 10:4, 6, 7, 8, 23, 24 = 2 Ch 9:3, 5, 6, 7, 22, 23, 1 K 11:41 2 Ch 1:10, 11, 12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Is 11:2. 3. shrewdness, wisdom, 2 S 20:22 1 K 5:10⁽⁾ Je 9:22; withheld by God from the ostrich Jb 39:17; of magicians and prophets Is 47:10 Dn 1:4, 17, 20. 4. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Dt 4:6 ψ 37:30; 51:8; 90:12 Pr 10:31 Is 33:6 Je 8:9. 5. wisdom, ethical and religious: a. of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Jb 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Jb 38:37; founded the earth Pr 3:19; and made all things Je 10:12 = 51:15, ψ 104:24; it is with him Jb 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Jb 28:12, 20; he alone knows it Jb 28:23; gives it Pr 2:6; and shews its secrets Jb 11:6. b. the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Pr 8:22–31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction 9:1 (cf. v2–5); she teaches in public places 1:20; 8:1, 5, 11, 12 (v. context); gives her pupils the divine spirit 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded 8:14 (cf. v1–21). c. of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Pr 4:7⁽⁾; its fundamental principle is to fear God ψ 111:10 Pr 15:33 Jb 28:28 (|| סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Pr 9:10; 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Jb 28:18 Pr 8:11; 16:16; 17:16; 23:23; 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Pr 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ec 2:26; men are to incline the ear Pr 2:2; attend unto wisdom Pr 5:1; seek Ec 7:25; know Pr 24:14 Ec 1:17; 8:16; behold Ec 2:12; 9:13; get her Pr 4:5, 7; treat her as sister Pr 7:4; happy the man who finds her Pr 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 10:23; נָבוֹן Pr 10:13; 14:33; מֵבִין Pr 17:24; cf. also ψ 49:4 Jb 4:21; 12:2, 12; 13:5; 15:8; 26:3; 32:7, 13; 33:33 Pr 1:2, 7; 2:10; 4:11; 11:2; 13:10; 14:1, 8; 18:4; 21:30; 24:3; 28:26; 29:3, 15; 31:26 Ec 1:13, 16⁽⁾, 18; 2:3, 9, 13, 21; 7:10, 11, 12⁽⁾, 19, 23; 8:1; 9:10, 15, 16⁽⁾, 18; 10:1, 10;—on Solomon’s wisdom v. supr.

†חַכְמוֹנִי n.pr.m. (wise)— 1. father of one of David’s warriors 1 Ch 11:11. 2. father of the tutor of David’s sons 1 Ch 27:32.

†תַּחְכְּמֹנִי S GK adj.gent. 2 S 23:8 = בן חכמוני 1 Ch 11:11; read הַחַכְמֹנִי We Klo Dr VB.

חֵל S TWOT v. חֵיל sub I. חול.

חֹל S TWOT^, GK v. sub III. חלל.

†I. [חָלָא S TWOT GK] vb. be sick, diseased (= חלה, v. Ges ^{75, 22})—Qal Impf. וַיֶּחֱלֶא אָסָא … בְּרַגְלָיו 2 Ch 16:12 ( = חלה 1 K 15:23).

†תַּחֲלֻאִים S TWOT GK n.pl.m. 2 Ch 21:19 diseases, abs. ת׳ Je 16:4 2 Ch 21:19; cstr. תַּחֲלוּאֵי Je 14:18; תַּחֲלוּאָ֑יְכִי ψ 103:3; תַּחֲלֻאֶ֫יהָ Dt 29:21;—diseases Dt 29:21 2 Ch 21:19 ψ 103:3; מְמוֹתֵי תחלאים יָמֻתוּ Je 16:4; תחלואי רעב Je 14:18 diseases of famine (|| חַלְלֵי־חֶרֶב).

II. חלא TWOT (√ of foll.; DHM in MV comp. Sab. פחֿטאת ותחלאן she sinned and defiled herself).

†i. [חֶלְאָה S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.f. rust (perhaps as filth v. supr.)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Ez 24:6, 12 + v 11, 12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v 6 חֶלְאָתָהֿ (cf. Ges ^{91, 1; R. 2}) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.

†ii. חֶלְאָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.f. (meaning dub.)—wife of Ashḫur (of Judah) ‘father’ of Tekoah 1 Ch 4:5, 7 G Αωδα, Αοαδα, Αλαα, Ελαα, Ελεα.

חֲלָאִים v. חֲלִי sub III. חלה.

חֵלָ֑אמָה v. חֵילָם sub I. חול.

