†לבב (meaning dub.; Dl^{. 88 ff.} finds orig. meaning in Assyrian labâbu, in unruhiger Bewegung sein;—√ of לֵבָב, לֵב; cf. NH id., Assyrian libbu, Aramaic לִבָּא, ܠܶܒܳܐ (lebo), Ethiopic ልብ (ləbb) Arabic لُبٌّ (lubbun), Sab. לב, Sab.Denkm. ^{p. 13, 1, 1. 7});—the literary usage of לֵב and לֵבָב is: 1. earliest poetry, J and E chiefly, Eph doc. of Ju S K chiefly, Am Ho Zc 9–11 Is 15 use לֵב. 2. לֵבָב first appears in Is and certain strata of E and Eph doc. of Ju S K, and is continued in Zp Na (prob.) D H Dt editors and some ψψ. 3. Je Ez Jb prefer לֵב but use occasionally לֵבָב. 4. Is 2, 3 La and exilic ψψ use לֵב. 5. Is 13–14:23 Je 50–51 Hg Zc 1–8 Jo Jon ψ 25, 90, 104, use לבב. 6. Mal Ob Zc 12–14 Memorials of Ezr and Ne Pr Ru Ct and many ψψ of Persian period use לֵב. 7. Chr and Dn use לֵבָב. 8. Ec Est and latest ψψ use לֵב. Exceptions will be noted and suspected passages indicated by? under לבב and לב which are treated apart. See Br ‘Study of the use of לב and לבב in the OT’ in Semitic Studies in Memory of Dr. Kohut, Berlin, 1897.

†לֵבָב S TWOT GK₂₅₁ n.m. ψ 104:15 inner man, mind, will heart;—abs. ל׳ Dt 28:28 + 31 times; cstr. לְבַב Dt 20:8 + 22 times; sf. לְבָבִי Is 21:4 + 24 times; לְבָֽבְךָ Dt 4:29 + 35 times; לְבָבֶ֑ךָ Dt 4:39 + 21 times; לֵבָבֵךְ 1 S 1:8 + 3 times; לְבָבוֹ Dt 2:30 + 37 times; לְבָבָהּ Zp 2:15 + 3 times; לְבָבֵנוּ Dt 1:28 + 3 times; לְבַבְכֶם Dt 10:16 + 37 times; לְבָבָם Lv 26:41 + 22 times; pl. c.sf. לִבְבֵהֶן Na 2:8 (Sta ^{353 a} לְבַבְהֶן, but see Kö^{. 78}); pl. לְבָבוֹת 1 Ch 28:9.—The inner, middle, or central part: I. seldom of things בִּלְבַב יַמִּים in the midst of the seas, Jon 2:3 (poetry); עד לבב השׁמים unto the midst of heaven Dt 4:11 (so Sam but MT לב). II. usually of men: 1. the inner man in contrast with the outer, כלה שׁארי ולבבי my flesh and my heart (soul) doth faith ψ 73:26; antithesis with garments Jo 2:13; hands ψ 73:13 La 3:41 (?); eyes Nu 15:39 (H) 1 S 16:7; ears Ez 3:10; mouth Dt 30:14; speech ψ 28:3; 78:18; מְתֹפֲפֹת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶן tabering upon their breasts Na 2:7 (inner for outer). 2. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, or, in connexion with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of them. בכל־לבב ובכל־נפשׁ with all the heart and with all the soul Dt 4:29; 6:5; 10:12; 11:13; 13:4; 26:16; 30:2, 6, 10 Jos 22:5; 23:14 1 K 2:4; 8:48 ( = 2 Ch 6:38 לב?) 2 K 23:25 2 Ch 15:12; 34:31 ( = 2 K 23:3 לב?) Je 32:41; abbr. בכל־לבב 1 S 7:3; 12:20, 24 1 K 14:8 2 K 10:31 2 Ch 15:15; 22:9; 31:21 ψ 86:12; 111:1 Je 29:13 Jo 2:12; אשׁר בלבב what is in the heart (mind) Dt 8:2 1 S 9:19; 14:7 2 S 7:3 ( = 1 Ch 17:2) 2 K 10:30; 2 Ch 32:31; cf. Jb 