†[חָקַק S TWOT GK vb. cut in, inscribe, decree (NH id., Aramaic חֲקַק, Zinj. חקק; Ph. id. Pt. Hiph.; Arabic حَقَّ (ḥaqqa) be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; حَقٌّ (ḥaqqun) justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic ሕቅ (ḥəqq) adj. moderate, sufficient; cf. also חקה)—Qal וְחַקּוֹתָ֫ Ez 4:1; sf. חַקֹּתִיךְ Is 49:16; Inf. sf. בְּחֻקּוֹ Pr 8:27; בְּחוּקוֹ Pr 8:29 (assim. to בְּשׂוּמוֹ); Imv. חֻקָּתּ Is 30:8; Pt. חֹקְקִי Is 22:16 (archaic ending Ges ^{90. 3a}) pl. חֹקְקִים Is 10:1; cstr. חוֹקְקִי Ju 5:9 (poss. Po˓el = מחוקקי with םְ omitted, v. Ges ^{52 (2), note 6}); Pt. pass. pl. חֲקֻקִֿים Ez 23:14 (Co חקוקים);— 1. cut in, with בְּ, Is 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock. 2. cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, c. על on roll of a book Is 30:8; representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Ez 4:1; images on a wall Ez 23:14; fig. of Zion’s walls on palms of י׳ Is 49:16. 3. trace, mark out, a circle, c. על over the face of deep Pr 8:27; c. acc., foundations of earth v 29. 4. of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), fig. for enact, decree חקקים חקקי און Is 10:1 (|| כתב עמל); חוֹקְקֵי ישׂראל poet. = commanders (v. Po˓el) Ju 5:9 (|| מחקקים) v 14). Po˓el Impf. יְחוֹקְקוּ Pr 8:15; Pt. מְחֹקֵק Gn 49:10 Nu 21:18 Dt 33:21; sf. מְחֹקְקִי ψ 60:9; 108:9; מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Is 33:22; pl. מְחֹקְקִים Ju 5:14;—inscribe (as a law), enact (poet.): c. acc. צֶדֶק Pr 8:15 elsewhere pt. a. prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Dt 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Ju 5:14 Is 33:22 (of י׳; || שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, מַלְכֵּנוּ). b. commander’s staff Gn 49:10 (|| שֵׁבֶט), Nu 21:18 (both poet.), ψ 60:9 = 108:9. Pu. Pt. מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Pr 31:5 (late). Hoph. Impf. יֻחָ֑קֿוּ Jb 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.

חֹק S^, TWOT GK^, ₁₂₇ n.m. Mi 7:11 something prescribed, a statute due;—ח׳ Gn 47:22 + 22 times; חָק־ Ex 30:21 + 14 times; sf. חֻקִּי Pr 30:8 + 3 times; חָקְךָ Lv 10:13, 14 etc. + 4 times sfs.; pl. חֻקִּים Dt 4:5 + 31 times; cstr. חֻקֵּי Ex 18:16; חוּקֵּ֯י Ez 20:18; also חִקֲקֵי Ju 5:15 Is 10:1 (Ges ^{93, 1 R 7}); חֻקָּו֯ Jb 14:5 etc. + 44 times sfs.— 1. prescribed task, assigned to Isr. in Egypt Ex 5:14 (E). 2. prescribed portion, or allowance of food Gn 47:22⁽⁾ (J); Pr 30:8; 31:15 Ez 16:27; מחקי Jb 23:12 (RV; < G B Ol Me Di SS בְּחֵקִי in my bosom). 3. action prescribed for oneself, resolve: חִקֲקֵי לֵב Ju 5:15 resolves of mind || חִקְרֵי לֵב v 16. 4. prescribed due of the priests from offerings Lv 6:11; 10:13⁽⁾, 14⁽⁾ (P); due of י׳ Lv 6:15 (P); לח׳ עולם Ex 29:28 Lv 7:34; 10:15 Nu 18:8, 11, 19 (all P), Lv 24:9 (H); portion of oil for the תּרומה Ez 45:14. 5. prescribed limit, boundary: of sea Je 5:22 Pr 8:29; 30:8; waters Jb 26:10; heavens ψ 148:6; land of Israel Mi 7:11; of time Jb 14:5, 13; so פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ לִבְלִי חֹ֑ק Is 5:14 She˒ôl openeth wide her mouth, without limit. 6. enactment, decree, ordinance of either God or man: a. specific decree: law of fifth in Egypt Gn 47:26 (J); of passover Ex 12:24 (J); lament for Jephthah’s daughter Ju 11:39; for Josiah 2 Ch 35:25; חק ומשׁפט Ex 15:25 Jos 24:25 (both E), 1 S 30:25; חק עולם Ex 30:21; || עֵדוּת, מִשְׁפָּט ψ 81:5, 6 (law of a festival). b. of י׳ in nature Jb 28:26. c. respecting Mess. king ψ 2:7; day of י׳ Zp 2:2 MT, but on text v. We and טֶרֶם (p. 382); covenant with Jacob ψ 105:10 = 1 Ch 16:17; destiny of man Jb 23:14. d. law in general עלי חק according to law, right ψ 94:20 (others against law); לַמֵּד ח׳ ומשׁפט Ezr 7:10; || בּרית and תורות Is 24:5; || עדות ψ 99:7. 7. pl. חֻקִּים enactments, statutes of a law: a. of י׳ in nature Je 31:36. b. of the prophets Zc 1:6. c. conditions of deed of purchase Je 32:11. d. enactments || מִשְׁפָּטִים: ancestral Ez 20:18; given by God as punishment for disobedience 20:25. e. decrees of unjust judges חִקֲקֵי־אָוֶן Is 10:1. f. civil enactments prescribed by God: חֻקֵּי האלהים Ex 18:16 (E; || תּוֹרֹתָיו), v 20 (E; || id.) g. elsewhere of prescriptions of the several codes of Hex: Lv 10:11 Nu 30:17 (P), Dt 4:6; 6:24; 16:12 ψ 119:5 + 20 times, Mal 3:7; || תּוֹרַת י׳ Am 2:4; ח׳ ותורות ψ 105:45; דברי הת׳ והח׳ Dt 17:19; || ברית ψ 50:16; ח׳ וברית ועדות 2 K 17:15; usually either || משׁפטים Dt 4:1, 5, 8, 14; 5:1; 11:32; 12:1; 26:16, 1 K 9:4 = 2 Ch 7:17, 1 Ch 22:13 Ez 11:12; 36:27, or else ח׳ ומשׁפטים combined with others synon. (usually preceding): e.g. דבר(ים) ψ 147:19; תורה 2 Ch 33:8 Mal 3:22; מצוה Dt 5:28; 6:1; 7:11; מצות Ne 1:7 1 K 8:58; מצוה, תורה 2 Ch 19:10; עֵדֹת Dt 4:45; 6:20; sometimes foll.: e.g. תורות Lv 26:46; מצוה, תורה 2 K 17:37; or in different order, e.g. ומצות מ׳ ותורות ח׳ Ne 9:13; מצות ומ׳ וח׳ Ne 10:30; ח׳ ומצות ומ׳ Dt 26:17. Apart from משׁפטים it is combined with מצות, e.g. מ׳ וח׳ Ex 15:26 (R), Dt 27:10; ח׳ ומ׳ Dt 4:40 1 K 3:14; 8:61; מ׳ וח׳ ותורה Ne 9:14; מ׳ ועדות וח׳ Dt 6:17 1 Ch 29:19 2 Ch 34:31; דברי מ׳ וח׳ Ezr 7:11; it is used c. vbs.: נתן Lv 26:46 + 3 times; צוּה Nu 30:17 + 9 times; למּד Dt 4:1 + 10 times; שׁמר Dt 26:17 + 16 times; עשׂה Dt 6:24 + 5 times; שׁמר לעשׂות Dt 11:32 + 4 times; הלך בְּ 1 K 8:61 + 3 times—[On usage of חֹק v חֻקָּה ad fin.]

