†i. [כּוּן S^, TWOT GK^, ]₂₁₈ vb. prob. be firm only in der. conj. (NH Aramaic כּוּן, in der. conj., כִּיוֵּן arrange, direct; ܟܰܘܶܢ (kawen) put right, correct; Assyrian kânu, be firm, right Dl ³²¹; Arabic كَانَ (kāna) (med. و (w)) exist, occur, be; so Ethiopic ኮነ (kona) Sab. כון DHM ^{1875, 599}, Ph. כון be (often));—Niph. Pf. (on 3 ms. v. Pt. infr.), 2 fs. נָכ֫וֹנָה 1 K 2:46; 3 pl. נָכ֫וֹנוּ Pr 19:29; נָכֹ֫נוּ Ez 16:7; Impf. יִכּוֹן Pr 12:3 +; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹן Je 30:20 +; וַתִּכֹּן 1 K 2:12 2 Ch 8:16, etc.; Imv. חִכּוֹן Am 4:12; הִבֹּן Ez 38:7; pl. הכונוּ 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr הָכִינוּ Hiph.); Pt. נָכוֹן Gn 41:32 + (in ψ 93:2 and perhaps elsewhere the Pf. would be poss.); cstr. נְכוֹן Pr 4:18; f. נְכוֹנָה ψ 5:10 + 2 times; pl. נְכֹנִים Ex 19:11 + 2 times; pass. or neut., and (less often) reflex.:— 1. be set up, established, fixed: a. lit., of house upon (עַל) pillars Ju 16:26, 29, so, in metaph., of temple-mt. Is 2:2 = Mi 4:1, עֲדָתו Je 30:20; be firm, of breasts at puberty Ez 16:7; firmly established, of תֵּבֵל ψ 93:1 = 96:10 = 1 Ch 16:30; firm, i.e. a strong support, of י׳’s hand יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עִמּוֹ ψ 89:22 (|| זְרוֹעִי תְאַמְּצֶנּוּ). b. fig., of throne 2 S 7:16 = 1 Ch 17:14, 1 K 2:45 ψ 89:38; 93:2 Pr 16:12; 25:5; 29:14; of king, royal family, kingdom 1 S 20:31 1 K 2:12, 46 2 S 7:26 = 1 Ch 17:24. c. of any persons, be established, stable, secure, enduring Jb 21:8 (c. לִפְנֵי) Pr 12:3, also v 19 (subj. שְׂפֶת אֱמֶת) ψ 101:7 (c. לְנֶגֶד עֵינָ֑י), 102:29 (c. לְפָנֶיךָ), 140:12 (c. בָּאָרֶץ); of plans Pr 16:3; 20:18; נְכוֹן הַיּוֹם 4:18 the established, stable, (part) of the day, i.e. mid-day, when the sun seems motionless in mid-heaven.—2 S 6:6 v. נָכוֹן n.pr. infr. d. fixed, securely determined נ׳ הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הָאֱלֹהִים (|| אֱמֶת) Gn 41:32 (E); so כְּשַׁחַר נָכוֹן מֹצָאוֹ Ho 6:3 MT, but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ Gie ^{Beiträge 208} We^{ad loc.}; substantiated, certain, of an allegation Dt 13:15 = 17:4; אֶל־נָכוֹן according to (what is) certain, = certainly, assuredly 1 S 23:23; 26:4 (v. Dr). 2. in moral sense, be directed aright, of ways Pr 4:26 ψ 119:5 (cf. Hiph. 3); be fixed aright, stedfast נָכוֹן לִבִּי ψ 57:8⁽⁾; 108:2, so 112:7; לִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ 78:37; רוּחַ נָכוֹן 51:12 (|| לֵב טָהוֹר); לא נָכוֹן לעשׂות כן Ex 8:22 (J) is is not right, proper, etc.; pt. f. נְכוֹנָה as subst. = what is right, the right Jb 42:7, 8; = uprightness ψ 5:10. 3. prepare, be ready, pers. Am 4:12 (c. ל inf.); words Pr 22:18; הִכֹּן וְהָכֵן לְךָ Ez 38:7; 2 Ch 35:4 Kt (Qr Hiph.); pt. as adj. = prepared, ready, often c. הָיָה, of persons Ex 19:11, 15; 34:2 Jos 8:4 (all JE); of things, sq. ל pers. Jb 12:5 Ne 8:10, ל loc. Jb 18:12, ל nom. act. ψ 38:18; ב loc. Jb 15:23; 4. pass. be prepared, of judgments Pr 19:29 (ל pers.); of work be arranged, settled 2 Ch 8:16; fig. of prayer ψ 141:2 be arranged, set in order, as incense before thee (> present itself as incense); be arranged, ordered, of temple service 2 Ch 29:35; 35:10, 16.

Hiph. Pf. הֵכִין Jos 4:4 +; sf. הֱכִינַנִי 1 K 2:24; הֱכִינוֹ 2 S 5:12 1 Ch 14:2; הֱכִינָהּ Jb 28:27; 2 ms. הֲכִינוֹתָ Jb 11:13 +; 3 pl. הֵכִינוּ 1 Ch 12:39 +; וְהֵכִינוּ consec. Ex 16:5; 1 pl. הֲכִינוֹנוּ 1 Ch 29:16; הֵכַנּוּ (Ges ^{72, R. 6}) 2 Ch 29:19, etc. Impf. יָכִין Ju 12:6 +; וַיָּ֫כֶן 1 Ch 15:1 + 3 times etc.; Imv. הָכֵן Gn 43:16 +; pl. הָכִינוּ Jos 1:11 +; Inf. abs. הָכֵן Jos 3:17, so הָכִין 4:3 (read הָכֵרו, v. Di), Je 10:23 (v. Gie), Ez 7:14 (v. Sm Co and infr.; see on all Kön^{. 468}); cstr. הָכִין Is 9:6 +; sf. הֲכִינוֹ Na 2:4 Pr 8:27; הֲכִינָתּ Je 33:2; Pt. מֵכִין Je 10:12 + 4 times;—(favourite word in Ch., in various applicatons) 1. establish, set up: a. king (or, one as king) 2 S 5:12 1 K 2:24 1 Ch 14:2, royal seed ψ 89:5, kingdom 1 S 13:13 2 S 7:12 = 1 Ch 17:11, 1 Ch 28:7 2 Ch 12:1; 17:5, throne ψ 103:19 1 Ch 22:10; the world תֵּבֵל Je 10:12 = 51:15; mts. ψ 65:7; heavens Pr 8:27; an altar upon (עַל) its base Ezr 3:3. b. God’s faithfulness ψ 89:3; heart of humble 10:17. c. = accomplish, do Je 33:2 (|| עשׂה), = make Is 40:20 Jb 28:27. d. make firm, only inf. abs., as adv. = firmly הָכֵן Jos 3:17; הָכִין 4:3 (v. supr.) 2. a. fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift Gn 43:25 (J), place Ex 23:20 (JE), 2 Ch 3:1; c. לְ rei 1 Ch 15:1, 3, also (obj. om.) v 12 (vid. Be, and Da ^{§ 144}), 2 Ch 1:4 (בַּהֵכִין), v. Ges ^{138 i}); often prepare food, acc. + לְ pers. Jos 1:11 (D), ψ 78:20; לְ om. Pr 6:8; 30:25; obj. om. 1 Ch 12:39 2 Ch 35:14⁽⁾, 15; both om. Gn 43:16 (J), 1 Ch 9:32; prepare a road Dt 19:3, a sacrifice Zp 1:7, ambuscades Je 51:12, one’s work Pr 24:27, materials for (לְ) temple 1 Ch 22:3, 14, also v 14b (no לְ), 29:2, 3; weapons (c. לְ pers.) 2 Ch 26:14 and (hostile purpose) ψ 7:14, cf. 57:7, Is 14:21 prepare slaughter-place for (לְ) his children; store-rooms 2 Ch 31:11a, also v 11b (obj. om.); gallows (c. לְ pers.) Est 6:4; 7:10; corn (produce of land) ψ 65:10; land v 10, so ( = restore) 68:11; persons (ל) 2 Ch 35:6; fig. of belly preparing deceit Jb 15:35; make preparation (for, לְ rei) 1 Ch 22:5, and v 5 (לְ om.); sq. לִבְנוֹת 1 Ch 28:2, c. acc. material + לִבְנוֹת 1 K 5:32 1 Ch 29:16; without לְ, make ready 1 S 23:22 Na 2:4; Ez 7:14 (read הָכִינוּ הָכֵן Co, for ה׳ הַכֹּל MT) = make full preparation! make thee ready! Je 46:14 (לְ dat. Ethiopic), Ez 38:7 (id.), 2 Ch 35:4. b. provide for, provide, furnish Nu 23:1, 29; 29:7 Jos 4:4 (all JE), Jb 27:16, 17, food for (לְ) raven Jb 38:41, rain for (לְ) earth ψ 147:8; 1 Ch 29:19 2 Ch 2:6 ψ 74:16. 3. direct one’s face towards (אֶל־) Ez 4:3, 7; in moral and spiritual sense, direct one’s step (צַעֲדוֹ) = order aright, Je 10:23 (v. supr.), Pr 16:9, so (פְּעָמַי) ψ 119:133; הֵכִין דְּרָכָיו לִפְנֵי י׳ אֱלֹהָיו 2 Ch 27:6, also (sq. דרכיו only) Pr 21:29 Kt (Qr יָבִין); עַל הַהֵכִין הָאֱלֹהִים לָעָם 2 Ch 29:36 that which God had ordered aright for the people (on art. = pron. rel. v. Ges ^{138, 3, b}); sq. לֵב Jb 11:13 ψ 78:8; + לְ, לֹא הֵכִין לִבּוֹ לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־ר׳ 2 Ch 12:14, so 19:3; 30:19; + לִדְרוֹשׁ אֶת־תּוֹרַת י׳ Ezr 7:10; הכין לבב אֶל־י׳ 1 S 7:3 direct the heart towards י׳, 1 Ch 29:18 (י׳ subj.), so (c. לֵאלֹהִים) 2 Ch 20:33; hence (no obj. expr.) = give attention, sq. inf. Ju 12:6. 4. arrange, order 2 Ch 29:19 (of sacred vessels; + הִקְדַּשְׁנוּ), 35:20 (of temple).