I. חלב TWOT^, (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†חָלָב S TWOT GK n.m. milk (NH id. (and vb. denom.); Aramaic חַלְבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ (ḥalbo), Ph. חלב; Arabic حَلِيبٌ (ḥalībun) n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ (ḥalaba) vb. milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, v. Dl ¹⁷⁴; Ethiopic ሐሊብ (ḥalib))—ח׳ abs. Gn 18:18 + 35 times + Ez 34:3 (v. infr.); cstr. חֲלֵב Ex 23:19 + 5 times; sf. חֲלָבִי Ct 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Ez 25:4;—milk: a. as common food Gn 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.v.), חֲלֵב צֹאן Dt 32:14 (poet.; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Ju 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה Pr 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יֹאכַל חֶמְאָה Is 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; cf. also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk, i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Jb 21:24 (v. Ew De Di VB), and kept in skins (נֹאוד ח׳) Ju 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Ez 25:4 (cf. השׁקה Ju 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Ez 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, G B Bö Hi-Sm Co, al.; it was poured out, v. sim. of formation of the embryo הֲלֹא כֶח׳ תַּתִּיכֵנִי Jb 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Pr 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (RS ^{i. 204}). (2) c. אֵם mother’s milk: of kid לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Ex 23:19 = 34:26 (JE) = Dt 14:21, cf. טְלֵה ח׳ 1 S 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Is 28:9 weaned from milk (|| עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם); fig. in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Is 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (|| וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים תִּינָ֑קִי). (3) ח׳ with wine, as especially delicacy Ct 5:1 (v. De), fig. of י׳’s choicest blessings Is 55:1. (4) often in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan (דְּבַשׁ) זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֑שׁ flowing with milk and honey Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:3 Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE), Lv 20:24 (H), Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 Jos 5:6 Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15, of Egypt Nu 16:13; the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Jo 4:18 (|| יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיסּ); fig. of charms of loved one דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ Ct 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue. b. milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Gn 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ מֵח׳ La 4:7 they were whiter than milk (|| זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also prob. of eyes (iris) רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳ Ct 5:12 bathed in milk, i.e. the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice v. RS ²⁰⁴.

II. חלב TWOT^, (√ of foll.; perhaps cf. Assyrian ḫalâbu, be covered, VR 8:83 Lyon^Manual, , ḫallibu, cover, clothe, IR^{18, 68} ḫallubtu, clothing, Lyon^{Sargontexte 14}, ḫitlupatu, naḫlapu (read b for p) Schr ).

i. חֵ֫לֶב S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Ex 29:13 fat (NH id., fat, so Ph. חלב (prob.); Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (ḥelbo) (also diaphragm in Lexx., v. PS¹²⁷⁴) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Arabic خِلْبٌ (ḫilbun), incl. midriff-fat, RS ^{i. 360});—ח׳ abs. Lv 3:16 + 40 times; cstr. Gn 45:18 + 21 times; sf. חֶלְבּוֹ Lv 3:9 + 6 times; חֶלְבָּהּ Lv 4:31, 35, חֶלְבָּם Nu 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ ψ 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן Lv 8:16, 25 (read n.pl. חלביהן Sam. Di); pl. הַחֲלָבִים Lv 8:26 + 7 times; cstr. חֶלְבֵי Lv 6:5 + 4 times; sf. חֶלְבֵהֶן Gn 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Di, cf. Lv 8:16, 25 supr.);— 1. fat of human body Ju 3:22 (covering intestines); ח׳גִּבּוֹרִים 2 S 1:22 assmearing warrior’s shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Jb 15:27; fat (of midriff) fig. of unreceptive heart ח׳ סָֽגְרוּ ψ 17:10, v. also 73:7 (read מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ G S Hi Ew Ol De Che Bae al.); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם ψ 119:70 i.e. their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it. 2. fat of beasts: a. as rich food (poet.) Dt 32:14 and in sim. ψ 63:6 (|| דֶּשֶׁן); so MT Ez 34:3 (but read הֶחָלָב, v. חָלָב), 39:19 (S Co בשׂר). b. especially as offered in sacrifice, sg., to י׳ Ex 23:18 (JE), 1 S 2:15, 16 Ex 29:13⁽⁾, 22⁽⁾ Lv 3:3⁽⁾, 4, 9⁽⁾, 10, 14⁽⁾, 15 + 23 times Lv, Nu 18:17 (all P), Lv 17:6 (H), 1 S 15:22 Is 1:11; 43:24 Ez 44:7, 15; v. Is 34:6⁽⁾, 7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳’s sword (under fig. of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Dt 32:38; (poet.), not to be eaten by men Lv 3:17; 7:23, 24⁽⁾, 25 (all P); also pl., fat parts or pieces Gn 4:4 (J) Lv 6:5 + 8 times Lv, 1 K 8:64⁽⁾ 2 Ch 7:7⁽⁾; 29:35; 35:14. 3. choicest, best part of products of land Gn 45:18 (E), specif. of oil Nu 18:12 and wine v 12; of corn and oil v 29, 30, 32; also (poet.) ח׳ כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה Dt 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (i.e. the very choicest, cf. Is 34:6), ח׳ חִטָּה ψ 81:17, ח׳ חִטִּים 147:14.

†ii. חֵ֫לֶב S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr.m. חֿלבן = the crafty one Sab.Denkm. ^{27. 28})—one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:29 (but read חלד(י), v. Dr), G Εσθαει, A Αλαφ, GL Αλλαν ( = חֵלֶד 1 Ch 11:30 = חֶלְדַּי 27:15).

†חֶלְבָּה S GK n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Ju 1:31, site unknown, G Χεβδα, GL Ελβα; (comp. Assyrian Maḫalliba Schr Dl, but v. אַחְלָב infr.)

†חֶלְבּוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳ Ez 27:18; so also Assyrian n.pr.terr. Ḫibunim or Hilbunu, v. Schr and Dl in Co Mod. Ḫalbûn, NW. from Damascus, Wetzst ^{xi. 1857, 490 f.} Bd ³⁴¹.

†חֶלְבְּנָה S TWOT GK n.f. (Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܢܺܝܬܳܐ (ḥelbonito), חֶלְבְּנִיתָא G χαλβάνη, B galbanum)—a kind of gum Ex 30:34, ingredient of the holy incense, v. Di Löw¹¹⁵.