10:13, ψ 84:6 (?); עם לבב with the heart (mind), c. ידע Dt 8:5, שִׂיחַ ψ 77:7, usually c. (היה), of a thought or purpose, Dt 15:9 Jos 14:7 1 K 8:17, 18⁽⁾ ( = 2 Ch 6:7, 8⁽⁾) 10:2 ( = 2 Ch 9:1) 1 Ch 22:7; 28:2 2 Ch 1:11; 29:10 (cf. 24:4 לב); כלבב according to the heart 1 S 13:14; 14:7 ψ 20:5. We may add Dt 5:26; 11:16, 18; 17:17 1 S 2:35 2 S 19:15 1 K 8:39⁽⁾ ( = 2 Ch 6:30⁽⁾) 11:2, 3 (לב an error) v 4, 9 1 Ch 12:17; 22:19; 28:9 ψ 62:9; 86:11; 139:23 Is 7:2 Dn 11:27, 28. 3. specific ref. to mind (characteristic of לבב): a. אַנְשֵׁי לֵבָב men of mind Jb 34:10, 34; גם לי לבב I also have a mind Jb 12:3; הוֹלֵלוֹת בִּל׳ madness is in (their) mind Ec 9:3 (?); וַתִּגְנֹב לְבָבִי and thou didst steal my mind Gn 31:26 (E, the לֵב of v 20 should be corrected to לבב cf. ‘steal me’ v 27). b. knowledge, c. ידע Dt 8:5 Jos 23:14 1 K 2:44; הבין Is 6:10; 32:4; חֲכַם לֵבָב wise of mind Jb 9:4; לְבַב חָכְמָה mind of wisdom ψ 90:12. c. thinking, reflection, c. חשׁב Is 10:7 Zc 7:10; 8:17; (שׂיח ψ 77:7 supr.); יצר מחשׁבות ל׳ conception of thoughts of mind 1 Ch 29:18; מַשְׂכִּיּוֹת ל׳ imaginations of (their) mind ψ 73:7; מוֹרָשֵׁי ל׳ possessions (thoughts) of (my) mind Jb 17:11; שׂם לבב set the mind, consider Hg 2:15, 18⁽⁾, c. לְ Dt 32:46, על Hg 1:5, 7. d. of memory שׂם בלבב lay up in the mind 1 S 21:13 Jb 22:22; השׁיב אל ל׳ lay to heart, call to mind Dt 4:39; 30:1 2 Ch 6:37 ( = 1 K 8:47 לב?); עלה על ל׳ come upon the mind Je 51:50 Ez 38:10 (cf. לֵב 3 d); סוּר מל׳ depart from the mind Dt 4:9; שׁמר בתוך ל׳ keep in the midst of (thy) mind Pr 4:21; על ל׳ upon the mind Dt 6:6. 4. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will (characteristic of ל׳): הכין ל׳ set the mind, c. אֶל 1 S 7:3 1 Ch 29:18, לְ 2 Ch 20:33 לדרשׁ 2 Ch 19:3; 30:19 Ezr 7:10; הטה ל׳ אֶל Jos 24:23 (E) 1 K 8:58; נתן ל׳ לדרשׁ 1 Ch 22:19, cf. 2 Ch 11:16; ל׳ פנה מעם mind turn away from Dt 29:17; 30:17; יֵהָפֵךְ ל׳ פ׳ Pharaoh’s mind was changed Ex 14:5 (E). 5. spec. ref. to conscience לא יחרף לבבי my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me Jb 27:6. 6. spec. ref. to moral character (characteristic of ל׳): God tries the ל׳ 1 Ch 29:17: a. ישֶׁר ל׳ uprightness of heart Dt 9:5 1 Ch 29:17, ψ 119:7 (?); יִשְׁרֵי ל׳ 2 Ch 29:34; יִשְׁרַת ל׳ 1 K 3:6; ל׳ יָשָׁר 2 K 10:15⁽⁾; תָּם־ל׳ integrity of heart Gn 20:5, 6 (E) 1 K 9:4 ψ 78:72; 101:2; (עִם) ל׳ שָׁלֵם heart perfect (with) 1 K 8:61; 11:4; 15:3, 14 ( = 2 Ch 15:17) 2 K 20:3 ( = Is 38:3 לֵב?) 1 Ch 12:39; 29:19 2 Ch 16:9; 19:9; 25:2; בַּר־ל׳ pure in heart ψ 24:4; בָּרֵי ל׳ ψ 73:1. We may add 2 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 34:27, Ne 9:8 Je 32:40. b. it is the seat of naughtiness 1 S 17:28 (?), erring ψ 95:10; in froward ψ 101:4. c. seat of pride, ψ 101:5 Is 9:8; 10:12, 60:5 (?) Ez 28:5, 6(?) Dn 8:25; רָם ל׳ heart is lifted up Dt 8:14; 17:20 Ez 31:10 Dn 11:12. d. is circumcised Dt 10:16; 30:6 Je 4:4, or uncircumcised Lv 26:41 (H); is hardened אמּץ ל׳ Dt 2:30; 15:7 2 Ch 36:13; כבּד ל׳ 1 S 6:6 (?); הקשׁה ל׳ ψ 95:8. 