Hoph. Pf. הוּכַן Is 30:33, וְהוּכַן consec. Is 16:5 Zc 5:11; וְהֻכַֿן Na 2:6; Pt. מוּכָן Pr 21:31, pl. מוּכָנִים Ez 40:43;— 1. be established, of throne Is 16:5; be fastened, of hooks Ez 40:43. 2. be prepared for (לְ pers.) Is 30:33 and (לְ temp.) Pr 21:31; abs. Na 2:6; be ready Zc 5:11.

Po˓lēl. Pf. 3 ms. כּוֹנֵן ψ 9:8 + 3 times, וְכוֹנֵן consec. Hb 2:12; sf. כּוֹנְנָהּ Is 45:18; 2 ms. כּוֹבֲנְתָּ ψ 99:4; 119:90, כּוֹנָ֑נְתָּה ψ 8:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְכוֹנֵן Is 62:7; sf. וַיְכֹנְנֶ֑ךָ Dt 32:6, יְכוֹנְנֶהָ ψ 24:2 +, sf. 1 pl. וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ Jb 31:15 (וַיְכוּנֶּנוּ van d. H.); 2 ms. תְּכוֹנֵן ψ 7:10; 21:13, etc.; Imv. כּוֹנֵן Jb 8:8 (but on text v. infra), כּוֹנְנָה ψ 90:17, sf. כּוֹנְנֵהוּ ψ 90:17;—orig. make firm;— 1. set up, establish: a. of men, found, a city Hb 2:12 (|| בנה), ψ 107:36. b. of God establish, king’s throne 2 S 7:13 = 1 Ch 17:12, his own throne ψ 9:8 (לְמִשְׁפָּט), sanctuary Ex 15:7 (song), a nation Dt 32:6 (poem; || קנה, עשׂה), a city ψ 48:9; 87:5 Is 62:7, תֵּבֵל ψ 24:2 (c. עַל, || יָסַד), אֶרֶץ 119:90, cf. Is 45:18, also ψ 68:10 (obj. om., read perhaps אֶרֶץ צִיָּה Bi Che), heavens Pr 3:19 (|| יָסַד־אָ֑רֶץ), moon and stars ψ 8:4; fig., steps of men 40:3, work of men’s hands 90:17⁽⁾, justice 99:4; establish, i.e. vindicate and make secure to righteous (צַדִּיק) 7:10. 2. constitute, make, a man (in womb) Jb 31:15 (|| עשׂה), cf. ψ 119:73 (|| id.); c. acc. + לְ rei + לְ pers. reflex. 2 S 7:24 thou hast made for thyself (לְךָ), thy people (אֶת־עַמְּךָ) Israel for thyself (לְךָ) into a people (לְעָם) for ever. 3. fix, so as to be ready, arrow upon (עַל) string ψ 11:2 so (חֵץ om.) ψ 21:13 (c. עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם), and poss. (חֵץ om.) Is 51:13 (Di Che al.; but dub., cf. Du; verse corrupt according to Che ⁴²⁷), a bow ψ 7:13. 4. direct (sc. לֵב), sq. לְחֵקֶר Jb 8:8, i.e. give attention to (but no || in Po˓l.; read perhaps בּוֹנֵן, cf. Dt 32:10 v. Ol Di). Po˓lal. Pf. be established: מי׳ מִצְעֲדֵי־גֶבֶר כּוֹנָ֑נוּ ψ 37:23 from י׳ are a man’s steps established; = be prepared כּוֹנָנ֑וּ Ez 28:13 but del. Co Da after A B S al. Hithpo˓l. Impf.; be established, of house, 3 ms. יִתְכּוֹנָ֑ן Pr 24:3 (|| יִבָּנֶה), of nation, 2 fs. תִּכּוֹנָ֑נִי (Ges ^{54. 2. b}) Is 54:14; 3 fs. תִּכּוֹנֵן = be restored, of city Nu 21:27 (JE; || תִּבָּנֶה); set oneself, take one’s stand 3 mpl. יִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ψ 59:5.

†ii. כֵּן S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , , ,} adj. right, veritable, honest (proposes firm, upright; Syriac ܟܺܐܢ (kin) recte PS¹⁶⁶²)—abs. כֵּן Ex 10:29 + (on poss. cstr. v. 2 ad fin.); pl. כֵּנִים Gn 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34;— 1. right, usually indecl., often as subst. a right thing, especially c. vbb. dicendi Ex 10:29 (J) כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ, Nu 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, 36:5 (both P); כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ Pr 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (v. De Now VB); = adv. aright, of pronunciation Ju 12:6; also c. vb. agendi Ec 8:10 (on Is 33:23 v. iii. כֵּן sub כנן); right well ψ 65:10; (Che; al. = so); c. לֹא, as adj., not right דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן 2 K 17:9 things which were not right (vb. agendi); of heart of a fool Pr 15:7; Je 23:10; as subst. = what is not right, upright Je 8:6; c. vb. agendi לֹא־כֵן 2 K 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Je 48:30b. 2. veritable, true, כֵּן־צְדָקָה Pr 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Is 16:6 = Je 48:30a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie al.) the untruth of their boastings (לֹא־כֵן as cpd. cstr.); abs., in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Jos 2:4. 3. pl. concr. honest (men) Gn 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (all E).—i. כֵּן thus, so, v. p. 485 infr.; iii. כֵּן place, base, v. sub i. כנן; iv. כֵּן, כִּנִּם, כִּנָּם, v. sub כנן.

†ii. כּוּן S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. city of Hadarezer (מִטִּבְחַת) וּמִכּוּן עָרֵי ה׳ 1 Ch 18:8, G ἐκ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν πολέ(μ)ων ( = בֵּרֹתַי 2 S 8:8); = mod. Kuna, near Bereitan (betw. Laodicea and Heliopolis), according to Furrer ^{viii, 34}, v. בֵּרוֹתָה p. 92 supr., and Thes.

†כּוֹנַנְיָ֫הוּ S GK Kt, כֱּנַנְיָ֫הוּ Qr, n.pr.m. Levites. 1. 2 Ch 31:12, 13 (v. Baer’s note). 2. 2 Ch 35:9.—G Χωμενιας, Χωνενιας, A Χωχενιας.

†יָכִין S GK^, n.pr.m. (he will establish);— 1. a Simeonite Gn 46:10 = Ex 6:15, Nu 26:12, G Ιαχελμ(ν). 2. name of right-hand pillar before temple 1 K 7:21 = 2 Ch 3:17, G Ιαχουμ (opp. בֹּעַז, q.v. p. 126 f. supr.; v. also RS^{, i, 191 (208)}).

†יָכִינִי S GK adj.gent. of יָכִין 1, with art. as n. coll. הַיּ׳ Nu 26:12.

†יְכוֹנְיָה S GK n.pr.m. (may Y. be enduring);—Je 27:20 = יְכָנְ֫יָהוּ 24:1 = יְכָנְיָה 28:4; 29:2 1 Ch 3:16, 17 Est 2:6 = כָּנְיָ֫הוּ Je 22:24, 28; 37:1 (G Ιεχονιας throughout), all of last king but one of Judah, v. יְהוֹיָכִין p. 220 supr..

†מָכוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. Dn 8, 11 fixed or established place, foundation (chiefly poet.);—abs. מ׳ Ex 15:17 + 2 times; cstr. מְכוֹן 1 K 8:39 + 10 times; sf. מְכוֹנִי Is 18:4, מְנוֹנוֹ Ezr 2:68; pl. sf. מְכוֹנֶיהָ ψ 104:5;— 1. fixed place of י׳’s abode on earth Ex 15:17 (song), 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet. fragm.: v. G and Dr ¹⁸²); = place, or site of God’s house Ezr 2:68; כָּל־מְכוֹן הַר־צִיּוֹן Is 4:5, appar. = all the extent of Mt. Zion; redund. (si vera l.) וְהֻשְׁלַךְ מְכוֹן מִקְדָּשׁוֹ Dn 8:11 and the place of his sanctuary shall be thrown down (on difficulties of v., see Bev); of heavens מְכוֹן שִׁבְתְּךָ 1 K 8:39, 43, 49 = 2 Ch 6:30, 33, 29, cf. ψ 33:14; מְכוֹנִי alone Is 18:4; fig. צֶדֶק וּמִשְׁפָּט מְכוֹן כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ ψ 89:15, so 97:2. 2. foundation, only pl., poet. יָסַד אֶרֶץ עַל־מְכוֹנֶיהָ ψ 104:5.

מְכוֹנָה S^, TWOT GK, מְכֹנָה S GK₂₅ n.f. fixed resting-place, base;—abs. מ׳ 1 K 7:27 + 5 times; מְכֹנָה 1 K 7:34⁽⁾, 35; sf. מְכֻנָתָהּ Zc 5:11 (Ges ^{27, 3. R. 1}); pl. מְכוֹנוֹת Je 27:19, מְכֹנֹת 1 K 7:27 + 12 times; sf. מְכוֹנֹתָ֯ו Ezr 3:3;—base or stand of laver כִּיּוֹר 1 K 7:27⁽⁾ + 13 times 1 K 7, 2 K 16:17; 25:13, 16 = Je 52:17, 20, Je 27:19 2 Ch 4:14⁽⁾; of altar Ezr 3:3; of the symbol. ephah Zc 5:11.

†נָכוֹן S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. only in גֹּרֶן נ׳ 2 S 6:6; G Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, GL Ορνα τοῦ Ἰεβουσαίου;=כִּידֹן 1 Ch 13:9.

†תְּכוּנָה S^, TWOT GK n.f. arrangement, preparation, fixed place;— 1. arrangement, disposition תְּכוּנָתוֹ Ez 43:11, i.e. the arrangement of the house (del. Co with G codd.) 2. preparation, וְאֵין קֵצֶה לַתְּכוּנָה Na 2:10 and no end to the preparation (i.e. things prepared, supply, store). 3. fixed place, i.e. dwelling-place, of God ( = מָכוֹן) תְּכוּנָתוֹ Jb 23:3.

†[כַּוָּן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] cake, sacrificial cake (?√ כון; cf. Hiph. 2. a. prepare food, etc. prob. Bab. loan-word, from kamânu, cake used in worship of Ištar, Zim ^{3, 441}.)—only pl. abs. לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּוָּנִים לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם Je 7:18; עָשִׂינוּ לָהּ כ׳ לְהַעֲצִבָהֿ 44:19.

