†I. חָלַק S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. divide, share (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלַק field, חוּלְּקָא portion, ܚܠܰܩ (ḥlaq) divide, determine, decree; Arabic خَلَقَ (ḫalaqa) measure, measure off; Assyrian eḳlu, possession, field, Jäger ^{ii. 296}; Ethiopic ኈለቈ (ḫʷallaqʷa) i. 2, is enumerate, ኍልቍ, ኊለቅ (ḫʷəlqʷ, ḫʷilaq) enumeration, number)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Dt 4:19 + 5 times; חָֽלְקוּ Jos 18:2; Impf. יַחֲלֹק Jb 27:17 Pr 17:2; 2 ms. sf. וַתַּחְלְקֵם Ne 9:22; 3 pl. וַיַּחְלְקוּ Jos 14:5; יַחֲלֹ֑קוּ 1 S 30:24; וַיַּחְלְקוּם 1 Ch 24:4, 5; תַּחְלְקוּ 2 S 19:30; Imv. חִלְקוּ Jos 22:8; Inf. לַחֲלֹק Ne 13:13; Pt. חוֹלֵק Pr 29:24;— 1. divide, apportion, sq. acc. (of gods) and לְ pers. Dt 4:19; 29:25; acc. not expressed Ne 13:13 (ref. to offerings and tithes); c. acc. (of land) Jos 14:5 (P), 18:2 (JE), 2 S 19:30: obj. people Ne 9:22; ח׳ עִם divide with others Jos 22:8 (D?). 2. assign, distribute: Levites over (על) temple 2 Ch 23:18, cf. 1 Ch 24:4, 5. 3. assign, impart, sq. בַּבִּינָה & לְ Jb 39:17. 4. share (in), sq. acc. silver Jb 27:17; inheritance Pr 17:2; spoil 1 S 30:24 (obj. om.); sq. עם have shares with ח׳ עם גַּנָּב Pr 29:24. 5. divide up = plunder the temple, sq. acc. 2 Ch 28:21 (v. Be). Niph. Impf. יֵחָלֵק Nu 26:55 1 K 16:21; יֵחָ֫לֶק Jb 38:24; וַּיֵּחָלֵק Gn 14:15; 3 fs. תֵּחָלֵק Nu 26:53; 26:56; וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵם (Baer) 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3 cf. Be & infr. sub Pi.;— 1. reflex., divide oneself Gn 14:15 (i.e. one’s men). 2. pass. be divided: a. apportioned, the land Nu 26:53, 55 (by lot) v 56 (id.); all P. b. of people, divided into two factions 1 K 16:21. c. of light, parted, spread abroad Jb 38:24. 3. trans. assign, distribute 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3, but trans. Niph. is unlikely, v. infr. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. חִלֵּקוּ Jo 4:2; וְחִלַּקְתֶּם consec. Ez 47:21; sf. חִלְּקָם La 4:16; 3 fs. sf. חִלְּקַ֫תָּה Is 34:17; 2 ms. sf. וְחִלַּקְתָּם Ex 5:1;—Impf. יְחַלֵּק Gn 49:27 + 4 times, etc.; prob. read יְחַלְּקֵם 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3 (v. supr. Niph.), etc.; Imv. חַלֵּק Jos 13:7; Inf. חַלֵּק Jos 19:51 Pr 16:19; sf. חַלְּקָם Is 9:2— 1. divide, apportion: food, at festival 2 S 6:19, sq. acc. & לְ = 1 Ch 16:3, garments ψ 22:19, sorrows Jb 21:17 (no לְ); give a portion to, sq. לְ (no acc. expr.) Is 53:12; a land Jo 4:2 (no ind. obj.) Jos 19:51 (P), also Mi 2:4, ψ 60:8 = 108:8, Dn 11:39; sq. acc. & לְ Jos 13:7; 18:10 1 K 18:6 Is 34:17 Ez 47:21; divide hair (symbol.) Ez 5:1; divide spoil (שָׁלָל) Is 9:2 Pr 16:19 Gn 49:27 (poem), Ex 15:9 (song); Ju 5:30 ψ 68:13 Is 53:12. 2. assign, distribute: Levites to their service, prob. 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3 (v. supr.) 3. scatter, sq. acc. Gn 49:7 (poem) (|| הפיץ), La 4:16. Pu. Pf. חֻלַּק Is 33:23; וְחֻלַּק consec. Zc 14:1; Impf. 3 fs. תְּחֻלָּ֑ק Am 7:17; be divided, of land Am 7:17; spoil Is 33:23 Zc 14:1. Hithp. Pf. וְהִתְחַלְּקוּ consec. Jos 18:5 divide (land) among themselves. Hiph. Inf. לַחֲלִק Je 37:12; to receive a portion (denom. from חֵלֶק), but dub.

†i. חֵ֫לֶק S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Jos 18:5 portion, tract, territory—ח׳ abs. Gn 31:14 +; cstr. Gn 14:24 +; sf. חֶלְקִי ψ 16:5 + 6 times; חֶלְקְךָ Nu 18:20 Ec 9:9; חֶלְקֶ֑ךָ ψ 50:18; חֶלְקֵךְ Is 57:6; חֶלְקוֹ Hb 1:16 + 5 times; חֶלְקָם Gn 14:24 + 3 times; pl. חֲלָקִים Jos 18:5 + 5 times; sf. חֶלְקֵיהֶם Ho 5:7;— 1. portion, share: a. of booty Gn 14:24⁽⁾ Nu 31:36 (P) 1 S 30:24⁽⁾. b. of food Lv 6:10 (P); ח׳ כּח׳ יאכלו Dt 18:8; = food Hb 1:16 (|| מַאֲכָל); so (of unrestricted charity) Ec 11:2 v. Now. c. sq. בְּ, share or interest in Ec 9:6, with idea of obligation to Gn 31:14 (E; in father’s house), 2 S 20:1 = 1 K 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16 (in royal line; all || נַחֲלָה); of right (privilege) in ח׳ ביהוה Jos 22:25, 27 (P); Ne 2:20 (in Jerus.; + צְדָקָה וְזִכָּרוֹן). d. proper share or part אַעֲנֶה חֶלְקִי Jb 32:17 i.e. I will do my part in replying. Especially 2. portion, tract, of land: a. as distrib. at conquest Jos 19:9, seven portions 18:5, 6, 9 (all JE) v 7 (JE; + נחלה in || cl.), 15:13; 19:9 (both P); none for tribe of Levi Dt 10:9; 12:12; 14:27, 29; 18:1 Jos 18:7 (all D; || נחלה), Jos 14:4 (P), none for priests Nu 18:20 (P; || vb. נחל). b. of land possessed by people Ho 5:7 Mi 2:4. c. portion to be assigned after exile Is 61:7 Ez 45:7; 48:8, 21, חֶלְקוֹ עַל־אַדְמַת הַקֹּרֶשׁ Zc 2:16. d. specif. of town-land, district about a town, ח׳ יִזְרְעֵאל 2 K 9:10, 36 + 1 K 21:23 (MT חֵל), הַשָּׁדֶה בְּח׳ יִזְ׳ 2 K 9:37. e. הַחֵלֶק Am 7:4 (opp. תְּהוֹם) appar. of land of Isr. 3. hence portion, i.e. (acquired) possession: a. of people as י׳’s possession Dt 32:9 (|| חֶבֶל נחלתו); but especially b. of י׳ as possession of his servants: of priests, as enjoying perquisites of altar Nu 18:20 (P; || נחלה), in spiritual sense ψ 73:26; 119:57 La 3:24; י׳ מְנָת חֶלְקִי ψ 16:5; ח׳ בְּאֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים 142:6; hence ח׳ יעקב of י׳ Je 10:16 = 51:19 (שֵּׁבֶט נַחֲלָתוֹ in || cl.) 4. chosen portion, habitual mode of life עִם־מְנָאֲפִים ח׳ ψ 50:18 with adulterers is thy chosen life (companionship, shewing character); בְּחַלְּקֵי־נַחַל חֶלְקֵךְ Is 57:6 among smooth (things i.e. stones) of a brook-bed is thy chosen life (of idolatrous habit; v. חָלָק); חֶלְקָם בַּחַיִּים ψ 17:14. 5. portion, award, from God ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ Jb 31:2 (|| נחלה); specif. of punishment of wicked Is 17:14 (|| גּוֹרָל), עִם־אֵל Jb 27:13, מֵאֱלֹהִים 20:29 (|| נחלה); = profit, reward, חֶלְקִי מִכָּל־עֲמָלִי Ec 2:10, cf. v 21; 3:22 5:17, 18; 9:9.—לְחֵלֶק Jb 17:5 is dub.: a share of feast, or of booty, Kmp Hi; a prey, spoil, Ew Di Da; AV flattery does not suit context.

†ii. חֵ֫לֶק S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. (portion) a Gileadite Nu 26:30 Jos 17:2. G Χελεγ, (κ), Κελεζ, etc.; GL Jos 17:2 Ελεκ.

†חֶלְקִי S GK adj.gent. of foreg.; only c. art. as subst. coll. after מִשְּׁפַּחַת Nu 26:30.

†i. חֶלְקָה S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. portion of ground;—abs. ח׳ Am 4:7⁽⁾ + 8 times; cstr. חֶלְקַת Gn 33:19 + 12 times; sf. חֶלְקָתִי Je 12:10; חֶלְקָתָם Jb 24:18; portion of ground, 1. especially a. ח׳ הַשָּׂדֶה = the clearly divided field Gn 33:19 Jos 24:32 (both E), 2 S 23:11 Ru 2:3; 4:3 2 K 9:25 1 Ch 11:13. Also b. without השׂדה Am 4:7⁽⁾, 2 S 14:30⁽⁾, 31; 23:12; 2 K 3:19, 25; 9:21, 26⁽⁾ 1 Ch 11:14 Jb 24:18; of י׳’s land Je 12:10⁽⁾ (|| כַּרְמִי); cf. also n.pr.loc. חלקת הַצֻּרִים 2 S 2:16 field of sword-edges (Dr). G Ew ^{iii. 156, 114} We read ח׳ הַצֹּדִים field of plotters or liers-in-wait (v. Dr). 2. portion of ground assigned to one, ח׳ מחקק Dt 33:21 commander’s portion.

†[חֲלֻקָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. part, portion, חֲלֻקַּת בֵּית־אָב לַלְוִיִּם 2 Ch 35:5.

†חֶלְקָ֑י S GK n.pr.m. priest, time of Joiakim son of Jeshua, Ne 12:15 (perhaps abbrev. for חלקיהו, (q.v.), GL Χελκιας (B om.)

†חֶלְקָ֫ת n.pr.loc. (portion, possession) city in Asher Jos 21:31, G Χελκατ, A Θελκαθ, GL Χαλκαθ, = חֶלְקַת 19:25 G Ελεκεθ, A Χελκαθ, GL Ελκαθ.

†חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים S GK n.pr.loc. a place near pool of Gibeon where Ishbosheth’s men were killed by Dvd.’s men under Joab 2 S 2:16, G Μέρις τῶν ἐπιβούλων; on meaning of name v. i חֶלְקָה supr.

†חִלְקִיָּהוּ S GK, חִלְקִיָּה S GK n.pr.m. (my portion is י׳) G usually Χελκ(ε)ιας, Χελχιας;— 1. father of Eliakim, Hezekiah’s officer, חלקיהו 2 K 18:18, 26 Is 22:20; 36:3, 22; חלקיה 2 K 18:37. 2. high priest, Josiah’s time, חלקיהו 2 K 22:4, 8, 14; 23:4, 24 2 Ch 34:9, 14, 15⁽⁾, 18, 20, 22; חלקיה 2 K 22:8, 10, 12 1 Ch 5:39⁽⁾ 9:11 2 Ch 35:8 Ezr 7:1, cf. also Ne 11:11. 3. חלקיהו father of Jerem Je 1:1.—The foll. are all חלקיה: 4. Levites: a. 1 Ch 6:30. b. 1 Ch 26:11. 5. a priest, contemp. of Ezra Ne 8:4; 12:7, 21. 6. father of Gemariah, an ambassador of Zedekiah to Nebuchadrezzar Je 29:3.

מַחֲלֹ֫קֶת S TWOT GK n.f. division, course (almost wholly Chr.)—מ׳ abs. 1 Ch 27:1, 2; cstr. 1 Ch 27:4; sf. מַחֲלֻקְתּוֹ 1 Ch 27:2 + 14 times 1 Ch 27; abs. מַחְלְקוֹת 1 Ch 23:6 + 6 times Ch + 1 S 23:28 (v. infr.); cstr. id. 1 Ch 26:12 + 5 times Ch + Ne 11:36; sf. מַהְלְקוֹתֵיכֶם 2 Ch 35:4; מַחְלְקוֹתֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:16, 17; מַחְלְקוֹתָם 1 Ch 24:1 + 3 times in Ch; מַחְלְקֹתָם Jos 11:23; 12:7; 18:10 Ez 48:29;— 1. division, part, of land assigned to the several tribes of Isr. Jos 11:23; 12:7 (both D) 18:10 (JE; others, divisions of Isr., but v.) Ez 48:29. 2. techn. term of organization of priests and Levites (late), 1 Ch 23:6; 24:1; 26:1, 12, 19 2 Ch 8:14⁽⁾; 31:2⁽⁾; 35:4, 10 Ne 11:36 + 25 times in Ch., + (of royal officials) 1 Ch 28:1.—סֶלַע הַמַּחְלְקוֹת n.pr. 1 S 23:28 was popularly connected with this √, = rock of divisions, where Saul and David parted from neighbourhood of each other (Dr) so Vrss Th al.; Bö Klo, where their forces lay divided from each other; orig. connex. was perhaps with II. חלק, smooth, slippery; Ges De W Ke al. expl. here as rock of escapes, but this meaning for חלק dubious.

II. חָלַק S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. be smooth, slippery (NH adj. חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ (ḫalaqa) make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Ho 10:2; 3 mpl. חָֽלְקוּ ψ 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only fig.: Ho 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ew Ke Wü Now RVm), We false; > Vrss (not G) Hi St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; G ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth ψ 55:22 i.e. deceptive (|| רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱלִיק ψ 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; Impf. יַחֲלִיקוּן ψ 5:10; Pt. מַחֲלִיק Pr 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth: 3. lit. of idol-maker Is 41:7 c. acc. instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer. 4. fig. the tongue, i.e. flatter with it ψ 5:10 Pr 28:23, words, Pr 2:16; 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; abs. deal smoothy, sq. אֶל־ ψ 36:3, עַל Pr 29:5.

†iii. חֵ֫לֶק S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.[m.] smoothness, seductiveness of speech, only sg. cstr. בְּחֵלֶק שְׂפָתֶיהָ תַּדִּיחֶ֑נּוּ Pr 7:21 with the seductiveness of her lips she impelleth him (|| הִטַּתּוּ בְּרֹב לִקְחָהּ).—i. and ii. חֵלָק v. sub I. חלק.

†חָלָק S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, adj. smooth— 1. lit. אִישׁ חָלָק Gn 27:11 (J), smooth man (opp. אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Jos 11:17; 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.’s conquest, identif. dub.; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. from Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, v. Di; as subst. חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Is 57:6 (v. i. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), i.e. thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., v. Che Di). 2. fig. of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Pr 5:3 cf. 26:28. 3. as subst. = flattery מִקְסַם חָלָק Ez 12:24 divination of flattery or of a flatterer.

†ii. [חֶלְקָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] n.f. smooth part, smoothness, flattery;—cstr. חֶלְקַת Gn 27:16 Pr 6:24; pl. חֲלָקוֹת ψ 12:3 + 3 times;— 1. smoothness, smooth part חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו Gn 27:16. 2. pl. slippery places ψ 73:18 fig. of situation of wicked. 3. smoothness = flattery שְׂפַת ח׳ ψ 12:3, cf. v 4; חֶלְקַת לָשׁוֹן Pr 6:24; = subst. pl. smooth things, i.e. agreeable, flattering things Is 30:10.—i. חֶלְקָה v. sub I. חלק.

†[חַלֻּק S TWOT GK] adj. smooth, only pl. cstr. חַלֻּקֵי אֲבָנִים 1 S 17:40 smooth ones of (among) stones = smooth (or smoothest?) stones Ges^{§ 132 R 2. 133, 3} Dr.

†[חֲלַקָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. smoothnes, flattery, only pl. abs.: fine promises, יַחֲנִיף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת Dn 11:32 (perhaps directly from חָלָק, exceptional pl., cf. גְּמַלִּים, קְטַנָּה, קְטַנִּים, קְטַנּוֹת).

†חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת S TWOT GK n.pl.f.abstr. smoothness, slipperiness, flattery, fine promises; 1. slipperiness יהי־דרכם חשׁך וַחֲלַקְלַקֹּת ψ 35:6; יהיה דרכם להם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת Je 23:12. 2. fine promises והחזיק מלכוּת בַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת Dn 11:21; cf. 11:34.

†מַחְלְקוֹת S GK n.f.pl. smoothness, סֶלַע הַמּ׳ 1 S 23:28 rock of smoothness, i.e. slippery rock, perhaps original meaning of this n.pr., v. further מַחֲלֹקֶת sub I. חלק.

†[חָלַשׁ S TWOT GK^, ] vb. 1. be weak, prostrate. 2. (si vera l.) weaken, disable, prostrate (Aramaic חֲלַֹשׁ be weak; ܚܰܠܳܫ (ḥaloš), חַלָּשׁ weak, as in Heb.; Arabic مُحْلِس (muḥlis) poor (Frey))—Qal Impf. וַיַּחֲלֹשׁ Ex 17:13, וַיֶּחֱלָ֑שׁ Jb 14:10; Pt. חוֹלֵשׁ Is 14:12; 1. וגבר ימות ויח׳ Jb 14:10 but man dieth and is prostrate. 2. disable, prostrate, sq. acc. pers. Ex 17:13 (E; point as Hiph.?); sq. עַל pers. (strangely) Is 14:12.

†חַלָּשׁ S TWOT GK adj. weak, only c. art. as subst., הַחַלָּשׁ יאמר גבור אני Jo 4:10 the weak, let him say, I am a mighty man.

†חֲלוּשָה n.f. weakness prostration, אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Ex 32:18 it is not the sound of the answering of weakness (JE; opp. גְּבוּרָה).

†i. חָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.pers.m. and loc. (cf. Sab. חם Hal²⁴³)—G Χαμ:— 1. Ham, 2nd son of Noah Gn 5:32; 6:10; 7:13; 9:18⁽⁾ 1 Ch 1:4; called father of Canaan Gn 9:22 and of various peoples 10:1, 6, 20 1 Ch 1:8, cf. מִן־חָם הַיּשְׁבִים שָׁם 4:40; these peoples were inhabitants of southern lands, or related historically or politically to such inhabitants; v. כּוּשׁ, כְּנַעַן, מִצְרַיִם, פּוּט, etc. 2. in late ψψ a name (coll.) for Egyptians:—אָֽהֳלֵי־ח׳ ψ 78:51; אֶרֶץ־ח׳ 105:23, 27; 106:22 (all || מִצְרַיִם, exc. 105:27).—On historical significance, and attempts at etymol. v. Di ^{Gen. ed. 6, chap. 10, especially pp. 165, 168 f.}, Hom ^{SV i. 427} Bu ³²³ Wiedemann^{Ägypt. i. 22}.

ii. חָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} husband’s father, v. חמה.

iii. חַם S TWOT GK adj. warm, hot, v. sub חמם.

חֹם S TWOT GK v. sub חמם.

חמא TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَمَا (ḫamā) be hard, used of curdled milk, Frey).

†חֶמְאָה S TWOT GK n.f. curd;—ח׳ Gn 18:8 + 6 times; = חֵמָה Jb 29:6; cstr. חֶמְאַח Dt 32:14; curd, curdled milk, mod. leben on mode of making lebben, by shaking milk in sour milk-skin, v. Doughty ^{i. 221, 263; ii. 304, etc.} Thomson ^{Land and Book ii. 418}. See also ARSK ^Milk. מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא ח׳ Pr 30:33, elsewhere joined with חָלָב Gn 18:8 (J) Dt 32:14 (poem; חֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב צֹאן), Ju 5:25 (where served בְסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים, v. ספל); with דְּבַשׁ 2 S 17:29 Is 7:15, 22⁽⁾; cf. נַחֲלֵי דבשׁ וח׳ fig. of abundance Jb 20:17; בִּרְחֹץ הֲלִיבַי בְּחֵמָ֑ה Jb 29:6 (|| צוּר יָצוּק פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן ׃). מַחֲמָאֹת.

†מַחֲמָאֹת S TWOT GK n.f.pl. curd-like things = smooth, hypocritical, words, only cstr. חָֽלְקוּ מ׳ פִּיו ψ 55:22 smooth are the butter-words of his mouth (Ew De Hup), but read prob. (פניו) חלק(ו) מֵחֲמָאֹת פיו his mouth (face) is smoother than curds (Vrss Ki Thes Ol Che Bae We Du [מֵחֶמְאָה]).

†חֵמָא S TWOT GK v. חֵמָה sub יחם.