†חֻקָּה S TWOT GK₁₀₄ n.f. Ex 13:10 something prescribed, enactment, statute;—ח׳ Nu 9:14 + 2 times; cstr. חֻקַּת Ex 12:14 + 28 times; pl. חֻקּוֹת Je 5:24 + 12 times; חֻקֹּת Lv 20:23 Je 31:35; sf. חֻקּוֹתַי Gn 26:5 + 14 times; חֻקֹּתַי Lv 18:4 + 21 times etc.;— 1. sg. statute, of special ritual laws: of passover Ex 13:10 (J); elsewhere only in P (and H), חקת הפסח Ex 12:43 Nu 9:12, 14; ח׳ התורה Nu 19:2; 31:21; ח׳ משׁפט Nu 27:11; 35:29; ח׳ עולם Ex 12:14, 17; 27:21; 28:43; 29;9 Lv 3:17; 10:9; 16:29, 31, 34; 23:21, 31; 24:3 Nu 10:8; 15:15; 18:23; 19:10, 21 (all P), Lv 17:7; 23:14, 41 (H); חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר ולאזרח Nu 9:14; 15:15. 2. pl. statutes: a. of nature ח׳ שׁמים Jb 38:33 Je 33:25; of moon and stars Je 31:35; of weeks of harvest Je 5:24. b. fig. of a firmly established custom ח׳ עמרי Mi 6:16; ח׳ הגוי(ם) Lv 20:23 (H) 2 K 17:8; ח׳ העמים Je 10:3; idolatry ח׳ ישׂראל 2 K 17:19; sexual offences Lv 18:30 (H). c. ח׳ דוד statutes of David 1 K 3:3. d. || משׁפטים 2 S 22:23 = ψ 18:23 (of the law known to David); || מצות ψ 89:32; ברית וח׳ 1 K 11:11; elsewhere of the prescriptions of the codes of D, H, P, Ez: usually חקות ומשׁקטים Lv 18:5, 26; 19:37; 20:22 (H), 25:18 Nu 9:3 (P), 1 K 11:33 Ez 5:7; 11:20; 18:9; 20:11, 13, 19, 21; preceded by מצות Dt 30:16; followed by מצות Lv 26:15 (H), Dt 11:1 1 K 6:12; תורה ומצוה 2 K 17:34; or else משׁפטים וחקות Lv 18:4; 26:43 (H), Ez 5:6⁽⁾; 18:17; 20:16, 24; 37:24; preceded by מצות Dt 8:11; in diff. order, ח׳ מצות ומ׳ ועדות 1 K 2:3; frequently also ח׳ ומצות Lv 26:3 (H), Dt 6:2 1 K 11:38 2 Ch 7:19; or מצות (ו)ח׳ Dt 10:13; 28:15, 45; 30:10 1 K 9:6; 11:34 Ez 43:11 (Co), 2 K 17:13; foll. by תורות Gn 26:5 (R); מצות ועדות וח׳ 2 K 23:3; תורה וח׳ Je 44:10; ותורה וח׳ ועדות 44:23; ח׳ ותורות Ez 44:5; 43:11 (Co); תורות יח׳ 44:24; special ordinances are ח׳ המזבח Ez 43:18; ח׳ בות י׳ Ez 44:5; ח׳ חיים Ez 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); ח׳ עולם תמיד (G S B Talm Co del. עולם) Ez 46:14. e. phrases of obedience are הלך ב׳ Lv 18:3; 20:23 26:3 (H), 1 K 3:3; 6:12 2 K 17:8, 19 Je 44:10, 23 Ez 5:6, 7; 11:20; 18:9, 17; 20:13, 16, 19, 21; 33:15; שׁמר Lv 18:4, 5, 26; 19:19, 37; 20:8, 22 (H), Gn 26:5 (R), Dt 6:2; 8:11; 10:13; 11:1; 28:45; 30:10, 16 1 K 2:3; 9:6; 11:11, 34, 38 2 K 17:13; 23:3 Ez 18:19, 21; 37:24; 43:11; 44:24; עשׂה Lv 25:18 (P), Dt 28:15 1 K 11:33; עשׂה כח׳ 2 K 17:34; בח׳ אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע ψ 119:16; phrases of disobedience are מאס ח׳ Ez 20:24 מאס בח׳ Lv 26:15 (H); געל Lv 26:43 (H); עזב 2 Ch 7:19; חלל ψ 89:32.—[חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various writings: e.g. חֹק oftener in Jb ψ Pr (חֻקָּה not at all Pr, once Jb), and in Chr (חֻקָּה only 2 Ch 7:19); חֻקָּה often in K, rarely in Hex. except in P (H); in proph., חֹק occurs Am 2:4 Is 5:14; 24:5 Mi 7:11 Je 3 times, Ez 6 times, חֻקָּה only Ez, Je (6 times) and Mi 6:16; חֻקִּים especially in Dt and ψ 119, חֻקּוֹת especially in H, Ez and sometimes (8 times) Dt; חֹק עוֹלָם usually = due, חֻקַּת ע׳ much more often statute, ordinance, etc.]

†[חֻקֹֿק] n.pr.loc. in tribe of Naphtali, only c. ה loc. חֻקֹֿ֑קָה Jos 19:34; identif. with Yakûk c. 4 m. NW. of Lake Tiberias by Rob ^{iii. 81} Survey ^{i. 365}.

†חוּקֹק S GK n.pr.loc. only 1 Ch 6:60, prob. error for חֶלְקַת (q.v.) Jos 19:25; 21:31.

חִקֲקֵי v. חֹק supr.

†[חָקַר S TWOT GK] vb. search (NH id., Niph. pass., Aramaic חֲקַר)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. וַחֲקָרוֹ consec. Pr 18:17; חֲקָרָהּ Jb 28:27; וְחָֽקַרְתָּ֫ Dt 13:15 etc.; Impf. יַחְקֹר Jb 13:19; יַחֲקָר־ ψ 44:22; יַחְקְרֶנּוּ Pr 28:11; אֶחְקֹר 1 S 20:12; תַּחְקְרוּן Jb 32:11; נַחְקֹ֑רָה La 3:40 etc.; Imv. חָקְרֵ֫נִי ψ 139:23; חִקְרוּ Ju 18:2; Inf. חֲקֹר 2 S 10:3 + 2 times; לַחְקוֹר Pr 23:30; לְחָקְרָהּ Ju 18:2;— 1. search (for), sq. acc. Pr 23:30 Jb 32:11; abs. וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֫ וְחָקַרְתָּ֫ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֫ הֵיטֵיב Dt 13:15; lit. Ez 39:14 (i.e. for bones unburied). 2. a. search through, explore, lit., obj. הארץ Ju 18:2 (|| רַגֵּל) v 2, 1 Ch 19:3 (|| id.); city העיר 2 S 10:3 (|| id.), of mining Jb 28:3; search out a subject or matter Jb 5:27; 28:27 Pr 25:2 ψ 44:22. b. search a man, find out his sentiments (AV sound him) 1 S 20:12. c. of י׳ searching man, c. acc. ψ 139:1 (|| ידע), v 23 (|| id.) Jb 13:9, cf. Je 17:10 (obj. לֵב). d. of examining thoroughly, so as to expose weakness in a case Jb 29:16 Pr 18:17, cf. 28:11; so of self-examination ח׳ דרכים La 3:40 (|| חפשׂ). Niph. Pf. נֶחְקַר 1 K 7:47 2 Ch 4:18; Impf. יֵחָקֵר Je 46:23; יֵחָֽקְרוּ Je 31:37 be searched out, found out, ascertained, 1 K 7:47 2 Ch 4:18 (weight of the bronze used in temple utensils), of forest Je 46:23; searched out, Je 31:37 subj. מוסדי־ארץ. Pi. Pf. חִקֵּר Ec 12:9 he sought out many proverbs (מְשָׁלִים; || אִוֵּן).

†חֵ֫קֶר S TWOT GK n.m. Ju 5:16 searching, thing (to be) searched out;—abs. הֵ֫קֶר Jb 5:9 + 8 times; cstr. id. Pr 25:27 + 2 times; pl. cstr. חִקְרֵי Ju 5:16;—חִקְרֵי לֵב Ju 5:16 searchings, questionings of heart; Jb 11:7 canst thou reach ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ i.e. what is to be explored in him, the whole range of his nature, so ח׳ תהום 38:16 the range of the deep; especially אֵין ח׳ i.e. it is unsearchable Jb 5:9; 9:10 ψ 145:3 Pr 25:3 Is 40:28, cf. לא ח׳ Jb 34:24; 36:26; ח׳ אבותם 8:8 i.e. thing searched out by their fathers.

†[מֶחְקָר S TWOT GK] n.m. range (as place to be explored), מֶחְקְרֵי־אָ֑רֶץ ψ 95:4 (cf. חֵקֶר Jb 38:16).

i. חֹר S^, TWOT^, GK^, v. ii. חור; ii, iii חֹר, חֻר v. ii, iii חרר.

חרא TWOT, or חרה (√ of following; meaning unknown).

†[חֶרֶא S TWOT GK, or חֲרִי] n.[m.] dung (NH חרא(י_), id. Aramaic ܚܰܪܝܳܐ (ḥaryo) id.; Mand. חרא (on this and cogn. lang. in gen. v. Nö ⁵⁶); Arabic خُرْءٌ (ḫur˒un) id., whence vb. خَرِىَٔ (ḫari˒a) of act, and n. مَخْرَأَةٌ (maḫra˒atun) of place; Amh. ሐራ (ḥarā) (Di ^{Lex. Aeth. 88}))—pl. sf. חַרְאֵיהֶם Is 36:12 Kt (Qr צוֹאָתָם); || 2 K 18:27 has חֲרִיהֶם (v. sg. חרי 6:25; Qr as above); חֲרֵי יוֹנִים dove’s dung 2 K 6:25 Kt (Qr דִּבֵיוֹנִים); v., further, Gei^{Urschrift, 409}.

†[מַחֲרָאָה S TWOT GK] n.f. only pl. cloaca, cesspool;—מחראות 2 K 10:27 Kt (Qr מוֹצָאוֹת).

†I. [חָרֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , , ,} vb. de dry, dried up (cf. יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. חָֽרְבוּ Gn 8:13⁽⁾, Is 19:6; Impf. 3 ms. יֶחֱרַב Ho 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב ψ 106:9; Imv. fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Is 44:27;—de dry, dried up: 1. of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Gn 8:13b (J). 2. of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Gn 8:13a (P); of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Is 19:5 (|| וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), v. same combination Jb 14:11 (|| אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Is 19:6 (|| דָּֽלֲלוּ) 44:27 (|| הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea ψ 106:9; fig. of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Ho 13:15. Pu. Pf. 3 pl. לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Ju 16:7, 8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, v. Bla). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Na 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (|| וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Is 11:15 (for MT החרים) v. G S B T; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Je 51:36 (|| הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); Impf. אַחֲרִיד יָם Is 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (|| אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Is 37:25 = אַחֲרִב 2 K 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; Pt. fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Is 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

†i. [חָרֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , , ,} ] adj. dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Lv 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־חֲרֵבָה Pr 17:1 a dry morsel.