†i. כּוֹס S TWOT GK^, n.f. cup (√ unknown; perhaps kindred with כִּיס, q.v.; NH id.; Ph. כסת; Aramaic כָּס, ܟܳܣ (kos); Arabic كَأْسٌ (ka˒sun) is Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä ¹⁷¹, but see DHM ^{i, 27})—כ׳ abs. Gn 40:11 +; כּ֯יֹס Pr 23:31; cstr. Gn 40:11 +; sf. כּוֹסִי ψ 16:5; 23:5 etc.; pl. abs. כֹּסוֹת Je 35:5;—cup 2 S 12:3; for wine Gn 40:11⁽⁾, 13, 21 (all E), Pr 23:31 Je 35:5; שְׂפַת־כּוֹס 1 K 7:26 2 Ch 4:5; כ׳ תַּנְחוּמִים Je 16:7 the cup offered to mourners; fig. (wine-) cup of judgment of י׳, from which the nations, or Isr., must drink Je 46:12 La 4:21 ψ 75:9; כ׳ חֲמָתוֹ Is 51:17, 22; כ׳ הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה Je 25:15, cf. v 17. 28; כ׳ הַתַּרְעֵלָה Is 51:17, 22; כ׳ שַׁמָּה וּשְׁמָמָה Ez 23:33, cf. v 31, 32, 33; כ׳ יְמִין י׳ Hb 2:16; by bold metaph. Babylon is such a cup כ׳ זָהָב בְּיַד י׳ Je 51:7; so of wicked persons, fire, brimstone, and burning wind are מְנָת־כּוֹסָם ψ 11:6 the portion of their cup; כ׳ in good sense, cup of blessing ψ 23:5 (overflowing); י׳ מְנָת חֶלְקִי וְכוֹסִי ψ 16:5; כ׳ יְשׁוּעוֹת ψ 116:13.

†ii. כּוֹס S TWOT GK^, n.[m.] a kind of owl (according to Vrss; v. Kn-Di Lv 11:17; wd. perhaps onomatop.)—unclean bird Lv 11:17 Dt 14:16, dwelling in ruins כ׳ חֳרָבוֹת ψ 102:7

I. כור TWOT (√ of foll.; perhaps be or make round, hence furnace, pot, basin, from shape; Arabic كَارَ (kāra) wind about (e.g. a turban), كَوْرٌ (kawrun) turn or twist (of turban), كُورٌ (kūrun) blacksmith’s fire-place, hornets’ or bees’ nest, كَارَةٌ (kāratun) bundle; كُور (kūr) means also a camel’s saddle (or ‘howdah’) with its apparatus, v. Frey Lane. > Thes comp. Syriac ܐܶܬܟܰܘܰܪ (˒etkawar) incaluit (Lexx. aestuavit, calefactus est)).

†i. [כָּר S GK] n.[m.] basket-saddle, בְּבַר־הַגָּמָל Gn 31:34 in the camel-basket, i.e. the basket-saddle of the camel, a sort of palankeen bound upon the saddle proper (cf. Kn in Di and reff.) for basket-saddle read < camel-palankeen; the palankeen, or tent-like erection, on the saddle (Burckh^{Bedouisns and Wahabys, 266} Doughty ^{i. 437, ii. 304} Lane^{Mod. Egyptians (5) ii. 158} al.), which seems intended here, is distinct from the basket or pannier (in which some women also travelled, Porter ^{Travels ii. 232}). ii. כַּר v. in alphabetical order.

†כּוּר S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] smelting-pot or furnace (Arabic كُور (kūr); NH id.; Aramaic id., ܟܽܘܪ (kur); Ethiopic ከውር (kawr))—pot or furnace for smelting metals, but alw. in metaph. or sim. of human sufferings in punishment or discipline: iron (fig. of Egypt as place of bondage) מִכּ׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Dt 4:20 Je 11:4, מִתּוֹךְ כ׳ הַבּ׳ 1 K 8:51; gold כ׳ לַזָּהָב Pr 17:3 = 27:21 (|| מַצְרֵף); various metals Ez 22:18, 20, 22; once בְּכוּר עֹ֑נִי Is 48:10 in a smelting-pot of a affliction.

כּוֹר־עָשָׁן n.pr.loc. v. בּוֹר עָשָׁן supr. p. 92b.

†[כִּיר S TWOT GK] n.[m.] cooking-furnace ( Mishn. כִּירָה)—frangible, only du. כִּירַיִם Lv 11:35 (c. תַּנּוּר), perhaps as supporting two pots (Ki); G χυτρόποδες.

†כִּיֹּר, כִּיּוֹר S TWOT GK n.m. pot, basin (NH כִּיּוֹר wash-basin, so Aramaic כִּיּוֹרָא)—abs. כִּיֹּר 1 K 7:30 + 8 times; כִּיּוֹר 1 S 2:14 + 5 times; cstr. כִּיּוֹר Ex 30:18 + 2 times; pl. abs. כִּיֹּרוֹת 1 K 7:40 (but v. infr.), 2 Ch 4:14; כִּיֹּרֹת 1 K 7:43; כִּיּוֹרִים 2 Ch 4:6; cstr. כִּיֹּרוֹת 1 K 7:38;— 1. pot for cooking 1 S 2:14 (|| דּוּד, קַלַּחַת, פָּרוּר). 2. fire-pot כִּיּוֹר אֵשׁ Zc 12:6 (|| לַפִּיד אֵשׁ; fig. of chiefs of Judah). 3. basin of bronze for washing laver; set on a bronze support a. before tabernacle Ex 30:18, 28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:8; 39:39; 40:7, 11, 30 Lv 8:11 (all P). b. 10 in number, 5 at front corners of temple 1 K 7:30, 38⁽⁾, 43 2 K 16:17 2 Ch 4:14, 2 Ch 4:6 (1 K 7:40 read הַסִּירוֹת as v 45 and || 2 Ch 4:11, 16, so Heb. Codd. G B Th Ke Sta Klo al.) 4. platform or stage of bronze (prob. round, bowl-like in shape) on which, according to Chr, solomon stood and kneeled 2 Ch 6:13.

†II. [כוּר S TWOT^, GK] vb. meaning dub., perhaps bore, or dig, or hew (Dl^{. 121} comp. Assyrian kâru, fell trees (Dl ³²⁴))—only Qal Pf. 3 pl. כארו = כָּארוּ for כָּרוּ ψ 22:17 (MT כָּאֲרִי, v. אֲרִי) they have bored (digged, hewn) my hands and my feet (si vera l.; cf. Vrss De Pe Che Bae al.; some, however, deriving from כרה in this sense); hence perhaps following.

†[מְכֹרָה TWOT, מְכוּרָה S TWOT GK] n.f. origin (i.e. place of digging out?)—sg. sf. אֶרֶץ מְכוּרָתָם Ez 29:14; of a people, persons: pl. sf. בְּאֶרֶץ מְכֻרוֹתַיִךְ 21:35 (|| בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נִבְרֵאת); of Jerus., מְכֹרֹתַיִךְ וּמֹלְדֹתַיִךְ מֵאֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי 16:3.

†[מְכֵרָה S TWOT^, GK] n.[f.] prob. the name of a weapon, only pl. sf. כְּלֵי חָמָס מְכֵרֹתֵיהֶם Gn 49:5 weapons of violence are their מ׳ (other conjectures v. in Di).

†כּ֫וֹרֶשׁ S GK and (Ezr 1:1, 2) כֹּ֫רֶשׁ n.pr.m. Cyrus (Pers. K˒ur˒u(š), Spieg ²¹⁵; Bab. Kuraš COT on Ezr 1:1, Dl in Baer ^{Dn. p. x})—king of (Anzan = Susiana, Tiele ^{-Assyr. 469}, and) Persia, conqueror of Babylon (Tiele ^{ib; 468 ff.}), restorer of Jews to Palestine Is 44:28; 45:1 Ezr 1:7; called מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס 2 Ch 36:22⁽⁾, 23 Ezr 1:1⁽⁾, 2 also Ezr 1:8; 4:3, 5 Dn 10:1; simply הַמֶּלֶךְ Dn 1:21.

†i. כּוּשׁ S TWOT GK^, n.pr.pers.m., gent. et terr. (Egyptian Kōš, Steindorff ^{i, 593}, Assyrian Kûsu, Id. ^ib. Dl ²⁵¹; Kaši in Tel Amarna tablets, vid. Wkl ³⁹ );— 1. 1st ‘son’ of חָם Gn 10:6, 7 (P) = 1 Ch 1:8, 9, G Χονς, B Chus, from whom descended according to these vv. the southernmost peoples known to Hebrews. 2. land and people of southern Nile-valley, or Upper Egypt, extending from Syene (ez 29:10) indefinitely to the south, G Αιθιοπια, Αιθιοπες: a. the land Is 11:11; 18:1 Zp 3:10 Ez 29:10 Jb 28:19 Est 1:1; 8:9. b. the people Is 20:4 Je 46:9 Ez 38:5; personif. ψ 68:32. c. indeterminate, either land or people, or including both: Is 20:3, 5; 43:3; 45:14 2 K 19:9 = Is 37:9 Na 3:9 Ez 30:4, 5, 9 ψ 87:4 (G λαὸς Αιθιοπων). 3. in Gn 10:8 (J) = 1 Ch 1:10 כּוּשׁ is err. for כַּשׁ = Bab. Kaššu, according to Schr on Gn 10:6, Dl ^{51 ff. 72 f.} and most Assyriol.; so perhaps also Gn 2:13 (J), yet v. Hpt^{Über Ld. u. Meer, 1894–5, 15}.

†ii. כּוּשׁ S TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. a Benjamite, ψ 7:1 (title), G Χουσει υἱοῦ Ιεμενει.

