I. [קָרֵב S TWOT GK], קָרַב S TWOT GK₂₇₉ vb. come near, approach (NH approach, be offered; Assyrian ḳarâbu, approach; Arabic قَرِبَ, قَرُبَ (qariba, qaruba) be near, approach; so Ethiopic ቀርበ (qarba) Sab. קרב approach a woman (sexually, v. 1 a infr.), DHM ^{6. 1. 2}, but also gen. דֿ רחק וקרב he who is far and he who is near CIS^{iv, no. 95, 7, 8} cf. SabDenkm ^{12, 9, 10}; Aramaic קְרֵב, ܩܪܶܒ (qreb), approach; also, = oblation, Sab. קרבן DHM ^{xxx (1876), 672} Arabic قُرْبَانٌ (qurbānun), Old Aramaic קרבן, T קוּרְבָּנָא, Syriac ܩܽܘܪܒܳܢܳܐ (qurbono); cf. Assyrian kurbannu (‍כ‍), Dl ³⁵¹);—Qal₉₃ Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Gn 20:4 +; 3 fs. קָרֵ֑בָה Zp 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְרַב Gn 37:18 + etc.; Imv. ms. קְרַב 2 S 20:16 +, קָ֫רְבָה ψ 69:19; mpl. קִרְבוּ Ex 16:9; Inf. abs. קָרוֹב Ec 4:17 De Siegf Ol ^249c Sta ^642c Kö^{. 175}; cstr. קְרֹב ψ 27:2; 32:9, לְקָרְבָה Ex 36:2, etc.;—approach: 1. a. c. אֶל pers. (27 times) Gn 37:18 Nu 18:4 Mal 3:5 ( + לַמִּשְׁפָּט), Jon 1:6 +; in kindness 1 K 2:7, of י׳ to help ψ 69:19; for war, battle, Ex 14:20 Ju 20:24; unto God †1 S 14:36 ( + הֲלוֹם), Zp 3:2, י׳ †Ez 44:15 Is 48:16; approach sexually, of man, †Gn 20:4 Is 8:3 Dt 22:14 Lv 18:6, 14, 19 (H) Ez 18:6; of woman †Lv 20:16 (אֶל of beast); ק׳ אֵלֶיךָ Is 65:5 = keep to thyself (|| אַל־תִּגַּשׁ־בִּי); c. עַל pers., in hostility, ψ 27:2 ( + inf. purpose), so prob. מִקְרָב־לִי ψ 55:19 that none may approach me (ק׳ inf. cstr., so Che Bae Dr, > n. = battle). b. אֶל loc. Ex 32:19 Dt 2:37; 20:10 Jos 8:5 Pr 5:8; אֶל rei Jos 3:3 Ez 42:14; 44:16 Lv 22:3 (H), Ex 36:2 + 5 times P; עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ 2 K 16:12; אֶל־הַמִּלְחָמָה Dt 20:2. †c. לִפְנֵי pers. (י׳) Ex 16:9 Lv 16:1 ψ 119:169 (of cry); before men Nu 9:6 Jos 17:4. †d. מוּל gent. Dt 2:19. †e. ב loc. Ju 19:13 ψ 91:10 (of evil). †f. ל loc. Jb 33:22; adv. loc. הֲלֹם Ex 3:5, הֵ֫נָּה Is 57:3 (cf. g, 2 S 20:16). †g. draw near for a purpose, c. Inf. 1 S 17:48 2 S 15:5 Dt 25:11 Ex 12:48 Lv 21:17 Nu 17:5 Is 34:1 Ec 4:17, + (Inf. om.) Lv 21:18; c. וְ subord. 2 S 20:16 ( + עַד־הֵ֫נָּה); c. לַמִּשְׁפָּט Is 41:1 (cf. a. Mal 3:5); + Imv. Dt 5:24 Jos 10:24 Lv 10:4, + Impf. Jos 10:24 Lv 10:5. h. abs. (15 times) Jos 7:14⁽⁾ (technically of approach to sanctuary, for trial by lot), Is 5:19 (of י׳’s counsel), 41:5 +, La 3:57 (of י׳, to help); וַתִּק׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 K 20:29 i.e. the battle was joined; of calamities Ez 9:1, ק׳ קִצֵּנוּ La 4:18. † 2. of time, draw near, Gn 27:41 Dt 15:9 Ez 12:23; spec. ק׳ יְמֵי פ׳ לָמוּת Gn 47:29 Dt 31:14 1 K 2:1. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִקְרַב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים Ex 22:7 he shall be brought unto God (at the sanctuary), also (abs., reflex.) 2 mpl. consec. וְנִקְרַבְתֶּם Jos 7:14 (cf. Qal 1 h). †Pi. Pf. 1 s. קֵרַבְתִּי Is 46:13; 3 pl. קֵרְבוּ Ho 7:6 (v. infr.), Ez 36:8; Impf. 2 ms. וּתְקָרֵב ψ 65:5; 1 s. sf. אֲקָֽרְבֶנּוּ Jb 31:37; Imv. ms. קָרַב Ez 37:17; mpl. קָֽרְבוּ Is 41:21;—cause to approach, bring near: 1. in space, acc. rei + אֶל Ez 37:17; = receive, acc. pers. Jb 31:37 (Thes Du; most approach majestically, march up to), acc. om. ψ 65:5; ק׳ רִיבְכֶם Is 41:21 bring on your suit! 2. in time, ק׳ צִדְקָתִי Is 46:13 (of י׳), ק׳ לָבוֹא Ez 36:8 they have brought near to come, brought their coming near, it is at hand (cf. Hiph. Gn 12:11).—Ho 7:6 read בָּעַר for קֵרְבוּ (קִרְבּוֹ RS ^{iv, N. 19}), cf. G Now Hiph.₁₇₇ Pf. 3 ms. הִקְרִיב Gn 12:11 +, -רִב Nu 7:19; 2 ms. וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֫ Ex 29:3 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַקְרִיב Ez 44:27 +, -רִב 46:4; וַיַּקְרֵב Ju 3:17 +; 1 pl. וַנַּקְרֵב Nu 31:50, etc.; Imv. ms. הַקְרֵב Nu 3:6 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הַקְרֵב Lv 6:7; cstr. הַקְרִיב Ju 3:18 +, etc.; Pt. מַקְרִיב Lv 3:1 +, etc.;— 1. a. bring near, bring, present, c. acc. rei, Ju 5:25 ( + בְּסֵפֶל), cf. Ex 29:3 ( + בַּסָּל); tribute ψ 72:10; מִנְחָה Ju 3:17 ( + ל pers.), v 18; cf. (ל pers.) Mal 1:8; שָׂדֶה בְּשָׂדֶה יַק׳ Is 5:8 i.e. join, incorporate; pregn., c. מִן loc. 2 K 16:14 (v. RS ^{i. 466 ff., 2nd ed. 486 ff.}); acc. of case, affair, †Dt 1:17 ( + אֶל pers.), Nu 27:5 ( + לִפְנֵי י׳); c. acc. pers.: + אֶל pers. Nu 15:33; 25:6; Jos 8:23, + אֶל reflex. Ex 28:1, + אֶת (prep.) reflex. Nu 18:2; abs., of pers., make an approach Ex 14:10. b. of time, הִקְרִיב לָבוֹא Gn 12:11; תַּקְרִיב לָלֶדֶת Is 26:17; וַתַּקְרִיבִי יָמַיִךְ Ez 22:4. 2. as term. techn. (c. 158 times), chiefly in Ez HP, bring near, of presenting, dedicating, or offering to י׳: †a. c. acc. pers., (1) Aaron and his sons, and Levites, sometimes c. אֶל, לְפְנֵי, pers. or loc., Ex 29:4, 8; 40:12, 14 Lv 3:6; 7:35; 8:6, 13, 24 Nu 8:9, 10; 16:5⁽⁾, 9, 10, cf. (of prince, subj. י׳) Je 30:21; (2) for selection by let Jos 7:16, 17⁽⁾, 18 1 S 10:20, 21; (3) for ordeal of מֵי הַמָּרִים Nu 5:16. b. usually (c. 142 times) c. acc. of offering, with or without further complement (אֶל, לִפְנֵי loc., לי׳, לְפְנֵי י׳; rarely אֶל, ל, of priest, etc.): (1) animal-offering Lv 3:7, 12; 8:18, 22 (all + סָמַךְ of offerer), Ex 29:10 Lv 1:15; 4:3, 14 +, etc.; (2) זֶבַח Lv 7:16; עֹלָה Nu 29:13, 36; אִשֶּׁה Lv 3:3, 14; 23:8, 25 +; †(3) blood Lv 1:5 ( + זָרַק), 7:33; 9:9; (4) מִנְחָה Lv 2:8; 6:7; 7:12; 23:16 Nu 5:25; 6:16; 15:9; לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו Lv 21:6, 8, 17, 21, etc.; (5) incense Nu 16:35, censer v 17; 17:3, 4; אֵשׁ זָרָה Lv 10:1 Nu 3:4; 26:61; (6) especially c. acc. cogn. קָרְבָּן Lv 1:2⁽⁾, 14; 2:1, 4; 22:18 Nu 7:10, 11; 31:50 + (c. 33 times); (7) acc. om. 2 Ch 35:12. c. abs. make an offering Nu 7:2, 18.

†קָרֵב S TWOT GK adj.vb. approaching;—abs. ק׳ 1 S 17:41 +; pl. קְרִבִים Ez 40:46; 45:4;—approaching: 1. as pred., הֹלֵךְ וְק׳ אֶל־דָּוִד 1 S 17:41, אַתֶּם קְרֵבִים לַמִּלְחָמָה Dt 20:3; abs. הָלוֹךְ וְק׳ 2 S 18:25; c. art. as subst., 1 K 5:7 ( + אֶל־שֻׁלְחָן), Nu 17:28⁽⁾ ( + אֶל־מִשְׁכַּן י׳). 2. c. art., approaching י׳, temple or tabern., for service, c. לְשָׁרֵת Ez 40:46 ( + אֶל־י׳), 45:4; abs. הַזָּר הַקּ׳ Nu 1:51; 3:10, 38; 18:7.