†חָמֵד vb. desire, take pleasure in (Aramaic חֲמַד; Syriac ܬܚܡܘܕܐ (tḥmwd˒); Arabic حَمِدَ (ḥamida) praise, eulogize, approve of; Sab. חמדם in gratitude [praise] there-for DHM ^{1875, 595; 1876, 686})—Qal Pf. ח׳ ψ 68:17 Pr 12:12; חָֽמְדוּ Pr 1:22; וְחָֽמְדוּ consec. Mi 2:2; חֲמַדְתֶּם Is 1:29; Impf. יַחְמֹד Ex 34:24; 2 ms. תַּחְמֹד Ex 20:17⁽⁾ + 3 times (incl. Pr 6:25 juss.); sf. וָאֶחְמְדֵם Jos 7:21; וְנֶחְמְדֵ֫הוּ Is 53:2; Pt. pass. חֲמוּדוֹ ψ 39:12 Jb 20:20, חֲמוּדֵיהֶם Is 44:9;—desire: a. in bad sense of inordinate, ungoverned, selfish desire, sq. acc. Ex 20:17⁽⁾ (E) = Dt 5:18 (v 18 b has תִּתְאַוֶּה), Ex 34:24 (JE) Dt 7:25 Jos 7:21 (JE) Mi 2:2 Pr 12:12; of lustful desire Pr 6:25. b. = take pleasure in, of idolatrous tendency Is 1:29, so pt. pl. חֲמוּדֵיהֵם Is 44:9 their delighful things (things in which they delight, v. also v 11 and Bev ^{xvii. 1888, p. 126}); לֵצִים לָצוֹן חָֽמְדוּ Pr 1:22 how long do scorners delight in scorning. c. less often in good sense, said of God הָהָר חָמַד א׳ לְשִׁבְתּוֹ, poet. ψ 68:17; obj. the suffering servant of י׳, Is 53:2 no beauty in him, that we should desire him (choose him, be drawn toward him); pt. pass. coll. חֲמוּדוֹ ψ 39:12 his desired things, i.e. chosen, choice, desirable (v. Niph.); so prob. Jb 20:20. Niph. Pt. נֶחְמָד Gn 2:9 + 2 times; הַנֶּחֱמָדִים ψ 19:11;—desirable: עץ נ׳ לְמַרְאֶה Gn 2:9, נ׳ לְהַשְׂבִּיל 3:6, הַנֶּח׳ מִזָּהָב ψ 19:11 which are more desirable than gold; אוֹצָר נֶחְמָד Pr 21:20 desirable, i.e. costly treasure. Pi. Pf. 1 s. delight greatly בְּצִלּוֹ ח׳ וְיָשַׁ֫בְתִּי Ct 2:3 in his shadow I greatly delighted and sat, i.e. sat with great delight.

†חֶ֫מֶד S TWOT GK n.[m.] desire, delight—abs. ח׳ Am 5:11 + 4 times; only after a cstr.; כַּרְמֵי־ח׳ נְטַעְתֶּם Am 5:11 vineyards of desire (i.e. delightful vineyards) have ye planted; so read also Is 27:2 (for MT כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר) Codd. ℌ G van d. H. Lo Hi Ew De Di Che Du; so of fields שְׂדֵי ח׳ Is 32:12; elsewhere of young men בַּחוּרֵי ח׳ Ez 23:6, 12, 23 desirable young men = fine, attractive, young men.

†חֶמְדָּה S TWOT GK n.f. id.—ח׳ Ho 13:15 + 8 times; cstr. חֶמְדַּת 1 S 9:20 + 3 times; sf. חֶמְדָּתִי Je 12:10; חֶמְדָּתֵךְ Ez 26:12; חֶמְדָּתָם Dn 11:8;—desire of Israel 1 S 9:20 sq. לְ before obj. of desire; בְּלֹא ח׳ = without desire 2 Ch 21:20 (i.e. he lived as no one desired), v. Öt G (not GL) B; concrete: כל־ח׳ ישׂראל 1 S 9:20 and for whom is all that is desirable in Isr.? so G B RV Dr; (> AV and on whom is all the desire of Isr.?); cf. ובאו ח׳ כל־הגוים Hg 2:7 (i.e. the desirable, precious things of all nations); elsewhere after cstr. as הֶמֶד; especially כלי ח׳ Ho 13:15 Na 2:10 Je 25:34 2 Ch 32:27; 36:10 Dn 11:8; שְׂכִיּוֹת ח׳ Is 2:16, אֶרֶץ ח׳ ψ 106:24 Je 3:19 Zc 7:14, cf. חֶלְקַת ח׳ Je 12:10; בתי ח׳ Ez 26:12; ח׳ נשׁים Dn 11:37, appar. ref. to some obj. of idolatrous worship, perhaps Adonis = Tammuz Ew Bev (Astarte, Meinh).

†[חֲמוּדָה] n.f. desirableness, preciousness—Pl. abs. חֲמוּדוֹת Dn 9:23; חֲמוּדֹת Ezr 8:27; חֲמֻדוֹת 2 Ch 20:25 + 4 times; חֲמֻדֹת Gn 27:15; cstr. חֲמֻדוֹת Dn 11:43;—desirable, choice things i.e. garments Gn 27:15 (|| בגדים); cf. Dn 11:38 (|| אבן יקרה), 11:43 (חֲמֻדוֹת מִצְרַיִם); = precious things Ezr 8:27 (as gold); כלי ח׳ 2 Ch 20:25; לֶחֶם ח׳ Dn 10:3; of man only אִישׁ־ח׳ Dn 10:11, 19, and, without אישׁ, ח׳ אָ֑תָּה Dn 9:23 thou art a precious treasure (on construction v. Dr ^{189, 2}; v. Bev and cf. neg. חמד Is 53:2).

†חֶמְדָּן S GK n.pr.m. an Edomite Gn 36:26 G Αμαδα = חַמְרָן 1 Ch 1:41 (G Εμερων, GL Αμαδαμ).

†מַחְמַד n.m. desire, desirable thing—abs. מַחְמַר Ho 9:6; cstr. id. 1 K 20:6 + 3 times Ez; pl. מַחֲמַדַּים Ct 5:16; cstr. מַחֲמַדֵּי La 2:4 Ho 9:16; sf. מַחֲמַדַּי Jo 4:5; מַחֲמַדֵּינוּ Is 64:10; מַחֲמַדֶּיהָ 2 Ch 36:19 La 1:10; מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶם La 1:11 Qr (v. also מַחְמֹד);—desirable, precious things כלי־מ׳ 2 Ch 36:19; sg. coll. Ho 9:6; pl. Jo 4:5 Is 64:10 La 1:10, 11 (Qr), מ׳ בִּטְנָם Ho 9:16; v. especially pl. intens. כֻּלּוֹ מַחֲמַדִּים Ct 5:16 all of him is delightfulness (|| מַמְתַֿקִּים); elsewhere מַחְמַד עינים desire of the eyes, i.e. that in which the eyes take delight 1 K 20:6 Ez 24:16 (of proph.’s wife), v 21, 25; pl. La 2:4.

†[מַחְמֹד S TWOT GK] n.[m.] desirable, precious thing;—מַחֲמֻדֶיהָ La 1:7, מַחֲמוֹדֵיהֶם La 1:11 Kt (Qr מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶם). Perhaps מַחֲמַדּ׳ to be read in both; cf. Sta ^{273 a}.

I. חמה TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَمَى (ḥamā) protect, guard, RS ¹³⁶ Lag ¹⁵⁶; Dl ^{91 ; ii. 43} comp. an Assyrian emu, surround, guard, cf. Mod. Syriac ܚܡܐ (ḥm˒) id.; Ethiopic ሐመወ (ḥamawa) iii. 1 means contract affinity, be joined by affinity, prob. denom.)

†ii. [חָם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] n.m. husband’s father (NH id., of husband’s or wife’s father, so Aramaic חֲמָא; Arabic حَمٌّ (ḥammun) husband’s male relation (father, brother, paternal uncle), but also wife’s father, etc.; Ethiopic ሐም (ḥam) Assyrian emu, Zim ⁴⁸);—only sf. חָמִ֫יךָ Gn 38:13, 25, of Judah as Tamar’s father-in-law; חָמִ֫יהָ 1 S 4:19, 21 of Eli, father-in-law of Phinehas’ wife.

†[חָמוֹת S TWOT GK] n.f. husband’s mother (NH חָמוֹת, Aramaic חֲמָתָא; Arabic حَمَاةٌ (ḥamātun) husband’s mother; Assyrian emêtu, Zim ⁴⁸; Ethiopic ሐማት (ḥamāt))—only sf. חֲמוֹתֵךְ Ru 2:11; 3:17; חֲמוֹתָהּ Ru 1:14 + 7 times; חֲמֹתָהּ Mi 7:6;—of Naomi Ru 1:14; 2:11, 18, 19⁽⁾, 23; 3:1, 6, 16, 17; בַּת קָמָ֫ה בְאִמָּ֔הּ כַּלָּה בַּחֲמֹתָהּ Mi 7:6.