†i. כּוּשָׁי adj.gent. of i. כּוּשׁ;—m. כּוּשִׁי Je 13:23 + 13 times; f. כֻּשִׁית Nu 12:1⁽⁾; pl. כּוּשִׁים Zp 2:12 + 6 times; כֻּשִֿׁים Dn 11:43; כֻּשִׁיִּים Am 9:7;—a. sg. agreeing with noun Nu 12:1⁽⁾ (E; only here fem.); b. = subst.; a Cushite Je 13:23. c. id. c. art.; the Cushite, of Joab’s adjutant 2 S 18:21⁽⁾ (where read חַכּ׳, for MT כ׳, We Dr Kit Bu), v 22, 23, 31⁽⁾, 32⁽⁾; in appos. with n.pr. Je 38:7, 10, 12; 39:16 2 Ch 14:8. d. pl. (הַ)כּוּשִׁים = subst. Zp 2:12 2 Ch 12:3; 14:11⁽⁾, 12; 16:8; 21:16; so כֻּשִֿׁים Dn 11:43, כֻּשִׁיִּים (si vera l.) Am 9:7.

†ii. כּוּשִׁי S^{, ,} TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. G Χουσει— 1. Je 36:14 great-grandfather of יְהוּדִי, q.v. (perhaps orig. appellat. Cushite). 2. father of prophet Zephaniah Zp 1:1.

†כּוּשָׁן S GK n.pr., gent. vel terr., only אָהֳלֵי כ׳ Hb 3:7 (|| מִדְיָן), G Αιθιοπων.

†כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַ֫יִם S GK n.pr.m. king of Aram Naharaim Ju 3:8⁽⁾, 10⁽⁾; otherwise unknown, G Χουσαρσαθαιμ, GL Χουσανρεσαμωθ.

כּוֹשָׁרוֹת v. [כּוֹשָׁרָה] sub כָּשַׁר.

†כּוּתָה S GK, כּוּת S GK n.pr.loc. whence king of Assyria (Sargon) transported colonists into N. Israel, מִכּוּתָה 2 K 17:24, אַנְשֵׁי־כוּת v 30; Bab. Kûtû, Kûtê, mod. Tel-Ibrahim, c. 20 m. NE. from Babylon, v. COT 2 K 17:24 Dl²¹⁷ M-A ^{1892, xi, 169}.

†[כָּזַב S TWOT GK] vb. lie, be a lier (Arabic كَذَبَ (kaḏaba) Aramaic כְּדַב ܟܕܰܒ (kdab) id. chiefly Pa.; NH כָּזַב)—Qal Pt. כָּל־הָאָדָם כֹּזֵב ψ 116:11 (cf. כָּזָב 62:10). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. תֹּחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה Jb 41:1 his hope has been made deceptive, i.e. been shewn to be so; 2 ms. consec. וְנִכְזָ֑בְתָּ Pr 30:6 lest he convict thee and thou be proved a liar. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּזֵּב Mi 2:11; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַזֵּך Hb 2:3 Pr 14:5; וִיכַזֵּב Nu 23:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. (בְּ)כְזֶּבְכֶם Ez 13:19;— 1. lie, tell a lie, abs., Nu 23:19 (JE), Mi 2:11 Jb 6:28; 34:6 Pr 14:5 Is 57:11; sq. לְ pers. lie to Ez 13:19 ψ 78:36; 89:36; sq. בְּ pers. tell a lie with, i.e. in intercourse, converstion with 2 K 4:16. 2. disappoint, fail, of a divine revelation Hb 2:3; waters of a spring Is 58:11. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַכְזִיבֵנִי Jb 24:25 who will make me a lair? i.e. prove me to be so (cf. Niph.)

†כָּזָב S TWOT GK n.m. Am 2:4 lie, falsehood, deceptive thing;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:2 + 19 times; pl. abs. כְּזָבִים Ju 16:10 + 9 times; sf. כִּזְבֵיהֶם Am 2:4;—lie, falsehood, c. דִּכֶּר Ju 16:10, 13 Ho 7:13 Zp 3:13 Dn 11:27 ψ 5:7; 58:4, so Ez 13:8 Co (by transp. כ׳ with שָׁוְא, cf. v 6, 7, 9); c. יָפִיחַ (in Pr) Pr 6:19; 14:5, 25; 19:5, 9; of false prophecies (divinations) c. אָמַר, מִקְסַם כ׳ Ez 13:7; c. קָסָם v 9; 21:34; 22:28 + 13:6 G Co (קָסוֹם כ׳, for MT קֶסֶם כ׳); c. שָׁמַע 13:19, בִּקֵּשׁ ψ 4:3; c. רָצָה delight in 62:5; so in the phr. דְּבַר־כ׳ Pr 30:8, אִישׁ כ׳ 19:22 = liar, עֵד בְּזָבִים 21:28 = false witness; of idols as a lie (res ementita) Am 2:4, so prob. שָׂטֵי כ׳ those turning aside to a lie ψ 40:5 (cf. אָוֶן, אֱלִיל, הֶבֶל, שֶׁקֶר); then of empty human pretensions כ׳ וָשֹׁד יַרְבֶּה Ho 12:2, Is 28:15 (|| שֶׁקֶר), v 17 (מַחְסֵה כ׳), ψ 62:10 (|| הֶבֶל; cf. בֹּזֵב 116:11); לֶחֶם כְּזָבִים Pr 23:3 = deceptive (disappointing) bread.

†כְּזִיב S GK n.pr.loc. in plain of Judah Gn 38:5, G Χασβι, = אַכְזִיב 1. v. infr.

†כֹּֽזֵ֗בָא S GK n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 4:22 G Σωκηθα, A GL Χωζηβα, = אַכְזִיב 1. v. infr.

†כָּזְבִּי S GK n.pr.f. a woman of Midian Nu 25:15, 18, G Χασβ(ε)ι.

†אַכְזָב S TWOT GK adj. deceptive, disappointing (elative; opp. אֵיתָן q.v. sub יתן)—only abs. sg.:—Mi 1:14 (with play on n.pr. אַכְזִיב); of a deceptive, disappointing stream (cf. Is 58:11) Je 15:18 (|| מַיִם לֹא נֶאְמָ֑נוּ; on meaning cf. Jb 6:15 ff.)

†אַכְזִיב S GK n.pr.loc. 1. in lowland of Judah Jos 15:44 (G Ακιεζει καὶ Κεζειβ, GL Αχζειβ), Mi 1:14 (G οἴκους ματαίους; v. also כְּזִיב, כֹּזֵבָא). 2. in Asher Ju 1:31 (G Ασχαζει), and (אַכְזִ֫יבָה) Jos 19:29 (G Εχοζοβ, A Αχζειφ, GL Αχαζειβ); it lay on the coast S. of Tyre, in As; Akzibi, COT Jos 19:29 Dl²⁸⁴; Gk. Εκδιππα; mod. ez-Zîb, Bd ²⁷² Buhl ^{§ 120} and (on prounciation) Kasteren ^{xiii. 101}.

כזר TWOT (√ of foll.; Aram; Ethpe. be cruel (T Jb 10:1), cf. Syriac ܟܙܺܝܪܳܝܳܐ (kziroyo), miles, vir strenuus PS¹⁷¹⁸, who comp. Pers. كَزير (kazyr) athleta, heros (Vullers)).

†אַכְזָר S TWOT GK adj. cruel, fierce, of poison (רֹאשׁ) Dt 32:33; elsewhere of men, fierce Jb 41:2; as subst. = a cruel one Jb 30:21 (of God), La 4:3.

†אַכְזָרִי S TWOT GK adj. cruel, always in this form;—Pr 12:10; 17:11 Je 6:23; 50:42, also 30:14 (read מוּסָר א׳, for MT מוּסַר, Gf Gie); as subst. Pr 5:9; 11:17, perhaps also, in appos. with יוֹם י׳, Is 13:9.

†אַכְזְרִיּוּת S TWOT GK n.f. cruelty, fierceness, only א׳ חֵמָה וְשֶׁטֶף אָ֑ף pr 27:4 fierceness of rage and outpouring of anger.

†i. כֹּחַ S TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; G B AV chameleon; on various opinions v. Di.

ii. כֹּחַ S TWOT^, GK^, v. sub כחח.

†[כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usually) pass. (Aramaic אתכחדו be effaced †Jb 4:7; ܟܚܶܕ (kḥed) is revere, Pt. venerable, Pa. put to shame, Ethpa. be ashamed; Ethiopic ክሕደ (kəḥda) deny, apostatize)—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִכְחַד Ho 5:3 + 2 times; 3 pl. נִכְחָ֑דוּ Jb 4:7 ψ 69:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִכָּחֵד 2 S 18:13, etc.; Pt. נִכְחֶדֶת Zc 11:9; pl. נִכְחָדוֹת Zc 11:16 Jb 15:28;— 1. be hidden, sq. מִן pers., 2 S 18:13 Ho 5:3 ψ 69:6; 139:15. 2. be effaced, destroyed Zc 11:9 Jb 4:7; 15:28 (עָרִים נִכְחָדוֹת), 22:20, sq. מִן־הָאָרֶץ Ex 9:15 (J) Pt. intrans. of incomplete process = going to ruin Zc 11:9⁽⁾, 16. Pi. Pf. כִּחֵד 1 S 3:18; 1 s. כִּחַדְתִּי Jb 6:10 ψ 40:11; 3 pl. כִּחֲדוּ Jb 15:18; כִּחֵ֑דוּ Is 3:9; Impf. 2 ms. תְּכַחֵד Jos 7:19 + 4 times; 2 fs. תְּכַחֲדִי 2 S 14:18; 1 s. אֲכַחֵד Jv 27:11; 2 mpl. תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ Je 50:2; 1 pl. נְכַחֵד Gn 47:18 ψ 78:4;—hide, sq. מִן pers. Gn 47:18 (J), Jos 7:19 (JE), 1 S 3:17⁽⁾, 18 2 S 14:18 Je 38:14, 25 ψ 78:4; sq. לְ pers. ψ 40:11 conceal toward, with ref. to, i.e. from; without prep. Is 3:9 Je 50:2 Jb 15:18; 27:11; = disown Jb 6:10. Hiph. Pf. 1 s. consec. sf. וְהִכְחַדְתִּיו Ex 23:23; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּכְחֵד 2 Ch 32:21, sf. יַכְחִידֶנָּה Jb 20:12; 1 s. וָאַכְחִד Zc 11:8; 1 pl. sf. וְנַכְחִידֵם ψ 83:5; Inf. cstr. לְהַכְחִיד 1 K 13:34;— 1. hide, in fig. יַכְחִידֶנָּה תַּחַת לְשֹׁנוֹ Jb 20:12 (obj. wickedness) 2. efface, annihilate Ex 23:23 (E), 1 K 13:34 (|| חַשְׁמִיד), Zc 11:8 2 Ch 32:21; sq. מִגּוֹי ψ 83:5, i.e. from being (so that they be not) a nation.