†קְרָב S^, TWOT^, GK n.[m.] battle, war (hostile approach; Aramaism = ܩܪܰܒ (qrab), קְרָב, cf. Lag ¹⁷⁵);—abs. ק׳ Zc 14:3 +; pl. קְרָבוֹת ψ 68:31;—|| מִלְחָמָה Jb 38:23 ψ 144:1; יוֹם ק׳ Zc 14:3 ψ 78:9; כְּלֵי ק׳ Ec 9:18; his heart was war ψ 55:22 (v 19 v. √ Qal 1 a); pl. ψ 68:31 peoples that delight in battles.—2 S 17:11 read בְּקִרְבָּם G S B Th Dr and most.

†[קִרְבָה S TWOT GK Lag ⁸² Kö^{. 174}] n.f. approach;—cstr. in phr. קִרְבַת אֱלֹהִים approach to God (Che ³²⁵) Is 58:2 ψ 73:28.

†קָרֹב, קָרוֹב S TWOT GK₇₈ adj. near;—abs. קָרֹב Ex 12:4 +, -וֹב 2 S 19:43 +; pl. קְרֹבִים 1 K 8:59, קְרוֹבִים Is 33:13 +; fpl. קְרֹבוֹת Ez 22:5, etc.;—near (often opp. רָחוֹק): 1. of city Gn 19:20 ( + לָנוּם שָׁ֫מָּה), Je 48:24, הַקּ׳ Dt 21:3 the nearest ( + אֶל), cf. (of elders) v 6; of land 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36; road Ex 13:17; = contiguous, כֶּרֶם 1 K 21:2 ( + אֵצֶל בֵּיתִי). 2. of pers.: a. + אֶל pers. Gn 45:10 Dt 13:8; 22:2 Jos 9:16 1 Ch 12:41 (van d. H. v 40); הַקּ׳ אֶל Ex 12:4 the nearest to; c. sf. קְרֹבוֹ Ex 32:27, i.e. his neighbour. b. abs. (opp. or + רחוק, often = near and far, i.e. all without distinction), Ez 6:12 Is 57:19 Pr 27:10; pl. Is 33:13 Je 25:26 Dn 9:7 Est 9:20 Ez 22:5; ק׳ of distress, personif., ψ 22:12.—Ez 23:5, 12 Co Berthol read קְרוּאִים famous; Toy רַבִּים (cf. Je 39:13); Hpt in Toy Krae conj. קְרוֹדִים (Assyrian ḳurâdu, warrior). c. of near relationship, + אֶל pers. 2 S 19:43 Lv 21:2, 3; 25:25 (all H), Nu 27:11 (P); ל pers. Ne 13:4 Ru 2:20; + מִן comp. 3:12; of intimacy, קְרֹבוֹ 15:3 (|| רֵעֵהוּ), קְרוֹבַי Jb 19:14 (|| מְיֻדָּעַי), ψ 38:12 (|| אֹהֲבַי וְרֵעַי); near, in office, Est 1:14. d. near to י׳, עַם קְרֹבוֹ ψ 148:14 (Rie Bae קְרֹבָו the people of those near him). e. near to י׳ in ceremon. function, c. אֶל Ez 43:19, c. ל 42:13, sf. Lv 10:3. f. of God (י׳), + אֶל pers. Dt 4:7; 30:14; ל pers. ψ 34:19; 145:18; abs. Je 12:2 Is 50:3; 55:6 ψ 119:151; אֱלֹהֵי מִקָּרֹב Je 23:23 a God from near by (opp. א׳ מֵרָחוֹק); ק׳ of צֶדֶק י׳ Is 51:5, יֶשַׁע י׳ ψ 85:10 ( + ל pers.);—ק׳ שִׁמְךָ ψ 75:2, read קֹרְאֵי בְּשׁ׳ Dy Che Gr Dr, cf. Bae G S Du. g. of word, + אֶל pers. Dt 30:14; prayer, + אֶל־י׳ 1 K 8:59. 3. of time: ק׳ יוֹם אֵידָם Dt 32:35; especially of יוֹם י׳ Zp 1:7, 14⁽⁾ Ez 30:3 (perhaps del. as G Co Krae), v 3 Is 13:6 Ob 15 Jo 1:15; 2:1; 4:14, cf. Ez 7:7; + inf. ק׳ אֵיד־מוֹאָב לָבוֹא Je 48:16, cf. Is 13:22; 56:1; מְחִתָּה ק׳ Pr 10:14 imminent ruin; מִקָּרוֹב Dt 32:17 recently, so Ez 11:3 G B Co Siegf Berthol (for MT †בְּקָרוֹב); Ez 7:8 soon; Jb 20:5 of the briefest.—אוֹר ק׳ מִפְּנֵי חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 17:12 is dub.; Thes (my) light is near to (prope abest a, as Arabic قَرِبَ مِن (qariba min), but not proven in Heb.) darkness; Di light (they say) is near (breaking away) from darkness, will soon leave it behind; Bu אוֹר קְרוֹבָם פֶּן־יֶחְשַׁךְ the light of their intimate friend shall not (?) grow dark.

קָרְבָּן S TWOT GK₈₀ n.m. Lv 6:13 offering, oblation (Assyrian kurbannu, id., appar. always with ‍כ‍, Dl ³⁵¹);—abs. ק׳ Lv 1:2 +; cstr. קָרְבַּן 2:1 +; sf. קָרְבָּנִי Nu 28:2; pl. sf. קָרְבְּנֵיהֶם Lv 7:38;—offering, oblation, gen. term for all kinds of offering (only Ez Lv Nu [HP]): animal Lv 1:2, 3, 10 +, vegetable 2:1⁽⁾, 5 +, articles of gold Nu 31:50, silver 7:13 +, etc.; as acc. cogn. after הִקְרִיב Lv 1:2⁽⁾; 3:14 Nu 6:14 + (v. √ Hiph. 2 b (5)); cstr. ק׳ מִנְחָה Lv 2:1, 4, 13, ק׳ רֵאשִׁית v 12, ק׳ אִשֶּׁה 22:27; ק׳ י׳ Nu 9:7, 13 (cf. 31:50).

†[קֻרְבָּן S TWOT^, GK] n.[m.] offering;—cstr. קֻרְבַּן הָעֵצִים 2 for second temple Ne 10:35; 13:31.

II. קרב TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian ḳirbu, midst; NH [קֶרֶב] pl. entrails (rare); MI^{23, 24} בקרב in the midst of the city; perhaps also Arabic قَلْبٌ (qalbun) heart).

קֶ֫רֶב S TWOT GK₂₂₇ n.[m.] inward part, midst;—ק׳ abs. Ex 29:13 + (only 3); cstr. Gn 45:6 +; sf. קִרְבִּי Jos 9:7 +, 3 fpl. קִרְבֶּ֗נָה Gn 41:21, -בֶּ֔נָה v 21 (Ges ^{91 f.} Kö^{.1, 488 N. 1}), etc.; pl. only (sf.) קְרָבַי ψ 103:1;—usually c. prep. (בְּק׳ 143 times, מִקּ׳ 43 times);— 1. †a. inward part of human body, physical sense, בְּק׳ within one’s body Gn 25:22 (J), cf. 18:12 (J), 1 S 25:37 Je 23:9 Jb 20:14 (|| בְּמֵעָיו), cf. Is 19:1 (of nation personif.); into his body ψ 109:18 (sim.); as seat of life (וַ)תָּשָׁב נֶפֶשׁ־הַיֶּלֶד עַל־קִרְבּוֹ 1 K 17:21, 22, cf. (of idol) Hb 2:19 (v. also 2). †b. = belly, of kine אֶל־ק׳ Gn 41:21⁽⁾. c. of city (בְּק׳ within it, מִקּ׳ etc.) Gn 18:24 Ju 18:7 Am 3:9 + 18 times cf. Is 25:11; בְּק׳ חוּצוֹת Is 5:25. d. of house ψ 101:2, 7; temple 48:10; בְּק׳ מוֹעֲדֶ֑ךָ 74:4. e. of land (earth) Gn 45:6; 48:16 Am 2:3 Is 5:8; 24:13 (|| בְּתוֹךְ הָעַמִּים), + 10 times (בְּק׳, מִקּ׳). f. of a number of pers., בְּק׳ in the midst, among, מִקּ׳ from among: especially (1) people (96 times; 80 times as sg. coll., 15 times pl.), Am 7:8 Gn 24:3 Ex 23:25 Dt 31:17 Je 46:21 1 S 4:3 Jos 7:12 Ju 10:16 +, בְּק׳ יִשׂ׳ Dt 17:20 +, בְּק׳ בֵּית יִשׂ׳ Am 7:10; בְּק׳ הַכְּנַעֲנִי †Ju 1:32, 33; 3:5, מִקּ׳ גּוֹי Dt 4:34, etc. (2) בְּק׳ (מִקּ׳) הַמַּחֲנֶה Jos 1:11 Nu 14:44 + 6 times †(3) בְּק׳ אֶחָיו Dt 18:2 1 S 16:13, and (מִקּ׳) Dt 17:15; 18:18. †(4) מִקּ׳ עַמֶּיהָ Ex 31:14 (ii. עַם). (5) בְּק׳ אֹיְבֶיךָ ψ 110:2, cf. (of wicked) 55:16; בְּק׳ חֲכָמִים Pr 15:31. (6) בְּק׳ אֱלֹהִים יִשְׁפֹּט ψ 82:1. (7) בְּק׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 K 20:39 into the midst of the battle, the thick of the fight; בְּק׳ צָרָה ψ 138:7. †(8) of nations, בְּק׳ הַגּוֹיִם Dt 29:15, הָעַמִּים La 3:45, cf. Jos 24:17 Mi 5:6, 7. g. מִקּ׳ חוקך ψ 74:11 (Qr חֵיקְךָ) thy hand from within thy bosom, (anthrop. of י׳; v. I. כלה Pi. 2 c). †h. of a period of time, בְּק׳ שָׁנִים Hb 3:2⁽⁾. † 2. of inward part of man; a. as seat of thought and emotion: בְּק׳ 1 K 3:28 Je 4:14; 9:7 Pr 26:24 ψ 62:5; 94:19; || בְּלֵב Pr 14:33, עַל־לֵב Je 31:33; seat of לֵב ψ 39:4; 55:5; 109:22 La 1:20; of רוּחַ Ez 11:19; 36:26, 27 Zc 12:1 Is 26:9 ψ 51:12, cf. Is 19:3, 14; בְּק׳ לִבּי ψ 36:2 (read לִבּוֹ Vrss Hup Now Che Bae al.). b. as faculty of thought and emotion, subj. (no prep.) Is 16:11 (|| מֵעַי), ψ 64:7 (|| לֵב) 5:10; כָּל־קְרָבַי 103:1 (only here pl.; || נַפְשִׁי).—49:12 read קִבְרָם G S T, or קְבָרִם, Ew Gr Ol Bi Che Bae al. (for קִרְבָּם). † 3. term. techn. in P of entrails of sacrifical animals (Di Lv 1:9 Dr-Wh ^{Lv, facing p. 4}), Ex 12:9; 29:13, 17, 22 Lv 1:9, 13; 3:3⁽⁾, 9⁽⁾, 14⁽⁾; 4:8⁽⁾, 11; 7:3; 8:16, 21, 25; 9:14.