חוֹמָה S TWOT GK₁₃₃ n.f. wall (as protection; cstr. חמת MI^21.21)—abs. ח׳ Lv 25:29 + 59 times (incl. לְהַחוֹמָה Ne 12:38); חֹמָה Ex 14:29 + 8 times; cstr. חוֹמַת Jos 6:5 + 28 times; sf. חוֹמָתָהּ Na 2:6; 3:8; pl. abs. חוֹמוֹת 2 Ch 8:5 Is 26:1; חֹמוֹת Ct 5:7; cstr. חוֹמוֹת ψ 51:20; חוֹמֹת 2 K 25:10 + 9 times; sf. חוֹמֹתַי Is 56:5; חֹמֹתֶיךָ Dt 28:52 Is 25:12; חוֹמוֹתַיִךְ Ez 26:10, 12; 27:11⁽⁾; חוֹמֹתַיִךְ Is 49:16 + 2 times; חֹמֹתַיִךְ Is 60:10; חֹמוֹתָ֑יִךְ Ez 26:9; חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ Je 50:15; חוֹמֹתֶיהָ ψ 55:11 Je 1:15; du. חוֹמֹתַיִם Is 22:11; חֹמֹתַיִם 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7; חֹמֹתָ֑ים Je 39:4 (v. Ol ^{113 a} Ges ^{87 s});— 1. usually term for wall of city Dt 28:52 Jos 2:15; 6:5, 20 (all JE), 1 S 31:10, 12 2 S 11:20, 21⁽⁾ 2 K 18:26, 27 = Is 36:11, 12, Am 1:7, 10, 14 Is 2:15; 22:10, 11; 25:12 Na 2:6; 3:8 Ez 26:9 +, Je 1:15 +, Jo 2:7, 9; בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerus.) i.e. between the two walls of the Ophel and the SW. hill respectively, of a reservoir Is 22:11, a gate 2 K 25:4 = Je 34:4 = 52:7; symbol of Isr.; Am 7:7; 2 Ch 8:5; 14:6; 25:23; 26:6⁽⁾ ψ 51:20 Ne 1:3 + 31 times in Ne; חוֹמַת אֲנָךְ Am 7:7 (lit. wall of a plummet) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line? We thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֹמָה = walled city, Lv 25:29, עִיר אשׁר לֹא ה׳ v 30 (לֹא = לוֹ), opp. הַחֲצֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח׳ v 31 (all H); more elaborately עָרים בְּצֻרֹת ח׳ גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִ֑יהַ Dt 3:5, cf. 2 Ch 8:5; ע׳ גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחשֶׁת 1 K 4:13; ח׳ בְצוּרָה Is 2:15; ח׳ sg. of wall of Jerus. 1 K 3:1 + often; contempt. חוֹמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Ne 3:35; less often pl. Ne 2:13 +; of specific portions of wall ח׳ הָעֹפֶל 2 Ch 27:3 Ne 3:27; ח׳ בְּרֵכַת הַשֶּׁלַה Ne 3:15; הַח׳ הָֽרֵחָבָה 3:8; 12:38; also (generally) of Babylon Je 51:58.—Men build, בנה, the ח׳ 1 K 9:15 +, especially (of rebuilding), Ne 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Is 22:10; it is joined togethr קשׁר Ne 3:38; is repaired עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח׳ Ne 4:1; it falls נפל Jos 6:5, 20 1 K 20:30 Ez 38:20; the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל 2 S 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera l., v. Dr); destroys it הִשְׁחִית La 2:8; שִׁחֵת Ez 26:4; makes a breach in it פָּרַץ בּ׳ 2 K 14:13 = 2 Ch 25:23, cf. פרץ c. acc. 2 Ch 26:6 Ne 3:35, and וַיִּבֶן אֶת־בל־הח׳ הַפְּרוּצָה 2 Ch 32:5; also (in sim.) עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ת׳ Pr 25:28; and Pu. pt. מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Ne 1:3; one breaks it down נָתַץ 2 K 25:10 2 Ch 36:19 Je 39:8; 52:14; tears it down הָרַס Ez 26:12, cf. pass. Je 50:15; Amos predicts that י׳ will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ Am 1:7, 10; or kindle fire in וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ v 14, so Je 49:27. 2. wall of a building: a. citadel, fortress ח׳ ארמנותיה La 2:7. b. surrounding new temple Ez 40:5; 42:20. 3. fig. of waters of Red Sea Ex 14:22, 29 (P), cf. Na 3:8; of David’s men as protectors of Nabal’s shepherds 1 S 25:16; of prophet as object of assault חוֹמַת נְחשֶׁת Je 1:18; ח׳ נחשׁת בְּצוּרָה Je 15:20; of strong, virtuous woman Ct 8:9, 10; of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Is 26:1 (|| חֵל); of י׳ himself ח׳ אֵשׁ Zc 2:9; a dangerous polit. scheme is called breach in ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה Is 30:13; ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה in sim. of wealth Pr 18:11 (|| קִרְיַת עֻזּוֹ); a reckless man is עִיר פְּרוּזָה אֵין ח׳ Pr 25:28.

†יַחְמַי S GK n.pr.m. (perhaps = יַחְמְיָה may י׳ protect! cf. Sab. יחמאל Hal¹⁸⁷)—a man of Issachar 1 Ch 7:2, G Εμκαν, A Ιεμου, GL Ιαμιν.

†חֲמוּטַל S GK Qr, חמיטל Kt, n.pr.f. (meaning dub.; perhaps, if Kt right, my husband’s father is the dew, cf. אֲבִיטַל)—G Αμειται, Μιτατ; A Αιμταλ, Αμιταθ; GL Αμιταλ;—mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah 2 K 23:31; 24:18 Qr (Kt חמיטל) = Je 52:1 Qr (Kt id.)

חֵמָה S TWOT GK^, wrath, v. sub יחם; חֵמָה Jb 29:6, v. חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֹן, חַמַּת v. sub חמם.

חַמּוּאֵל S GK n.pr.m. v. sub חמם.

חָמוֹת S TWOT GK v. sub חמה supr.

חמט TWOT (√ of foll.; cf Assyrian ḫamâṭu, hasten, Prä ^{1874, 88 ff.}, ḫamṭu, swift, Zim ^{84 n.}; Aramaic חֲמַט, חֲמֵיט is sink or fall to the ground, kneel).

†חֹ֫מֶט S TWOT GK n.[m.] a kind of lizard, only in list of unclean creeping animals Lv 11:30 וְהָאֲנָקָה וְהַכִּחַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹמֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ (Aramaic ܚܽܘܠܡܳܬܳܐ (ḥulmoto) is chameleon).

†חֻמְטָה S GK n.pr.loc. city in Judah Jos 15:54, G Εὐμα, GL Αμματα; site unknown.

חֲמִיטַל S GK v. חמוטל supr.

†חָמַל S^, TWOT^, GK vb. spare (Arabic حَمَلَ (ḥamala) is bear, become responsible; Aramaic ܚܡܰܠ (ḥmal) comportavit, congessit);—Qal Pf. ח׳ 1 S 15:15 + 3 times; חָמָ֑ל 2 S 12:6 La 2:17; חָמָ֑לְתָּ La 2:21; 3:43; וְחָמַלְתִּ֫י Mal 3:17; Impf. יַחְמֹל Jb 16:13 + 6 times; יַחְמוֹל Jb 6:10 + 3 times; וַיַּחְמֹל 1 S 15:9 + 3 times; 3 fs. וַתַּחְמֹל Ex 2:6; 2 ms. תַּחְמֹל Dt 13:9 1 S 15:3; אֶחְמֹל Ez 8:18; 9:10; אֶחְמוֹל Je 13:14 + 4 times; וָאֶחְמֹל Ez 36:21; יַחְמֹ֑לוּ Is 9:18; תַּחְמְלוּ Je 50:14; 51:3; תַּחְמֹ֑לוּ Ez 9:5; Inf. cstr. חֻמְלָה Ez 16:5 (Ges ^{45. 1. b});—spare, have compassion, c. על Ex 2:6 (E), 1 S 15:3, 9, 15; 23:21 2 S 21:7 2 Ch 36:15, 17 Je 15:5 Ez 16:5; 36:21 Jb 20:13 Zc 11:5, 6 Mal 3:17⁽⁾ Jo 2:18; Dt 13:9 (|| חוס sq. על), Je 21:7 (|| חוס sq. על + רהם), Ez 9:10 (|| חוס sq. על according to S T Co); sq. אֶל־ Je 51:3 Is 9:18; note poet. אַל־תַּחֵ׳ אֶל־חֵץ = spare no arrow Je 50:14; sq. Inf. 2 S 12:4; abs. 2 S 12:6 Is 30:14 La 2:17, 21, also v 2 where appar. sq. acc., 3:43 Jb 6:10; 16:13; 27:22 Pr 6:34 Hb 1:17; || חוס Ez 5:11; 7:4 (del. Co as doubl. of v 9), 7:9; 8:18; 9:5; Jer 13:14 (|| אחוס and ארחם).

†חָמוּל S GK n.pr.m. (spared);—grandson of Judah Gn 46:12 = 1 Ch 2:5, Nu 26:1; G Ιεμουηλ, [Ι]αμουηλ.

†חָמוּלִי S GK adj.gent. of foreg.; only c. art. הֶחָ׳, as subst. coll. Nu 26:21.

†[חֶמְלָה S TWOT GK] n.f. compassion, mercy, of י׳ (strictly Inf. form from חמל, v. Ges ^{45, 1 b})—cstr. בְּחֶמְלַת י׳ עָלָיו Gn 19:16 (J), בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ וּבְחֶמְלָתוֹ גְאָלָם Is 63:9.

חֻמְלָה S TWOT GK v. חמל Inf.

†[מַחְמָל S TWOT GK] n.[m.] thing pitied, object of compassion, only cstr. מַחְמַד עיניכם וּמַחְמַל נַפְשְׁכֶם Ez 24:21 object of your eyes’ desire, and of your soul’s compassion.

†[חָמַם S TWOT GK] vb. be or become warm (NH id., Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ (ḥam), חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ (ḥamma) become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)—Qal Pf. חַם ψ 39:4 Ex 16:21; וְחַם consec. 1 K 1:2 Ec 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Is 44:16; Impf. יָחֹם Is 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם 2 K 4:34 Is 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K³) 1 K 1:1; יֵחֲם Dt 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Ec 4:11; 3 fs. תֵּחַם Ez 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Ho 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Gn 30:29; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v 38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.v.; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Thes Ew ^{193 a} Ol ^{243 b}; v. also Kö^{. 365, 417 ff.}, who on account of יחם Pi. Inf. Gn 30:41; 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, from יחם); Inf. לַחְמָם Is 47:14, cf. Jb 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is from לֶחֶם Mich Di unles (Luzz Che) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. Inf. in both); חֹם 1 S 11:9 Hg 1:6 Ne 7:3; sf. חֻמּוֹ Jb 6:17; חֻמָּם Je 51:39;— 1. lit., be or grow warm Ex 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), cf. 1 S 11:9 Ne 7:3 and Jb 6:17 (sf. of impers. subj.); from fire Is 44:15, 16⁽⁾ 47:14 (cf. supr.); natural heat 1 K 1:1, 2 (by personal contact), so 2 K 4:34 Ec 4:11⁽⁾, from clothing Hg 1:6; of Jerusalem under fig. of pot or caldron Ez 24:11. 2. fig., subj. לִבִּי ψ 39:4 (|| בַּהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), cf. Dt 19:6; of conspirators Ho 7:7; Chaldeans Je 51:39. 3. of heat in conception (animals) Gn 30:38, 39 (cf. יחם). Niph. Pt. נֵחָמִים באלים Is 57:5 (Kö^.371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַמֵּם Jb 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich). Hithp. Impf. יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Jb 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.

†חֹם S TWOT GK n.m. Je 17:8 heat;—חֹם abs. Gn 8:22 + 3 times + 1 S 21:7 (v. infrom); cstr. Gn 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם היום Gn 18:1 (J), 1 S 11:11 2 S 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Gn 8:22 (opp. קֹר); cf. Is 18:4⁽⁾ (ח׳ קָצִיר); but as dangerous to plant-life Je 17:8; it melts snow Jb 24:19; לֶחֶם חֹם 1 S 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, read perhaps ל׳ חָם (as Jos 9:12).

†iii. חַם S TWOT GK adj. hot;—לחם חָ֞ם Jos 9:12 hot bread (JE), i.e. freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Jb 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—i. חָם v. supr. p. 325. ii. חָם v. sub חמה.

†חַמָּה S TWOT GK n.f. heat, sun (poet.)—חַמָּה Is 24:23 + 4 times; חַמָּתוֹ ψ 19:7;— 1. heat of sun ψ 19:7. 2. = sun Jb 30:28; || לְבָנָה moon Is 24:23; 30:26⁽⁾ Ct 6:10.

†[חַמָּן S TWOT GK] n.m. sun-pillar, used in idolatrous worship (v. Thes^{489 ff.} RS ^{i, 485} Lag ^{Mi, 228} Now ^{ii, 302}; = Palm. חמנא Vog ^{123 a} = Cooke ^{N. Sem. , 136}; Lzb ^{ii. (1906), 280}; Ph. לבעל חמן often as epithet of solar Baal);—only pl. abs. חַמָּנִים Is 27:9 + 4 times; sf. חַמָּנֵיכֶם Lv 26:30 + 2 times; || בָּמוֹת Lv 26:30 (H), 2 Ch 14:4, cf. Ez 6:4, 6; || מזבחות הבעלים 2 Ch 34:4; || אשׁרים Is 17:8; 27:9; || אשׁרים and פְּסִלִים 2 Ch 34:7.

†חַמּוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. (hot spring?)— 1. town in Asher Jos 19:28. 2. in Naphtali 1 Ch 6:61 (perhaps = i. חַמַּת, חַמַּת דֹּאר, v. Be and Di Jos 19:35).

†i. חַמַּת S GK^, n.pr.loc. (hot spring)—town in Naphtali Jos 19:35 (perhaps = חַמּוֹן 2 v. Di); G Ωμαθαδακεθ ( = חַמַּת רַקַּת), A Αμαθ, GL Αμμαθ; Josxviii, 2, 3 Αμμαθους (ed. Niese), cf. Id. ^{BJ. iv. 1.3} Guthe ^{1891, xiii, 284}; prob. = Talm. Ḥamata Nbr ^{Géogr. du . 207} (with hot springs), 35 minutes south of Tiberias, v. Rob ^{ii, 385} Buhl ^{xiii, 1890, 39 f.} Guthe GASm ⁴⁵⁰ (Furrer ^{ii, 1878, 55; xiii, 1890, 194 ff.} al. say north of Tiberias); v. חַמֹּת דֹּאר, חַמּוֹן.

†ii. חַמַּת S GK^, n.pr.m. father of the house of Rechab 1 Ch 2:55.

†חַמֹּת דֹּאר S GK n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, Levitical city Jos 21:32 (perhaps = i. חַמַּת, חַמּוֹן 2 v. Di), G Νεμμαθ, A Εαμαθδωρ, GL Αμαθδωρ.

†חַמּוּאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (meaning? comp. Sab. [ל]חמא Hal²¹⁵)—a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:26 GL Αμουηλ.

†[חָמַס S TWOT GK^, ] vb. treat violenty, wrong (NH id., act violently, treat violently; Aramaic חֲמַם (rare) violently seize; Arabic حَمِسَ (ḥamisa) is be hard, strict, rigorous)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽמְסוּ Ez 22:26 Zp 3:4; Impf. יַחְמֹם Jb 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹם La 2:6; תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Jb 21:27 Je 22:3; Pt. חֹמֵס Pr 8:36;—treat violently, wrong;— 1. of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Je 22:3 (|| תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans; וַיַּח׳ כַּגַּן שֻׂכּוֹ La 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden (|| שִׁחֵת מֹעֲדוֹ); so, fig., of vine, wrong, i.e. fail to nourish, kill יַח׳ כַּגֶּפֶן כִּסְרוֹ Jb 15:33. 2. of ethical wrong, obj. תּוֹרָה Zp 3:4 Ez 22:26 (both || חֹלֵּל קֹדֶשׁ); cf. מְזִמּוֹת עָלַי תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Jb 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence. 3. both physical and ethical הֹטְאִי חֹמֵם נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 8:36. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נֶחְמְסוּ Je 13:22 thy heels suffer violence (|| נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ).

†חָמָס S TWOT GK n.m. ψ 7:17 violence, wrong—abs. ח׳ Gn 6:11 + 44 times; cstr. חֲמַס Ju 9:24 + 7 times; sf. חֲמָסִי Gn 16:5 Je 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ ψ 7:17; pl. חֲמָסִים 2 S 22:49 + 3 times;—violence specif. of physical violence Ju 9:24 2 S 22:3 (not || ψ 18:3), Ob¹⁰, Hb 1:9 Je 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Hb 2:8, 17⁽⁾ Jo 4:19 ψ 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Gn 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by Hagar), Jb 19:7 Mal 2:16; in gen. of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Mi 6:12 Hb 1:2 Zp 1:9 Pr 10:6, 11; 13:2; 26:6 + Ez 7:11 (si vera l., v Co), || שֹׁד Am 3:10 Hb 1:3 Je 6:7; 20:8 Ez 45:9 Is 60:18, || רִיב ψ 55:10, || עָמָל 7:17, || גַּאֲוָה 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ 11:5 (|| רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Is 53:9, ח׳ בארץ Je 51:46, cf. Gn 6:11, 13 (P), Ez 8:17; 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ ψ 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Ez 7:23; 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Am 6:3 is (prob.) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Gn 49:5 (poem) instruments, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: ח׳ בְּיָדַיִם Jon 3:8 1 Ch 12:17, cf. Jb 16:17, ח׳ יְדֵיכֶם ψ 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ בְּכַפֵּיהֶם Is 59:6; עֵד ח׳ i.e. a witness that promotes violence and wrong Ex 23:1 (JE), Dt 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ ψ 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵחַ חָמָס ψ 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ ψ 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man ψ 18:49 (2 S 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, cf. infr.) 140:12 Pr 3:31; 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) ψ 140:2, 5 2 S 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Pr 4:17 i.e. wine gained by violence (|| לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).

†תַּחְמָס S TWOT GK n.[m.] name of male ostrich, according to Bö^{ii. 830} Thes (Thes der. from violence of this bird, cf. Arabic ظَلِيمٌ (ẓalīmun) violence, also ostrich; other conject. are: owl G B; swallow, Saad: v. also Kn in Di)—mentioned as unclean Lv 11:16 (P) Dt 14:15.

†I. חָמֵץ S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , , ,} vb. be sour, leavened (NH id., Pi. Hiph. make sour, leaven; Arabic حَمُضَ (ḥamuḍa) be sour; Aramaic חֲמַע be sour, leavened, ܚܡܰܥ (ḥma˓), be leavened)—Qal Pf. חָמֵץ Ex 12:39; Impf. יֶחְמָ֑ץ Ex 12:34; Inf. sf. חֻמְצָתוֹ Ho 7:4;—be leavened, of dough (בָּצֵק), Ex 12:34, 39 (E), cf. Ho 7:4. Hithp. be soured, embittered, ψ 73:21 (|| כִּלְיוֹתַי אֶשְׁתּוֹנָן).

†חָמֵץ S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , , ,} n.m. Ex 13:3 that which is leavened—ח׳ Ex 12:15 + 10 times—forbidden at Passover Ex 12:15 (P), 13:3, 7 (JE), Dt 16:3, in all sacrifices Ex 23:18; 34:25 (both JE); cf. Am 4:5; Lv 2:11; 6:10 (P; appos.); excceptions are לֶחֶם ח׳ of peace-offering Lv 7:13 (P), and the wave-loaves (ח׳ appos.) Lv 23:17 (H).—v. RS ^{203 2, 345}.

†חֹ֫מֶץ S TWOT GK n.m. vinegar—ח׳ abs. Pr 10:26 + 3 times; cstr. Nu 6:3⁽⁾;—a common condiment Ru 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (ח׳ יין and ח׳ שֵׁכָר) Nu 6:3⁽⁾ (P), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty man ψ 69:22 (fig. for harshness, lack of sympathy); in sim. of sluggard כַּחֹמֶץ לַשִּׁנַּיִם Pr 10:26, ח׳ עַל־נָ֑תֶר Pr 25:20 vinegar on nitre (sim. of merry songs for the heavy-hearted).

†חָמִיץ S TWOT GK adj. seasoned (viz. with salt, or a salt herb—Arabic حَمْضٌ (ḥamḍun), Pun. Ἀμουτ [ = חמוץ] Blau ^{1873, 522}; v. Thes—rendering it more tasty), of provender for cattle בְּלִיל חָמִיץ יֹאכֵ֑לוּ Is 30:24.

חֻמְצָה v. I. חמץ Inf.

†מַחְמֶ֫צֶת S TWOT GK n.f. anything leavened, only Ex 12:19, 20 (P).

†II. [חמץ] vb. be red (? cf. Aramaic ܚܡܰܨ (ḥmaṣ) Ethpa. blush, be ashamed, poss. orig. be red);—Qal Pt. pass. cstr. חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים red of garments Is 63:1; poss. also Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱמַץ ψ 68:24 that thy foot may be red with blood (for MT תמחץ; so Krochm Hi Gr; most, however, read תרחץ v. רחץ).

†III. [חמץ] vb. be ruthless (dub. √; perhaps by-form of חמם; perhaps error for it; identif. by most with I. חמץ, be sour, hence sharp, violent, but connexion improb.)—only Qal Pt. act. מִכַּף מְעַוּל וְחוֹמֵץ ψ 71:4 from the hand of the unjust and ruthless (|| מִיַּד רָשָׁע).

†חָמוֹץ S TWOT GK n.[m.] coll. the ruthless—only אַשְּׁרוּ ח׳ Is 1:17 set right the ruthless, so Hi Ew Kn De Che Di; Vrss give passive (perhaps חָמוּץ) hence AV relieve the oppressed; but on form חָמוֹץ = doer of action v. Ew ^{152 b}.

†חָמַק S TWOT GK vb. turn away (intr.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְדוֹדִי ח׳ עָכָ֑ר Ct 5:6 and my beloved had turned away, passed on. Hithp. Impf. 2 fs. עַד־מָתַי תִּתְחַמָּקִין חַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Je 31:22 turn hither and thither, v. Gf VB.

†[חַמּוּק S TWOT GK] n.m. curving, curve, חַמּוּקֵי יְרֵכַיִךְ Ct 7:2 the curvings (curved lines, curves) of thy thighs.

†I. חָמַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} vb. ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic خَمَرَ (ḫamara) ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةٌ, خَمِيرَةٌ (ḫumratun, ḫamīratun), n. leaven; v. Lag ²⁰⁷);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְיַיִן ח׳ ψ 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3 pl. חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by We as poss. Hb 3:15 (for MT חֹמֶר q.v.) the great waters foamed; Impf. 3 mpl. יֶחֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו ψ 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Pe˓al˓al Pf. pass. 3 pl. מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָ֑רוּ La 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment (|| נֶהְפַּךְ לִבִּי), of distress at calamities of Jerus.; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי La 2:11.—Jb 16:16 v. IV. חמר.

†חֶ֫מֶר S TWOT GK n.[m.] wine (poet.) (Aramaic ܚܰܡܪܳܐ (ḥamro), חַמְרָא; Arabic خَمْرٌ (ḫamrun), v. Lag ²⁰⁷)—וְדַם־עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָ֑מֶר Dt 32:14; כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר Is 27:2, but read here כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד (v. הֶמֶד).

†חֵמָר S TWOT GK n.[m.] bitumen, asphalt (from I. חמר according to OBlau ^{1869, 279}, bitumen as seething, swelling up; Thes MV, from IV. חמר, with ref. to reddish-brown colour)—חֵמָר Gn 11:3 + 2 times; used for cement in building Babel Gn 11:3 (J); abounding in vale of Siddim בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת ח׳ Gn 14:10; used in coating Moses’ ‘ark’ of bulrushes Ex 2:3 (E; || זָפֶ֑ת).