כחח TWOT (√ assumed by Thes Buhl al. for foll. Ba ⁷⁹ proposes √ כוח).

†ii. כֹּחַ S TWOT^, GK^, and (†Dn 11:6) כּוֹחַ n.m. Dt 4:37 strength, power (NH id.);—כ׳ abs. Dt 8:18 +; cstr. Nu 14:17 +; sf. כֹּחִי Gn 31:6 +; כֹּחֲךָ Ju 16:6 +, כֹּחֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:10, כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10, etc.; always sg.;— 1. human strength: a. physical, of Samson Ju 16:5, 6, 9, 15, 17, 19, 30; strength in toil Is 44:12 (זְרוֹעַ כֹּתוֹ), v 12 Lv 26:20 Ne 4:4; of manly vigour (in procreation) אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 (poem in J; said to Reuben); vigour in gen. Jos 14:11⁽⁾ (JE), Ju 6:14 1 S 28:22 Jb 6:11, 12 ψ 31:11; 38:11; 71:9; 102:24; Pr 20:29; as sustained by food 1 K 19:8; lack of such vigour is לֹא־כֹחַ Jb 26:2, cf. מִכֹּחַ Je 48:45 without strength; בְּלֹא־כ׳ La 1:6; יְגִיעֵי־כ׳ Jb 3:17; כֹּחַ לֹא־הָיָה בוֹ 1 S 28:20, cf. Dn 10:8, 17; in ψ 22:16 read חִכִּי, so Ew Ol Che al.; specif. of power of voice Is 40:9. b. more inclusively, ability, efficiency: sq. inf., ability to weep 1 S 30:4; to get wealth Dt 8:18; to bring forth (a child; in fig.) 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3; sq. לַעֲמֹד Dn 1:4 Ezr 10:13, cf. Dn 11:15; without inf. 1 Ch 29:2 Ezr 2:69; of efficiency in battle 2 Ch 14:10; 20:12; 26:13; for porter’s service in temple אִישׁ־חַיִל בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Ch 26:8; ability or efficiency in gen. Gn 31:6 Pr 24:5, 10 Ec 4:1; 9:10, so prob. כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם Jb 30:2; עָצַר כֹּחַ (late, cf. עצר) retain ability or strength, sq. inf.; נַעְצֹר כ׳ לְהִתְנַדֵּב 1 Ch 29:14 that we should retain (have) ability to make freewill-offerings; to build 2 Ch 2:5; c. neg., without inf., Dn 10:8, 16 (cf. 11:6, c.). c. power of a people, or king, Jos 17:17 Na 2:2 Hb 1:11 Is 49:4 (of servant of י׳), La 1:14 Dn 8:22, 24a, also v 24b (si vera l., v. Bev), 11:25 (|| לֵבָב); c. עָצַר 2 Ch 13:20; 22:9 Dn 11:6 (לֹא תַעְצֹר כ׳ הַזְּרוֹעַ, cf. b); in Ho 7:9 fig. of body seems combined with that of land yielding produce (v. 5 infr.) d. power opp. to that of God Am 2:14 Is 10:13 (כ׳ יָדִי), Dt 8:17 1 S 2:9 Zc 4:6 Jb 36:19 ψ 33:16. e. power conferred by God Is 40:29, cf. v 31; 41:1; of prophetic power Mi 3:8. 2. strength of angels ψ 103:20. 3. power of God: in creation Je 10:12; 51:51 (see also 32:17 infr.); ψ 65:7; in governig the world 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6 ψ 29:4; in acts of deliverance and judgment Ex 9:16; 15:6; 32:11 Nu 14:13, 17 (JE), Is 50:2 2 Ch 25:8 Jb 9:19; 24:22; 26:12; 30:18; 36:22; in combin. כֹּחַ גָּדוֹל Dt 4:37; || יָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11 (JE), Ne 1:10; || זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 9:29 2 K 17:36 Je 27:5; 32:17; he is רַב־כֹּחַ ψ 147:5, cf. רֹב כֹּחוֹ Is 63:1 Jb 23:6; also גדול־כֹּחַ Na 1:3; אַמִּיץ כֹּחַ Is 40:26 Jb 9:4, שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ 37:23; כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו ψ 116:6 the power of his works; קוֹל י׳ בַּכֹּחַ ψ 29:4 (of thunder); specif. of his wisdom (rather peculiarly, Elihu) כַּבִּיר כֹּחַ לֵב Jb 36:5 mighty in strength of mind. 4. of animals: wild ox Jb 39:11, horse v 21, hippopot. 40:16, bullock Pr 14:4; he-goat Dn 8:6, ram v 7. 5. strength, of soil i.e. produce, Gn 4:12 (J), Jb 31:39; (Ho 7:9 v. 1. c supr.); = wealth (cf. חַיִל Pr 5:10 Jb 6:22.

†[כָּחַל S TWOT GK] vb. paint (eyes) (NH id.; Aramaic כְּחַל, ܟܚܰܠ (kḥal); Ethiopic ኰሐለ (kʷaḥala) Arabic كَحَلَ (kaḥala))—Qal Pf. in רָחַצְתְּ כָּחַלְתְּ עֵינַיִךְ וגו׳ Ez 23:40 (Co reads 3 pl.);—v. also פּוּךְ.

†כָּחַשׁ S TWOT GK vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean (NH כָּחַשׁ grow lean; Hiph. convict of falsehood, refute; Aramaic כְּחַשׁ grow lean; כַּחְשָׁא leanness, כְּחִישׁוּתָא leanness, weakness; Aph. as NH Hiph.)—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וּבְשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 109:24 my hath grown lean (away) from fatness (|| בִּרְכַּי כָּֽשְׁלוּ מִצּוֹם). Niph. Impf. וְיִכָּֽחֲשׁוּ אֹיְבֶיךָ לָךְ Dt 33:29 thine enemies shall cringe (come cringing, i.e. orig. act deceptively, feigning obedience) to thee (cf. also Pi 3, Hithp.) Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּחֵשׁ 1 K 13:18 Hb 3:17; וְכִ֫חֶשׁ consec. (bef. monosyll.) Lv 5:22 Jb 8:18, etc.; Impf. (בָּהּ) יְכַ֫חֶשׁ Ho 9:2; 3 fs. וַתְּכַחֵשׁ Gn 18:15, etc.; inf. abs. כַּחֵשׁ Ho 4:2 Is 59:13; cstr. Zc 13:4;— 6. deceive, abs. Gn 18:15 (J), Jos 7:11 (JE), Ho 4:2 (אלה וכחשׁ together = false swearing according to We^{Kl. Pr.}; + וְרָצֹחַ וְגָנֹב וְנָאֹ֑ף), cf. לֹא תִגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁוּ וְלֹא תְשַׁקְּרוּ אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ Lv 19:11 (H); לְמַעַן כ׳ Zc 13:4 in order to deceive; sq. לְ pers. 1 K 13:18 Jb 31:28; sq. בְ pers. et rei Lv 5:21, בְ rei v 22. 7. act deceptively against (i.e. seem to acknowledge, but not really do so), sq. בְ pers. Jos 24:27 (E) Je 5:12 Is 59:13 Jb 8:18, appar. also וְתִירוֹשׁ יכ׳ בָּהּ Ho 9:2 and new wine shall deny her (Isr.; i.e. refuse to acknowledge her as its mistress, not yield itself to her); abs. Pr 30:9. 3. cringe = come cringing (make shew of obedience, v. Niph.), sq. בְ pers. ψ 18:45 (Hithp. in || 2 S 22:45); sq. לְ pers. ψ 66:3; 81:16. 4. disappoint, fail, abs. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה זַיִת Hb 3:17 the product of the olive hath failed (in sense comp. Ho 9:2 supr.)

Hithp. Impf. יִתְכַּחֲשׁוּ לִי 2 S 22:45 shall come cringing to me (|| ψ 18:45, v. supr.)

†כַּ֫חַשׁ S TWOT GK n.m. Jb 16:8 1. lying 2. leanness;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:1 + 2 times; כָּ֑חַשׁ Ho 10:13; sf. כַּחֲשִׁי Jb 16:8; pl. sf. כַּחֲשֵׁיהֶם Ho 7:3;— 1. lying, אֲכַלְתֶּם פְּרִי כ׳ Ho 10:13 ye have eaten the fruit of lying; 7:3 (|| רָעָה), 12:1; of Nineveh, כ׳ פֶּרֶק מְלֵאָה Na 3:1 of lying (and) robbery it is full; ψ 59:13 (|| אָלָה). 2. of Job’s affliction Jb 16:8 my leanness hath risen up against me (cf. ψ 109:24; T J Gn 41:27, Ec 12:5; Talm. כחשׁא; > my lying, i.e. my affliction regarded as a lying witness, Di Buhl al.)

†[כֶּחָשׁ S TWOT GK] adj. deceptive, false (on format. v. Ba ⁵⁰ Ges ^84b)—בָּנִים כֶּחָשִׁים Is 30:9 (|| עַם מְרִי).