†[קַרְדֹּם S TWOT GK] n.[m.] axe (√ unknown; cf. NH קַרְדֹּם double hoe, one side of which could split wood, Vogelst ³⁷; Arabic قَدُّومٌ, قَدُوم (qaddūmun, qadūm) adze is loan-wd. according to Frä⁸⁴);—sf. קַרְדֻּמּוֹ 1 S 13:20 + Ju 9:48 (so prob. read for הַקַּרְדֻּמוֹת, A GL τ. ἀξίνην, GFM Bu Now); pl. קַרְדֻּמִּים 1 S 13:21, קַרְדֻּמּוֹת Je 46:22 ψ 74:5.

קָרָה S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} cold, v. קרר.

†[קָרָה S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. encounter, meet, befall (|| II. קָרָא; NH קָרָה meet (rare), קְרִי misfortune, specif. (nocturnal) pollution, and so Aramaic קִרְיוּתָא, ܩܶܪܝܳܐ (qeryo); Arabic قَرَا (و) (qarā (w)) is go, seek earnestly, قَرَى (qarā) receive hospitably as guest; Ethiopic ii. 3, አቃረየ (˒aqāraya) present, offer as sacrifice);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. קָֽרְךָ Dt 25:18, (ו)קָרָהוּ Gn 44:29 +; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְרֶה Ec 9:11 + Dn 10:14 Kt (Qr יִקְרָא), וַיִּ֫קֶר Ru 2:3, sf. יִקְרְךָ Nu 11:23, יִקְרֵךְ 1 S 28:10 (d. f. dirim.); Pt. fpl. קֹרֹת Gn 42:29;— 1. encounter, meet, acc. pers. Dt 25:18, cf. (acc. rei) וַיִּ֫קֶר מִקְרֶהָ חֶלְקַת וגו׳ Ru 2:3 her chance lighted upon a field, etc. 2. befall, acc. pers., subj. evil Gn 44:29 (J) 1 S 28:10, י׳’s word Nu 11:23 (JE), indef. Gn 42:29 (J) Is 41:22 (abs.) Est 4:7; 6:13 Dn 10:14 (ל pers.); עֵת וָפֶגַע יִק׳ אֶת־כֻּלָּם Ec 9:11; subj. מִקְרֶה 2:14, cf. v 15. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִקְרָה Ex 3:18; 1 s. נִקְרֵיתִי 2 S 1:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּרֶה Nu 23:3, וַיִּקָּר v 4, 16; 1 s. אִקָּרֶה v 15;— 1. encounter, meet without pre-arrangement, usually of י׳ (God): c. עַל pers. Ex 3:18 (J), אֶל pers. Nu 23:4, 16; יִקּ׳ י׳ לִקְרָתִי v 3 (all JE); obj. י׳ (om.) v 15. 2. chance to be present, ב loc., 2 S 1:6 ( + Inf. abs. נִקְרֹא). Hiph. 1. of י׳, cause (the right thing, good fortune) to occur, c. לִפְנֵי pers.; Pf. 3 ms. הִקְרָה Gn 27:20; Imv. ms. הַקְרֵה 24:12 (both J). 2. of Israel, Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְהִקְרִיתֶם לָכֶם עָרִים Nu 35:11 ye shall (cause cities to occur rightly for yourselves, i.e.) select cities as suitable.

†[קָרֶה S TWOT GK] n.[m.] chance, accident;—cstr. מִקְרֵה לַיְלָה Dt 23:11 by reason of the chance of the night (i.e. nocturnal pollution, cf. Lv 15:16).

†[קְרִי S TWOT GK] n.[m.] opposition, contrariness;—only (בְּ)קֶ֑רִי in Lv 26, as adv. modifier of הָלַךְ (in fig. sense), + עִם pers., of Isr.’s relation to י׳: תֵּלְכוּ עִמִּי קֶ֑רִי Lv 26:21 if ye walk with me contrariwise, so v 23, בְּקֶ֑רִי v 27, 40; י׳ subj., וְהָלַכְתִּי עִמָּכֶם בַּקֶּ֑רִי v 24, so v 41 and (בַּחֲמַת ק׳ in wrath of opposition) v 28.

†מִקְרֶה S TWOT GK n.m. 1 S 6:9 accident, chance, fortune;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 6:9 +; cstr. מִקְרֵה Ec 2:15 (so read also 3:19⁽⁾ with G Ruët Wild, for MT מִקְרֶה);— 1. accident, chance, 1 S 6:9; 20:26; c. קָרָה Ru 2:3 (v. ק׳ 1). 2. in Ec, fortune, fate, מ׳ אֶחָד יִקְרֶה אֶת־כֻּלָּם Ec 2:14 cf. v 15, 3:19⁽⁾; 9:2, 3.

†קוֹרָה S TWOT GK n.f. rafter, beam (proposes a thing meeting, fitting into, another);—sf. קֹרָתִי Gn 19:8 (J) = 7 pl. קֹרוֹת rafters, abs. 2 Ch 3:7, cstr. || 1 K 6:15b (reading קוֹרוֹת הַסִּכֻּן G Th Kit Benz, for MT קִירוֹת), + 7:7b (reading הַקּוֹרוֹת for הַקַּרְקָ֑ע, v. ק׳); Ct 1:17 (|| רחיטנו Kt, רָהִיטֵנוּ Qr); more gen. beam, sg. abs. קוֹרָה 2 K 6:2, 5.

†[קָרָה S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb.denom.Pi. lay the beams of, furnish with beams;—c. acc. of the building: Pf. 3 pl. sf. קֵרוּהוּ Ne 3:3, 6; Inf. cstr. לְקָרוֹת Ne 2:8 2 Ch 34:11; Pt. הַֽמְקָרֶה ψ 104:3 (fig.).

†מְקָרֶה S TWOT GK n.[m.] beam-work;—Ec 10:18.

†קִרְיָה S^, TWOT^, GK n.f. town, city (syn. of עִיר, chiefly poet., and in the higher style; perhaps from above √ as meeting-place of men; cf. n.pr.loc. MI¹³ קרית, l.¹⁰ קריתן; J.Aram. קַרְיָה);—abs. ק׳ Is 1:21 +; cstr. קִרְיַת Nu 21:28 +;— 1. in gen. Dt 2:36; 3:4. 2. of specif. towns, Ho 6:8 (גִּלְעָד, G^Codd. Γαλγαλα, cf. Now); קִרְיַת סִיחֹן Nu 21:28; Damascus, ק׳ מְשׂוֹשִׂי Je 49:25 (|| עִיר תְּהִלָּה); especially of Jerus. Mi 4:10 Is 29:1; 33:20, רְחֹבוֹת ק׳ La 2:11, ק׳ מֶלֶךְ רָ֑ב ψ 48:3, city for inhab. 1 K 1:41, 45, ק׳ נֶאֱמָנָה Is 1:21, 26 (|| עִיר הַצֶּדֶק), ק׳ עַלִּיזָה 22:2 (|| עִיר הוֹמִיָּה), 32:13. 3. in Is 24–26 coll., i.e. denoting various, representative, cities, ק׳ תֹּהוּ 24:10, ק׳ בְּצוּרָה 25:2, ק׳ גּוֹיִם עָרִיצִים v 3, ק׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה 26:5; so prob. Hb 2:8, 17. 4. indef., Hb 2:12, (|| עִיר); Pr 29:8, ק׳ עֹז 18:19 a city of strength, so ק׳ עֻזּוֹ 10:15 (in fig.) = 18:11 (id.); = inhab., 11:10, הֲמוֹן ק׳ Jb 39:7.

קִרְיַת S TWOT GK v. קִרְיַת יְעָרִים.

†קִרְיָתַ֫יִם S GK n.pr.loc. Καριαθαιμ (perhaps double city (du.), yet in gen. on יִם—ַ in n.pr.loc. v. Ges ^{88 c});— 1. in Moab (MI¹⁰) Je 48:1 (-תָ֑יִם), v 23, so קִרְיָתָ֑יְמָה Ez 25:9 Qr (Kt קריתמה); Reubenite city according to Nu 32:37 (-תָ֑יִם) Jos 13:19; שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם Gn 14:5 plain of Ḳiryathaim (v. שָׁוֵה); mod. Ḳurêyât, c. 1 1/4 m. SE. from (Mt.) ˓Aṭṭarus (עֲטָרוֹת), and 6 3/4 m. NNW. from Dibon; GASm ^{567 f.} Buhl ²⁶⁷. 2. Levit. city in Naphtali 1 Ch 6:61, = קַרְתָּן || Jos 21:32 (Θεμμων, GL Καρθαν).

†קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע S GK n.pr.loc. older name of Hebron; πόλις Αρβο(κ), Καρ(ι)αθαρβοκ, etc. (prob. = fourfold city (otherwise Jos 14:15; 15:13; 21:11), v. especially GFM);—Jos 14:15 (JED), Ju 1:10b (ק׳ אַרְבַּ֑ע), also Gn 23:2 Jos 15:13, 54; 20:7; 21:11 (all P); ק׳ הָא׳ Gn 35:27 (P) Ne 11:25.—Vid. חֶבְרוֹן.

†קִרְיַת בַּעַל v. קִרְיַת יְעָרִים.

†קִרְיַת חֻצוֹת S GK n.pr.loc. in Moab, πόλεις ἐπαύλεων, Nu 22:39, site unknown.