†i. חֹ֫רֶב S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Gn 31:40 dryness, drought, heat, abs. ח׳ Gn 31:40 + 11 times + Dt 28:22 (for MT חֶרֶב; v. Di, sq. B; G and GL om.);— 1. dryness Ju 6:37, 39, 40 (all of absence of dew); Je 50:38 (|| יָבֵשׁ); so read also Zc 11:17 (for MT חֶרֶב, see v b and Sta ^{i. 1881, 29}), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering) and upon his right eye. 2. drought Hg 1:11 + Dt 28:22 v. supr. 3. parching heat (of sun) Gn 31:40 (opp. קֶ֫רַח), Je 36:30 (opp. id.); Is 4:6; 25:4, 5⁽⁾ of fever Jb 30:30.

†חָֽרָבָה S TWOT GK n.f. dry ground;—abs. ח׳ Gn 7:22 + 7 times; opp. הַיָּם Ex 14:21 (J). Hg 2:6; cf. Gn 7:22 (J); opp. water of Jordan Jos 3:17⁽⁾ (J), 4:18 (E), 2 K 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Ez 30:12.

†[חֵרָבוֹן S TWOT GK] n.m. drought, only pl. cstr. בְּחַרְבֹנֵי קַ֫יִץ ψ 32:4 metaph. of fever heat.

†II. [חָרֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , , ,} ] be waste, desolate (NH חָרֵב id.; Aramaic חֲרוֹב, ܚܪܰܒ (ḥrab) be laid waste; Zinj. חרב adj.; Arabic خَرِبَ (ḫariba) be in ruins, waste, depopulated; Assyrian ḫarâbu, be waste, Dl ¹⁷⁵, ḫuribtu, desert, Lotz);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱרַ֔ב Je 26:9, תֶּחֱרָ֔ב Is 34:10; 3 mpl. יֶחֶרְבוּ Ez 6:6, יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Am 7:9 Is 60:12; 3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַבְנָה Ez 6:2; 12:20; Imv. חֳרָבִי Is 44:27, חָרְבוּ (so, not חָֽרְבוּ—Theile—v. Kö^{. 244}) Je 2:12; Inf. abs. חָרֹב Is 60:12;—be waste, desolate; of sanctuaries of Isr. Am 7:9 (|| נָשַׁמּוּ), of altars Ez 6:6; of cities Je 26:9; Ez 6:6; 12:20 (|| שׁמם); of nations Is 34:10, חָרֹב יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ 60:12 (|| יאֹבֵדוּ); fig., in address to the heavens חָרְבוּ מְאֹד Je 2:12—(|| שֹׁמּוּ, וְשַׂעֲרוּ), be very desolate (at sins of Isr.); others, be amazed, astounded (on relation of meanings v. שׁמם). Niph. Pt. f. נֶחֱרֶבֶת Ez 26:19 as adj., desolate city, i.e. uninhabited, v. context; נַחֲרָבוֹת 30:7 of desolate countries (|| נָשַׁתּוּ). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Ez 19:7; 1 s. הֶחֱרַבְתִּי Zp 3:6; 3 pl. הֶחֱרִיבוּ Is 37:18 2 K 19:17; Impf. 1 s. אַחְרִיב Is 42:15; Pt. מַחְרִיב Ju 16:24; pl. c. sf. מַחֲרִיבַיִךְ Is 49:17;—lay waste, make desolate, human subj.; nations and lands Is 37:18 = 2 K 19:17, Is 42:15, cf. pt. Is 49:17 (|| מְהָֽרְסַיִךְ); add prob. with We Am 4:9 (הֶחֱרַבְתִּי for the untranslateable הַרְבּוֹת) I have devastated your gardens and vineyards; pt. Ju 16:24 desolater of our country (|| הִרְבָּה אֶת־חֲלָלֵנ֑וּ); obj. cities Ez 19:7; streets Zp 3:6 (|| נָשַׁמּוּ). Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָחֳרָ֑בָה Ez 26:2 she is laid waste, of a city; Pt. מָחֳרָבוֹת Ez 29:12 laid waste, of cities (|| שׁמם).

†ii. חָרֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , , ,} adj. waste, desolate;—ms. abs. ח׳ Je 33:10 + 5 times; fs. חֲרֵבָה Ne 2:3 + 2 times; fpl. הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ez 36:35, 38 (v. Kö^{. 241});—of a city, defined מֵאֵין אָדָם וּמֵאֵין בְּהֵמָה Je 33:10, cf. v 12; also Ne 2:3, 17; חֶעָרִים הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ez 36:35 ( + הַנְשַׁמּוֹת, הַנֶּחֱרָסוֹת; opp. בְּצוּרוֹת יָשָׁ֑בוּ), Hg 1:4, 9 (בַּיִת).

†ii. חֹ֫רֶב S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.[m.] desolation;—עָרֵי ח׳ Is 61:4 cities of desolation (|| שֹׁמֲמוֹת, and, in v a, חָרְבוֹת); cf. Zp 2:14 (but read עֹרֵב, G We al.) Je 49:13; מִצְרַיִם חָרְבוֹת ח׳ Ez 29:10 Egypt shall be wastes of desolation (but G B Co wastes of the sword, חֶרֶב for חֹרֶב); + Ez 38:8 Co, who reads מֵחֹרֶב (or מֵחָרְבָּה).

†חֹרֵב S TWOT GK, חוֹרֵב n.pr.mont. Horeb (waste, desert)—G Χωρηβ (v. Lag ⁸⁵); אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Ex 3:1 (E), cf. עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב 1 K 19:8; חַצּוּר בִּחֹרֵב Ex 17:6, הַר חוֹרֵב 33:6 (both E); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Dt 1:2, 6, 19; 4:10, 15; 5:2; 9:8; 18:16; 28:69; 1 K 8:9 2 Ch 5:10 ψ 106:19 Mal 3:22; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph. diff. from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E and (especially) D (except poem Dt 33:2; vid. סִינַי P).

†חָרְבָּה S TWOT GK n.f. waste, desolation, ruin;—abs. ח׳ Lv 26:31 + 15 times + Ez 38:8 (del. S Co) + Ez 38:12 חרבה G Co for חרבות; pl. חֳרָבוֹת ψ 9:7 + 11 times (Ez 38:12, cf. supr.); cstr. חָרְבוֹת Is 5:17 + 7 times; sf. חָרְבֹתַיִךְ Is 49:19; הָרְבֹתָיו Ezr 9:9; חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Is 51:3; הָרְבוֹתֶיהָ Is 44:26; הָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם ψ 109:10 + 2 Ch 34:6 (cf. חֶרֶב and infr.); (chiefly mid. and late Heb. Is 2 8 times; Je 10 times Ez 14 times—incl. 38:8, q. del. Co);— 1. waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Lv 26:31, 33 (H); Judah Is 44:26; 49:19 (|| שֹׁמְמֹת), 58:12 (בנה), Je 25:18; 27:17; 44:2, 6 Ez 5:14; ruins of Jerusalem Is 52:9 Dn 9:2; also Ez 35:4; cf. Mal 1:4 (c. בנה), Ez 36:10 (c. בנה) v 33 (id.); Egypt Ez 29:9, 10 (in both || שְׁמָמָה; חרבות חֹרֶב in v 10); ruin of temple Ezr 9:9; = ruined dwellings ψ 109:10; cf. 2 Ch 34:6, where read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בּחר בתיהם (v. חֶרֶב sub III. חרב); Je 22:5; in gen. ruins (si vera l., v. Di; obj. of בנה) Jb 3:14; כוס ח׳ ψ 102:7 an owl of a ruin. 2. of land: waste place amid ruins Is 5:17, cf. 51:3 (|| מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה); land a desolation Je 7:34; 44:22 Ez 25:13 (Edom) Je 25:11 Is 64:10 and Ez 33:24, 27 (of Judah), cf. Ez 13:4, כְּשֻׁעָלִים בח׳ sim. of the prophets; הח׳ הַשֹּׁמֵמוֹת Ez 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Isr. ψ 9:7 (ח׳ לָנֶ֫צַח); ח׳ עולם = old ruins Is 61:4 (c. בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Je 25:9; 49:13 (cities of Bosra); ה׳ מעולם Ez 26:20 (sim. of Tyre) pl. חֲרָבוֹת deserts (?) Is 48:21.

†iii. [חָרַב S TWOT GK] vb. (Aramaic and rare) attack, smite down (cf. Arabic حَرَبَ (ḥaraba) plunder, iii. wage war with, vi. fight together, حَرْبٌ (ḥarbun) war, battle; Syriac ܚܪܰܒ (ḥrab) smith, slay)—Qal Imv. ms. חֲרֹב Je 50:21 attack ( + וְהַחֲרֵם אַחֲרֵיהֶם); mpl. חִרְבוּ v 27 obj. כָּל־פָּרֶיהָ, fig. of men of Babylon. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נֶחֶרְבוּ המלכים (v. Hoph.) הָחֳרֵב 2 K 3:23 the kings have attached one another, fought together (|| וַיַּכּוּ אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ). Hoph. Inf. abs. 2 K 3:23, v. Niph., but read perhaps הֵחָרֵב, cf. Dr Lv 19:20, note.