I. כִּי S^, TWOT^, GK^, conj. that, for, when (Moab. id.: Ph. ‍כ‍. Prob. from the same demonstr. basis found in ܟܳܐ (ko) here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (W ^{110 f.}); perhaps also ultim. akin with لَىْ (lay) that, in order that, and ܟܰܝ (kay) then, enclit., like Lat. nam in quisnam?)— 1. that (ὅτι, Germ. dass): a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accus.: so constantly, after vbs. of seeing, as Gn 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב and God saw that it was good, 3:6; 6:2, 5; 12:14 + often, hearing 14:14; 29:33, knowing 22:12; 24:14, telling 3:11; 12:18, repenting 6:6, 7, swearing Gn 22:16 Je 22:5, believing Ex 4:5 La 4:12, remembering ψ 78:35, forgetting Jb 39:15; אָמַר = command (late; in early Heb. the words said are quoted) Jb 36:10, 24) זְכֹר in a command) 37:20b 1 Ch 21:18 (contrast 2 S 24:18) etc.; טוֹב כּי it is good that … 2 S 18:3 + (v. p. 374b: usually the inf. c., as Gn 2:18; v. ibid.); Gn 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (impf.) …? Mal 3:14 what profit כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (pf.) …? Jb 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that …? after a pron., as ψ 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, 42:5 these things will I remember … that (or how) I used to go, etc., 56:10 this I know that god is for me, Jb 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleon. after an intervening clause 2 S 19:7 Je 26:15 +; כִּי … וְכִי Gn 3:6; 29:12 Ex 4:31 Jos 2:9; 8:21; 10:1 1 S 31:7 2 S 5:12 1 K 11:21 Je 40:7, 11; לֵאמֹר … וְכִי Gn 45:26 Ju 10:10. b. בִּי often introduces the direct narration (like ܕ (d), أَنْ (˒an), and the Gk. ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gn 21:30; 29:33 and she said, כִּי שׁמע י׳ Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Ex 3:12 = Ju 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶחְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Jos 2:24 1 S 2:16 (v. Dr) 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 S 11:23 1 K 1:13; 20:5 Ru 1:10, cf. 2:21 (but in reply to a qu. כִּי may = because, v. sub 3; and so also in sentences giving the expl. of a proper name, Gn 26:22; 29:32 (but De surely: v. infr.), Ex 2:10 (cf. Gn 4:25; 41:51, 52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 S 29:8 1 K 11:22 2 K 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed ‘Why do you say this?’). c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, חַי י׳ etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gn 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Heb. usage prob. gave it an asseverative force, Engl. idiom does not require it to be expressed: Nu 14:22 1 S 20:3 as י׳ liveth, כִּי כִפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 26:16; 29:6 Is 49:18 +; 1 S 14:44 כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 S 3:35 1 K 2:23 Ru 1:17 al.—Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gn 22:16f. 1 S 14:39 כִּי מוֹת יָמוּת (אִם־יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּיוֹנָתָן בְּנִי) חַי י׳ כִּי 25:34 2 S 2:27 כִּי אָז וג׳ (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 3:9; 15:21 Qr 1 K 1:30 Je 22:24. d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows: (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (v. אַף); †הֲכִי is it that …? (as a neutral interrrog.) 2 S 9:1, (expecting a neg. answer) Gn 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Jb 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gn 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 S 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (wh. would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read prob. with the || 1 Ch 11:25 הִנּוֹ behold, he, etc.; †אִם־לֹא כִּי Dt 32:30 were it not that …; †אָמְנָם כִּי Jb 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; †אַךְ כִּי 1 S 8:9; אֶפֶס כִּי Nu 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי †Ru 2:21; †הֲלֹא כִי 1 S 10:1 (but v. G Dr), 2 S 13:28; †הִנֵּה כִי ψ 128:4; cf. ψ 118:10—12 בְּשֵׁם י׳ כִּי אֲמִילַֽם in the name of י׳ (is it) that—or (I say) that—I will mow them down; Jb 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֹ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Is 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? … וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew ^{354 c} De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אָף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2 K 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v 35; 2 Ch 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the orig. וְכִי). 1 Ch 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי. (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then …, Gn 31:42; 43:10 for unless we had taried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Nu 22:23 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 S 14:30 G (after לוּא), and 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Jb 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gn 29:32 Jb 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Ex 9:15 Nu 22:29 Jb 3:13; 6:3 + ). It is dub. whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 S 2:27; 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitat. preceding (vid. a, c). Rare otherwise: Ex 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִם־צָעֹק יִצְעַק ’tis that ( = indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Is 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאָמֵֽנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established. e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emph., yea, surely, certainly (Germ. ja—a lighter particle than these Engl. words): see in EVV Gn 22:17 Ex 18:11 Nu 23:23 1 S 17:25; 20:26 2 K 23:22 Is 32:13; 60:9 Je 22:22; 31:19 Ho 6:9; 8:6; 9:12; 10:3 Am 3:7 ψ 76:11; 77:12 (Ew Che), Pr 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Ec 4:16; 7:7, 20 Jb 28:1 +; La 3:22 (S T Ew Th Öt) the mercies of י׳, surely they are not consumed (read prob. תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ru 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De Pr 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. f. that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: sq. perf., Gn 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought on me? 1 S 17:26; 22:8 Is 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? v 16 36:5; 52:5 Mic 4:9 Hb 2:18; sq. ptcp. Ju 14:3 1 S 20:1 1 K 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 K 5:7 Ez 24:19; usually sq. impf. Ex 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? 16:7 Ju 8:6; 9:28; 2 K 8:13 Is 7:13; 29:16 (also pf.), ψ 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Jb 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָקֽ ׃ that I should suck? 6:11 מַה־כֹּחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, 7:12, 17; 10:5f.; 13:25f; 15:12f. 14; 16:3; 21:15 +; after a neg., Gn 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, ψ 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc., כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Is 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Ho 1:6 (v. RV), Jb 41:2 Ru 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתָּי that I should have said, etc. (cf. Ew ^???337a; Dr ^{39 δ}). g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. …, as יַעַן כִּי because that …: v. sub יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gn 6:1 (cf. Bu ⁶), 26:8; 27:1 2 S 6:13; 7:1; 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר, and especially ךְּ c. inf., are more freq.); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1 S 1:12; 17:48; Jos 22:7 Ju 2:18; 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (freq.) they said, Je 44:19 (ptcp.), Ho 11:1 ψ 32:3 כי החרשׁתר when I was silent, Jb 31:21, 26, 29; of present (usually with impf.) as Ex 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1 S 24:20 Is 1:12; 30:21 Je 14:12 Zc 7:5, 6 Mal 1:8 ψ 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, 102:1; 127:5 +, with pf. Ez 3:19–21; 33:9 Pr 11:15; 23:22; especially of future, as Gn 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., 24:41; 30:33; 31:49; 32:18 Ex 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Dt 4:25; 6:20 +; in phrase (תֹּאמַר וג׳) וְכִי תֹּאמְרוּ Lv 25:20 Dt 18:21 Is 8:19; 36:7 Je 13:22; and especially in וְהָיָה כִּי … Gn 12:12; 46:33 Dt 6:10; 15:16 1 S 10:7; 25:30 Is 8:21; 10:12 + often; with pf. Is 16:12 1 Ch 17:11 (altered from impf. 2 S 7:12); with ptcp. (unusual) Nu 33:51; 34:2 Dt 11:31; 18:9. b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם:—(mostly with impf.) Gn 38:16 Nu 5:10; 10:32 Dt 6:25; 7:17; 28:2, 13 1 S 20:13 2 S 19:8 2 K 4:29; 18:22 Je 38:15 Pr 4:8 Jb 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), 19:28; often in laws, as Ex 21:14, 33, 35, 37; 22:4, 5 etc., Dt 13:13; 14:24; 15:7, 12; 17:2; 18:6, 21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Ex 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which v 3–5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so 21:7 (כי), v 8–11 (אם); v 18 (כי), v 19 (אם); v 20 (כי), v 21 (אם); v 22 f. 28–32; Lv 1:2 (כי), v 3, 10 (אם) 4:2, 3, 13, 27, 32; 13:2 ff. Nu 30:3 ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Ex 21:5 with Dt 15:16; Nu 5:19 and v 20.—N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emph.: 1 K 8:37 רָעָב כִּי־יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג׳, Is 28:18 Mi 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּי־יָבֹא בְאַרְצֵנוּ, ψ 62:11 Ez 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), 14:9, 13; 18:5, 18, 21; 33:6 (cf. v 2); and especially in laws of P, as אָדָם כִּי … Lv 1:2; 13:2, נֶפֶשׁ כִּי … 2:1; 4:2; 5:1, 4, 15, similiarly 15:2, 16, 19, 25; 22:12, 13, 14 etc., rather differently Nu 5:20. c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though:—(a) with impf. Je 4:30⁽⁾; 14:12; 49:16 כִּי־תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, 51:53 Ho 13:15 Zc 8:6 ψ 37:24; 49:19 f. though in his lifetime he bless himself … he shall come, etc., perhaps also Je 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Is 1:15 ψ 23:4 (cf. Dr ¹⁴³); (b) with perf. (rare) Mi 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Na 1:10 (si vera l.), ψ 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), 119:83 (Ew De).