†קִרְיַת יְעָרִים S GK n.pr.loc. πόλ(ε)ις Ιαρειμ[ν], Καριαθιαρειμ, etc. (city of forests);—city of the Gibeonites Jos 9:17, assigned to Judah Jos 15:60 cf. Ju 18:12⁽⁾, on border of Benj. Jos 15:9 (הַר יְעַרִים v 10, G πόλιν Ιαρειν, v. יְעָרִים), 18:14, assigned to Benj. v 28 (יְעָרִים om. by textual error before עָרִים, v. G); near Beth Shemesh 1 S 6:21, long the abode of ark 7:1, 2 1 Ch 13:5, 6 2 Ch 1:4; named in genealogical list 1 Ch 2:50, 52, 53; named also Ne 7:29 = ק׳ עָרִים Ezr 2:25 (read יְעָרִים); c. art. ק׳ הַיְּעָרִים Je 26:20; abbreviated (in poet.) (שְׂדֵי־) יָ֑עַר ψ 132:6; called also קִרְיַת־בַּעַל (Καριαθβααλ) Jos 15:60; 18:14 + v 15 (where read for ק׳ יְעָרִים, so G Di Benn Steuern); this abbrev. into בַּפֲלָה, 15:9, 10 [(Ιε)βααλ], also v 11, 29, and מִבַּעֲלֵי יְהוּדָה 2 S 6:2 (read בַּעַל יְה׳, or בַּעֲלַת יְה׳), בַּעֲלָ֑תָה || 1 Ch 13:6 (v. on these ii. בַּעֲלָה). Identif. uncertain; Rob ^{ii. 11} conj. Kiryat el-˓Enab, 8 m. + W. of Jerusalem (cf. Καριαθιαρειμ Lag ²⁷¹); ˓Erma (Henderson ^{85, 112, 210} Conder ^{iii. 43 ff.}), cf. GASm ^{225 f.} Buhl ^{166 f.}

קִרְיַת־סַנָּה S GK v. foll.

קִרְיַת עָרִים S GK v. foreg.

†קִרְיַת־סֵ֫פֶר S GK n.pr.loc. πόλις(τῶν)γραμμάτων, + (G^B Ju 1:11) Καριασσωφαρ: ancient name of דְּבִיר (v. ii. ד׳ 2 c) (perhaps ק׳־סֹפֵר 16, cf. G supr., also S and Egyptian Baⁱ-ti̥ṯu-pa-ï̥rḁ, house of scribe, WMM ¹⁷⁴ Buhl ²⁷⁴, cf. GFM Ju);—Jos 15:15, 16 Ju 1:11, 12; another name is ק׳־סַנָּה Jos 15:49 (but G πόλις γραμμάτων, hence read perhaps ק׳־ספר, so Steuern), in S. Judah; on site (prob. Dhoherîye, 5 h. SW. from Hebron) v. ii. דְּבִיר 2 c and Buhl ¹⁶⁴.

†[קֶ֫רֶת S TWOT GK] n.f. town, city (late poet.) (cf. Ph. קרת הדשת n.pr.loc. in Cyprus, also = Carthage, and perhaps Cirta, Tigranocerta; cp. Thes);—always קָ֑רֶת;—of Job’s city, Jb 29:7; indef. Pr 8:3; 9:3, 14; city as a corporate body of men 11:11.

†קַרְתָּה S GK n.pr.loc. Καδης, Καριθα, etc.: Levit. city in Zebulun Jos 21:34, site unknown.

קַרְתָּן S GK v. קִרְיָתַיִם 2.

†קְרִיּוֹת S GK n.pr.loc. (formed as pl. intens. from קִרְיָה?);— 1. in Judah Jos 15:25 (αἱ πόλεις; whence, as supposed, Judas אִישׁ קְרִיּוֹת), perhaps Ḳaryatên, c. 12 m. S. of Hebron, Buhl ¹⁸². 2. in Moab, Καριωθ, αἱ πόλεις; MI¹³ קרית: Je 48:24, הַקּ׳ v 41 Am 2:2; perhaps = Ραββαθ Μωαβ = Μοαβ = Αρεοπολις (Euseb., v. Lag ^{227, 60} ), mod. Rabba c. 11 m. S. of Arnon, cf. Buhl ²⁷⁰.

†I. קָרַח S^, TWOT^, GK vb. make bald, or a baldness, usually (by mourners) for the dead, cf. RS. ^{i. 306, 2nd ed. 324} (Arabic parallels) (NH id. Hiph. shew baldness; Arabic قَرَحَ (qaraḥa) wound, make sores, قُرْحَةٌ (qurḥatun) whiteness in face of horse (but قَرَعَ (qara˓a) be bald, أَقْرَعُ (˒aqra˓u) bald); Ethiopic ቀርሐ (qarḥa) make bald (rare); Aramaic קְרַח, ܩܪܰܚ (qraḥ), chiefly deriv. (and der. meanings); cf. Sin. n.pr.m. קרחה, קרחו; MI^{3, 21, 24, 25} n.pr.loc. קרחה);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִקְרְחוּ קָרְחָה בְּרֹאשָׁם Lv 21:5 Qr (> Kt יקרחה; || יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ cf. Dt 14:1); Imv. fs. קָרְחִי וָגֹ֫זִּי עַל Mi 1:16 make a baldness … for. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּרֵחַ לָהֶם Je 16:6 men shall not make themselves bald for them. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְהִקְרִיחוּ אֵלַיִךְ קָרְחָה Ez 27:31 and they shall make a baldness (cf. Qal) for thee. Hoph. Pt. כָּל־רֹאשׁ מֻקְרָח Ez 29:18 every head made bald (by carrying load).

†קֵרֵחַ S TWOT GK adj. bald;—Lv 13:40 (distinct from גִּכֵּחַ v 41); n.m. 2 K 2:23⁽⁾.

†קָרְחָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, , קָרְחָא n.f. baldness, bald spot, made in mourning;—abs. ק׳ Is 3:24 +; sf. קָרְחָתֵךְ Mi 1:16;—bald spot, עַל־כָּל־רֹאשׁ Am 8:10, בְּכָל־ר׳ Is 15:2 Ez 7:18; ק׳ בְּרֹאשׁ Lv 21:5 (acc. cogn.); כָּל־רֹאשׁ ק׳ Je 48:37; ק׳ כַּנֶּשֶׁר Mi 1:16; בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם Dt 14:1; opp. מַעֲשֶׂה מִקְשֶׁה Is 3:24; also Je 47:5 and (acc. cogn.) Ez 27:31 (קָרְחָא).

†קָרַ֫חַת S TWOT GK^, n.f. baldness of head;—abs. ק׳ Lv 13:42a; sf. קָרַחְתּוֹ v 42 +;—baldness of head (always opp. גַּבַּחַת baldness of forehead), Lv 13:42⁽⁾, 43, 55.

קָרֵחַ S GK₁₄ n.pr.m. in Judah (bald one);—2 K 25:23, Καρηθ, GL Καρηε; Je 40:8 + 12 times Je, Καρηε.

†קֹ֫רַח S GK₃₇ n.pr.m. Κορε (baldness?);— 1. Edomite name: a. Gn 36:5, 14, 18 1 Ch 1:35. b. Gn 36:16 (not Sam.; prob. gloss from v 18 Di Kau Ball al.; Holz hesitates). 2. Levite, rebel ag. Moses, Nu 16:1 + 10 times 16, 17, 26:9, 10; 27:3; in geneal. lists Ex 6:21, 24 1 Ch 6:7, 22; בֶּן־ק׳ 9:19; בְּנֵי־ק׳ Nu 26:11; especially לִבְנֵי־ק׳ as company of ψ-collectors (or singers), in titles: ψ 42:1; 44:1; 45:1; 46:1; 47:1; 48:1; 49:1; 85:1; 87:1; 88:1. 3. a ‘son’ of Hebron, i.e. Judahite clan 1 Ch 2:43 Κορεε, etc.

†קָרְחִי S GK adj.gent. of קֹרַח 2; always c. art.; 1 Ch 9:31; as subst. coll. Ex 6:24 Nu 26:58; pl. הַקָּרְחִים 1 Ch 9:19; 12:7 (van d. H. v 6), 26:1; בְּנֵי הַקָּרְחִי v 19; בְּנֵי הַקָּרְחִים 2 Ch 20:19.

II. קרח TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†קֶ֫רַח S TWOT GK n.m. Jb 38:29 frost, ice;—abs. ק׳ Gn 31:40 +, קָ֑רַח Jb 6:16 +; sf. קַרְחוֹ ψ 147:17;— 1. frost of night (opp. חֹרֶב of day), Gn 31:40 (E), Je 36:30. 2. ice, Jb 6:16; 37:10; 38:29 (|| כְּפֹר hoarfrost), מַשְׁלִיךְ ק׳ כְפִתִּים ψ 147:17 (Hup al. think of hail, but v. Bae; || קָרָה cold, שֶׁלֶג, כְּפוֹר v 16); probably also כְּעֵין ק׳ Ez 1:22 (so Krae; most crystal, after G).

קְרִי S TWOT GK, קִרְיָה S^, TWOT^, GK, קִרְיַת S TWOT GK, קְרִיּוֹת S GK, etc., v. קרה.

†[קָרַם S TWOT GK] vb. spread or lay something over (NH id. form a crust, so Hiph. יקרים על Ecclus 43:20; Aramaic קְרַם, ܩܪܰܡ (qram), incrust, overlay);—Qal Pf. 1 s. וְקָרַמְתִּ֫י עֲלֵיכֶם עוֹר Ez 37:6 I will spread skin over you (i.e. the dry bones); Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְרַם עֲלֵיהֶם עוֹר v 8 (so Gi van d. H.; Baer וַיִּקְרָם, of which conflicting explan. Ges^{§ 9 u, 28 i}), indef. subj. instead of pass.; but read Niph. וַיִּקָּ֫רֶם S (cf. B) Co Berthol Toy Krae.

קַרן (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. Assyrian ḳarnu, Arabic قَرْنٌ (qarnun), Ethiopic ቀርን (qarn) NH קֶרֶן, Ph. קרן, Aramaic קַרְנָא, ܩܰܪܢܳܐ (qarno), all horn; Sab. קרן spur of mt.(?) Hom ¹²⁷; v. also Arabic قَرْنٌ (qarnun) part of man’s head where horns are in beasts, قُرْنَةٌ (qurnatun) corner, extremity, of anything Frey, horn of uterus, Lane).