חֶ֫רֶב S TWOT GK₄₁₁ n.f. Is 21:15 sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, ܚܰܪܒܳܐ (ḥarbo), Zinj. חרב; Arabic حَرْبَةٌ (ḥarbatun) dart, javelin) —abs. חֶ֫רֶב Gn 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Ex 17:13 +; cstr. חֶ֫רֶב Dt 33:29 +; sf. חַרְבִּי Ex 15:9 + 13 times; חַרְבְּךָ Gn 27:40 + 7 times; חַרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1 S 15:33 ψ 17:13; חַרְבּוֹ Nu 22:23 + 24 times; חַרְבְּכֶם Je 2:30 Ez 33:26; חַרְבָּם ψ 37:15; 44:4; pl. חֲרָבוֹת Is 21:15 + 5 times; cstr. חַרְבוֹת Jos 5:2 + 2 times; sf. חַרְבוֹתָיו Ez 26:9; חַרְבוֹתָם Is 2:4 + 5 times; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Mi 4:3 + 2 times;— 1. a. sword, as weapon of war Gn 48:22 (E), Ju 7:14, 20 1 S 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword ח׳ וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֹת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Ju 3:16, cf. ח׳ פִּיּוֹת Pr 5:4 (in sim.), ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת ψ 149:6; v. also צוּר ח׳ edge of sword ψ 89:44. b. gird on sword = חָגַר הח׳ 1 S 17:39; 25:13⁽⁾ ψ 45:4 (עַל יָרֵך ח׳ הח׳), שִׂים על ירך Ex 32:27, cf. especially 2 S 20:8. c. draw the sword הֵרִיק הח׳ Ex 15:9 Lv 26:33 Ez 5:2, 12; 12:14; 28:7, הוציא הח׳ Ez 21:8, 10, פתח הח׳ ψ 37:14 Ez 21:33, נטשׁ Is 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ v. infr.); usually שׁלף הח׳ Nu 22:23, 31 Jos 5:13 Ju 3:22; 8:10, 20; 9:54 1 S 17:51; 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4; 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors שָֹׁלֵף ח׳ Ju 20:2, 15, 17, 25, 35, 46 2 S 24:9 2 K 3:26, 1 Ch 21:5⁽⁾; וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֹ אֶל־הַח׳ 2 S 23:10, ins. also in || 1 Ch 11:13 (Dr). d. whet, sharpen the sword לטשׁ הח׳ ψ 7:13 (cf. Is 21:15 supr.), but also שׁנן Dt 32:41 cf. ψ 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ez 21:14, 16. e. put up the sword into the sheath הֵשִׁיב הח׳ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ 1 Ch 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר 1 S 17:51 2 S 20:8 Je 47:6 Ez 21:8). f. slay with sword הרג בח׳ Jos 10:11; 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים 1 S 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים G We Dr; rarely הכה בח׳ Jos 11:10 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38; very often הִכָּה לְפִי־ח׳ smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2 S 2:26; 11:25) = without quarter Nu 21:24 (E) Dt 13:16a; 20:13 Jos 11:11, 12, 14 (all D) Ju 18:27; 21:10 1 K 10:25 Jb 1:15, 17; also c. העיר as sole obj. Jos 8:24; 10:28, 30, 32, 35, 37, cf. v 39; 19:47 Ju 1:8, 25; 20:37 1 S 22:19⁽⁾ 2 S 15:14; הרג לפי־ח׳ †Gn 34:26 (J); החרים לפי־ח׳ Dt 13:16b (incl. הָעִיר in obj.), Jos 6:21 1 S 15:8, חלשׁ לפי־ח׳ †Ex 17:13 (E); נפל לפי־ח׳ Jos 8:24 Ju 4:16; וַיָּהָם י׳ … לפי־ח׳ Ju 4:15;—(לפי־ח׳ is chiefly in Jos and Ju (21 times), in Hexat. only JED; but Jb post-ex.). g. אכלה הח׳ etc., of the sword as devouring:—תֹּאכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Dt 32:42 (poet.), 2 S 2:26; 11:25; 18:8 Is 1:10 Je 2:30 Je 46:10, 14 Na 2:14. h. slain by sword is חֲלַל־ח׳ Nu 19:16 (P) and frequently Ez, חַלְלֵי־ח׳ 31:17, 18; 32:21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32; 35:8 מְחֻלְלֵי ח׳ v 26 < Co חללי־ח׳ (on text of 32:20, 22, 31 v. Co). i. שְׁבֻיוֹת ח׳ Gn 31:26 are captive of (taken by) sword. j. sword frequently agent of י׳ Ju 7:20 Is 34:6 Je 12:12; 47:6 etc.,—so Dt 28:22, but read חֹרֶב v. sub I. חרב (cf. on other hand 1 S 17:47); note especially Gn 3:24 לַהַט הח׳ הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; poet. לַהַב ה׳ Na 3:3, בְּרַק ח׳ Dt 32:41. k. ח׳ fig. of tongue ψ 57:5 cf. 59:8; fig. of violence, war, etc., Gn 27:40; in sim. Pr 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women). 2. knife ח׳ צֻרִים flint knives for use in circumcision Jos 5:2, 3 (v. We ^{iii, 166}); Ez 5:1, 2 ח׳ חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant). 3. of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Ex 20:25; יִתֹּץ בח׳ Ez 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, ‘steel’ (Co ‘Eisen’), but poss. swords as implement read to hand; 2 Ch 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who comp. ψ 109:10; v. חָרְבָּה sub II. חרב (G B om. חרב).

†חַרְבוֹנָא S GK n.pr.m. eunuch of Ahasuerus Est 1:10 = חַרְבוֹנָה 7:9 (Pers. خربان (ḫrb˒n) = donkey driver, Vullers ^{i, 668 b}).

חַרְבּוֹנָה n.pr.m. v. foregoing.

†[חָרַג S TWOT GK vb. quake (cf. (si vera l.) Arabic حَرِجَ (ḥarija) be straitened, unable to move for fear and rage (Lane), also put oneself in a rage (Dozy); T חַרְגַת מוֹתָא Dt 32:25 terror of death)—only Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וְיַחְרְגוּ מִמִּסְגְּרוֹתֵיהֶם ψ 18:46 pregn. and come quaking out of their fortresses (cf. יִרְגְּזוּ in like connex. Mi 7:17); read the same also in || 2 S 22:46 (for MT וְיַחְגְרוּ, v. חגר; possible would be also ויחרדו in both, as Ho 11:10, 11 etc.)

חרגל TWOT (quadril. √ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَرْجَلَ (ḥarjala) run right and left, run swiftly (Frey)).

חַרְגֹּל S TWOT GK n.[m.] a kind of locust (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܰܪܓܳܠܴܐ (ḥargolo) חַרְגּוֹלָא حَرْجَلٌ (ḥarjalun) (Dozy), all = locust; حَرْجَلَةٌ (ḥarjalatun) swarm of locusts (Frey))—only Lv 11:22 (P) in list of edible insects, || אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חָגָב.

†חָרַד S TWOT GK vb. tremble, be terrified (Assyrian ḫarâdu, id., according to Dl ^{20, 46}; Arabic خَرِدَ (ḫarida) be bashful, shamefaced; NH חֲרָדָה a trembling)—Qal Pf. וְחָרַד consec. Is 19:16, חָֽרְדָה Is 10:29, חָרַדְתְּ 2 K 4:13, חָרְדוּ 1 S 13:7; 14:15, וְחָֽרְדוּ consec. Ez 26:16; 32:10; Impf. יֶחֱרַד Jb 37:1, וַיֶּחֱרַד Gn 27:33 + 5 times; יֶחְרְדוּ Ho 11:10 Ez 26:18, יֶחֶֽרְדוּ Ho 11:11, יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ Am 3:6 Is 41:6, וַיֶּחֶֽרְדוּ Gn 42:28 + 2 times; Imv. חִרְדוּ Is 32:11;— 1. tremble, quake, of a mountain Ex 19:18—so ℌ, but read הָעָם, G v. Di (E); of isles Ez 26:18 (metaph., in fear); so Is 41:5 (קְצוֹת הארץ, || אִיִּים יראו). 2. tremble, of persons under supernat. infl. 1 S 14:15 (|| חֲרָדָה, וַתִּרְגַּז הָאָרָץ); start, start up (out of sleep) Ru 3:8; in mental disturbance Gn 27:33 (J; c. acc. cogn.) tremble, in terror Ex 19:16 (E), Is 32:11 (|| רגז), be startled (at sound of trumpet) Am 3:6 cf. 1 K 1:49 ( + קום, הלך, ירא); tremble Ez 26:16; 32:10 sq. לְ = at, Jb 37:1 (לִבִּי), be terrified, of Egypt (personif.) Is 19:16 (|| פָּחַד), Ramah 10:29, of Saul 1 S 28:5 subj. לִבּוֹ, || ירא). 3. be anxiously careful חָרַדְתְּ אֵלֵנוּ את־כל הַחֲרָדָה הַזּאֹת 2 K 4:13. 4. with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling 1 S 13:7 (sq. מֵאחריו GL We Dr) Gn 42:28 (E; sq. אֶל־) 1 S 16:4 (sq. לִקְרָאתוֹ) so 21:2, Ho 11:10 (מִיָּם) v 11 (מִמִּצְרַיִם). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיד Ju 8:12, וְהַחֲרַדְתִּ֫י 2 S 17:2; Pt. מַחֲרִידּ Lv 26:6 + 11 times; Inf. cstr. הַחֲרִיד Ez 30:9 Zc 2:4;—drive in terror, rout an army, sq. acc. Ju 8:12 Ez 30:9 Zc 2:4 cf. 2 S 17:2; (We proposes החרידו Ho 5:8 ‘setzt Benj. in Schrecken,’ for MT אַחֲרֶיךָ); in Pt. abs., only in וְאֵין מ׳; and none shall terrify, i.e. disturb the peace of those reposing—שׁכב, שׁקט, רבץ, ישׁב, ישׁב לָבֶטַח—in the promised land Lv 26:6, so after captivity Je 30:10 = 46:27, also Ez 34:28; 39:26 Mi 4:4 Zp 3:13; of undisturbed peace of the righteous Jb 11:19; peace of flocks in forsaken cities Is 17:2; undisturbed feeding on carrion by fowl and beast Dt 28:26 Je 7:33, undisturbed prowling of lions Na 2:12 metaph. of Assyrians).