†אַחְלָב S GK n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Ju 1:31, site unknown, G Δαλαφ ( = Ααλαφ) (WMaxMüller^{Asien u. Europa 194} thinks corrupt. for מחלב, Assyrian Maḫalliba (which Schr Ju 1:31 Dl ²⁸³ comp. with אחלב and חֶלְבָּה); he reads n.pr.loc. מחלב for מֵחֶבֶל Jos 19:29, G καὶ ἀπὸ Λεβ = וּמֵחֹלֶב; this would be on coast, N. of Achzib).

I. חלד TWOT^, (√ of foll.; Arabic خَلَدَ (ḫalada) abide, continue, often in Qor of righteous in Paradise).

†חֶ֫לֶד S TWOT GK n.[m.] Jb 11:17 duration, world ( = αἰών) (Arabic خُلْدٌ (ḫuldun) perpetual duration, eternity)—abs. ח׳ ψ 17:14; חָ֑לֶד Jb 11:17 + 2 times + Is 38:11 Che De, sq. Cod. Bab. etc. (Baer חָ֑דֶל); sf. חֶלְדִּי ψ 39:6; = duration of life Jb 11:17 ψ 39:6 (|| יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָ֑לֶד 89:48 of what duration I am Dr ^{189. 2}, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hi Ew Now al.; world ( = αἰών, not κόσμος) ψ 17:14; 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ || כל־עמים), cf. Is 38:11 (v. supr.; || אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).

II. חלד TWOT^, (√ of foll.; cf. NH חלד dig, or hollow out, Aramaic ܚܠܰܕ (ḥlad) creep, crawl).

†חֵ֫לֶד S GK n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חֿלד DHM ³⁵) one of David’s heroes, son of בַּעֲנָה 1 Ch 11:30 A GL Αλαδ ( = חֶלְדַּי 27:15 = חֵלֶב 2 S 23:29).

†חֹ֫לֶד S TWOT GK n.[m.] weasel (NH חוּלְדָּא; Arabic خُلْدٌ (ḫuldun) mole or blind-rat, or a species of rat; on format. v. Lag ¹⁴⁴)—weasel Lv 11:29 (Vrss Ki Thes al. v. especially Di; >Saad Bö MV SS Lag mole).

†חֻלְדָּה S GK n.pr.f. prophetess, Josiah’s time, 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, G Ολδα.

†חֶלְדַּי S GK n.pr.m. 1. one of David’s heroes 1 Ch 27:15 ( = חֵלֶד 11:30 = חֵלֶב 2 S 23:29) G Χολδεια (—δαι), GL Ολδια. 2. a returned exile Zc 6:10 (om. G) = חֵלֶם v 14.

†I. חָלָה S TWOT^, GK^, vb. be weak, sick (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלָא suffer (rare); Assyrian ḫalû, sickness, grief, Dl ¹⁸¹)—Qal Pf. ח׳ 1 K 14:1 + 8 times; 2 fs. חָלִית Is 57:10; 1 s. חָלִיתִי 1 S 30:13 + 2 times; וְחָלִי֫תִי consec. Ju 16:7, 11, 17, חָלוּ֫ Je 5:3 (so read, v. infr.); Impf. וַיָּ֑חַל 2 K 1:2; Inf. sf. חֲלֹתוֹ Is 38:9; חֲלוֹתִי ψ 77:11 cf. sub Pi.; חֲלוֹתָם ψ 35:13; Pt. חֹלֶה Gn 48:1 + 6 times + 1 S 22:8 (v. infr.); חוֹלֶה Ne 2:2 Mal 1:13; f. חוֹלָה Ec 5:12 + 3 times (for Je 4:31 v. I. חוּל), cstr. חוֹלַת Ct 2:5; 5:8;— 3. be or become weak, Samson Ju 16:7, 11, 17; feel weak Is 57:10 (Che) Ez 34:4, 16. 2. become sick, ill Gn 48:1 (E) 1 S 19:14; 30:13 1 K 14:1, 5; 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא 2 Ch 16:2) 17:17 2 K 1:2; 8:7; 13:14 (c. acc. cogn.) 20:12 = Is 39:1, Is 33:24; 38:9 Pr 23:35 ψ 35:13 Ne 2:2, cf. ψ 77:11 חֲלוֹתִי for חַלּוֹתִי Che after Bi; lame and sick—i.e. imperfect for sacrifice—of animals Mal 1:8, 13; sick from effect of wounds 2 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 22:6, cf. Pr 23:35, מַכָּה with חֳלִי Dt 28:59, 61 Je 6:7; 10:19; hyperbol. sick from love חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אני Ct 2:5; 5:8; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת 2 K 20:1 = Is 38:1, ח׳עד־למות (late) 2 Ch 32:24; Je 5:3 read prob. לֹא חָלוּ֫ (for MT חָ֫לוּ, v. I. חול) of the people, unmoved by י׳’s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not sick (cf. Niph. Am 6:6); of sickness of the mind in MT 1 S 22:8 sq. עַל (but read rather חֹמֵל G Gr Klo Dr); pt. as adj. severe, sore רָעָה חוֹלָה Ec 5:12, 15;—on Je 4:31 v. I. חול. Niph. Pf. 1 s. נֶחֱלֵיתִי Dn 8:27; 3 pl. נֶחְלוּ Am 6:6 Je 12:13; Pt. f. נַחֲלָה Is 17:11 + 4 times; pl. נַחְלוֹת Ez 34:4 (del. Co) v 21;— 1. make oneself sick, fig. for strain oneself Je 12:13 (but Gr נִלְאוּ). 2. be made sick Dn 8:27; לֹא נֶח׳ of indifference, apathy Am 6:6 sq. על (cf. Qal Je 5:3); pt. diseased, as subst. c. art. Ez 34:4 (del. Co) v 21; = severe, sore (pred. of מַכָּה) Na 3:19 Je 10:19; 14:17; 30:12; also (מַכָּה om.) Is 17:11. Pi. Pf. חִלָּה make sick, c. acc. cogn. + בְּ of land Dt 29:21; Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא ψ 77:11 read prob. חֲלוֹתִי, Inf. Qal, my sickness, so Bi Che (others der. from חלל my wounding, v. De).—For other forms of Pi. v. II. חלה. Pu. Pf. be made weak, 2 ms. חֻלֵּיתָ Is 14:10. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְחָ֑ל 2 S 13:6; Imv. הִתְחָ֑ל 2 S 13:5; Inf. הִתְחַלּוֹת 2 S 13:2;—make oneself sick, of Ammon’s morbid passion for his sister 2 S 13:2, sq. בַּעֲבוּר; of his pretended sickness of body 2 S 13:5, 6. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶחֱלִי Is 53:10; 1 s. הֶהֱלֵתִי Mi 6:13; pl. הֶחֱלוּ Ho 7:5 (on text v. infr.); Pt. מַחֲלָה Pr 13:12;— 1. make (sick, i.e.) sore thy smiting הַכּוֹתֶ֑ךָ Mi 6:13 (cf. Na 3:19, Niph.); obj. (implic.) a person, וי׳ חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ הֶחֱלִי Is 53:10 it pleased י׳ to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise him sorely, v. further Di. 2. make sick, obj. לֵב (of hope deferred) Pr 13:12. 3. shew (signs of) sickness, become sick, only הֶח׳ שׂרים חֲמַת מִיָּ֑יִן Ho 7:5 princes are become sick with fever of wine (Now Che VB; > Vrss Hi-St who read הֵחֵלּוּ they begin the day with wine-fever). Hoph. Pf. be made sick = wounded הָֽחֳלֵיתִי 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, 2 Ch 35:23.