7. = the man himself (meaning characteristic of נֶפֶשׁ) אמר בל׳ say in the heart (to oneself) Dt 7:17; 8:17; 9:4; 18:21 ψ 4:5 Is 14:3; 47:8; 49:21 Je 5:24; 13:22 Zp 1:12; 2:15; ללבב Ho 7:2 (?); דבר בל׳ ψ 15:2; ברכו בל׳ Jb 1:5; התברך בל׳ Dt 29:18 יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם let your heart (you yourselves) live ψ 22:27; 69:33 (cf. 119:175). 8. spec. as the seat of the appetites (for which usually נֶפֶשׁ) סעד ל׳ stay the heart (with food) ψ 104:15 Ju 19:8 (?); יִיטַב לְבָבֶ֑ךָ that thine heart may be merry (with wine) Ju 19:9 (?); יַיִן יְשַׂמַּח ל׳ wine gladdens the heart ψ 104:15. 9. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions (for which usually נפשׁ): a. of joy Is 30:29 Je 15:16 Ez 36:5, gladness Dt 28:47, desire Pr 6:25 (?); דבּר על ל׳ speak into the heart (comfortably) 2 Ch 32:6 (elsewhere לֵב) b. of trouble 1 K 8:38 ψ 25:17; 73:21; weakness, faintness Lv 26:36 (H) Dt 20:3, 8⁽⁾ 2 Ch 13:7 Is 1:5; 7:4 Je 51:46, grief Dt 15:10 1 S 1:8, sorrow ψ 13:3, fear Dt 28:67, dismay Is 21:4, astonishment Dt 28:28, anger 19:6, hate Lv 19:17 (H); ימּס ל׳ the heart melteth Dt 20:8 Jos 2:11; 5:1; 7:5 (all D) Is 13:7; 19:1; המס ל׳ Dt 1:28 (so read prob. also Jos 14:8, where לֵב error). 10. seat of courage (for which usually רוּחַ), יָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ stir up his power and his courage Dn 11:25; יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם let your heart take courage ψ 31:25.

לֵב S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, ₅₉₉ n.m. Pr 23:15 (†f. Pr 12:25, from influence of נֶפֶשׁ v. De Now) inner man, mind, will, heart, abs. and cstr. לֵב Gn 8:21 + 239 times; לֶב־ Ex 15:8 + 15 times; sf. לִבִּי Gn 24:45 + 102 times; לִבְּךָ Ex 9:14 + 28 times; לִבֶּ֑ךָ Ju 19:6 + 25 times; לִבֵּךְ Is 47:7 + 7 times; לִבּוֹ Gn 6:5 + 93 times; לִבָּהּ Ju 19:3 + 7 times; לִבֵּנוּ Is 41:22 + 5 times; לִבְּכֶם Gn 18:5 + 2 times; לִבָּם Gn 42:28 + 56 times; לִבָּן Ex 35:26; לִבְּהֶן Ez 13:17; pl. לִבּוֹת ψ 7:10 Pr 15:11 + 3 times Pr.; sf. לִבֹּתָם Is 44:18; לִבּוֹתָם ψ 125:4—inner part, midst: I. seldom of things, בְּלֶב־יָם in the midst of the sea Ex 15:8 Pr 23:34; 30:19; בְּלֵב יַמִּים ψ 46:3 Ez 27:4, 25, 26, 27; 28:2, 8 בלב האלה 2 S 18:14; בְּלֵב אֹיְבֵי in the midst of the enemies of ψ 45:2 (v. Br ^{in loco}; AV RV al. in the heart of). II. elsewhere of men: † 1. the