†חָרֵד S TWOT GK adj.verb. of foregoing, trembling;—חָרֵד Ju 7:3 + 3 times; חֲרֵדִים Is 66:5 Ezr 10:3—trembling (from fear), abs. Ju 7:3 (|| ירא), 1 S 4:13 (subj. לִבּוֹ, sq. עַל, for, in behalf of); in awe and reverence, at word of God, sq. בֵּ Ezr 9:4 Is 66:2 (sq. עַל), v 5 (sq. אֶל); cf. ח׳ בְּמִצְוַת אל׳ Ezr 10:3.

†חֲרֹד S^, GK n.pr.loc. only עֵין ח׳ (v. sub עַיִן), a camping-place of Gideon and Israel. Ju 7:1.

†חֲרֹדִי S GK adj.loc. only c. art. הַח׳, of Harod 2 S 23:25a (v. Dr and Ju 7:1); = הַהֲרוֹרִי 1 Ch 11:27 (read הַהֲרוֹדִר); also 1 S 23:25b but prob. not genuine; not in G or 1 Ch 11, 27 (v. Dr and אֱלִיקָא supr. p. 45 b).

†i. חֲרָדָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. trembling, fear, anxiety—חֲרָדָה Gn 27:33 + 5 times + Ez 38:21 (read for הָרַי, B Co cf. Dr 1 S 14:15); cstr. חֶרְדַּת 1 S 14:15 Pr 29:25 (v. Lag ¹¹³); pl. חֲרָדוֹת Ez 26:16;— 1. trembling, quaking (of terror ascribed to supernat. cause) 1 S 14:15⁽⁾ (hence ח׳ אלהים v. Dr; || וַתִּרְגַּז־הארץ) cf. Ez 38:21 (v. supr.); Dn 10:7; קול ח׳ Je 30:5 voice of trembling; sq. gen. obj. ח׳ אָדָם Pr 29:25 trembling before man; opp. pleasure Is 21:4; tremblings (pl.) Ez 26:16 under fig. of garment (ח׳ ילבשׁו), of effect on coast-princes of fall of Tyre. 2. anxious care 2 K 4:13, acc. cogn. c. חָרַד.

†ii. חֲרָדָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. a station of Isr. in wilderness Nu 33:24, 25, site unknown.

†חָרָה S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, vb. burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa. cause fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, Nö ^{1893, 98. 103}; Arabic هَرْوَةٌ (harwatun) burning sensaton, in throat, etc., from rage and pain)—Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 4:6 + 20 times; Impf. יֶחֱרֶה Ex 32:11 + 2 times; יִ֫חַר Gn 18:30 + 7 times; וַיִּ֫חַר Gn 4:5 + 46 times; Inf. abs. חָרֹה 1 S 20:7; cstr. חֲרוֹת 2 S 24:1 ψ 124:3;— 1. of man: a. חרה אף (one’s) anger was kindled, burned Gn 39:19 Nu 22:27 (J), Ex 32:19, 22 (JE), Ju 9:30; 14:19 1 S 11:6 Jb 32:2, 5; c. בְּ against Gn 30:2 (E), 44:18 (J), 1 S 17:28; 20:30 2 S 12:5 2 Ch 25:10 ψ 124:3 Jb 32:2, 3; c. אֶל Nu 24:10 (E). b. impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Gn 31:36 (E), 4:5, 6; 34:7 Nu 16:15 (J), 1 S 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Dr), 18:8; 20:7⁽⁾ 2 S 3:8; 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11, 2 S 13:21; 19:43 Ne 3:33; 4:1; 5:6 Jon 4:1, 4, 9⁽⁾; ins. ויחר לדוד 2 S 11:22 G We Dr; ח׳ בְּעֵינֵי Gn 31:35; 45:5 (E). 2. of God: a. ח׳ אף Ex 22:23 Nu 22:22 (E), Nu 11:1, 10; 32:10 (J); c. בְּ Ex 4:14; 32:10 Nu 12:9 Dt 31:17 (J), 6:15; 7:4; 11:17; 29:26 Jos 23:16 (D), Ju 6:39 2 S 6:7 = 1 Ch 13:10, Ho 8:5 2 K 23:26 2 Ch 25:15 Jb 42:7; בְּעַם Ex 32:11 Nu 11:33 (J), Is 5:25 ψ 106:40; בישׂראל Nu 25:3; 32:13 (JE); Ju 2:14, 20; 3:8; 10:7 2 S 24:1 2 K 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Jos 7:1 (R); בנהרים, אף omitted, Hb 3:8; c. עַל Zc 10:3. b. חרה לְ Gn 18:30, 32 (J) 2 S 22:8 = ψ 18:8.—Note: חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Je Ez Is 2 Pr or poetry of Jb. Niph. Pf. נִחֲרוּ־ sq. בְּ Ct 1:6 (according to Bö ^{ii. 379} De Kö^{. 551}) be angry with; Pt. כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Is 41:11, so 45:24. Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Ne 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but G om. החרה; prob. dittogr.; Impf. וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Jb 19:11 and kindled his anger against me. Hithp. Impf. אַל תִּתְחַר ψ 37:1, 7, 8 Pr 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The foll. forms are somewhat dub.: Impf. 2 ms. אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Je 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses? Pt. כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Je 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiph˓ēl by Thes Ges ^{55, 5} Ew ^{122 a} Ol ^{255 a} Sta ^{159 b} Kö^{. p. 557} al., and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiph˓ēl v. Ba ^{§ 180 a; 1894, 20}; Ba regards the form as denom. (from a noun formed by ת preform., cf. Aramaic ܬܰܚܪܽܘܬܳܐ (taḥruto) contention); SS would point as Hithp. [cf. Syriac ܐܶܬܚܪܺܝ (˒etḥri) contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܢ (ḥeryon) contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., v. supr.

†חָרוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. (burning of) anger (cf. Lag ^{204 Anm.} )—ח׳ Ez 7:12 + 2 times; cstr. חֲרוֹן Nu 25:4 + 33 times; sf. חֲרוֹנִי Ez 7:14 (Co חרון), חֲרוֹנוֹ ψ 2:5; חֲרֹנְךָ Ex 15:7; pl. sf. חֲרוֹנֶי֑ךָ ψ 88:17;—always of God’s anger (v. note, infr.), חֲרוֹן אף Ex 32:12 Nu 25:4; 32:14 Jos 7:26 (J), Dt 13:18 1 S 28:18 2 K 23:26 2 Ch 28:11, 13; 29:10; 30:8 Ezr 10:14 Ho 11:9 Na 1:6 Zp 2:2; 3:8 Is 13:9, 13 Je 4:8, 26; 12:13; 25:37, 38; 30:24; 49:37; 51:45 Jon 3:9 ψ 69:25; 78:49; 85:4 Jb 20:23 La 1:12; 4:11; אף om., Ex 15:7 (song), Ne 13:18 ψ 2:5 Ez 7:12 (del. Co), v 14; pl. bursts of burning anger ψ 88:17.—Note: כְּמוֹ־חָרוֹן ψ 58:10 burning anger G B Jer AV Bae Che; but Thes MV SS DeW Ew Ol Pe, something burning, e.g. thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Je 25:38 מפני ח׳ הַיּוֹנָה because of the fierceness of the oppressor (? AV) would then be the only use of the word of other than God’s anger; here G T Ew Hi Gf Ke Che Gie RV rightly read חרב oppressing sword (as 46:16; 50:16). חרון is not used in H P D ² or E (except song, Ex 15:7) of the Hex; nor in Ez except 7:12 (del. Co), v 14.

†חֳרִי S TWOT GK n.m. burning, always חֳרִי (הָ)אַף of Moses Ex 11:8 (J); Jonathan 1 S 20:34; army of Ephraim 2 Ch 25:10; Rezin Is 7:4; of God Dt 29:23 La 2:3.

חַרְהֲיָה S GK v. חרחיה.

†חֲרוּמַף S GK n.pr.m. father of one of the builders of the wall Ne 3:10.

חרז TWOT (√ of foll.; NH חֲרַז string together, especially jewels or pearls; Aramaic חֲרַז id.; ܚܪܰܙ (ḥraz) id.; Arabic خَرَزَ (ḫaraza) sew or stitch, خَرَزٌ (ḫarazun) beads strung together, neck-ornament).

†[חָרוּז S TWOT GK] n.[m.] string of beads, only pl. צַוָּארֵךְ בַּחֲרוּזִים Ct 1:10 thy neck (is comely) with strings of beads.

†חַרְחֲיָה S GK (van d. H. חרהיה), n.pr.m. (√ and meaning unknown)—father of one of the builders of the wall, Neh.’s time Ne 3:8.

חַרְחוּר S GK, חַרְחֻר S TWOT GK v. sub i. חרר.

†חַרְחַס S GK n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum, who was husband of Huldah the prophetess 2 K 22:14 (v. חַסְרָה).

I. חרט TWOT^, (√ of foll.; Aramaic ܚܪܰܛ (ḥraṭ) cut, scratch, tear; cf. Arabic خَرَطَ (ḫaraṭa) peel off bark, strip off leaves (mod. Arabic turn wood), مِخْرَطٌ (miḫraṭun) iron instrument for doing this).

†חֶ֫רֶט S TWOT GK n.[m.] graving-tool, stylus— 1. graving-tool, with which Aaron fashioned (וַיָּצַר) the molten calf Ex 32:4 (E). 2. stylus, for writing on tablet (גִּלָּיוֹן): כְּתֹב עָלָיו בְּחֶרֶט אֱנוֹשׁ Is 8:1 write on it with a man’s (i.e. an ordinary) stylus = in common characters, intelligible to all (v. Benz ²⁹⁰).