קֶ֫רֶן S^, TWOT^, GK₇₅ n.f. Je 48:25 horn;—abs. ק׳ Is 5:1 +, קָ֑רֶן, ψ 75:5; cstr. קֶ֫רֶן Jos 6:5 +; sf. קַרְנִי 1 S 2:1 ψ 92:11, etc.; du. קַרְנַיִם Hb 3:4, קְרָנַיִם Dn 8:3, 6, -נָ֑יִם v 3, 20; cstr. קַרְנֵי, קַרְנוֹת ψ 75:11, sf. קַרְנָיו Gn 22:13 Dt 33:17, קְרָנָיו Dn 8:7, קַרְנֵיכֶם Ez 34:21; pl. (usually in der. senses) קְרָנוֹת Ez 43:15 +; cstr. קַרְנֹת Ex 29:12 +, sf. קַרְנֹתָיו 27:2 +, etc.;—horn; † 1. a. of ram (אַיִל) Gn 22:13, so in Daniel’s vision Dn 8:3⁽⁾, 6, 7, 20, and (of goat) v 5, 8, 9, 21; of oppressors in Isr. (under fig. of rams) Ez 34:21, so of nations Zc 2:2⁽⁾; of רְאֵם Dt 33:17 ψ 22:22 (both fig., cf. 92:11); of Zion under fig. of threshing-ox Mi 4:13; ק׳ בַּרְזֶל 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10 (symbol.); seen in Zech.’s vision Zc 2:1. b. used as oil-flask 1 S 16:1, 13 1 K 1:39 (cf. קֶרֶן הַפּוּךְ Infr.). c. ק׳ הַיּוֹבֵל, as wind-instr. Jos 6:5 (cf. שׁוֹפָר). d. קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Ez 27:15 (from curved shape of tusks). † 2. fig., of pers., symbl of strength Dt 33:17, ק׳ יִשְׁעִי 2 S 22:3 = ψ 18:3 (of י׳ as deliverer); others sub 3 or 4; especially as lifted up (רום, as of a lordly animal, cf. Dr 1 S 2:1), denoting increase of might, dignity 1 S 2:1, 10 La 2:17 ψ 75:11; 89:18, 25; 92:11; 112:9, so perhaps 1 Ch 25:5 (v. Kau; > Be blow loudly [cf. 1 c]), + לְעַמּוֹ ψ 148:14 (subj. י׳); also haughtiness, arrogance 75:5, 6; opp. גָּדַע ק׳ hew off horns, i.e. reduce, humiliate, La 2:3 ψ 75:11, pass. Je 48:25, so וְעֹלַעלתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Jb 16:15; אַצְמִיחַ ק׳ לְבֵית יִשׂ׳ Ez 29:21 is appar. of restoration of might (as ψ 148:14 supr., c. וַיָּרֶם), but אַצ׳ ק׳ לְדָוִד ψ 132:17 of raising up individual ruler of Davidic line. 3. of altar, horn-like projections at corners (26 times), Am 3:14 Je 17:1 Ez 43:15, 20 ψ 118:27 Ex 27:2⁽⁾ + 8 times Ex, Lv 4:7, 18 + 6 times Lv (all P); as sanctuary, refuge 1 K 1:50, 51; 2:28. † 4. hill (so in Arabic, peak, isolated hill, cf. Ges) Is 5:1. † 5. קַרְנֵיִם מִיָּדוֹ לוֹ Hb 3:4 rays at his side(s) had he (of lightning-flashes in theoph, cf. Now Da).—Am 6:13 v. קַרְנֵיִם n.pr.loc.

†קָרַן S TWOT GK vb.Qal denom. of קֶרֶן 5, send out rays;—Pf. 3 ms. קָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו Ex 34:29, 30, 35 (P). Hiph.denom. of קֶרֶן 1 a, display (grow) horns (be fully developed), Pt. פָּר מַקְרִן מַפְרִים ψ 69:32.

†קֶרֶן הַפּוּךְ S GK n.pr.f. (horn of antimony, i.e. beautifier, v. פּוּךְ);—Job’s third daughter Jb 42:14.

†קַרְגַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. conquered by Isr. Am 6:13 (so Gr We Now GASm, cf. also לֹא דְבָר p. 520 supr.; G and most sub קֶרֶן 2); prob. in Bashan, = Καρναιν 1 Macc 5:43, 44, Καρνιον 2 Macc 12:21; also in עַשְׁתְּרוֹת ק׳ Gn 14:5 (v. iii. עַשְׁתָּרוֹת p. 800 supr.).

†[קָרַס S TWOT GK ]vb. bend down, stoop, crouch (intrans.) (cf. perhaps Arabic قُرْصٌ (qurṣun) disc, round cake; cp. NH קַרְסוֹל, קַרְצוֹל, T קַרְסוּלָּא, קַרְצוּלָא all ankle);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. קָרְסוּ Is 46:2; Pt. קֹרֵס v 1 (both + כָּרַע); of vanquished gods of Babylon.

†[קֶ֫רֶס S TWOT GK] n.[m.] hook, on edge of curtains of tabern., matching the loops (לֻלָאֹת, v. [לוּלַי]); pl. קְרָסִים Ex 26:6, 11 = 36:13, 18, 26:33; cstr. קַרְסֵי זָהָב v 6 = 36:13, ק׳ נְחשֶׁת 26:11 = 36:18; sf. קְרָסָיו 35:11 = 39:33.

†[קַרְסֹל S TWOT GK] n.[f. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 77}] ankle (cf. G B 2 S 22:37; = ל + קֶרֶס v. Kö^{. 1, 121}); pl. sf. קַרְסֻלָּ֑י 2 S 22:37 = ψ 18:37.

†קֵרֹס n.pr.m. post-ex., Ezr 2:44, Καδης, A Κηραος; = קֵירֹס Ne 7:47, Κειρα(ς), GL (both) Κορες.

קָרַע S TWOT GK₆₃ vb. tear (NH id.; Arabic قَرَعَ (qara˓a) strike head, bell, etc., beat drum, box ear, gnash teeth (Frey Dozy); also impugn, censure);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ 1 S 15:28 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְרַע Gn 37:29 +; 1 s. sf. אֶקְרָעֶנָּה 1 K 11:12, etc.; Imv. mpl. קִרְעוּ 2 S 3:31 Jo 2:13; Inf. abs. קָרֹעַ 1 K 11:11; cstr. לִקְרוֹעַ Ec 3:7, sf. קָרְעִי Ezr 9:5; Pt. act. קֹרֵעַ 1 K 11:31; pass. קָרוּעַ 2 S 15:32, etc.;—tear, rend: 1. a. usually (39 times) of rending garment in (1) grief: בֶּגֶד Gn 37:29, שִׂמְלָה 37:34; 44:13, כְּתֹנֶת 2 S 13:19, ק׳ ב׳ לִשְׁנָיִם קְרָעִים 2 K 2:12, ק׳ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל ב׳ Jo 2:13; pt. pass. בְּגָדָיו ק׳ 2 S 1:2; cstr. קְרֻעֵי ב׳ torn of garments (pers. with torn garments) 2 S 13:31 (but read קָֽרְעוּ ב׳ G B Th We al.), 2 K 18:37 = Is 36:22, Je 41:5; מְעִיל †Jb 1:20; 2:12 Ezr 9:3 ( + בֶּגֶד), כְּתֹנֶת 2 S 13:19, קָרוּעַ כֻּתָּנְתּוֹ 2 S 15:32 (Ges ^{121 d}); שְׂמָלֹת †Gn 37:34; 44:13 Jos 7:6; pt. pass. †מַדָּיו קְרֻעִים 1 S 4:12; †(2) as symbolic act, ק׳ שַׂלְמָה שְׁנֵים עָשָׁר קְרָעִים 1 K 11:30; †(3) abs. עֵת לִקְרוֹעַ וְעֵת לִתְפּוֹר Ec 3:7. b. tear away or out: veils Ez 13:21, fillets from (מֵעַל) arms v 20, mark of leprosy out of (מִן) garment Lv 13:56. † 2. tear away sovereignty (under fig. of garment), subj. י׳, מֵעַל pers. 1 S 15:28 1 K 11:11, also מִיַּד 1 S 28:17 1 K 11:12, 31, מִן 14:8, abs. 11:13; c. acc. יִשׂ׳ + מֵעַל 2 K 17:21. † 3. tear, rend asunder: a. book with (ב) knife Je 36:23. b. = make wide, large, eyes, with (ב) stibium Je 4:30; windows, וק׳ לוֹ חַלּוֹנָ֑י[ו] 22:14. c. rend open heavens, and descend, of י׳, Is 63:19. † 4. tear, rend, of wild beasts: י׳ as fierce bear Ho 13:8 (obj. סְגוֹר לִבָּם); fig. of human foes ψ 35:15 (acc. pers. om.), so Hup al., but (from context) Ol Bae We al. malign, rail (cf. Arabic supr.); > Gr al. קָרְאוּ. †Niph. be rent, of garment (מְעִיל), Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקָּרַ֑ע 1 S 15:27, יִקָּרֵעַ Ex 28:32; 39:23; be rent, split asunder, of altar 1 K 13:3, 5.

†[קֶ֫רַע n.m. 1 K 11:30 torn piece of garment, rag;—pl. קְרָעִים 1 K 11:30 he tore it into twelve pieces, v 31 2 K 2:12; rags Pr 23:21 (sign of poverty).

†[קָרַץ S TWOT GK] vb. nip, pinch (NH קָרַץ cut dough, compress lips, קֶרֶץ piece of bread; Assyrian ḳarâṣu, nip off, gnaw, Arabic قَرَصَ (qaraṣa) pinch; Ethiopic ቀረጸ (qaraṣa) incise; Syriac ܩܪܺܝܨܳܐ (qriṣo) nail [v. also Biblical Aramaic]; cf. Frä^{35 f.});—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִקְרְצוּ־עַיִן ψ 35:19 let them not pinch the eye, i.e. wink maliciously, so Pt. act. קֹרֵץ ע׳ Pr 10:10, ק׳ בְּעֵינוֹ 6:13; also ק׳ שְׂפָתָיו 16:30 pinching his lips (i.e. compressing, as NH, or biting, gnawing, cf. Assyrian). Pu. Pf. 1 s. מֵחֹמֶר קֹרַצְתִּי Jb 33:6 from clay I was nipped off (cf. Assyrian ṭîṭa iḳtariṣ, he nipped off clay, to form Eabani).