3. Because, since (ὅτι)—a. Gn 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., v 17 18:20 the cry of S. and G.—because it is great … (subj. prefixed for emph.: cf. 2 N.B.) Is 28:15; in answer to a qu., Gn 27:20 Ex 1:19; 18:15 2 S 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a fut. action is conceived as possible (Germ. indem) Lv 22:9 Dt 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, 12:20 (v.), v 25, 28; 13:19; 14:24; 16:15; 19:6, 9 +, 1 K 8:35 (cf. v 33 אֲשֶׁר), v 36 כִּי תוֹרֵם, Pr 4:8b. b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gn 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת וג׳ because on it he rested, etc., 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gn 2:5, 23; 3:20; 5:24; 6:7; 12, 13 ψ 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, 10:14; 25:16; 27:10 + very often Spec. after vbs. expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Is 14:29 ψ 58:11, being angry Gn 31:35; 45:5, fearing 43:18 ψ 49:17 etc. Iron. 1 K 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 times); Pr 30:4 Jb 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subj. prefixed ψ 128:2. Repeated (with anacol.) Is 49:19. c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Is 3:8a Jb 6:21 (ground of the comparison v 15–20), 14:16 (For …: ground of the wishes expressed v 13–15), 16:22 (ground of v 20 f.) 30:26 (For …), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Jb 5:6 (reason why complaining v 2–5 is foolish), 15:34; 23:14; sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars wh. establish or exemplify it 2 S 23:5a Is 1:30; 5:7; 7:8; 9:4; 10:8–11; 13:10 (development of v 9a), 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed v 5); Jb 11:16 ff. (explic. of v 15b), 18:8 ff. (justifying v 7), 22:26 ff. (justifying v 25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Is 2:6 (reason why invitation v 5 is needed), 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation v 9), 18:5; 28:8 (proof of the intoxication v 7), 31:7 (reason for the exhortation v 6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Jb 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), 27:8–10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the v. which immed. precedes or follows, but to several, as Is 7:16 f. (v 17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare v 15), 21:6 ff. (ground of the statements v1–5), Jb 4:5 (ground of v 2), 14:7–12 (v 10–12 specially the ground for the appeal in v 6), 23:10–13 (ground why God cannot be found v 8 f.), ψ 73:21 (ground not of v 20, but of general train of thought v 2–14); so also Gn 4:24 Dt 18:14 Is 12:1 Je 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immed. after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a partic. word, Is 28:20 (justifying ‘nought but terror’ v 19), Jb 23:17 (God’s hostility v 16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poet. or rhet. style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a qu.; Is 28:11 (the mockeries of v 10 have a meaning) ‘for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,’ who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (v 13); = (no,) for Is 28:28 (see RVm), Jb 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, 31:18; 39:14 (see v 13b), ψ 44:24 (he cannot do this, v 23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Is 49:25 (see the qu. v 24), 66:8. d. כִּי … כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gn 3:19; 26:7; 43:32; 47:20 Ex 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Is 2:6⁽⁾; 3:8⁽⁾; 6:5a, b; 10:22f. Jb 6:3f.; 8:8, 9⁽⁾; 24:17⁽⁾; 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Ex 23:21, 22 Is 6:5b, c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips …, because mine eyes have seen י׳ of hosts, 15:5⁽⁾, 6⁽⁾, 8, 9 Zp 3:8f. Jb 15:25, 27; 20:19f.; 31:11f. But כִּי … וְכִי also occurs, Gn 33:11 Nu 5:20 (if), Jo 1:15 Ju 6:30 1 S 19:4; 22:17 1 K 2:26 Is 65:16 +. e. after a neg. כִּי for becomes = but (Germ. sondern): Gn 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for ( = but) Sarah shall be her name, 24:3f.; 45:8 Ex 1:19; 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, כי על־י׳ for (they are) agst. י׳ = but agst. י׳, Dt 21:17 1 S 6:3 (אַל), 27:1 (v. Dr), 1 K 21:15 Is 10:7; 28:27; 29:23; 30:5 ψ 44:8; 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gn 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, 19:2; 42:12 Jos 5:14 1 S 2:16 MSS G (v. Dr), 12:12 2 S 16:18; 24:24 1 K 2:30; 3:22; 11:22 Is 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note.—כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different expl. is tenable. Authorities especially read the Heb. differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Is 8:23 Ges Ew ^{330 b} doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking v 22 as RVm); Ch surely: 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (expl. of טוֹב): Ez 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because.—In Ex 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it prob. that כִּי is for (Dr ¹⁵³). Jb 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi: When they humble thee, and thou sayest ( = complainest) Pride! he will save, etc.

כִּי אִם־ (the אִם foll. by makkeph, except Gn 15:4 Nu 35:33 Ne 2:2, where כִּי־אִם is read by the Mass., Pr 2:3: Fr ²⁴¹)— 1. each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: a. that if Je 26:15; after an oath (כִּי not translated: v. כִּי 1 c) if 1 S 14:39 Je 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2 S 3:35 1 S 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: v. כִּי 1 c); Ex 22:22 (in apod.) indeed if … (v. כִּי 1 d). b. for if Ex 8:17; 9:2; 10:4 Dt 11:20 +, for though Is 10:22 Je 37:20 Am 5:22, but if Je 7:5.

2. (About 140 times) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—a. limiting the prec. clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative)—the most usual term for expressing this idea: sq. vb. Gn 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי lit. but (כִּי 3 e if thou bless me (sc. I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, ‘I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;’ Lv 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִם־רָחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Is 65:6 Am 3:7 Ru 3:18 La 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öt), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us ( = Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öt); sq. a noun, except, but, Gn 28:17 this is nothing כִּי אִם־בֵּית הָאֱ׳ but the house of God, 39:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִם־אוֹתָךְ except thee, Lv 21:2 Nu 14:30 (after אִם), 26:65 (cf. 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Jos 14:4 1 S 30:17, 22 2 S 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִם־ (so 2 K 4:2), 19:29 1 K 17:1 (after אִם), 22:31 2 K 5:15; 9:35; 13:7 Je 22:17; 44:14 +; after אַל, 2 Ch 23:6; sq. an adv. clause, Gn 42:15 Nu 35:33 2 S 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read prob. with G כִּי אִם־הֵבֵיאתָ); after an interrog. Is 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִם־עַבְדִּי but my servant? (who is blind in comparison with him?), Dt 10:12 Mi 6:8 Ec 5:10 2 Ch 2:5. b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (cf. אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but ( = a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gn 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir: כִּי אִם־אֲשֶׁר וג׳ but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be they heir (cf. 1 K 8:19), 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (cf. כִּי alone 17:15), 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money … is all made over to, etc., Ex 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Dt 7:5; 12:5; 16:6 Jos 23:8 1 S 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כֻּי אִם־חָֽי ׃ but raw, 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִם־מֶלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (cf. כי alone, 10:19; 12:12), 21:5 2 S 5:6 1 K 18:18 2 K 10:23 (פֶּן), Is 33:21; 55:10, 11; 59:2 Je 3:10; 7:32; 9:23; 16:15; 20:3 Ez 36:22; 44:10 Am 8:11 ψ 1:2, 4 Pr 23:17 (אַל) +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gn 15:4 1 K 8:19), Lv 21:14 Ez 44:22 Nu 10:30 2 K 23:23 Je 39:12 Kt (Qr om. אִם), cf. 7:23. Occas. in colloq. language, the neg., it seems, is left to be understood: 1 S 26:10 as י׳ liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but י׳ shall smite him, 2 S 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr om. אִם). Sq. imv. Is 65:18 Ez 12:23 Je 39:12 2 Ch 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly). כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous neg.: Gn 40:14 כִּי אִם־זְכַרְתַּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; v Dr ^{119 δ} ; the use of a bare pf., without לוּ, or even waw consec., to express a wish or command is unexampled), Nu 24:22 כִּי אִם־יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן ׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (cf. Di), Jb 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִם־פָּנָיו אֶשָּׂא. c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (cf. בִּלְתִּי אִם, עְר אִם: אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (v. כִּיּ 1 c.): 2 K 5:20 as י׳ liveth, כִּי אִם־רַצְתִּי surely I will run (pf. of certitude) after him, etc., Je 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surely I will fill thee with men (viz. assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men—i.e. increased thy population—, yet shall they—the assailants—lift up the shout against thee), 2 S 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. part. Ru 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֹאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Ju 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִם־נִקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 S 21:6 כִּי אִם־אִשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 K 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Pr 23:18 (v. De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Jb 42:8.

†כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gn 18:5; 19:8; 33:10; 38:26 Nu 10:31; 14:43 Ju 6:22 2 S 18:20 Qr (rightly), Je 29:28; 38:4—lit. for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew ^{353 a}). The orig. force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gn 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּי־עַל־כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (sc. to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Nu 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּי־עַל־כֵּן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from י׳, etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c) †Jb 34:27.

II. כִּי S^, TWOT^, GK^, , branding, v. sub כוה.

†[כִּיד S TWOT GK] n.[m.] only sf. כִּידוֹ Jb 21:20, meaning unknown; read prob. פִּידוֹ his misfortune (as 12:5 etc.)

כיד TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. perhaps Arabic كَادَ (kāda) in sense labour, take pains, strive, or struggle with, كَيْدٌ (kaydun) war).

†i. כִּידוֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] dart, javelin (NH id.)—abs. כ׳ Jos 8:18 + 6 times; כִּידֹן Je 50:42; cstr. כִּידוֹן 1 S 17:6;—dart, javelin (distinct from חֲנִית spear, lance, q.v.), נטה בַּכּ׳ אשׁר ביד(ך) Jos 8:18⁽⁾, cf. v 26; רַעַשׁ כ׳ Jb 41:21 the rushing sound of a dart; בְּחֶרֶב וּבַחֲנִית וּבְכ׳ 1 S 17:45 (weapons of Goliath), כ׳ נְחשֶׁת בֵּין כְּתֵפָיו v 6 (חֲנִית in v 7); + חֲנִית Jb 39:23 also; קֶשֶׁת וְכ׳ Je 6:23; 50:42.

†ii. כִּידֹן S GK n.pr.m. 1 Ch 13:9, GL Χεδων, A Χειλω; = נָכוֹן 2 S 6:6 (G Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, GL Ορνα).

כִּידוֹד S TWOT GK v. sub כדד;

כִּידוֹר S TWOT GK v. sub כדר.

†כִּיּוּן S GK n.pr.dei. Am 5:26, prob. = Assyrian kaivânu, planet Saturn (Arabic and Pers. كَيْوَانٌ (kaywānun), Syriac ܟܶܐܘܳܢ (kewon)), regarded as god; orig. pronunc. כֵּיוָן Schr ^{ad loc.}, cf. Kö ¹⁵¹ (pointing כִּיּוּן intended to suggest √ כון as something established, firm); kaimâ̆nu = kaiânu, according to Jen ^{iii. 502} who der. from כון (cf. Thes; so Zim ¹⁷); > Hpt ^{ii. 266, 281 f.} reads כַּיָּוָן (for כְּאָמָן), reading the Babyl. name Ka˒âmânu; v. also M-A ^{1892, xi. 86 n. 39}.

כִּיּוֹר S TWOT GK, v. sub I. כור.

כִּילַי S TWOT GK, כֵּלַי Is 32:5, 7 v. נכל (Kö ¹¹⁸).

†כֵּילַפּוֹת S TWOT GK n.[f.] axe (loan-word (cf. Frä⁷⁴) from Assyrian kalappatu v. Dl ³³³)—בְּכַשִּׁיל וְכ׳ יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן ψ 74:6 (|| קַרְדֻּמּוֹת v 5).

כִּימָה S GK v. sub כום.

†כִּיס S TWOT GK n.m. Pr 1:14 bag, purse (perhaps kindred with כּוֹם, q.v. Arabic كِيسٌ (kīsun) (prob. from Pers. كِيسَهْ (kīsah) Lane²⁶⁴⁰); Ethiopic ኪስ (kis) NH כִּיס; Aramaic כִּיסָא, ܟܺܝܣܳܐ (kiso); Palm. מן כיסה from his purse = at his own expense, Vog^{p. 13} )—bag, in which were carried: a. weights (v. אֶבֶן 5) Dt 25:13 Mi 6:11 Pr 16:11; b. money, i.e. a purse Is 46:6 Pr 1:14.