†[חַרְטֹם S^, TWOT^, GK] n.m. Ex 7:22 engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (prob. = ם + חֶרֶט, v. Di Ol ^{216, 5} Sta^{§ 295, 327 a})—only pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּים Gn 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Ex 8:15; 9:11; cstr. חַרְטֻמֵּי Gn 41:8 + 2 times;— 1. magicians of Egypt Gn 41:8 (E; || חֲכָמִים), v 24 (E), Ex 8:3, 14, 15; 7:11 (|| חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v 22 9:11⁽⁾ (all P). 2. magicians of Babylon Dn 1:20; 2:2 (|| אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים). the fact that the word is always applied to Egypt. magicians, except Dn 2:2 (late), suggests Egypt. origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: HarkavyJAs^{, 1870, Mars–Avril, 169} proposes χar, speak + tum, hidden = teller of hidden things; Wied ⁴⁴: thinks Heb. word perhaps imitating an Egypt. cher-ṭem-t, he who holds the book; FCCook ^{‘Speaker’s’ i. 279} proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words.

II. חרט TWOT^, (√ of foll.; relation to I. חרט obscure).

†[חָרִיט S TWOT GK] n.m. 2 K 5:23 bag, purse (cf. Arabic خَرِيطَةٌ (ḫarīṭatun) bag or purse made of skin or other material)—only pl. abs. שְׁנֵי חֲרִטִים 2 K 5:23, containing each a talent of silver; הַֽחֲרִיטִים Is 3:22 in list of ladies’ finery.

חֳרִי S TWOT GK v. חָרָה.

i. חֹרִי S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} white bread v. sub I. חור.

ii. חֹרִי S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} , חוֹרִי n.pr.gent. v. sub III. חרר.

חֲרֵי יוֹנים v. [חרא, חרי]. חֲרִישִׁי v. p. 362.

†I. [חָרַךְ S TWOT GK] vb. set in motion, start (cf. Arabic حَرُكَ (ḥaruka) move, be agitated, ii. set in motion)—only Qal Impf. 3 ms. לֹא־יַחֲרֹךְ רְמִיָּה צֵידוֹ Pr 12:27 slackness (i.e. a slack or slothful man) doth not start its game De RVm, cf. Now (> Be Ew after Jewish trad., doth not roast, Aramaic חֲרַךְ, ܚܪܰܟ (ḥrak) scorch, parch).

II. חרך S TWOT GK (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†חֲרַכִּים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. lattice or other opening through which one may look (Aramaic חֲרַכָּא T Jos 2:15 al. = Heb. חַלּוֹן; but NH חֲרָךְ is an opening smaller than a window)—only מֵצִיץ מִן־הַח׳ Ct 2:9 peeping in at the lattice (|| מַשְׁגִּיחַ מִן־הַחַלֹּנוֹת).

חרל TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†חָרוּל S TWOT GK n.[m.] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (cicercula), v. Löw ^{p. 153} (Syriac ܚܽܘܪܠܴܐ (ḥurlo) fodder for horses; T Pr 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—abs. ח׳ Jb 30:7 Zp 2:9; pl. חֲרֻלִּים Pr 24:31;—as growing in devastated land, coll. Zp 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, pl. כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Pr 24:31 (|| קִמְּשׂנִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Jb 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).

†I. [חָרַם S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb.Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate (MI¹⁷ החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; ii. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ሐረመ (ḥarama) prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. חרם = consacré Vog ³⁵; Nab. id., Eut^{p. 28}; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os ^{1865, 176, 252}, חרמתן DHM ^{1875, 594}; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ (˒aḥrem) anathematize, excommunicate; v. also We ^{iii, 165}, Dr ^{100 ff.}, RS^{. i. 140(150)})—Hiph. Pf. הֶהֱרִים Jos 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Jos 10:28; 2 ms. וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה 1 S 15:18; 1 s. הֶחֱרַמְתּי 1 S 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Nu 21:2; 2 fs. וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Mi 4:13 (so G B S T RV most; MT 1 s.), v. Ges ^{44, R. 4}; pl. הֶחֱרִימוּ 1 S 15:9 2 Ch 32:14 etc.; (1 S 15:3 read והחרמתו G We Dr); Impf. יַחֲרִם Lv 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Nu 21:3 Jos 10:37; sf. וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Jos 10:1; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲרֵם Dt 2:34; 3:6 etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵם Dt 13:16; pl. הַחֲרִימוּ Je 51:3; sf. הַחֲרִימוּהָ Je 50:26; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵם Dt 3:6 + 4 times; cstr. הַחֲרִים 2 Ch 20:23 Dn 11:44; sf. הַחֲרִימָם Jos 11:20 + 4 times;—ban, devote (especially religiously, sq. objects hostile to the theocracy [v. especially Ex 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Jos 6:17, 21 1 S 15:3 with Dt 2:34f.; 3:6, 7], cf. MI¹⁷ לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo);— 1. most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions: a. Isr. and her leaders subj. Nu 21:2, 3 (destruction according to vow), Jos 6:21 (cf. חֵרֶם ליהוה v 17; all J); in v 18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for MT תַּחֲרִימוּ, v. Di VB); 8:26 G, not GL, om. v.), 10:1 (JE), Dt 2:34; 3:6⁽⁾; 7:2⁽⁾ (commanded through Moses, cf. for underlying thought v 4, 5, 6), 20:17⁽⁾ (commanded by י׳), Jos 2:10 10:28, 35, 37, 39, 40 (divine command), 11:11, 12, 20, 21 (divine command v 12, 20; all D), 1 S 15:3, 8, 9⁽⁾, 15, 18, 20 (divine command v 3, 18, 20, cf. v 11, 22, 23); quite secondary is simple exterminate 1 K 9:21, 1 Ch 4:41. b. secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—2 K 19:11 = Is 37:11 = 2 Ch 32:14, 2 Ch 20:23, Je 50:21, 26 (both by divine command), 51:3 Dn 11:44. c. God as subj., fig. all nations and their armies Is 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Je 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Is 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב with G S B T). d. so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Dt 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Ju 21:11. 2. devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Mi 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Lv 27:28 (P). Hoph. Impf. יָחֳרַם Lv 27:29 Ezr 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם Ex 22:19;— 1. be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Ex 22:19 (JE; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Lv 27:29 (P; v. Di). 2. devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezr 10:8.—On חרם v. especially Di (Kn) Lv 27:28; Ew^75.78, Dr 1 S 15:33.

†i. חֵ֫רֶם S TWOT GK^, n.m. Lv 27:28 1. devoted thing. 2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ abs. Jos 6:17 + 24 times (most read חַרֶם Zc 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶ֑רֶם Jos 7:1; sf. חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 Is 34:5;—thing devoted to י׳: 1. thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (e.g. silver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Jos 6:19, 24), set apart to sacred uses; especially a. of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (except Rahab’s family) and spoil Jos 6:17, 18⁽⁾; 7:1, 11, 15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ 7:12 cf. 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt 7:1, 11, 12, 13⁽⁾ (all JE except 7:1 P; cf. v 15, 24, 25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Jos 7:1 22:20 (both P), cf. מָעַל בַּח׳ 1 Ch 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ i.e. of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed 1 S 15:21 (cf. v 3, 8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v 11, 26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Dt 13:17 (cf. v 13, 15, 16). b. of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Dt 7:26⁽⁾; every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Lv 27:29⁽⁾ (P; v. Di). 2. appar. (so Di) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Lv 27:28 (v. Di; and cf. Ezr 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Lv 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v 28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v 28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Jos 6:17, 19) went to Aaron and his sons Nu 18:14 (P), to Zadokite priests Ez 44:29. 3. devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1 K 20:42 man under my (י׳’s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Is 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳ Is 43:28 fig. of י׳’s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zc 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Mal 3:24 smite the land with a ban, i.e. utterly destroy it.

†חֳרֵם S GK n.pr.loc. (sacred; cf. Sab.. n.pr.loc. אחרם DHM ⁴³)—a place in tribe of Naphtali Jos 19:38 (P); not identified.

†חָרִם S GK n.pr.m. (consecrated; cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חרם, יחרמאל Hal^{411. 504} DHM)— 1. priest of the third course, David’s time, according to 1 Ch 24:8. 2. priest of time of Nehemiah Ne 10:6. 3. heads of families of returning exiles: a. Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42, Ezr 10:21 Ne 12:15. b. Ezr 2:32 = Ne 7:35, Ezr 10:31 Ne 3:11. 4. a prince Ne 10:28.

†חָרְמָה S GK n.pr.loc. (asylum, cf. Arabic id., Wetzst ^{1884, 115})—a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Nu 14:45 (JE; art. only here v. Di), 21:3 (J) where name expl. from Israel’s devoting Canaanites of Arad to destruction; Jos 15:30; 19:4 (P), Dt 1:44 Jos 12:14 (D), 1 S 30:30 1 Ch 4:30; originally called צְפַת Ju 1:17, where name is said to have been changed to Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to destruction, v. Di Nu 21:3.—On site v. צְפַת.

†חֶרְמוֹן S TWOT GK n.pr.mont. Hermon (sacred mountain, cf. Sab. מחרם, etc., temple, Arabic حَرَامٌ (ḥarāmun) interior of mosque, حُرْمَةٌ (ḥurmatun) asylum, Wetzst ^{1884, 115} RS ^{i. 93; 2nd ed., 94})—the highest peak of Anti-Lebanon range, usually snow-capped, commanding southern Syria & northern Palestine; it is called שִׂיאֹן by the author of Dt 4:48; by the Amorites שְׂנִיר, by the Sidonians שִׂרְיֹן Dt 3:9. It has three peaks; and the names חרמון and שׂניר, distinguished in 1 Ch 5:23 Ct 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks; חֶרְמוֹנִים ψ 42:7 prob. refers to these different peaks (see Rob ^{iii, 357} Bäd ³⁰¹). It is a northern boundary עד הר ח׳ Dt 3:8 Jos 12:1; הר חרמוֹן mount Hermon is used also Jos 11:17; 12:5; 13:5, 11 1 Ch 5:23; but חרמון Jos 11:3 ψ 89:13; 133:3 Ct 4:8. Vid. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן Ju 3:3 1 Ch 5:23 (see Wetzst^{ib. 115}).