†חֳלִי S TWOT GK n.m. Dt 28:59 sickness, חֳלִי Dt 28:61 + 8 times; חֹ֑לִי Dt 7:15 + 2 times; sf. חָלְיוֹ Is 38:9 + 7 times + Ec 5:16 (where del. sf., cf. Vrss Now); pl. חֳלָיִם Dt 28:59, חֳלָיִים 2 Ch 21:15, חֳלָיֵנוּ Is 53:4;—sickness, disease Dt 7:15; 28:59, 61 1 K 17:17 2 K 1:2; 8:8, 9; 13:14 Is 38:9 2 Ch 16:12⁽⁾; 21:15⁽⁾, 19 ψ 41:4 Ec 6:2; of the suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:3, 4 (in both || מַכְאֹב); of rich man Ec 5:16 (read וָחֳלִי, v. supr.); incurable disease ח׳ לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2 Ch 21:18; recover from sickness חיה מֵחלי Is 38:9; metaph. of distress of land Ho 5:13 (|| מָזוֹר), Is 1:5 Je 10:19; = wound, of violence in Jerusalem Je 6:7 (|| מַכָּה).

†[מַחֲלֶה S TWOT GK] n.[m.] sickness, disease—sf. מַחֲלֵהוּ Pr 18:14 his sickness ( = any sickness of his); of specif. disease, cstr. מַחֲלֵה מֵעֶ֑יךָ 2 Ch 21:15 ( + בָּחֳלָיִים רַבִּים, מֵהַחֹ֑לִי).

†מַחֲלָה S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. sickness, disease, מַחֲלָה Ex 15:26 + 3 times—sickness, disease (in gen.) Ex 23:25 (JE); so c. כל, 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 (|| כל־נֶגַע), Ex 15:26 (JE; cf. אני יהוה רֹפְאֶ֑ךָ ad fin.)

†[מַחֲלוּי S TWOT GK] n.m. sickness, suffering (caused by wounds, cf. חלה 2 K 8:29)—only pl. intens. מַחֲלֻיִים 2 Ch 24:25.