†קֶ֫רֶץ S TWOT GK n.m. dub. word, appar. nipping, concr. nipper usually interpr. (since Hi) of a nipping or stinging insect (cf. Aramaic קָרוֹצָא, Arabic قَارِصٌ (qāriṣun) biting insect); e.g. gadfly (cf. Thes ¹¹¹), fig. of Nebuchadr. ק׳ מִצָּפוֹן בָּא Je 46:20 a gadfly cometh from the north; B (Aq Symm) stimulator, i.e. קֹרֵץ; Thes al., more gen., excidium.

†i. קַרְקַע S^, TWOT GK^, n.[m.] floor (prob. redupl. from a √ קרר, or קור; NH id., ground, so T קַרְקְעָא, קַרְקָעִימָא; appar. = Assyrian ḳaḳḳaru, ground, earth, Arabic قَرْقَرٌ (qarqarun) terra aequabilis mollisque; cf. Kö ^{1, 91});—abs. ק׳ 1 K 6:16; 7:7 a, -קָ֑ע v 7 b (v. infr.); cstr. קַרְקַע Nu 5:17 +;—floor of temple 1 K 6:15⁽⁾, 16, 30; 7:7 a; v 7 b read prob. הַקּוֹרוֹת rafters (cf. 6:15 and קוֹרָה) S B Th Sta Kmp Benz; (earth)-floor of tabern. Nu 5:17; קַרְקַע הַיָּם Am 9:3 the floor, bottom of the sea.

†ii. קַרְקַע S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. (floor);—c. art. + ה loc., הַקַּרְקָ֑עָה Jos 15:13, on extreme S. border of Judah; τὴν κατὰ δυσμὰς Καδης.

†קַרְקֹר S GK n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan, Ju 8:10, site unknown; Καρκαρ.

קַרְקַר S TWOT GK Nu 24:17 read קָדְקֹד q.v.

†I. [קָרַר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. be cold (Arabic قَرَّ (qarra) be cold, so Ethiopic ቈረረ (qʷarara) Syriac ܩܰܪ (qar); T Ithpa. is cool oneself (rare); Levy cp. also NH Nithp. נִתְקָרֵר grow calm [i.e. cool]);—Hiph. make or keep cool: Pf. 3 fs. הֵקֵ֫רָה, fig., Je 6:7 b Jerus. keepeth her wickedness cool, fresh; Inf. cstr. metapl. הָקִיר (Ges ^{67 v}) v 7 a, of בּוֹר keeping water cool (sim.).

†קַר S TWOT GK adj. cool;—cstr. (fig.) וְקַר־רוּחַ Pr 17:27 (Kt) cool of spirit, i.e. calm, self-possessed (Qr יְקַר־); pl. קָרִים of water Je 18:14 Pr 25:25.

†קֹר S TWOT GK n.[m.] cold;—abs. Gn 8:22 (חֹם).

†קָרָה S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.f. id.;—abs. בְּיוֹם ק׳ Na 3:17 a day of coldness, cold day, so Pr 25:20; ק׳ alone, cold of night Jb 24:7; in gen., due to winds 37:9 (מִמְּזָרִים v. זרה Pi.; yet Voigt Bu, attractively, מִמְּזָוִים (cf. ψ 144:13) out of storehouses [|| חֶדֶר]); לִפְנֵי קָרָתוֹ מִי יַעֲמֹד ψ 147:17, + pl. Zc 14:6 (read וְקָרוֹת, v. יָקָר).

†מְקֵרָה S TWOT GK n.f. coolness;—abs. מ׳ of chamber: עֲלִיַּת הַמּ׳ Ju 3:20 = חֲדַר הַמּ׳ v 24.

†II. [קָרַר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. Pilp. tear down (?) (NH קִרְקֵר. tear down wall);—only Pt. מְקַרְקַר קִר Is 22:5 usually (men are) tearing down wall(s), but v i. קִיר 3 ad fin.

קרשׁ TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. NH קָרַשׁ be(come) firm, solid, קֶרֶשׁ board (rare)).

קֶ֫רֶשׁ S TWOT GK₅₁ n.m. Ex 26:16 board, boards;—abs. ק׳ Ex 26:18 +, קָ֑רֶשׁ v 20 +; sf. קַרְשֵׁךְ Ez 27:6; pl. קְרָשִׁים v 15 +; cstr. קַרְשֵׁי v 26 +; sf. קְרָשָׁיו 35:11 +;—† 1. coll. boards, of deck Ez 27:6 (of Tyre under fig. of ship). 2. board of tabern. Ex 26:15, 16⁽⁾ + 45 times 26–40; Nu 3:36; 4:31 (all P).

קֶ֫רֶת S TWOT GK, קַרְתָּה S GK, קַרְתָּן S GK v. קרה.

קשׂה S TWOT GK (√ of foll., meaning dub.; cf. Arabic قَشْوَةٌ (qašwatun) 2 Ethiopic ቀሡት (qašut) urn, jar; NH קַסְוָה = BH קשׂוה, cf. T קַסְוָותָא, or קסתות; Talm קִסְטְ, קִיסְטָא a measure, Syriac ܩܶܣܛܳܐ (qesṭo) jar, (ט after ק), Nö ^{1882, 1179} Frä ^{63, 205} Brock ^s.v.).

†[קַשְׂוָה S TWOT^, GK, Kö ^{1, 165}] n.f. a kind of jug, jar, utensil of tabern. and (Ch) temple;—pl. קְשָׂוֹת Ex 37:16 1 Ch 28:19; cstr. קְשׂוֹת הַנָּ֑סֶךְ Nu 4:7 2 sf. (of table) Ex 25:29.

†קֶ֑סֶת S TWOT GK (for קֶשֶׂת) n.[f.] pot (for ink), ink-horn;—cstr. ק׳ הַסֹּפֵר Ez 9:2, 3, abs. הַקֶּסֶת v 11.

קשׂט TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning dub.).

†קְשִׂיטָה S TWOT GK n.f. unit of (unknown) value, perhaps weight: Gn 33:19 || Jos 24:32 (both E), Jb 42:11.

קשׂשׂ TWOT (√ of following; NH קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת scale; cf. Arabic قَشَّ (qašša) skim off fat, iv. scale off (Berggren), اقش (˒qš) 2, etc. (Muḥiṭ; i.e. scale off), cf. قَشَّ (qašša) get well from leanness, Frey (Ḳam Golius); also sweep (up débris) Dozy ^{ii. 347}).

†קַשְׂקֶ֑שֶׂת S TWOT GK n.f. scale of fish, etc.;—of water-animals having סְנַפִּיר וְק׳ fin and scale Dt 14:9, 10 = Lv 11:9, 10, 12; pl. קַשְׂקַשִּׂים, of scale-armour 1 S 17:5; pl. sf. קַשְׂקְשׂתֶיךָ Ez 29:4⁽⁾ (of Pharaoh under fig. of crocodile).

קַשׁ S TWOT GK v. קשׁשׁ.

קשׁא TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic قِثُّآءٌ (qiṯṯu˒ā˒un), Ethiopic ቍሰያት (qʷəsayāt) NH קִשּׁוּת, Pun. κισσον Löw ^{p. 408}, all cucumber(s) (Löw ^{p. 330}), so prob. Assyrian ḳiššû; cf. Syriac ܩܰܛܽܘܬܳܐ (qaṭuto) id. (Lexx), T^{Jer 1.} Nu 11:5 pl. קַטַּיָּיא (ט for ת after ק); Gk. σίκυος, σικύη Lag ^{§ 1975;} M ^{ii. 356} Lewy ³⁰).

†[קִשֻּׁאָה S TWOT GK, Löw ^{p. 330}] n.f. cucumber;—pl. קִשֻּׁאִים Nu 11:5.

†i. מִקְשָׁה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. place, field, of cucumbers, Is 1:8; so Je 10:5 Gf Gie al. (cf. Baruch 6:70).

[קָשַׁב S TWOT GK]₄₆ vb. incline, attend, of ears;—†Qal Impf. 3 fpl. תִּקְשַׁבְנָה Is 32:3 (subj. אזנים). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִקְשִׁיב Je 23:18 ψ 66:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַקְשִׁב Is 42:23, etc.; Imv. ms. הַקְשֵׁב Jb 33:21, especially הַקְשִׁ֫יבָה ψ 5:3 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַקְשִׁיב 1 S 15:22 +; Pt. מַקְשִׁיב Pr 1:24 +, pl. מַקְשִׁיבִים Ct 8:13;—give attention (sometimes + שָׁמַע); abs. Ho 5:1 1 S 15:22 Is 10:30; 28:23; 34:1; 49:1 Mi 1:2 + 12 times; + אֶל pers. Je 18:19 Zc 1:4 Is 51:4 (|| הֶאֱזִינוּ), לְ pers. ψ 55:3; + אֶל rei Je 18:18; Ne 9:34 ψ 142:7, עַל rei Je 6:19 Pr 17:4; 29:12, ל rei Je 6:17 Is 48:18 Pr 4:20; 5:1; 7:24 ψ 5:3 Ct 8:13, ב rei ψ 66:19; 86:6; also c. acc. rei Je 23:18 Jb 13:6 ψ 17:1; 61:2; acc. cogn. Is 21:7; appar. = cause to attend, c. acc. אָזְנֶ֑ךָ Pr 2:2 ( + ל rei), ψ 10:17, but usage would be so late and rare that אָזְנֶ֑ךָ is prob. subj. rei (Ges ^{144 m} Da ^{§ 109, R 3}).

†קֶ֫שֶב n.m. attentiveness;—קָ֑שֶׁב as sign of life 2 K 4:31, of a living deity 1 K 18:29; as acc. cogn. וְהִקְשִׁיב קֶשֶׁב רַב־קָ֑שֶׁב Is 21:7 he shall attend an attentiveness (give close attention),—abundance of attentiveness (cf. 63:7 ψ 145:7).

†[קַשָּׁב S TWOT GK] adj. attentive;—fs. תְּהִי נָא אָזְנְךָ קַשֶּׁבֶת Ne 1:6, + אֶל rei v 11.