חֶרְמוֹנִים v. foregoing.

†II. [חָרַם S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic خَرَمَ (ḫarama) perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear)—Qal Pt. pass. אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Lv 21:18 (H), v. Di (Kn).

†ii. חֵ֫רֶם S TWOT GK^, n.m. net (as something perforated; cf. Arabic مُخَرَّمٌ (muḫarramun) perforated work, Fl in NHWB^{ii. 208}; NH חֵרֶם net; Ph. חרם maker of nets)—abs. ח׳ Mi 7:2; sf. חֶרְמִי Ez 32:3, חֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:15, 16, 17; pl. חֲרָמִים Ec 7:26 Ez 26:5, 14; 47:10;—hunter’s net Mi 7:2 Ec 7:26; fisherman’s net Ez 26:5, 14; 32:3; 47:10 Hb 1:15, 16, 17.

†חֶרְמֵשׁ S TWOT GK n.[m.] sickle (on form v. Ges ^{85 xii. 55})—Dt 16:9; 23:26.

†i. חָרָן S TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. city in northern Mesopotamia (Assyrian ḫarrânu = road, path COT; cf. Dl ¹⁸⁵; Jensen^{Kosmologie 28} ‘junction of trading-routes’ = cross-roads)—mentioned as city of Abram’s sojourn Gn 11:31, where his father Teraḥ died v 32, and whence he departed for Canaan 12:4, 5; where Laban, Jacob’s uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled 27:43; 28:10 (both חָרָ֫נָה), 29:4; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib 2 K 19:12 = Is 37:12; as place of trade Ez 27:23; Assyrian Ḫarrana (-ni), Schr on Gn 11:31; 27:43 G Χαρραν. It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), v. Schr ^{355, 536}; see further Chwolsohn^{Ssabier i, 303 ff.} Wüstenfeld ^{1864, 443 f.} Schr ^{355, 536} Sachau^{Reise 217 ff.} Mez ^{Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892}.

†ii. חָרָן S TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. son of Caleb of Judah 1 Ch 2:46⁽⁾; G Αρραν, GL Ωρων (Sab. n.pr. חרן DHM ⁵⁶).

חוֹרֹן, חֹרֹן v. בֵּית חוֹרֹן p. 111 supr.

חֹרֹנִי S GK adj.gent. v. id.

†חֹרוֹנַיִם, חֹרֹנַיִם n.pr.loc. (poss. two hollows, caves, ravines, v. בֵּית חוֹרֹן)—דֶּרֶךְ חרונים Is 15:5 Je 48:3, מוֹרַד חֹרוֹנָ֑יִם Je 48:5, חֹרֹנַיִם 48:34, city of Moab; = MI^31.32 חורנן (i.e. prob. הוֹרֹנֵן); G Αρωνιειμ, Ωρωναιμ.—On חֹרֹנַיִם G Jos 13:10, 11 2 S 13:34 v. We Dr and בֵּית חוֹרֹן.

†חַרְנֶ֫פֶר S GK n.pr.m. name in tribe of Asher 1 Ch 7:36 = n.pr.loc. v. Be—G Αναρφαρ, A Αρναφαρ, GL Αριαφερ.

חרס TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

†i. חֶ֫רֶס S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Ju 14:18 sun (NH id.)—abs. ח׳ Jb 9:7 (|| כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Ju 14:18 (cf. לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but read perhaps הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber Sta ^{1884, 253 ff.}).

†ii. [חֶ֫רֶס S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] n.pr.loc. 1. abode of Amorites, בְּהַר־חֶרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַׁעַלְבִֿים Ju 1:35, since חֶרֶס sun = שֶׁמֶשׁ, perhaps = בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ 1. (q.v.), so Stu (who proposes עִיר חֶרֶס = עָר), Ke Be Bu¹⁷ Öt Bla G ἐν τῷ [ὄρει τοῦ] Μυρσινῶνι(-ος) = הַר הֲדַס. 2. place E. of Jordan מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Ju 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres, G Αρες; the point whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm read הֶהָרִים (v. Lag ^{96, 2nd ed. 131}) so SS.—תִּמְנַת־חֶרֶס Ju 2:9 v. sub תִּמְנַת, √ מנה.

iii. חֶרֶס S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} , חַרְסִית S TWOT GK, חרסות S TWOT GK v. sub חרשׂ.

חרע (√ of foll.; perhaps cf. Aramaic ܚܪܰܥ (ḥra˓) Ethpa. be clever, ܚܳܪܥܳܐ (ḥor˓o) shrewd, especially in bad sense; Arabic خَرَعَ (ḫara˓a) split, viii. originate, invent).

†תַּחֲרֵעַ n.pr.m. a great-great-grandson of Saul 1 Ch 9:41 G Θαρα(χ) = תַּאֲרֵעַ 8:35 G Θερεε, A Θαρεε; GL in both Θαραα.

†I. [חָרַף S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. reproach (NH Pi. id.; Aramaic חֲרַף id., ܚܰܪܶܦ (ḥarep) sharpen, ܚܰܪܺܝܦ (ḥarip) sharp, keen, acute);—Qal impf. לֹא־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י Jb 27:6; Pt. sf. חֹרְפִי ψ 119:42 Pr 27:11; חוֹרְפֶיךָ ψ 69:10. Piel. Pf. חֵרֵף Ju 5:18 + 6 times; חֵרַפְתָּ Is 37:23 + 4 times etc. + 10 times pf.; Impf. יְחָרֵף 2 S 21:21 1 Ch 20:7; וְחָ֫רֶף ψ 74:10 + 2 times sf.; Inf. לְחָרֵף Is 37:4 + 5 times; בְּחָֽרְפָם 2 S 23:9 (but v. infr.); Pt. מְחָרֵף ψ 44:17;—reproach,—proposes say sharp things against,—taunt, c. acc. Ju 8:15 1 S 17:10, 25, 26, 36, 45 2 S 21:21 + 1 Ch 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Pr 14:31; 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Is 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel 2 K 19:4, 16, 22, 23 = Is 37:4, 17, 23, 24 = 2 Ch 32:17 (c. לְ); c. בְּ, Philistines 2 S 23:9 MT (but read בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, n.pr.loc., as 1 Ch 11:13 We Dr); reproach, Ne 6:13 ψ 42:11; 44:17; 55:13; 57:4; 74:10, 18; 79:12; 89:52⁽⁾; 102:9 Zp 2:8, 10; poet. and fig., despise, scorn, ח׳ נפשׁ למוּת Ju 5:18.

†חֶרְפָּה S TWOT GK n.f. reproach—ח׳ Gn 34:14 + 35 times; cstr. חֶרְפַּת Jos 5:9 + 15 times; sf. חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ ψ 74:22 etc. + 17 times sfs.; pl. חֲרָפוֹת ψ 69:11 Dn 12:2; cstr. חֶרְפּוֹת ψ 69:10.— 1. taunt of enemy 1 S 17:26; so also 1 S 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Ne 3:36; 5:9 ψ 69:20, 21; 71:13; 89:51; 119:22 Pr 18:3 Is 51:7 Ez 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Je 51:51 Zp 2:8 La 3:61; נתן ח׳ על Je 23:40; נשׂא ח׳ על ψ 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Je 31:19 Ez 36:15 Mi 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא ח׳ על bear reproach for ψ 69:8 Je 15:15 Zp 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Ho 12:15 Ne 3:36; חרף ח׳ ψ 69:10; 79:12; 89:51; הסיר ח׳ מעל 1 S 17:26 Is 25:8; העביר ח׳ ψ 119:39; reproaches against God ψ 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), 74:22; 79:12. 2. reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace: a. sexual 2 S 13:13 Is 47:3 Ez 16:57 Pr 6:33. b. barrenness of womb Gn 30:23 (E) Is 4:1; widowhood Is 54:4. c. hunger Ez 36:30; disease Jb 19:5. d. ritual, uncircumcision Gn 34:14 (P) Jos 5:9 (JE). e. injuries from enemies La 3:30; 5:1 Ne 1:3; 2:7 Jb 16:10 Dn 11:18⁽⁾. 3. a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man ψ 22:7; ח׳ נבל 39:9; היה ח׳ ל׳ become an object of reproach to 31:12; 79:4; 89:42; 109:25 Ez 5:15; (ל׳) לח (היה) Is 30:5 Je 6:10; 20:8; 42:18; 44:8, 12; 49:13 ψ 69:11 Dn 9:16; 12:2; (ל׳) נתן ח׳ Ez 22:4 Jo 2:19 ψ 78:66; נתן לח׳ Je 24:9; 29:18 Ez 5:14 Jo 2:17; שׂים ח׳ ל׳ ψ 44:14; שׂים ח׳ על 1 S 11:2.

†II. חרף (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic خَرَفَ (ḫarafa) gather fruit, pluck).