†II. [חָלָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. only Pi. sq. פְּנֵי, פָּנֶיךָ, פָּנַיִךְ = mollify, appease, entreat the favour of, lit. make the face of any one sweet or pleasant (cf. Arabic حَلَا, حَلِىَ (ḥalā, ḥaliya) be sweet, pleasant, Aramaic ܚܠܻܝ (ḥli), חֲלִי, id., adj. חָלֵי sweet);—Pi. Pf. חִלָּה 2 Ch 33:12, חִלִּיתִי 1 S 13:12 ψ 119:58, וְחִלּוּ consec. Jb 11:19, חִלִּינוּ Dn 9:13; Impf. וַיְחַל Ex 32:11 + 3 times, יְחַלּוּ ψ 45:13 Pr 19:6; Imv. חַל־נָא 1 K 13:6, חַלּוּ־נָא Mal 1:9; Inf. cstr. לְחַלּוֹת Zc 7:2 + 2 times;— 1. ח׳ את־פני־י׳: a. mollify, pacify, appease י׳, i.e. induce him to shew favour in place of wrath and chastisement Ex 32:11 (JE), 1 K 13:6 ( + הִתְפַּלֵּל), v 6 2 K 13:4 Je 26:19 ( + וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם), 2 Ch 33:12 (|| וַיִּכָּנַע מאד מִלִּפְנֵי), Dn 9:13; also ח׳ פני־אֵל Mal 1:9 (sq. וִיחָנֵּ֑נוּ that he may be gracious to us). b. entreat the favour of י׳, i.e. aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, 1 S 13:12 (in anticipation of war), Zc 8:21, 22 (|| לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳; of cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem for worship), Zc 7:2 (|| לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳) of worship at Jerusalem; quite gen., as habit of God-fearing man, ψ 119:58 ( + בְּכָל־לֵב). 2. entreat favour of men (in sense of 1 b—רַבִּים יְח׳ פני־נָדִיב Pr 19:6 many entreat a prince’s favour (|| וְכָל־הָרֵעַ לְאִישׁ מַתָּן); יח׳ פָּנַיִךְ ψ 45:13 of favour of king’s bride; וְח׳ פָּנֶיךָ רַבִּים Jb 11:19 favour of Job when absolved and restored.

I.†מַחֲלַת TWOT n.f. only in ψ titles עַל־מ׳ ψ 53:1; 88:1; appar. a catchword in a song, giving name to tune; meaning dub.; Aq. Symm. B מְחֹלֹת dance; v. Ol ^{Psalmen, p. 27} Bae ^{Psalmen, p. xviii}.

III. חלה TWOT (adorn; cf.Arabic حَلَى (ḥalā) adorn, حَلْىٌ (ḥalyun) (neck-)ornament).

†i. חֲלִי S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. ornament, נֶזֶם זָהָב וַחֲלִי־כָּ֑תֶם Pr 25:12 a (nose- or ear-) ring of gold and (neck- or breast-) ornament of fine gold; pl. חֲלָאִים Ct 7:2, in sim. of grace and beauty.

†ii. חֲלִי S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. in Asher Jos 19:25, site unknown (v. conject. in Di).

†[חֶלְיָה S TWOT GK] n.f. jewelry, נִזְמָהּ וְחֶלְיָתָהּ Ho 2:15 (v. Now Che).

†חֲלַח S GK n.pr.loc. a city or district under Assyrian control, whither Isr. captives were taken 2 K 17:6 = 18:11, 1 Ch 5:26, cf. Ḫalaḫḫu in Mesopotamia, Schr on 2 K 17:8; > Hal ^{Mél. Epigr. 1874, 70} Cilicia ( = Ph. חלך, Lag^{. i. 211}, Assyrian Ḫilakku, Lyon ^Sargontexte) Lag ⁵⁷.

†חַלְחוּל S GK n.pr.loc. town in Judah, Jos 15:58 Lag ^{119. 7, 2nd ed. 152} Elul in tribu Iuda, cf. Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl, 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles) N. from Hebron, v. Di (and reff.) Bla Rob ^{iii. 281 f.} Guérin ^{Judée iii. 284 ff.}

חַלְחָלָה S TWOT GK n.f. v. i. חול.

†[חָלַט S TWOT GK] vb. only וַיַּחְלְטוּ הֲמִמֶּנּוּ 1 K 20:33, read prob. וַיַּחְלְטוּהָ מִמֶּנּוּ (cf. G ἀνέλεξαν τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ and Sta ^{i. 445f.}) and they snatched it from him, caught the word from his lips; Sta ^529a as Qal; Kö^{. 251} Ges ^{53. 3 R 4} and most as Hiph., with—ִ om.

חלך TWOT (√ of foll.; poss. (si vera l.) cf. Arabic حَلَكَ (ḥalaka) be black (passing into fig. sense, unfortunate, in Heb.), v. Bae ψ 10:8; cf. Aramaic חֲשׁוֹךְ).

†חֵֽלְכָה S TWOT GK read חַלְכֶּה, חֶלְכֶּה, or חָלְכֶּה, adj. hapless, unfortunate, only as subst. hapless, luckless one(s)—לְחֵֽלְכָה ψ 10:8, G εἰς τὸν πένητα, S T; חֵלֶ֑כָה 10:14 G ὁ πτωχός; חלכאים 10:10 Kt, read pl. חַלְכָּאִים (חֶל׳, חָל׳); Qr חֵל כָּאִים, G τῶν πενήτων. In all text and meaning dub. (MT reads חֵלְכָה = חֵילְךָ thine army; and חֵל כָּאִים v 10 army of dejected ones, but this against usage of חֵל, and no such fig. sense of חַיִל, v. Ol Hup De Bae Che, and crit. n.)