†[קַשֻּׁב S TWOT GK] adj. id.;—fpl. קַשֻּׁבוֹת, of אָזְנַיִם, 2 Ch 6:40; 7:15 ψ 130:2, all + ל rei.

I. [קָשָׁה S TWOT GK] vb. be hard, severe, fierce (NH קָשָׁח be severe; Arabic قَسَا (ى) (qasā (y)) be hard, dry, iii. endure, struggle against, severity; Aramaic קְשָׁא, ܩܫܳܐ (qšo) be hard, difficult; J.Aram קְשִׁי, קַשְׁיָה adj. hard);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. קָֽשְׁתָה 1 S 5:7, קָשָׁ֑תָה Gn 49:7; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְשֶׁה Dt 1:17; 15:18, וַיִּ֫קֶשׁ 2 S 19:44;— 1. be hard, difficult Dt 1:17 (of a legal case; מִן compar.). 2. be hard, severe, ק׳ יָדוֹ עָלֵינוּ 1 S 5:7 (of י׳, in judgment); יִק׳ בְעֵינֶ֑ךָ Dt 15:18 it shall not be hard in thine eyes (seem a severe trial, an injustice); of wrath Gn 49:7 (poem in J; || עָ֑ז); of fierce words 2 S 19:44. Niph. Pt. נִקְשֶׁה Is 8:21 hardly bestead, hard pressed. Pi. Impf. 3 fs. וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Gn 35:16 (E) she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִקְשָׁה Ex 13:15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיֶּקֶשׁ 2 Ch 36:13; 3 mpl. וַיַּקְשׁוּ Je 7:26 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּהַקְשֹׁתָהּ Gn 35:17; Pt. מַקְשֶׁה Pr 28:14; 29:1;— 1. make difficult, difficulty: הִקְשָׁה לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ Ex 13:15 Pharach made difficulty about sending us away; of travail Gn 35:17 (E; as Pi.); הַקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל 2 K 2:10 thou hast made hard to ask, asked a hard thing. 2. make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4. 3. a. make hard, stiff, stubborn, fig. of obstinacy: וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם 2 K 17:14 they stiffened their neck, so Je 7:26; 17:23; 19:15 Dt 10:16 2 Ch 30:8; 36:13 Ne 9:16, 17, 29 Pr 29:1; אַל־תַּקְשׁוּ לְבַבְכֶם ψ 95:8, cf. Pr 28:14; subj. י׳, אַקְשֶׁה אֶת־לֵב פ׳ Ex 7:3 (P), acc. אֶת־רוּחוֹ Dt 2:30. b. shew stubbornness Jb 9:4 (c. אֶל pers. [י׳]).

†קָשֶׁה S TWOT GK adj. hard, severe;—abs. ק׳ Ex 18:26 +; cstr. 32:9 +; fs. קָשָׁה Dt 26:6 +; cstr. קְשַׁת 1 S 1:15; mpl. קָשִׁים 2 S 3:39; cstr. קְשֵׁי Ez 2:4; 3:7; fpl. קָשׁוֹת Gn 42:7, 30;— 1. hard, difficult, of a legal question (דָּבָר) Ex 18:26 (E). 2. a. severe, of battle 2 S 2:17, wind Is 27:8, servitude (עֲבֹדָה) 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4, Dt 26:6 Is 14:3 Ex 1:14; 6:9 (both P); as n.coll. הִרְאִיתָ עַמְּךָ קָשָׁה ψ 60:5 thou hast made thy people see severe things; קְשֵׁה יוֹם Jb 30:25 i.e. one whose time (life) is hard, so 1 S 1:15 (reading קְשַׁת יוֹם for ק׳ רוּחַ, G Th We Dr al.); severe, rough, of lord (אֲדֹנִים) Is 19:4, cf. 2 S 3:29 (c. מִן comp. [מִמֶּנּוּ? v. HPS]); הָלוֹךְ וְקָשָׁה עַל־ Ju 4:24 the hand of the sons of Israel went on being more and more severe upon Jabin; fierce, relentless, of י׳’s sword Is 27:1 (in fig.); rough, rude 1 S 25:3; severe things, of language Gn 42:7, 30 (E; c. דִּבֶּר), 1 S 20:10 1 K 12:13 = 2 Ch 10:13 (all c. עָנָה); וְאָנֹכִי שָׁלוּחַ אֵלַיִךְ קָשָׁה 1 K 14:6 I am commissioned with a severe (message) unto thee (Ges ^{121 d. N. 1} Da ^{§§ 75 (d), 80}); חָזוּת קָשָׁה Is 21:2. b. fierce, intense, vehement, of קִנְאָה Ct 8:6 (|| עַוָּה; cf. Gn 49:9). 3. עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף a people stiff of neck, stubborn, Ex 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9 (all JE), Dt 9:6, 13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה, 31:27; cf. דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Ju 2:19; קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ez 2:4 ( + חִזְקֵי־לֵב), קְשֵׁי־לֵב 3:7 ( + חִזְקֵי־מֵצַח); ק׳ alone = stubborn Is 48:4.

†קְשִׁי S TWOT GK n.[m.] stubbornness;—cstr. Dt 9:27.

†קִשְׁיוֹן S GK n.pr.loc. Levit. city in Issachar, Jos 19:20; 21:28 (in || 1 Ch 6:57 קֶדֶשׁ q.v.); Κεισων, GL Κεσιων, A Κεσ́, Κισ́.

II. קשׁה TWOT (√ of foll. meaning dub.; Thes decorticavit, = Arabic قشا (qš˒); then tornavit, but ش (š) = שׁ?).

†מִקְשֶׁה S TWOT GK n.[m.] an artistic hair arrangement;? turner’s work, Is 3:24, so most.

†ii. מִקְשָׁה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. perhaps hammered work, only of metals (orig. turner’s work?);—abs. מ׳, of cherubim in tabern. Ex 25:18; 37:7, lamp-stand 25:31, 36; 37:17, 22 Nu 8:4⁽⁾, clarions 10:2.—i. מ׳ v. קשׁא.

†[קָשַׁח S TWOT GK] vb.Hiph. 1. make hard. 2. treat hardly (Arabic قَسَحَ (qasaḥa) be hard, firm, tough; Sab. קסח hardness, severity, cruelty, SabDenkm ³⁷);— 1. make hard, stubborn, Impf. 2 ms. תַּקְשִׁיחַ (subj. י׳), c. acc. לֵב Is 63:17 ( + מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ). 2. treat hardly, roughly (of ostrich), Pf. 3 ms. הִקְשִׁיחַ Jb 39:16 (c. acc. בָּנֶיהָ; read 3 fs. הִקְשִׁיחָה Hi Siegf Du); < (Di) Inf. abs. (Ges ^{113 z}) הַקְשֵׁיחַ Ew, or Impf. 3 fs. תַּקְשִׁיחַ Hirz Bae Bu.

†קֹ֫שֶׁט S TWOT GK^, n.[m.?] bow;—ψ 60:6, Aramaic form of קֶשֶׁת, q.v. (ט for ת after ק).

קשׁט TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Palm. קשט succeed; Aramaic קְשׁוֹט, קֻשְׁטָא right, truth; Syriac ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ (qušto) id., Chr. Pal. Aramaic ܩܫܝܛ (qšyṭ) true, Mand. כשט be true, v. Schwally⁸⁶; Arabic قِسْطٌ (qisṭun) equity, justice is loan-word (v. Frä²⁰⁶)).

†קֹשְׁטְ S TWOT GK n.m. truth;—Pr 22:21 (according to Toy Aramaic gloss to foll. אִמְרֵי אֱמֶת).

קְשִׁי S TWOT GK, קִשְׁיוֹן S GK v. I. קשׁה.

 

 †קָשַׁר S TWOT GK vb. bind, league together, conspire (NH id., bind, join, קֶשֶׁר knot; T קְטַר, Syriac ܩܛܰܪ (qṭar) bind (ט for ת after ק) Nö ^xl.735, who cp. also (‘perhaps’) Arabic قَسَرَ (qasara) force to do a thing, Ethiopic ቈጸረ (qʷaṣara) bind);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. קָשַׁר Am 7:10 1 K 16:16; 2 ms. sf. וּקְשַׁרְתָּם consec. Dt 6:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקְשֹׁר 1 K 15:27 +, וַיִּקְשָׁר־ 2 K 15:30, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. קָשְׁרֵם Pr 3:3 +; Pt. act. pl. קֹשְׁרִים 2 S 15:31 +; pass. fs. קְשׁוּרָה Gn 44:30 Pr 22:15; pl. קְשֻׁרִים Gn 30:42;— 1. bind: a. lit., c. acc. rei + עַל Gn 38:28 (J), Je 51:63, + ב, Jos 2:18, 21 (JE); bind, confine, c. acc. רֵים Jb 39:10 ( + בְּתֶלֶם), acc. of crocod. 40:29. b. fig., c. acc. + עַל Dt 6:8; 11:18 Pr 3:3; 6:21; 7:3 (all of religious and moral precepts); c. ב, נַפְשׁוֹ קְשׁוּרָה בְנַפְשׁוֹ Gn 44:30 his life is bound up with his [viz. the boy’s] life (J; of strong affection); אִוֶּלֶת ק׳ בְלֶב־נָ֑עַר Pr 22:15. c. pt. pass. vigorous (proposes well-knit; opp. עֲטֻפִים) Gn 30:42 (J) 2. league together, conspire: c. על pers. against 1 S 22:8, 13 Am 7:10 1 K 15:27; 16:9 2 K 10:9; 15:10, 25, 21:23, 24 = 2 Ch 33:24, 25, 2 Ch 24:21; c. acc. cogn. קֶשֶׁר, 1 K 16:20 2 K 12:21; 15:15, + עַל pers. 14:19 = 2 Ch 25:27, 2 K 15:30; abs. 1 K 16:16 Ne 4:2 ( + inf. purpose); c. עִם, together with, 2 S 15:31. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִקְשְׁרָה 1 S 18:1 the life of Jonathan was bound up with the life of D. (Qal 1 b); Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּקָּשֵׁר כָּל־הַחוֹמָה Ne 3:38 all the wall was joined together (the circuit complete). Pi. Impf. 1. bind on (as ornament), 2 fs. sf. וּתְקַשְּׁרִים Is 49:18 (fig.; || תִּלְבְּשִׁי). 2. bind fast, 2 ms. (הַ)תְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּוֹת כִּימָה Jb 38:31 canst thou bind fast the bands of the Pleiades? Pu. Pt. הַצֹּאן הַמְּקֻשָּׁרוֹת Gn 30:41 (J), = Qal 1 c. Hithp. conspire: Pf. 3 pl. הִתְקַשְּׁרוּ עַל־ 2 Ch 24:25 (|| 2 K 12:21 Qal 2); Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר אֶל־ 2 K 9:14; Pt. pl. הַמִּתְקַשְּׁרִים עָלָיו 2 Ch 24:26.