†חֹ֫רֶף S TWOT GK n.m. harvest-time, autumn (Arabic خَرِيفٌ (ḫarīfun) freshly gathered fruit, autumn (also rain of autumn or beginning of winter) = Sab. חֿרף(ן) DHM ^{1875, xxix. 597}; Sab. חֿרף, חֿרפם = year, cf. Ethiopic ኀሪፍ (ḫarif) annus currens Os(Levy) ^{1865, 168, 174} DHM ^{1883, 369}; Assyrian ḫarpu, Schr ^{1875, 341} KAT ^{53 n.} = COT ^{i. 54 n.})—abs. ח׳ Zc 14:8 + 5 times; sf. חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4;—קַיִץ וָחֹרֶף Gn 8:22 (J), ψ 74:17 Zc 14:8; בֵּית הַח׳ autumn-house or palace Am 3:15 Je 36:22 ( + בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִי in the 9th month, i.e. Nov.–Dec.); מח׳ עָצֵל לֹא יַחֲרשׁ Pr 20:4 a sluggard ploughs not after harvest; as implying maturity, בִּימֵי חָרְפִּי Jb 29:4 in the days of my autumn (prime).

iii. [חָרַף S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb.denom. remain in harvest-time (so Arabic خَرَفَ (ḫarafa); Eng. to winter)—only Qal Impf. 3 fs. כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Is 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.

†חָרֵף S GK (dub. whether from I. or II.) n.pr.m. a chief of the line of Judah 1 Ch 2:51.

†חָרִף, חָרִיף S GK n.pr.m. (cf. Arabic خَرِيفٌ (ḫarīfun) autumn, v. חֹרֶף supr.)— 1. חָרִף head of a family of returned exiles Ne 7:24 (G Αρειφ, GL Ιωρηε) = יוֹרָה (cf. יוֹרֶה early rain) Ezr 2:18 (G Ουρα, A Ιωρα, GL Ωραι). 2. חָרִיף one of those sealed Ne 10:20 G Αρειφ(α), GL Αρηφ.

†חֲרִיפִי S GK Qr, הרופי Kt, adj.gent. c. art.; שְׁפַטְיָהוּ הַח׳ 1 Ch 12:6 (Baer, v 5 van d. H), G Χαρα(ι)φ(ε)ι, A Αρουφι; perhaps, if Qr right, connected with חָרִף Ne 7:24.

†IV. [חָרַף S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. acquire (cf. Arabic حَرَفَ (ḥarafa) turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one’s family)—only Niph. Pt. f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Lv 19:20 (H; cf. NH חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

†I. חָרַץ S TWOT GK^{, ,} vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, Zehnpfund ^{i. 502}; Ph. חרץ decision, Hoffm ^{xxxvi. May 1889, 11})—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jos 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ 1 K 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Ex 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ 2 S 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Is 10:22 Lv 22:22; pl. חֲרוּצִים Jb 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.)— 1. cut, mutilate Lv 22:22 (עַוֶּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת). 2. sharpen, fig. the tongue, לֹא יֶח׳־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְ Ex 11:7 (J), i.e. utter no sound against Isr., Jos 10:21. 3. decide 1 K 20:40 (abs.); so pt. pass. חרוצים ימיו Jb 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (|| מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Is 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision 2 S 5:24. Niph. Pt. נֶחֱרָצָה Is 10:23 + 3 times; נֶחֱרֶצֶת Dn 9:26 (both these forms inf. cstr. according to Ba ⁹⁰); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Is 10:23; 28:22 Dn 9:27 a consumption and strick decision (i.e. that which is strictly determined), כי נ׳ נֶעֱשָׂ֑תָה Dn 11:36; נח׳ שֹׁמֵמוֹת Dn 9:26 strict determining of desolation.

†i. חָרוּץ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , , , ,} adj. sharp, diligent (on this and foll. v. Ba ¹⁷³)—חָרוּץ Is 28:27 + 11 times; pl. חֲרוּצִים Pr 10:4; 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Pr 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Am 1:3;— 1. sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Is 41:15; without מ׳, as subst., 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Am 1:3; Jb 41:22 (fig. of crocodile). 2. fig. diligent: as subst. Pr 21:5; opp. רְמִיָּה Pr 10:4; 12:24, 27; opp. עָצֵל Pr 13:4.—Dn 9:25 v. iv. חרוץ.

†ii. חָרוּץ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , , , ,} n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Jo 4:14⁽⁾ valley of strict decision (v. Ba).

†iii. חָרוּץ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , , , ,} n.[m.] trench, moat (Aramaic חֲרִיצָא; Assyrian ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, id., Dl)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Dn 9:25, si vera l.; as above Ges Herzf Ew Zö Meinh (q.v.); Gr רְחוֹב וחיץ; < G Bev רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

†iv. חָרוּץ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , , , ,} n.pr.m. father of king Amon’s mother 2 K 21:19, G Αρους.

†[חָרִיץ S TWOT GK^, ] n.m. 1 S 17:18 a cut, thing cut, sharp instrument;—pl. cstr. חֲרִיצֵי 1 S 17:18 1 Ch 20:3; חֲרִצֵי 2 S 12:31;— 1. ח׳ הֶחָלָב 1 S 17:18 cuts of milk i.e. cheeses. 2. sharp instr. of iron, 2 S 12:31 = 1 Ch 20:3 בַּמְּגֵרָה ובח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל וּבַמְּגֵרוֹת (cf. Am 1:3 sub חרוץ 1, and Dr).

†חַרְצַנִּים S TWOT GK n.m.pl. some insignificant vine-product, usually taken as grape-kernels, grapestones, from acrid taste, so Thes (after Onk Mishn.), v. also זָג p. 260 supr.: מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן מֵח׳ וְעַד־זָג Nu 6:4 of the wine-vine, including both חרצנים and זג, he shall not eat.

II. חרץ TWOT be yellow (prob. √ of foll.: Syriac ܚܪܰܥ (ḥra˓) id. (rare), ܚܰܪܽܘܥܳܐ (ḥaru˓o) yellow; cf. Aramaic חריע safflower, Arabic إِحْرِيضٌ (˒iḥrīḍun) id.: v. Nö ^{1886, 728}, Löw ^{Aramaic Pflanzenn. 218} Kö ^{1, 137}).

†v. חָרוּץ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , , , ,} n.m. Pr 8:10 gold, poet. (Ph. חרץ, v. Dr ^xxviii.; Assyrian ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ ψ 68:14 + 5 times; gold, always || כֶּסֶף; Zc 9:3, of dove’s wings ψ 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Pr 3:14; 8:10 (ח׳ נִבְחָר) v 19; 16:16.

חרצב TWOT (quadrilit. √ of foll.; cf. Arabic حَضْرَبَ (ḥaḍraba) bind or twist powerfully, Frey).

†[חַרְצֻבָּה S TWOT GK] n.[f.] bond, fetter, pang, only pl. חַרְצֻבּוֹת;— 1. cstr. ח׳ רֶשַׁע Is 58:6 bonds of wickedness i.e. imposed by wicked men (|| אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה). 2. pangs (cf. חֶבֶל, חֵבֶל), abs. אֵין ח׳ למותם ψ 73:4 they have no pangs (read לָ֑מוֹ תָּם וגו׳).

חַרְצַנִּים S TWOT GK v. sub i. חרצוֹ.

†חָרַק S TWOT GK vb. gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (NH id.; Arabic حَرَقَ (ḥaraqa) file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܩ (ḥareq) id.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jb 16:9; Impf. יַחֲרֹק ψ 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ La 2:16; Inf. abs. חָרֹק ψ 35:16; Pt. חֹרֵק ψ 37:12;—grind the teeth in rage against: ח׳ שׁניו על ψ 37:12; 35:16; abs. without על 112:10 La 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Ges ^{119. 3 b. R.} Da ^{§ 73 R. 6}) ח׳ בשׁניו על־ Jb 16:9.

†I. [חָרַר S TWOT GK^{, ,} ] vb. be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرَّ (ḥarra) be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ (ḥarara) Aramaic חַר; cf. Assyrian arâru, glow, SASm ^{i, p. 97} Belser ^{ii, 155})—Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫רָה Jb 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ez 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Is 24:6;— 1. be hot, scorched, Jerus., under fig. of caldron Ez 24:11. 2. burn = be burned, fig. of men, in י׳’s judgment, Is 24:6. 3. burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Jb 30:30. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נָחָ֑ר Ez 15:4, נִחַר ψ 69:4; 3 pl. נִחָ֑רוּ ψ 102:4 (Kö^{. 368}); Impf. וַיֵּחָ֑ר Ez 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Ez 24:10 (del. Co B al.) 1. be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Je 6:29 (fig.); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ez 15:4, 5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. id.) Ez 24:10 (v. supr.). 2. burn, of bones in fever ψ 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, cf. Qal Jb 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני 69:4.—Is 41:11; 45:24 Ct 1:6 v. חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Je 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ew Gf Gie al.,—not Du. Pilp. Inf. רִיב לְחַרְחַר־ Pr 26:21 to kindle strife.

†[חָרֵר S TWOT GK] n.[m.] parched place (Arabic حَرَّاتٌ (ḥarrātun), Bd ¹⁹⁶), only pl. abs. חֲרֵרִים; ח׳ במדבר Je 17:6 (|| עֲרָבָה) fig. of life of godless.

†חַרְחֻר S TWOT GK n.m. violent heat, fever (v. Ba ²⁰⁶)—בַּשַּׁחֶפֶת וּבַקַּדַּחַת וּבַדַּלֶּקֶת וּבַח׳ ובחרב וגו׳ Dt 28:22.

†חַרְחוּר S GK n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezr 2:51 = Ne 7:53; G Αρου(α)ρ (meaning as above? or from ii. חרר?).

II. חרר TWOT^, (√ of foll.; Arabic حَرَّ (ḥarra) be or become free, حُرٌّ (ḥurrun) free, freeborn; NH חרר Pi. set free, חֹר freeman; Aramaic חֲרַר, ܚܰܪ (