†I. חָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} vb. bore, pierce (Arabic خَلَّ (ḫalla) perforate, pierce through, transfix, Ethiopic ኅለት (ḫəllat) (hollow) reed; Aramaic חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; ܚܠܻܝܠܴܐ (ḥlilo) adj. hollow, ܚܠܳܠܴܐ (ḥlolo) cave, ܚܶܠܬܳܐ (ḥelto) sheath, etc.; NH in deriv. חָלָל n. hollow, adj. slain, חָלִיל pipe);—Qal Pf. לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me ψ 109:22 (? lit. one has pierced my heart; or read Pu. חֻלַּל?); Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא ψ 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound my woe; Hu. Pe Bi Che read חֲלוֹתִי my sickness). Pi. Pt. pl. (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ez 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co read מְחוֹלְלֶ֑ךָ). Pu. Pt. מְחֻלֲלֵי הֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ez 32:26. Po˓el. Pf. 3 fs. חֹלֲלָה יָדוֹ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Jb 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; רַב־מְחוֹלֵל כֹּל Pr 26:10 an archer piercing all (v. חול) Pt. f. מְחוֹלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Is 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Po˓al. Pt. מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Is 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, || מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ).

i. חָלָל S TWOT^, GK^, ₉₀ n.m. pierced, ח׳ abs. Dt. 21:1 + 25 times; cstr. חֲלַל Nu 19:16; pl. חֲלָלִים Nu 23:24 + 28 times; cstr. חַלְלֵי Is 22:2 + 21 times; sf. חֲלָלֶיךָ ψ 69:27, etc. + 11 times sfs.;— 1. pierced, fatally wounded ψ 69:27 Je 51:52 Ez 26:15; 30:24 La 2:12 Jb 24:12. 2. slain Nu 19:18; 31:8, 19 (P), etc.; sg. coll. 2 S 23:8, 18 = 1 Ch 11:11, 20 Ez 6:7; 30:11, etc., but usually pl. Gn 34:27 1 S 17:52 (RV wounded) Je 51:49, etc.; †חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Is 22:2 Je 14:18 Ez 31:17, 18; 32:20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 Zp 2:12 La 4:9; חַלְלֵי רעב La 4:9; חַלְלֵי יהוה Is 66:16 Je 25:33.

†חַלָּה S TWOT GK n.f. a kind of cake (prob. as perforated, v. Di Lv 2:4)—ח׳ abs. Nu 15:20 Lv 24:5; cstr. חַלַּת Ex 29:23 + 4 times; pl. חַלּוֹת Lv 2:4 + 2 times; חַלֹּת Ex 29:2 + 3 times—used in offerings: 1. at the sacrif. of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering 2 S 6:19. 2. elsewhere only P (H Lv 24:5⁽⁾): a. of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy place, made of סלת Lv 24:5⁽⁾. b. made of ראשׁית ערסת as an offering of first-fruits Nu 15:20. c. of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the עוֹלָה Ex 29:23 = Lv 8:26. d. of מַצָּה burnt on the altar with c Lv 8:26, but usually to be eaten by participants in the several forms of peace-offering Nu 6:19, and as such mingled with oil Ex 29:2 Lv 2:4 7:12⁽⁾ Nu 6:15. e. ח׳ לחם חמץ to be used by the offerer in connexion with the unleavened cakes of d Lv 7:13.

†חַלּוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. Jos 2:18 and f. Ez 40:16 window, abs. הַחַלּוֹן Gn 26:8 + 12 times; cstr. חַלּוֹן Gn 8:6 Pr 7:6; sf. חַלּוֹנָו֯ Ez 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Ez 40:25 + 3 times; cstr. חַלּוֹנֵי 1 K 6:4; sf. חַלּוֹנָי֑ Je 22:14 (defective pl. Ges ^{87 (1)c}, dual Ew ^{177 a}, but read יו סָפוֹן—ָ Mich Hi Gf Or Gie); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Je 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Ez 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹת Ct 2:9 + 3 times; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Gn 8:6 (P) 2 K 13:17; עלה בח׳ Je 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Gn 26:8 Jos 2:15 (J) Ju 5:28 1 S 19:12 2 S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29, 2 K 9:30 Jo 2:9; latticed windows 1 K 6:4 Ez 40:16; 41:16, 26; בּח׳ Jos 2:18, 21 (J) Pr 7:6 Zp 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ 2 K 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Ct 2:9; windows of palace, קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי(ו) Je 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 22, 25⁽⁾, 29, 33, 36, of the temple itself Ez 41:16⁽⁾.

†חָלִיל S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. flute, pipe, ח׳ 1 S 10:5 Is 5:12; 30:29; pl. חֲלִלִים 1 K 1:40 Je 48:36⁽⁾.

†ii. [חָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb.denom. play the pipe, pipe—Qal Pt. pl. וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים ψ 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, cf. AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae al. Pô˓lel Pt. from i. חוּל dancers. Pi. Pt. וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים 1 K 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (cf. Assyrian ḫâlalu, according to Dl in Zim ¹¹⁷).

†[מְחִלָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. hole, מְחִלּוֹת עָפָר holes of the dust Is 2:19 (|| מְעָרוֹת צֻרִים cause of the rocks).