†i. חֹ֫מֶר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.m. cement, mortar, clay;—ח׳ abs. Gn 11:3 + 13 times; cstr. Is 10:6 + 2 times;— 1. mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Gn 11:3 (J), Ex 1:14 (P; both || לְבֵנִים); Na 3:14 (|| טיט). 2. clay: a. as material of vessels Je 18:4, 6, ח׳ היצר Is 29:16, in sim. of God’s fashioning man Is 45:9; 64:7 Jb 10:9; as material of human bodies בָּתֵּי ח׳ Jb 4:19 cf. 33:6; as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Jb 13:12; ח׳ חותם = seal-clay i.e. clay upon which seal is pressed. b. = mire ח׳ חוצות Is 10:6; הֹרַנִי לַח׳ Jb 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, i.e. deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in || cl.); as sim. of commonness, abundance Jb 27:16 (|| עָפָר); Is. 41:25.

†ii. [חָמַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb.denom. cover or smear with asphalt, only Qal Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּחְמְרָה Ex 2:3 (E); on form of sf. v. Ges ^{58, 3, R. 1}.

III. חמר (√ of foll.; NH חָמַר heap up; Aramaic חַמֵּר make a ruin-heap; Arabic حِمَارَةٌ (ḥimāratun) great mass of stone, heap of stones).

ii. חֹ֫מֶר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.[m.] heap (cf. i. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ cstr. ח׳ מַיִם רַבִּים Hb 3:15 a heap of great waters (|| יָם)—but text dub., v. I. חמר; pl. חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Ex 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

†iii. חֹ֫מֶר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.m. homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but dub.; cf. Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, ii. R 36:19 a. b Strm⁴⁷⁶⁰, imêru, a measure Zim ^{6 n})—ח׳ abs. Is 5:10 + 5 times Ez; cstr. Ho 3:2 + 3 times; pl. הֳמָרִים Nu 11:32;—ח׳ of barley Ho 3:2 Ez 45:13, cf. זֶרַע ח׳ שְׂעֹרִים Lv 27:16 i.e. land on which a ח׳ of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ח׳ of wheat Ez 45:13; in gen. זֶרַע ח׳ Is 5:10; = 10 ephahs (or baths, v. בַּת sub בתת) Ez 45:11⁽⁾, 14⁽⁾ (in v 14 del. Co); on actual size of ח׳, = 393.9 litres, v. Hultzsch ^{Metrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452 f.}. See further ii. בַּת and reff., Benz ^{183 f.} Now ^{i, 203 f.}

†i. חֲמוֹר S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.[m.] heap, abs. ח׳ with du. חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם (Baer חֲמֹרֹת׳), as if from חֲמֹרָה;—בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חמֹרָתָ֑יִם Ju 15:16 with the ass’s jawbone, a heap, two heaps, i.e. so many slain.

חֲמֹרֹתָ֑יִם v. i. חֲמוֹר.

†IV. [חמר] vb. be red (Arabic حَمَرَ (ḥamara) ii. dye red, حُمْرَةٌ (ḥumratun) redness, reddish brown (appar. skin-colour) so Thes MV Ba ¹⁹² al.)—only Pe˓al˓al Pf. pass. פָּנַי חֳמַרְמְרֻ֯ה Jb 16:16 my face is reddened from weeping.—La 1:20; 2:11 v. I. חמר.

†ii. חֲמוֹר S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.m. Gn 45:23 (he)-ass (NH id. (sometimes female, but this regularly חֲמוֹרָה); Aramaic חֲמָרָא, ܚܡܳܪܳܐ (ḥmoro); Arabic حِمَارٌ (ḥimārun), Palm. חמרא Reckendorf ^{1888, 404}; Assyrian imêru, Schr ;—name from reddish colour)—abs. חֲמוֹר Gn 22:5 + 43 times; חֲמֹר Ex 13:13 Dt 22:10; cstr. חֲמוֹר Ex 23:5 + 4 times; חֲמֹר Gn 49:14; sf. חֲמֹרְךָ Dt 5:14; 28:31; חֲמֹרֶ֑ךָ Ex 23:12; חֲמֹרוֹ Gn 22:3 + 8 times; pl. חֲמוֹרִים Ju 19:10 + 9 times; חֲמֹרִים Gn 12:16 + 16 times; sf. חֲמוֹרֵינוּ Ju 19:19; חֲמֹרֵינוּ Gn 43:18; חֲמוֹרֵיכֶם 1 S 8:16; חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Gn 34:28 + 4 times; חֲמוֹרֵיהֶם Jos 9:4;—ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (coll. only Gn 32:6 Is 21:7);— 1. as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Gn 12:16; 24:35; 30:43; 47:17 Ex 9:3 (all J) Ex 20:17 (E), 21:23; 22:3, 8, 9; 23:4, 5, 12 Nu 16:15 Jos 6:21; 7:24 (all JE); note also Ex 13:13 = 34:20 (JE; firstlings belongs to י׳); Gn 36:24 Nu 31:28, 30, 34, 39, 45 (all P); Dt 5:14, 18; 22:3, 4; 28:31 Ju 6:4 1 S 8:16; 12:3; 15:3; 22:19; 27:9 1 Ch 5:21 Ezr 2:67 = Ne 7:68 (Baer), Zc 14:15; coll. Gn 32:5 (J; || שׁוֹר, צֹאן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה), but pl. (similar ||) Gn 34:28 (P), 47:17 (J); cf. also ח׳ יְתוֹמִים 24:3 the orphans’ ass (|| שׁוֹר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master’s crib Is 1:3 (|| שׁוֹר); found in camp 2 K 7:7, 10 (both || סוּסִים); as harnessed מֶתֶג לַח׳ Pr 26:3 (|| סוּם). 2. used for riding: a. by women Ex 4:20 (J), Jos 15:18 (JE) = Ju 1:14 1 S 25:20, 23, 42, cf. 2 Ch 28:15. b. by men 2 S 16:2; 17:23; 19:27 1 K 2:40; 13:13⁽⁾, 23, 24, 27, 28⁽⁾ Is 21:7 Zc 9:9. c. צֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses 2 S 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Ju 19:3, 10, 19, 21; carrying dead body v 28, cf. ח׳ 1 K 13:29. 3. beast of burden Gn 22:3, 5 (cf. v 6), 42:26, 27; 45:23 (all E) 43:18, 24; 44:3, 13 (all J), Jos 9:4 (JE), 1 S 25:18 1 Ch 12:41 Ne 13:15 (cf. also צֶמֶד ח׳ 2 S 16:1 supr.); metaph. of Issachar ח׳ נָּ֑רֶם Gn 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones.—ח׳ לֶחֶם 1 S 16:20 read prob. חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, v. We Dr. 4. used in tillage Is 32:20; not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֹר) Dt 22:10. 5. parts of body of ass mentioned are: לְחִי ח׳ Ju 15:15, 16 jawbone, Samson’s weapon; רֹאשׁ ח׳ 2 K 6:25 eaten in famine; בְּשַׂר ח׳ Ez 23:20 genital organ of ass (contempt. sim.) 6. קְבוּרַת ח׳ Je 22:19 burial of an ass, in fig. of ignominious treatment of a corpse. Also she-ass 2 S 19:27 (cf. Mishn. AZ. vi).

†iii. חֲמוֹר S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. father of Shechem (he-ass; v. RS ^{220; i. 449})—Gn 33:19; 34:2, 4, 6, 8, 13, 18⁽⁾, 20, 24, 26 Jos 24:32 Ju 9:28.

†חַמְרָן S GK n.pr.m. 1 Ch 1:41 ( = חֶמְדָּן Gn 36:26 q.v.)

†יַחְמוּר S TWOT GK n.[m.] roebuck (Sam. יחמור, Syriac ܝܰܚܡܽܘܪܳܐ (yaḥmuro), T יַחְמוּרָא v. Hom ^{392 (and 333)}, Lag ¹²⁷; name from reddish colour?)—as edible Dt 14:5 1 K 5:3;—on identif. with roebuck, v. Tristr^{Proc. Zool. Soc. London, May 2, 1876} Conder ^{Tent Work, 1887, p. 91}.

I. חמשׁ TWOT^, (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

חָמֵשׁ S TWOT GK, חֲמִשָּׁה₃₄₂ n.m. and f. five (NH id., id.; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, ܚܰܡܶܫ, ܚܰܡܶܫܬܳܐ (ḥameš, ḥamešto); Ph. חמשת; Palm. חמשא, c. n. masc., Reckendorf ^{1888, 408}; Assyrian ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Dl ⁷⁵; Ethiopic ኀምስ, ኀምስቱ (ḫams, ḫamməstu) Arabic خَمْسٌ, خَمْسَةٌ (ḫamsun, ḫamsatun); Sab. & Liḥyân. חֿמם DHM ^{xxix, 613; 71, 73});—m. (c. n.f.) abs. חָמֵשׁ Gn 5:6 + 94 times + Ez 40:30 (del. GB Hi-Sm Co; Co del. also in v 25, 29, 33, 36) + Ez 45:3 Kt (where read f. with Qr); cstr. חֲמֵשׁ Gn 5:10 + 67 times + Ez 48:16 Kt; f. (c. n.m.) abs. חֲמִשָּׁה v. Lag ⁸⁰ Gn 18:28 + 139 times (incl. Ez 8:16 del. B Co al.); cstr. חֲמֵשֶׁת Nu 3:47⁽⁾ + 26 times;—on pl. חֲמִשִּׂים fifty, see below;—five, in Hex chiefly P;— 1. without other numeral: a. חָמֵשׁ, before fpl. noun Gn 43:34 + 35 times; before n. coll. ח׳ צאן 1 S 25:18; v. also ח׳ בָּאַמָּה five in cubit(s) = five cubits 1 K 7:23 1 Ch 11:23 2 Ch 4:2; after noun (late) 2 K 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֹרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 times Ch; no noun expr. 1 K 7:39⁽⁾, 49⁽⁾ 1 Ch 3:20 2 Ch 4:7⁽⁾. b. חֲמִשָּׁה before mpl. noun Gn 47:2 + 18 times; after noun Ex 36:38 + 36 times Nu (all P); no noun expr. Gn 14:9 (only here c. art.) + 20 times c. חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usually defined; except מֵאוֹת, אֲלָפִים, v. 3, 4) Ex 26:3, 9; 36:10, 16 + Ez 42:16 ח׳ אַמּוֹת Kt, but Qr ח׳ מאות, v. infr. d. חֲמֵשֶׁת הַמְּלָכִים Jos 10:5 + 5 times; ח׳ הָאֲנָשִׁים Ju 18:7, 14, 17; ח׳ שׁקלים Nu 18:16; also, distrib., ח׳ ח׳ שְׁקָלִים 3:47; ח׳ הַסְּרָנִים Jos 13:3 Ju 3:3 1 S 6:18; ח׳ בני מ׳ 2 S 21:8. e. = ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם 2 K 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Ez 1:1, 2; 8:1; 33:21; (so also 15th, 25th, etc.) 2. ח׳ combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen: a. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Gn 5:10; 7:20 Ex 27:14, 15; 38:14, 15 2 K 14:17, 23; 20:6 2 Ch 15:10; 25:25 Is 38:5. b. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. n.m.), (1) after noun Est 9:21; (2) before noun Ex 16:1 ( = ordinal fifteenth, so Lv 23:6 + ) Ho 3:2 +. c. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before n. 2 S 19:18 +. d. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without n. = ordinal fifteenth 1 Ch 24:14 + 4 times + Ez 45:12 (read חֲמִשִּׁים A Hi Co). 3. חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת = 500 Gn 5:30, 32 + 49 times + Ez 42:16 Qr 4. חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Nu 31:32 Jos 8:12 Ju 20:45 1 S 17:5 Ez 45:6; 48:15 1 Ch 29:7 2 Ch 35:9 Ezr 1:11; 2:69;—in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usually without א׳) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc. 5. with other numerals: a. חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Gn 5:6 + 4 times; (2) noun with 2nd num. only, Gn 5:17 + 8 times + Ez 45:3 Kt; (3) noun c. בְּ with 2nd num. Ez 40:21 + 2 times b. חָמֵשׁ after larger num.: (1) noun repeated Gn 25:7; (2) noun foll. ח׳ (only) Ju 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both num., st. abs., 2 Ch 3:15; st. cstr. 2 Ch 15:19. c. no noun expr., ח׳ between other num., e.g. שֵׁשׁ מאות ח׳ ושׁבעים Nu 31:37. d. חֲמִשָּׁה before larger num., noun foll. larger num. Nu 1:25 + 22 times e. ח׳ follows, and (1) is foll. by noun Ju 20:35 + 7 times; (2) noun precedes both 1 K 7:3 Je 52:30. f. ח׳ precedes, no noun expr. 1 K 5:12. g. ח׳ follows, no noun expr. Gn 18:28 +. h. no noun expr. ח׳ between other num. Ex 38:28 Ezr 2:5.