כִּיֹּר, [כִּיר S TWOT GK], כִּירַיִם v. sub I. כור.

כִּישׁוֹר S TWOT GK v. sub כשׁר.

כָּ֫כָה S TWOT GK v. sub כה p. 462 supr.

כִּכָּר S GK v. sub כרר;

כֹּל S^, TWOT^, GK v. sub I. כלל.

†[כָּלָא S TWOT GK^, ] vb. shut up, restrain, withhold (NH id.; Aramaic כְּלָא, ܟܠܴܐ (klo); Ethiopic ከልአ (kal˒a) restrain, hinder; Assyrian kâiû, id.; Arabic كَلَأَ (kala˒a) protect Qor 21:43 cf. Ba ^{1887, 605 Anm. 4})—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. כְּלָאוֹ Je 32:3; 3 fs. כָּֽלְאָה Hg 1:10; 2 fs. sf. כְּלִתִ֫נִי 1 S 25:33; 1 s. כָּלִאתִי ψ 119:101; 3 pl. כָּֽלְאוּ Hg 1:10, כָּלוּ 1 S 6:10; Impf. 3 ms. יִכְלֶה Gn 23:6; 2 ms. תִּכְלָא ψ 40:12; 2 fs. תִּכְלָ֑אִי Is 43:6; 1 s. אֶכְלָא ψ 40:10; Imv. sf. כְּלָאֵם Nu 11:28; Inf. cstr. לִכְלוֹא Ec 8:8; Pt. pass. כָּלוּא Je 32:2, כָּלֻא ψ 88:9; (on the metaph. forms, as if from כלה, v. Ges ^{75, 21 c} Kö ⁶¹¹);— 1. shut up, c. acc. 1 S 6:10 ( + בְ loc.), Je 32:3; pt. pass. Je 32:2 (בְ loc.), fig. ψ 88:9 (opp. יצא). 2. restrain, c. acc. 1 S 25:33 ( + מִבּוֹא בְדָמִים), ψ 119:101 ( + מִכָּל־); כְּלָאֵם (sc. מֵהִתְנַבֵּא) Nu 11:28; כ׳ שְׂפָתַי ψ 40:10; כ׳ אֶת־הָרוּחַ Ec 8:8. On ψ 74:11 v. כלה Pi. 2. 3. withhold, כ׳ אֶת־קִבְרוֹ מִמְּךָ מִקְּבֹר מֵתֶ֑ךָ Gn 23:6 (P), כ׳ רַחֲמֶיךָ מִמֶּ֑נּי ψ 40:12, Hg 1:10b, prob. also v a (read מָ֑ל for MT G מִטָּ֑ל, We); abs. אַל־תִּכְלָאִי (sc. exiles) Is 43:6 (|| תְּנִי). Niph. Impf. וַיִּכָּלֵא הַגֶּשֶׁם מִן־הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 8:2 (J), and the rain from heaven was restrained, cf. וַיִּכָּֽלְאוּ מַיִם רַבִּים Ez 31:15 (in fig.; || מנע); וַיִּכָּלֵא הָעָם מֵהָבִיא Ex 36:6 (P). Pi. [Pf. כִּלָּא and] Inf. cstr. לְכַלֵּא v. כלה Pi.

†כֶּ֫לֶא S TWOT GK n.[m.] confinement, restraint, imprisonment;—abs. כ׳ 1 K 22:27 + 6 times; sf. כִּלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29 Je 52:33; pl. כְּלָאִים Is 42:22;—confinement, in combin. בֵּית (ה)כ׳ (cf. Assyrian bît kīli, prison, Dl ³²⁸) 1 K 22:27 = 2 Ch 18:26, 2 K 17:4 Je 37:15, 18 Is 42:7; בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים v 22 (cf. בַּיִת 1 (ε) (2) p. 109 supr.; v. also כלוא infr.); בִּנְדֵי כִלְאוֹ 2 K 25:29 = Je 52:33 garments of imprisonment = prison-garb.

†כלוא S TWOT GK Qr כְּלִיא S TWOT GK Kt n.[m.] id.;—בֵּית הַכּ׳ Je 37:4; 52:31 (v. כֶּלֶא supr.)

†i. מִכְלָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, (incorrect for מכלא) n.[m.] enclosure, fold;—גָּזַר מִמּ׳ צֹאן Hb 3:17; pl. cstr. לקח מִמִּכְלְאֹת צֹאן ψ 78:70 (obj. David); pl. sf. לקח מִמִּכְלְאֹתֶיךָ 50:9 (obj. he-goats).—ii. מִכְלָה v. sub כלה.

†כִּלְאַיִם S TWOT GK n.[m.] du. two kinds (Arabic كِلَانَ, كِلَا (kilāna, kilā) both; Ethiopic ክልኤ (kəl˒e) two; perhaps also כלאי MI²³ both, two, Nö ^{1889, 61}, cf. Dr ^xcii.; Sm u. So ¹⁸⁸⁶ suggest reservoirs; v. also כְּלִי)—בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַּרְבִּיעַ כ׳ Lv 19:19 not cause thy cattle to breed (in) two kinds; שָֽׂדְךָ לֹא תִּזְרַע כ׳ v 19 (H); לֹא תִּזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כ׳ Dt 22:9 (both כִּלְאָ֑יִם); בֶּגֶד כ׳ Lv 19:19 (H);—only in law of H and D against mixtures.

†כִּלְאָב S GK n.pr.m. second son of David, 2 S 3:3 = דָּנִיֵּאל 1 Ch 3:1, v. דָּנִיֵּאל 1. p. 193 supr.

כלב TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; Thes regards כֶּלֶב as onomatop.)

†כֶּ֫לֶב S TWOT GK n.m. 1 S 24:15 dog (NH id.; Ph. כלב; Aramaic כַּלְבָּא, ܟܰܠܒܳܐ (kalbo); Arabic كَلْبٌ (kalbun); Ethiopic ከልብ (kalb) Assyrian kalbu Dl ³²⁸)—abs. כ׳ Ju 7:5 + 16 times, כָּ֑לֶב ψ 59:7, 15; pl. כְּלָבִים 1 K 14:11 + 12 times; cstr. כַּלְבֵי Jb 30:1; sf. כְּלָבֶיךָ ψ 68:24;—dog: a. lit. 1 K 14:11; 16:4; 21:19⁽⁾, 23, 24; 22:38 2 K 9:10, 36 (all of fierce, hungry dogs, devouring dead bodies and licking blood); cf. Je 15:3 and (לְשׁוֹךָ כְּלָבֶיךָ) ψ 68:24; eating torn flesh, Ex 22:30 (E), כַּלְבֵי צֹאנִי = my sheep-dogs, only Jb 30:1 (in both these with implied inferiority); dog-sacrifice was a heathen rite Is 66:3 (Di al.); v. especially RS ^{i. 273 (291), 325 (343)}; in various sim. Ju 7:5 Pr 26:11, 17 ψ 59:7, 15; in proverbial sayings: לֹא יֶחֱרַץ־כ׳ לִשֹׁנוֹ Ex 11:7 (v. I. חרץ); לְכ׳ חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4. b. applied, fig., to men, in contempt 1 S 17:43, so of psalmist’s enemies ψ 22:17, 21, or in excessive humility 2 K 8:13; still more emphatically כ׳ מֵת a dead dog, הַכּ׳ הַמֵּת 2 S 9:8; 16:8; also רֹאשׁ כ׳ 3:8; כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים Is 56:10 (of misleading prophets), הַכּ׳ עַזֵּי נֶפֶשׁ v 11 (id.); כ׳ was name given to male temple-prostitutes Dt 23:19 (v. Dr; cf. קָדֵשׁ).

†כָּלֵב S GK n.pr.m. (Nab. n.pr. כלבא Eut (Nö)^{p. 55}. כלבו Vog ⁶; cf. also We^{Skizzen u. Vorarbeiten iii. 217}; on כָּלֵב = dog-clan, v. RS ^{17, 190 f., 219, 254});—son of יְפֻנֶּה (G Χαλεβ; cf. Lag ⁷⁸), called הַקְּנִזִּי (v. קְנַז) in JE, Nu 32:12 Jos 14:6, 14, cf. 15:17 = Ju 1:13, Ju 3:9 (where קְנַז is brother of כ׳), also 1 Ch 4:15; treated as full Judahite only in P Nu 13:6 (v. GFM Ju p. 30 f.) the one of the spies who (with Joshua) reported well of Canaan 14:6, 24, 30, 38; also 26:65; 34:19 Dt 1:36 Jos 14:13; 15:13, 14, 16, 18; 21:12 (P = 1 Ch 6:41) Ju 1:12, 14, 15, 20 (|| with Jos 15); = clan of Caleb 1 S 30:14 (disting. from Judah). Caleb is called בֶּן־חֶצְרוֹן 1 Ch 2:18, cf. v 19, 42, 46, 48, 49, 50 = כְּלוּבָ֑י v 9; בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה 1 Ch 2:24, read perhaps בָּא כ׳, so G B, cf. Kau (v. אֶפְרָתָה p. 68 supr.)

†כָּלִבִּי S GK adj.gent. of כָּלֵב 1 S 25:3 Qr (Kt כְּלִבּוֹ).

†כְּלוּב S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. 1. a name in Judah 1 Ch 4:11, G Χαλεβ (according to We^{Centib. 20, 218} = כָּלֵב בֶּן־חֶזְרוֹן; read also for כַּרְמִי v 1). 2. father of one of David’s officers, according to 1 Ch 27:26 (G Χοβουδ, A Χελουβ, GL Χαλουβ).

†כְּלוּבָ֑י S GK n.pr.m. a son of Hezron of Judah, according to 1 Ch 2:9 (G Χαβελ, A Χαλεβ, GL Χαλωβι), = כָּלֵב v 18 etc. (see כָּלֵב 2).

†כְּלוּב S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Je 5:27 basket, cage (√ dub.; NH id., כְּלִיבָה; Aramaic ܟܽܘܠܒܳܫܳܐ (kulbošo) in Lexx.; TelAm. kilubi, bird-net, cf. Zim ^{vi. 145, 147})—abs. כִּכְלוּבמָלֵא עוֹף Je 5:27 like a cage full of birds; cstr. כְּלוּב קַיִץ Am 8:1, 2 a basket of summer fruit.