†III. [חָלַל S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (lit. unite, loosen, open, v. Arabic) (Arabic خَلَّ (ḫalla) untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; iv. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; NH חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), cf. Aramaic חֲלַל; ܚܰܠܶܠ (ḥalel) Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ (˒aḥel) Aph. is profane)—Niph. Pf. נִחָ֑ל Ez 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (-תִּי Co) Ez 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ez 7:24; Impf. יֵחָ֑ל Is 48:11, תֵּחֵל Lv 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ez 22:26; Inf. הֵחֵל Ez 20:9, 14, 22, sf. לְהֵחַלּוֹ Lv 21:4.— 1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself a. ritually, by contact with deal || טמא, Lv 21:4 (H) b. sexually || זנה Lv 21:9 (H). 2. Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ez 7:24; 25:3, name of God Ez 20:9, 14, 22 Is 48:11 and even God himself Ez 22:16, 26. Pi. Pf. חִלֵּל Lv 19:8 + 3 times; sf. חִלְּלוֹ Dt 20:6; 2 ms. חִלַּלְתָּ Gn 49:4 + 3 times; 2 fs. חִלָּ֑לְתְּ Ez 22:8; 3 pl. sf. חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ez 7:21 etc., + 16 times Pf.; Impf. יְחַלֵּל Lv 21:12, 15, 23; sf. יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Dt 20:6; pl. יְחַלְּלוּ Lv 21:6 + 4 times, יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ ψ 89:32 etc., + 13 times Impf.; Inf. חַלֵּל Am 2:7 + 4 times; חַלְּלוֹ Ez 23:39 + 4 times; חַלְּלָם Je 16:18; Pt. מְחַלֵּל Ez 24:21 pl. מְחַלְּלִים Mal 1:12 Ne 13:17; sf. מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Ex 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Lv 21:9;— 1. defile, pollute: a. sexually, Gn 49:4 (poem) = 1 Ch 5:1 (the father’s bed); a woman = זנה Lv 19:29; 21:9 (H); זַרְעוֹ Lv 21:15 (H). b. ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Ex 20:25 (JE); sacred places Lv 21:12, 23 (H), Ez 7:21, 22⁽⁾, 23:39; 24:21; 44:7 Zp 3:4 Mal 2:11 ψ 74:7 Dn 11:31; the holy land Je 16:18; sacred things Lv 19:8; 22:9, 15 (H) Nu 18:32 (P) Ez 22:26; the sabbath Ex 31:14 (P), Is 56:2, 6 Ez 20:13, 16, 21, 24; 22:8; 23:38 Ne 13:17, 18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ez 28:7, 16, 18. c. the name of God Lv 18:21; 19:12; 20:3; 21:6; 22:2, 32 (all H), Am 2:7 Je 34:16 Ez 20:39; 36:20, 21, 22, 23 Mal 1:12, God himself Ez 13:19. d. י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Is 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Is 43:28. 2. violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj., crown of Davidic kingdom ψ 89:40 (sq. לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah La 2:2; the גאון כל צבי Is 23:9. 3. violate a covenant ψ 55:21; 89:35 Mal 2:10, the חקות of God ψ 89:32. 4. treat a vineyard as common (v. חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Dt 20:6⁽⁾; 28:30 Je 31:5 (v. the law Lv 19:23–25, H). Pu. Pt. שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְֿחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם Ez 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations. Hiph. 1. a. Impf. לֹא אַחֵל אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד Ez 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; cp. 20:9. b. לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Nu 30:3 (P). 2. begin, Pf. הֵחֵל Gn 6:1 + 15 times, הֵחֵ֫לָּה Ju 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Dt 3:24 Est 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Dt 2:31 1 S 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezr 3:6 + 6 times; Impf. יָחֵל Ju 10:18; 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Gn 9:20 + 5 times, 3 fs. וַ֫תָּחֶל Ju 13:25; 16:19, 2 ms. תָּחֵל Dt 16:9, אָחֵל Dt 2:25 Jos 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ju 20:31 + 3 times, וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Gn 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ez 9:6; Imv. הָחֵל Dt 2:24, 31; Inf. cstr. הָחֵל 1 S 3:12 + 2 times; sf. הַחִלָּם Gn 11:6; Pt. מֵחֵל Je 25:29;—begin, Nu 17:11, 12 (P) Dt 16:9 2 Ch 29:27⁽⁾; so 2 S 24:15 G We Dr. (G inserts וְהַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. Inf. (ל) begin to Gn 41:54 (E), Gn 6:1; 10:8 = 1 Ch 1:10, Gn 11:6 Nu 25:1 (all J), Dt 2:25, 31; 3:24; 16:9 Jos 3:7 (D), Ju 10:18; 13:5, 25; 16:19, 22; 20:31, 39, 40 1 S 3:2; 14:35; 22:15 2 K 10:32; 15:37 1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 3:1, 2; 29:17; 31:7, 10, 21; 34:3⁽⁾ Ezr 3:6 Ne 4:1 Est 6:13; 9:23; Je 25:29 Jon 3:4; c. ו consec. Gn 9:20 (J) Ezr 3:8; c. בְּ begin with Gn 44:12 (J), Ez 9:6, 2 Ch 20:22; so 2 S 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ GL We Dr; c. מן begin from Ez 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Dt 2:24, 31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1 S 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing my full purpose, v. Dr). Hoph. Pf. אָו הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun ( = men began) to call on the name of י׳ Gn 4:26 (J).

Note.—וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Ho 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi al.; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. v. also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Bab.—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ew וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; G וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Che We, this probably best.

†חֹל S TWOT^, GK n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל 1 S 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v 6; in concrete sense, opp. קֹדֶשׁ Lv 10:10 (P), Ez 22:26; 42:20; 44:23; 48:15.

ii. †חָלָל S TWOT^, GK^, adj. profaned;—חָלָל רָשָׁע (read cstr. חֲלַל SS) profaned, dishonoured wicked one Ez 21:30 (so AV Thes MV SS Co Or; but RV Hä deadly wounded, Ew Sm fallen, slain); pl. cstr. חַלְלֵי רְשָׁעִים Ez 21:34; fs. חֲלָלָה of woman sexually dishonoured Lv 21:7; 14 (H; || זָנָה).