†קֶ֑שֶׁר S TWOT GK n.m. 2 S 15:12 conspiracy;—abs. ק׳ 2 S 15:12 +, קָ֑שֶׁר 2 K 11:14 +; cstr. קֶ֫שֶׁר Ez 22:25 (but v. infr.); sf. קִשְׁרוֹ 1 K 16:20 2 K 15:15;—conspiracy 2 S 15:12; as acc. cogn. c. קָשַׁר 1 K 16:20 2 K 12:21; 14:19 = 2 Ch 25:27, 2 K 15:15, 30; וַיִּמְצָא בְּהוֹשֵׁעַ ק׳ 2 K 17:4, נִמְצָא ק׳ בְּאִישׁ וגו׳ Je 11:9; as exclam. 2 K 11:14⁽⁾ = 2 Ch 23:13⁽⁾, Is 8:12⁽⁾ (Gr Lag Che Gu al. קֹדֶשׁ or קָדשׁ); קֶשֶׁר נְבִיאֶיהָ Ez 22:25, < read אֲשֶׁר נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Co Toy Krae al. (after G).

†קִשֻּׁרִים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. bands, sashes, or other woman’s ornament that is bound on:—abs. ק׳ Is 3:20; sf. קִשֻּׁרֶיהָ Je 2:32 (|| עֶדְיָהּ; cf. √ Pi. Is 49:18).

I. קשׁשׁ (√ of foll.; cf. T קְשַׁשׁ be old (orig. be dried up?), Syriac ܩܰܫ (qaš) be old; J.Aram קַשִּׁישׁ old; Palm. קשישא name of office, perhaps elder; NH קַשׁ stubble, straw (Löw^{p. 160}), so Syriac ܩܶܫܳܐ (qešo), T קַשָּׁא (Ex 15:7 Is 40:24); Arabic قَشٌّ (qaššun) is loan-word Frä ¹³⁷).

†קַשׁ S TWOT GK n.m. Na 1:10 stubble, chaff;—abs. ק׳ Ex 5:12 +, כַּקַּשׁ 15:7;—lit. as acc. cogn. לְקשֵׁשׁ ק׳ לַתֶּבֶן Ex 5:12 (J); in sim., as inflammable, 15:7 Is 5:24; 47:14 Na 1:10 Jo 2:5, so in metaph. Is 33:11 Ob 18 Mal 3:19; in sim., as driven by wind Is 40:24; 41:2 Je 13:24 ψ 83:14; fig. of the worthless Jb 13:25, of harmless trifles 41:20, 21.

†[קָשַׁשׁ S TWOT^, GK] vb.denom.Pō˓. gather stubble;—Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְקשְׁשׁוּ Ex 5:7; Inf. cstr. לְקשֵׁשׁ v 12; Pt. מְקשֵׁשׁ Nu 15:32, 33, f. מְקשֶׁשֶׁת 1 K 17:10, 12;—gather stubble, c. acc. cogn. קַשׁ Ex 5:12 (לַתֶּמֶן); also c. acc. תֶּבֶן v 7 (both J); c. acc. עֵזִים as firewood Nu 15:32, 33 (P), 1 K 17:10, 12.

†II. [קָשַׁשׁ S TWOT^, GK] doubtful vb., only Qal Imv. + Hithpō˓. Imv., הִתְקוֹשְׁשׁוּ וָקוֹשּׁוּ Zp 2:1; AV RV gather yourselves together, yea gather together, from foregoing (cf. Vrss), but this only denom. in specif. meaning gather stubble, sticks, etc.; read prob. with Gr Bu ^{1893, 396} al. הִתְבּוֹשְׁשׁוּ וָבוֹשׁוּ.

†קֶ֫שֶׁת S TWOT GK n.f. Gn 9:14 (appar. m. 2 S 1:22 but v. Albr ^{xvi (1896) 91}) bow (orig. √ perhaps קושׁ, meaning unknown; NH id.; Assyrian ḳaštu; Ethiopic ቀስት (qast) Arabic قَوْسٌ (qawsun), pl. قُسِىٌّ, قِسِىٌّ (qusiyyun, qisiyyun), etc.; T קַשְׁתָּא and (ט for ת after ק) קוּשְׁטָא (rare), all bow, קַשָּׁתָא bowman; Syriac ܩܶܫܬܳܐ (qešto) bow, ܩܰܫܳܬܳܐ (qašoto) bowman; Old Aramaic קשת bow, Mand. כשטא (Frä ²⁰⁶); Palm. קשטא bowman);—abs. ק׳ Ho 1:7 +, קָ֑שֶׁת Je 46:9 +; cstr. קֶ֑שֶׁת Ho 1:5 +; sf. קַשְׁתִּי Gn 48:22 +, etc.; pl. abs. קְשָׁתוֹת 2 Ch 26:14 +; sf. קַשְּׁתֹתָיו (Ges ^{20 h}) Is 5:28, קַשְּׁתוֹתָם Je 51:56 ψ 37:15, קַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶם Ne 4:7 (קַשְׁתֹּתָיו etc., van d. H. [except ψ 37:15]);— 1. bow: a. for hunting Gn 27:3 (J; + תְּלִי). b. battle: + (or || חֶרֶב, Gn 48:22 Jos 24:12 (both E), Ho 1:7; 2:20 1 S 18:4 ( + חֲגֹרוֹ), 2 S 1:22 2 K 6:22 Is 41:2 Ne 4:7 ( + רָמְחֵיחֶם), Zc 9:13 (fig. of Judah as י׳’s bow), ψ 37:15 (fig.), 44:7 ( + or || חֶרֶב also infr.); + (or ||) חִזִּים Is 7:24 2 K 13:15⁽⁾ Ez 39:3, 9 1 Ch 12:2a; cf. רִשְׁפֵי ק׳ ψ 76:4 = arrow ( + מָגֵן וְחֶרֶב) so בֶּן ק׳ Jb 41:20 (cf. La 3:13 Jb 5:7); + חֲנִית ψ 46:10, + כִּידוֹן Je 6:23; 50:42; + various weapons Ne 4:10 2 Ch 26:14; alone Is 13:18 (context corrupt), 22:3 Je 51:56 Hb 3:9 (of י׳ as warrior); ק׳ מִלְחָמָה Zc 9:10; 10:4; in sim. כְּק׳ רְמִיָּה like a bow of deception Ho 7:16 ψ 78:57 (i.e. one that misses its aim; al. slack bow). c. ק׳ coll. = bow(-men), archers Is 21:17. d. phrases are: הַמּוֹרִים אֲנָשִׁים בַּקּ׳ 1 S 31:3 archers, bowmen (but dub.; Dr Kit Löhr tr., א׳ הַמּ׳; We Bu del. א׳, as || 1 Ch 10:3; HPS Now del. א׳ בַּקּ׳), הַמּוֹרִים בַּקּ׳ 1 Ch 10:3; מְטַחֲוֵי ק׳ Gn 21:16 (v. [טָחָה]), רמֵה ק׳ Je 4:29, cf. perhaps Gn 21:21 v. קַשַּׁת, || נשְׁקֵי ק׳ (v. II. נָשַׁק) 1 Ch 12:2 b 2 Ch 17:17, נוֹ׳ רוֹמֵי ק׳ ψ 78:9; תֹּפֵשׂ הַקּ׳ Am 2:15 one grasping the bow, (v. Je 46:9 infr.) v. also מִלֵּא יָדוֹ בַקּ׳ 2 K 9:24, הַרְכֵּב יָֽדְךָ עַל־הַקּ׳ 13:16; דָּרַךְ ק׳ bend (lit. tread) the bow, Is 5:28 (pt. pass.), 21:15 (id.; || חֶרֶב), Je 50:14, 29; 51:3 1 Ch 5:18; 8:40 2 Ch 14:7; ψ 37:14 (|| חֶרֶב), in fig. 11:2 (|| חֵץ), and, of God, La 2:4; 3:12 ψ 7:13 (|| חֶרֶב); תֹּפְשֵׂי דֹּרְכֵי ק׳ Je 46:9; cf. (fig.) וַיַּדְרְכוּ אֶת־לְשׁוֹנָם קַשְׁתָּם Je 9:2; also וְנִחֲתָה ק׳ נְחוּשָׁה ψ 18:35 = 2 S 22:35 (read וְנִחֲתָה for וְנִחַת); מָשַׁךְ בַּקּ׳ draw the bow 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, Is 66:19. e. bow (passing over into) fig. of might, Gn 49:24 (poem), 1 S 2:4 Ho 1:5 Je 49:35 Jb 29:20 (cf. ψ 37:15, b. supr.). f. ק׳ נְחוּשָׁה fig. of divine judgment Jb 20:24 (|| נֵשֶׁק בַּרְזֶל). 2. rainbow: כְּמַרְאֵה הַקּ׳ אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בֶעָנָן בְּיוֹם הַגֶּשֶׁם Ez 1:28; Gn 9:13, 14, 16 (P).—וַיֹּאמֶד לְלַמֵּד בְּנֵי־יְהוּדָה קָ֑שֶׁת 2 S 1:18 is corrupt; G al. om.; We Now think misplaced gloss on v 6; v. further HPS.

†קַשָּׁת S TWOT GK n.m. bowman (si vera l.);—וַיְהִי רֹבֶה ק׳ Gn 21:20 and he became, growing up, a bowman; but ר׳ then superfluous (om. G), after וַיִּגְדָּ֑ל v a; Kn Di רֹבֵה קָ֑שֶׁת ( = רֹמֵה ק׳ Je 4:29, which Ball reads here), cf. Holz Gunk.