†i. חֹ֫מֶשׁ S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] fifth part—only לְפַרְעֹה לַחֹמֶשׁ Gn 47:26, but connex. with preceding awkward; read perhaps הַחֹמֶשׁ (S), or לְחַמֵּשׁ G, v. Di.

†ii. [חמשׁ TWOT^, ] vb.denom. only Pi. וְחִמֵּשׁ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם Gn 41:34 (E) and he shall fifth (take the fifth part of) the land of Egypt, i.e. the fifth part of the produce (cf. Arabic خَمَسَ (ḫamasa) take a fifth part; Ethiopic ኀመሰ (ḫammasa) 1. 2 quinque facere).

חֲמִשִּׁים S TWOT GK₁₆₄ n.pl. (a) fifty (Arabic خَمْسُونَ (ḫamsūna) Aramaic ܚܰܡܫܺܝܢ (ḥamšin), Ph. המשם; MI²⁸ חמשן; Assyrian ḫamšâti Dl in Lotz ⁸⁰)—חֲמִשִּׁים Gn 6:15 + 154 times (incl. Ez 40:25, 29, 33, del. Co) + Ez 45:12 (so read A Hi Co for חמשׁה); sf. חֲמִשֶּׂיךָ 2 K 1:10, 12, חֲמִשָּׁיו 2 K 1:9 + 4 times, חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶם 2 K 1:14;— 1. abs. a. a fifty, a company of fifty Ex 18:21, 25 Dt 1:15 1 S 8:12 2 K 1:9⁽⁾ + 13 times 2 K 1 (in v 14 = fifties) Is 3:3. b. elsewhere, without noun expr., (1) without other numeral Nu 31:30, 47 Ez 27:18⁽⁾ Hg 2:16; (2) with other num. ח׳ preceding Ex 30:23⁽⁾ + 11 times; + 1 Ch 12:34 Baer, van d. H. v 33 (sq. אלף); (3) ח׳ following Ex 38:26 + 10 times; (4) ח׳ between other num. Nu 1:23 + 23 times 2. חֲמִשִּׁים without other num.: a. before noun Gn 6:15 + 58 times + ה׳ בָּאַמָּה Ex 38:12. b. after noun 2 S 24:24 Ex 26:11 + 4 times Chr. 3. ח׳ before other num.: a. foll. by noun Gn 7:24 +. b. preceded by noun 1 Ch 5:21. 4. ח׳ after other num., and a. this after noun 1 Ch 8:40 Ezr 8:3, 26. b. noun repeated e.g. Gn 9:28, 29. 5. ח׳ preceded by cstr. e.g. בִּשְׁנַת ח׳ שָׁנָה 2 K 15:23, 27 Lv 15:10, 11. 6. ח׳ = ordinal, fiftieth Lv 25:10, 11 2 K 15:23, cf. v 27.

†חֲמִישִׁי S TWOT GK m. חֲמִישִׁית f.adj.num.ordin. fifth;—m. חֲמִישִׁי Gn 1:23 + 22 times; חֲמִשִׁי Zc 7:3 + 3 times; f. חֲמִישִׁית abs. 1 K 14:25 + 4 times; חֲמִשִׁית Lv 19:25 Je 36:9; חֲמִשִּׁית 1 K 6:31; cstr. חֲמִישִׁית Lv 27:15, 19; sf. חֲמִישִׁתוֹ Lv 5:16 + 2 times; חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ Lv 22:14; 27:31; חֲמִשִׁתוֹ Lv 27:27, cf. חֲמִשִׁתָיו Lv 5:24, read תוֹ- Sam. Di (q.v.);—fifth, usually in enum. days, months, years, sons, etc.; definite, except masc. Gn 1:23; 30:17, fem. Gn 47:24 1 6:31 Ne 6:5;— 1. m. Gn 1:23 Nu 7:36; 29:26; 33:38 Jos 19:24 (all P), Gn 30:17 (E), Ju 19:8 2 K 25:8 Je 1:3; 28:1; 52:12 Zc 7:3 1 Ch 27:8 Ezr 7:8, 9; noun om. 2 S 3:4 1 Ch 2:14; 3:3; 8:2; 26:3, 4 (all of בֵּן), 1 Ch 24:9; 25:12 (גּוֹרָל), Zc 8:19 (חֹדֶשׁ), 1 Ch 27:8 (יוֹם). 2. f. Lv 19:25 1 K 14:25 Je 36:9 Ez 1:2 2 Ch 12:2; פַּעַם ח׳ Ne 6:5. 3. חֲמִשִּׁית 1 K 6:31 as subst. a fifth part, so חֲמִישִׁית Gn 47:24 Lv 5:16, 24; 22:14; 27:13, 27, 31 Nu 5:7; cstr. חֲמִישִׁית כֶּסֶף Lv 27:15, 19.

III. חמשׁ TWOT^, (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

†ii. חֹ֫מֶשׁ S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. belly (Aramaic ܚܽܘܡܫܳܐ (ḥumšo))—הַחֹמֶשׁ 2 S 2:23 + 3 times; וַיַּכֵּהוּ … אל־הח׳ 2 S 2:23 and he smote him in the belly; 2 S 20:10 + 4:6, read וַתָּ֫נָם וַתִּישָׁ֑ן and she slumbered and slept G We Dr.; yet corruption difficult to explain, v. Klo; וַיַּכֵּהוּ שָׁם הח׳ 2 S 3:27 (where prob. ins. אל־ cf. Dr).

IV. חמשׁ TWOT^, (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; perhaps cf. Arabic خَمِيسٌ (ḫamīsun) army, Sab. חֿמס men of a tribe who can bear arms; √ then poss. = I. חמשׁ (e.g. army as composed of five parts) v. Lane Frey; also SabDenkm²⁴, which cites tribus (from tres), quartier (from quartus quatuor); > Thes MV al. who comp. Arabic حَمَسَ (ḥamasa) be firm strong, حَمِسَ (ḥamisa) be courageous, etc.)

†חֲמֻשִׁים S^, TWOT^, GK^, adj.pl. in battle array, always this form, Ex 13:18 (E), Jos 1:14; 4:12 (both D), Ju 7:11 + Nu 32:17 (JE), v. חושׁ.

חמת TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; MV al., very improbably, from Arabic حَمِتَ (ḥamita) grow rancid, putrid; see on formation, Lag ¹⁵⁴).

†חֵ֫מֶת S TWOT GK, חֶ֑מֶת n.[m.] waterskin (NH id.) —הַחֶ֑מֶת Gn 21:15; הַחֵ֫מֶת Gn 21:19; וְחֵ֨מַת מַ֜יִם Gn 21:14 (v. Di), [Hb 2:5 חֲמָתְךָ v. חֵמָה].

†חֲמָת S^, GK, חֲמַת n.pr.loc. (√ dub.; Thes MV al. der. from חָמָה, חֲמָת = fortress, or (v. RS ^{i, 140}), sacred enclosure, temenos, ḥimā, cf. Hal^{JAS 7 ème Sér. x, 392} Lag ^{82, 156}; but no certainty that name is Shemitic; Arabic حَمَاة (ḥamāt), Assyrian Amattu, Dl^{PA 275 ff. 174});—mod. Ḥamâ, on el-˓Âṣi (Orontes), 38 h. (c. 115 m.) N. of Damascus, v. Bd ^{398 f.} It had a king, תֹּעִי, in David’s time 2 S 8:9 = 1 Ch 18:9, and in 8th cent. b.c. 2 K 19:13 = Is 37:13; gods of its own 2 K 17:30; 18:34 = Is 36:19; gave its name to land (limits unknown) רִבְלָה בְּאֶרֶץ ח׳ 2 K 23:33; 25:21 Je 39:5; 52:9, 27, cf. 2 Ch 8:4; contained Isr. exiles Is 11:11; furnished colonists for Samaria 2 K 17:24 (cf. v 30 supr.) after being conquered by Sargon, (COT 2 K 17:24; 18:34 cf. Is 10:9). It is called great Hamath by Am 6:2 (חֲמַת רַבָּה,—חֲמַת only here). ח׳ is mentioned with דַּמֶּשֶׂק, צֹר, צִידוֹן in prophecy against land Hadrach (חַדְרָךְ) Zc 9:2, cf. Je 49:23. Often in phr. לְבֹא ח׳ (עַד־) = the entrance to H., i.e. the approach to H., as territorial limit Ju 3:3; usually as denoting (ideal) northern limit of Isr. territory Jos 13:5 Nu 13:21; 24:8 Am 6:14 1 K 8:65 = 2 Ch 7:8, 2 K 14:25 1 Ch 13:5; חֲמָ֑תָה 1 Ch 18:3; ח׳ צובָה 2 Ch 8:3, and הֵשִׁיב אֶת־דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֶת־ח׳ לִיחוּדָה 2 K 14:28; so also Ez 47, 48: גְּבוּל ח׳ Ez 47:17, cf. v 16b + v 16a (del. Co); לְבוֹא ח׳ 48:1, cf. 47:20; אֶל־יַד ח׳ 48:1.