†חָלִילָה S TWOT GK subst. c. ה loc., used as exclam. lit. ad profanum! i.e. far be it (for me, thee, etc.)! (v. Ba ¹³⁶)—ח׳ Gn 44:7 + 17 times, חָלִלָה Gn 18:25 + 2 times—alone, 1 S 14:45; 20:2; elsewhere c. לְ pers.: Gn 18:25b (J), 1 S 2:30; 20:9; 22:15; + מִן and inf. of act deprecated Gn 18:25a; 44:7, 17 (all J), Jos 24:16 (E), 1 S 12:23 2 S 23:17; + מִמֶּנּוּ ל (peculiarly) Jos 22:29 (P; = from it, even to rebel); + אִם ( = surely not) 2 S 20:20 (ח׳ ח׳), Jb 27:5; strengthened idiom. by מיהוה, ח׳לִי מִיּ׳ sq. מִן and inf. 1 S 26:11 1 K 21:3 + 2 S 23:17 (read מיהוה, GL S T) = 1 Ch 11:19 (מאלהי) sq. אִם 1 S 24:7; ח׳ לָאֵל מֵרֶשַׁע Jb 34:10.

†תְּחִלָּה S TWOT GK n.f. beginning, הַתְּחִלָּה Ne 11:17 (read הַתְּהִלָּה G B SS Öt), בַּתְּחִלָּה Gn 13:3 + 10 times; cstr. תְּחִלַּת Ho 1:2 Pr 9:10 Ec 10:13, בִּתְחִלַּת 2 K 17:25 + 4 times, תְחִלַּת 2 S 21:9, מִתְּחִלַּת 2 S 21:10:—cstr. with nouns תּ׳ חָכְמָה Pr 9:10 the beginning, first principle of wisdom תּ׳ דִּבְרֵי Ec 10:13 the first word, sq. rel. clause תּ׳ דִּבֶּר י׳ at the beginning of, Yahweh spake ( = when Yahweh first spake) Ho 1:2; preceded by prep. מִן 2 S 21:10, elsewhere by בְּ in beginning, of the harvest Ru 1:22 2 S 21:9 (Qr), of the kingdom Ezr 4:6, of their dwelling there 2 K 17:25, of supplications Dn 9:23, of the shooting up of vegetation Am 7:1, כְּבַתְּ׳ as in the beginning Is 1:26; בַּתְּ׳ at first, first in order Ju 1:1; 20:18⁽⁾ 2 S 17:9; at the first, first (or former) time, i.e. first in a series of occurrences, Gn 13:3 (J), 41:21 (E), 43:18, 20 (J), Dn 8:1; 9:21.

†I. [חָלַם S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. be healthy, strong (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ (ḥlam) Ethp. be made healthy, strong Aph. causat., also deriv.; חֲלַם press firmly together)—Qal Impf. יַחְלְמוּ בְנֵיהֶם Jb 39:4 their young are healthy. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. וְתַחֲלִימֵנִי Is 38:16 and restore me to health (|| וְהַחְיֵ֫ינִי).

†חֵ֫לֶם S^, TWOT GK n.pr.m. (strength)—a returned exile Ze 6:14 = חֶלְדַּי v 10.

†II. חָלַם S TWOT^, GK^, vb. dream (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ (ḥlam); חֲלַם; Ethiopic ሐለመ (ḥalama) Arabic حَلَمَ (ḥalama), dream, experience an emission of the seminal fluid, attain to puberty)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 42:9 Dn 2:1, חָלַמְתִּי Gn 37:9 + 3 times, חָלָ֑מְתִּי Gn 37:6 + 2 times, etc., + 3 times Pf.; Impf. יַחֲלֹם Is 29:8 + 5 times, יַחְלְמוּ Jb 39:4, וַיַּחַלְמוּ Gn 40:5, יַּחֲלֹמ֑וּן Jo 3:1, נַחַלְמָה Gn 41:11, Pt. חוֹלֵם Dt 13:4, חֹלֵם Gn 41:1 Dt 13:2, 6, חֹלְמִים ψ 126:1—dream: a. of ordinary dreams of sleep Is 29:8⁽⁾ ψ 126:1. b. of dreams with prophetic meaning: of Jacob Gn 28:12, Joseph Gn 37:5, 6, 9⁽⁾, 10; 42:9, of Pharaoh and his servants Gn 40:5, 8; 41:1, 5, 11⁽⁾, 15 (all E, not elsewhere in Hex.); of Midianite Ju 7:13, Nebuchad. Dn 2:1, 3, old men in latter days Jo 3:1. c. of dreams of false prophets Dt 13:2, 4, 6 Je 23:25⁽⁾. Hiph. Pt. מַחְלְמִים dream (of false prophets, c. acc. cogn.) Je 29:8 (but read חֹלְמִים [‍מ‍ by dittogr. from אַתֶּם], Hi Gf Gie Gr).

†חֲלוֹם S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 37:10 dream;—ח׳ abs. Gn 37:5 +, cstr. Gn 20:3, חֲלֹם abs. Gn 20:6, cstr. 31:24; sf. חֲלוֹמִי Gn 40:9, 16, חֲלֹמִי Gn 41:17, 22, חֲלֹמוֹ Gn 40:5 + 5 times; pl. חֲלֹמוֹת Je 23:32 + 10 times etc., + 7 times sf.—dream