†חֲמָתִי S GK adj.gent. c. art. = subst. הַחֲמָתִ֑י, as descendants of Canaan Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16.

חַמַּת S GK^, n.pr.loc. v. sub חמם.

חֵן S^, TWOT GK^, , חֵנָדָד S GK, חַנָּה S GK v. sub חנן.

חָנָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, ₁₄₃ vb. decline, bend down, encamp (Aramaic ܚܢܳܐ (ḥno) to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinj. מחנת cstr. camp, Inscr. Panammu^{13, 16, 17}; Arabic حَنَا (ḥanā) bend, curve, bend down; Assyrian mûnu, mênu and tênû couch, mânîtu, house, Zim ^{44, 45} Dl in Zim¹¹⁷)—Qal Pf. חָנָה 1 S 26:5 Is 29:1; וְחָנִ֫יתִי consec. Is 29:3 Zc 9:8; חָנוּ Nu 2:34 + 2 times; וְחָנוּ consec. Nu 1:52; Impf. וַיִּחַן Gn 26:17 + 9 times; 3 fs. תַּחֲנֶה ψ 27:3; יַחֲנוּ Nu 1:50 + 13 times Nu + Ex 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Ex 13:20 + 79 times (of which 42 in Nu 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Ju 11:18; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנוּ Ex 14:2; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezr 8:15; Imv. חֲנֵה 2 S 12:28; חֲנוּ Nu 31:19 Je 50:29; Inf. חֲנוֹת Ju 19:9; חֲוֹת Nu 1:51; sf. חֲנֹתֵנוּ Nu 10:31; חֲנֹתְכֶם Dt 1:33; Pt. חֹנֶה Ex 18:5 ψ 34:8; f. חֹנָה 2 S 23:13 1 Ch 11:15; הֹנָ֑ךְ ψ 53:6; pl. חֹנִים Ex 14:9 + 11 times; חוֹנִים Nu 2:2 Na 3:17;— 1. decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם Ju 19:9 (|| רָפָה הַיּ׳ לַעֲרוֹב; also נְטוֹת הַיּ׳ v 8; הַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד v 11). 2. encamp (proposes verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day’s march):—a. of single nomad Gn 26:17 (J; sq. ב), 33:18 (E; sq. אֶת־פני). b. of Israel at Exod. and in wilderness Ex 13:20 (ב) 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), v 2 (עַל), + c. 80 times (Hex chiefly P); also (abs.) Nu 9:18, 20, 22, 23 cf. Ezr 8:15; Ne 11:30 so they encamped (i.e. settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (|| ישׁבו v 25). c. of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Cannan, etc.) Jos 4:19; 5:10 + often; (2) Philistines 1 S 4:1; 13:16 2 S 23:23 +; usually sq. ב loc. Nu 10:31 1 S 4:1; 13:16 Jos 4:19 1 S 13:5 + 63 times (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ 2 S 24:5 read וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן GL We Dr v. חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in sim.) Na 3:17; also sq. עַל = by, near Ex 14:2, 9; 15:27 Nu 1:52; 2:2, 5, 12, 27; 3:29; 35 (על ירך), 33:10 Ju 7:1 1 S 4:1; על־פני השׂדה (על in diff. sense) 2 S 11:11; sq. עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Jos 10:5, 31, 34 Ju 6:4; 20:19 1 S 11:1 2 S 12:28 1 K 16:15 2 K 25:1 2 Ch 32:1 Je 50:29; 52:4 ψ 27:3; sq. אֶל־ in same sense Jos 11:5; metaph. of God’s hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Is 29:3; sq. also לְ = at, by Nu 2:34 Zc 9:8; אשׁר … שָׁם Ex 18:5 1 S 26:5; sq. סביב לְ for protection Nu 1:50, 53, cf. metaph. ψ 34:8, but also hostility Jb 19:12; also sq. other prep. and prep. phrases, e.g. מֵעֵבֶר Nu 21:13; מחוץ Nu 31:19; בין 1 S 17:1; נגד 1 K 20:27 etc.; sq. acc. loc. 2 S 17:26; sq. sf. acc. with hostile sense הֹנָ֑ךְ ψ 53:6; without prep. or noun foll., in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Nu 9:18, 20, 22, 23 Ezr 8:15 2 S 11:11 +; poet. of David in Jerusalem, Is 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.

†[חָנוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. cell (as having curved or vauled roof, arched; v. Thes Gf, and cf. Aramaic ܚܳܢܽܘܬܳܐ (ḥonuto) vaulted room)—הַחֲנֻיּוֹת Je 37:16 (|| בֵּית הַבּוֹר).

†חֲנִית S TWOT GK n.f. spear (as flexible? v. Thes);—abs. חֲנִית 2 S 13:19 + 26 times; cstr. id. 1 S 26:16 (so v 22 Qr, where Kt has art.); sf. חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Hb 3:11; חֲנִיתוֹ 1 S 17:7⁽⁾ + 11 times + 2 S 23:8, v. infr.; pl. חֲנִיתִים 2 Ch 23:9; חֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם Is 2:4 = חֲנִיתֹתֵיהֶם Mi 4:3;— 1. spear, as hurled 1 S 18:10, 11; 19:9, 10⁽⁾ 20:33; held by king 22:6; sign of king’s presence 26:7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 22 (v. RS ¹⁷¹); also 2 S 1:6; 2:23; 21:19; 23:18, 21⁽⁾ 1 Ch 11:11 = 2 S 23:8, where read הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (for הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִו֯) according to Ew Th Ke Klo Dr (not We), 1 Ch 11:20, 23⁽⁾; pl. 2 Ch 23:9; often || חֶרֶב 1 S 13:19, 22; 17:45, 47; 21:9 Is 2:4 = Mi 4:3, Na 3:3; || שְׁלָטִים 2 K 11:10; || צִנָּה 1 Ch 12:35 (Baer); מַסָּע Jb 41:18; סְגֹר ψ 35:3; || קֶשֶׁת ψ 46:10. 2. a. shaft of spear is עֵץ ח׳ 2 S 23:7 1 Ch 20:5 + 1 S 17:7 Qr (doubtless right; Kt חץ). b. spear-head לַחֶבֶת ח׳ 1 S 17:7, cf. לַהַב ח׳ Jb 39:23; בְּרַק ח׳ Na 3:3 Hb 3:11. c. butt of spear אַחֲרֵי ח׳ 2 S 2:23. 3. metaph. of teeth of lions ψ 57:5 (|| חצים; fig. of Psalmist’s enemies).

מַחֲנֶה S TWOT GK₂₁₄ n.m. Gn 33:8 + 16 times and f. ψ 27:3; 1 Ch 11:15 (on Gn 32:9a v. Di) encampment, camp—abs. מ׳ Gn 32:9⁽⁾ + 126 times (incl. Ez 1:24, del. Co); cstr. מַחֲנֵה Gn 32:3 + 56 times; sf. מַחֲנֵהוּ Nu 1:52 + 5 times; מַחֲנֶיךָ Dt 23:15; 29:10, מַחֲנֶךָ Dt 23:15, מַחֲנֵיכֶם Am 4:10, מַחֲנֵיהֶם Nu 5:3 Ju 8:10 (cf. infr., and on form of noun c. sf. vid. Ges ^{93, 3, R 3}); pl. abs. מַחֲנוֹת Gn 32:8 + 9 times; cstr. 1 Ch 9:18 + 2 times, מַחֲנִים Nu 13:19; sf. (appar. pl. n.) מַחֲנֵיהֶם Jos 10:4 + 5 times;—on du. v. מ׳ n.pr. infr. 1. camp, place of encampment: a. of caravan of travellers Gn 32:22 (J), especially of Isr. at Exod. and in wildern. Ex 16:13⁽⁾ 19:16, 17 (all P; disting. from עַם); שַׁעַר מ׳ Ex 32:26 (JE); especially מִחוּץ המ׳ in connexion with uncleanness, etc., Ex 29:14 Lv 4:12 (P) + often, of position of tent of meeting Ex 33:7⁽⁾ (JE), contr. Nu 2:17 (P), where of encampments of several tribes, cf. 1:52; 2:3; 10:2, 5, 6, 25 etc., (all P), already passing over to 3 (cf. הַחֹנִים 10:5, 6); b. specif. of camp of Levites, surrounding tabernacle, so that P can say אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד מַחֲנֵה הַלְוִיִם Nu 2:17; and so (late) of temple הַשֹּׁעֲרִים לְמַחֲנוֹת בְּנֵי לִוֵי 1 Ch 9:18, as well as שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2; pl. (opp. מִבְצָרִים = fortresses) Nu 13:19. 2. camp of armed host Jos 6:11⁽⁾, 14 (JE), 1 S 4:3, 5, 6⁽⁾, 7; 17:53 2 K 7:16 etc. 3. a. those who encamp Nu 10:5, 6 1 Ch 11:5 ψ 27:3 (all c. vb. חנה), cf. (prob.) Is 37:36 = 2 K 19:35, etc. b. company, body of people; people and beasts Gn 32:8, 9⁽⁾, 11; 33:8, funeral company of Jacob Gn 50:9; of Isr. on march Ex 14:19, 20 cf. Nu 10:5, 6. c. army, host Jos 8:13; 10:5; 11:4 Ju 4:15, 16⁽⁾ 7:1, 8; 8:10⁽⁾, 11⁽⁾ 12 1 S 17:1, 46 2 K 3:9 even while in the thick of the fight; 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 etc.

†מַחֲנֵה־דָ֑ן n.pr.loc. = camp of Dan, name given, Ju 13:25; 18:12, to place where Danites encamped (v. Bla).

†מַחֲנַיִם S GK n.pr.loc. (two camps)—E. of Jordan; name from Jacob’s meeting angels according to Gn 32:3 (J), place on border of Gad Jos 13:26, of Manasseh v 30 (P); Levit. city in Gad 21:36 (P) = 1 Ch 6:65; named also 2 S 2:8 (מַהֲנָ֑יִם), v 12, 29 (-נָ֑יִם), 19:33 1 K 2:8 (-נָ֑ים); מַחֲנָ֑יְמָה 2 S 17:24, 27 1 K 4:14; site unknown, v. Di Gn; כִּמְחֹלַת הַמַּחֲנָ֑יִם Ct 7:1 is put here Ex Hi Öt al.: as at a (the) dance of Mahanaim; dance of a double choir Gi Stickel RV.

†תַּ֫חַן S GK n.pr.m. (perhaps abbrev. from תַּחֲנֶה)—an Ephraimite Nu 26:35 G Ταναχ, 1 Ch 7:25 G Θαεν, GL Θααν.

†תַּחֲנִי S^, GK adj.gent. only c. art. as subst. coll.,