inner man in contrast with outer לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out ψ 84:3; || מעים ψ 22:15 Je 4:19, the inner for outer מעים Je 49:22; as within the breast על לב Ex 28:3, 29, 30⁽⁾ (P); מלב 2 K 9:24; בלב ψ 37:15 2 S 18:14; סְגוֹר לִבָּם Ho 13:8; antithesis with בָּשָׂר Pr 14:30 Ec 2:3; head Is 1:5, face Ez 14:3, 4, 7; arm Ct 8:6; hands Ez 22:14; bones ψ 102:5; eyes 1 K 9:3 ( = 2 Ch 7:16) Je 22:17; ear Pr 22:17; 23:12; mouth ψ 55:22; lips Is 29:13; אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר I slept but my heart waked Ct 5:2. 2. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, with occasional emphasis of one or the other by means of certain verbs: † בכל לב 1 K 8:23 ( = 2 Ch 6:14) ψ 9:2; 119:2, 10, 34, 58, 69, 145; 138:1 Pr 3:5 Je 3:10; 24:7; †עם לב 2 Ch 24:4 (see לבב 2); † כלב 2 S 7:21 ( = 1 Ch 17:19) Je 3:15; תַּעֲלֻמוֹת לֵב secrets of the heart ψ 44:22; לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר the heart of kings is unsearchable Pr 25:3; הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם ψ 33:15 etc. 3. specific reference to mind: a. †מִלֵּב of one’s own mind Nu 16:28; 24:13 (JE) 1 K 12:33 Ne 6:8 Ez 13:2, 17; †חֲסַר לֵב destitute of mind Pr 6:32; 7:7; 9:4, 16; 10:13, 21; 11:12; 12:11; 15:21; 17:18; 24:30; לִבּוֹ חָסֵר Ec 10:3; אֵין לֵב Je 5:21 Ho 7:11; לב אין Pr 17:16; קנה לב get a mind Pr 15:32; 19:8; כֹּחַ לב power of mind Jb 36:5; רֹחַב לב breadth of mind 1 K 5:9, גנב לב 2 S 15:6 Gn 31:20 (E? see לבב 3 a). b. knowledge, c. †ידע Dt 29:3 Pr 14:10; 22:17 Ec 1:17; 7:22, 25; 8:5, 16 Je 24:7; ראה ψ 66:18 Ec 1:16; חָכַם לב mind is wise Pr 23:15; †לֵב חָכָם wise mind 1 K 3:12 Pr 16:23 Ec 8:5; †חֲכַם לֵב Ex 31:6; 35:10; 36:1, 2, 8 (P) Pr 10:8; 11:29; 16:21; †חַכְמֵי לֵב Ex 28:3 (P) Jb 37:24; †חכמת לב Ex 35:25, 35 (P); לב חכמים Ec 7:4; 10:2; לב כסילים Pr 12:23; 15:7 Ec 7:4; 10:2; c. חכמה Ex 36:2 (P) 1 K 10:24 ( = 2 Ch 9:23) Pr 2:10; 17:16 Ec 2:3; †לֵב נָבוֹן intelligent mind Pr 14:33; 15:14; 18:15; with הבין Pr 8:5; תְּבוּנָה Pr 2:2; שָׂ֑כֶל Jb 17:4 etc. c. thinking, reflection, c. חשׁב ψ 140:3 Pr 16:9; מחשׁבות Gn 6:5 (J) ψ 33:11 Pr 6:18; 19:21 cf. Gn 8:21 (J); הגה muse, study Pr 15:28; 24:2 Is 33:18; 59:13; הגיון ψ 19:15; הָגוּת ψ 49:4; †שׂם לב set the mind, consider Is 41:22 Ez 44:5, c. לְ 1 S 9:20 Ez 40:4; 44:5; אֶל Ex 9:21 (J) 1 S 25:25 2 S 18:3⁽⁾ Jb 2:3; 34:14; עַל Jb 1:8; † שׁת לב ψ 62:10 Pr 22:17; 24:32, c. לְ Ex 7:23 (JE) 1 S 4:20 2 S 13:20 ψ 48:14 Pr 27:23 Je 31:21 אֶל Jb 7:17. d. memory †השׁיב אל לב call to mind Is 44:19 La 3:21; על לב Is 46:8; †עלה על לב come into mind (occur to one) Is 65:17 Je 3:16; 7:31; 19:5; 32:35 (cf. Acts 7:23), so בא על לב 2 Ch 7:11; †שׂם על לב lay to heart Is 42:25; 47:7; 57:1, 11 Je 12:11 Mal 2:2⁽⁾ Dn 1:8; אל לב 2 S 13:33; 19:20 כתב על לב Je 31:33; קשׁר על לב Pr 6:21; † לוּחַ לֵב tablet of the memory Pr 3:3; 7:3 Je 17:1; נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵת מִלֵּב I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind ψ 31:13. 4. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will; †הכין לב set the mind 2 Ch 12:14 ψ 10:17; 78:8 Jb 11:13; †נכון לב ψ 57:8⁽⁾ ( = 108:2) 78:37; 112:7; †נתן לב לְ Ec 1:13, 17; 7:21; 8:9, 16 Pr 23:26 Dn 10:12; † נתן אל לב Ec 7:2; 9:1; Ne 2:12; 7:5 differ from Ec 7:2; 9:1 (the ‘heart’ here not being the subject’s). בלב Ex 35:34 (P) Ezr 7:27 Ec 3:11; †אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ whose heart stirred him up Ex 35:21; 36:2 cf. 35:26 (all P); †נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Ex 35:5, 22 (P) 2 Ch 29:31 cf. Ex 25:2; 35:29 (P): †אחרי נטה לב inclined to follow Ju 9:3 ψ 119:112 Pr 2:2; †הטה לב 1 K 11:3 ψ 119:36; 141:4 cf. 2 S 15:13:—גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵב great resolves of heart Ju 5:15 etc. 5. spec. ref. to conscience, וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֹ and David’s heart (conscience) smote him 1 S 24:6; מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב offence of conscience 1 S 25:31; cf. Ec 7:22. 6. spec. ref. to moral character, God tries the heart ψ 17:3 Je 12:3; sees the heart and reins Je 20:12, tries them ψ 7:10 Je 11:20, refines them ψ 26:2; searches the heart and tries the reins Je 17:10. a. ישֶׁר־לִבִּי Jb 33:3; †יִשְׁרֵי לֵב ψ 7:11; 11:2; 32:11; 36:11; 64:11 (all c. דָּוִד in title), 94:15; 97:11; †לֵב שָׁלֵם 1 Ch 28:9; 29:9 Is 38:3 (all originally לבב, see לבב 6 a); נִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב broken of heart ψ 34:19 Is 61:1; לֵב־נִשְׁבָּר ψ 51:19; שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב ψ 147:3; לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15; לֵב טָהוֹר clean heart ψ 51:12; †לֵב חָדָשׁ new heart Ez 18:31; 36:26 (prob. also 11:19 for אֶהָד see Co) etc. b. לֵב רָע evil heart Pr 26:23; חַנְפֵי־לֵב godless in heart Jb 36:13; עקּשׁ(י) לב perverse in heart Pr 11:20; 17:20; †תַּרְמִת לִבָּם deceit of their heart Je 14:14; 23:26; בלב ולב with a double heart ψ 12:3 etc. c. seat of pride Pr 21:4 Je 48:29; 49:16 Ho 13:6 Ob 3 גְּבַהּ־לֵב Pr 16:5; גֹּבַהּ לב 2 Ch 32:26; †גָּבַהּ לֵב 2 Ch 17:6; 26:16; 32:25 ψ 131:1 Pr 18:12 Ez 28:2, 17. d. the heart is uncircumcised Je 9:25 Ez 44:7, 9 and hardened: † חזּק לב Ex 4:21; 10:20, 27 (E), 9:12; 11:10; 14:4, 8, 17 (P), Jos 11:20 (D?); †יֶהֱזַק לֵב Ex 7:13, 22; 8:15; 9:35 (P); חִזְּקֵי־לֵב Ez 2:4; † הקשׁה לב Ex 7:3 (P) Pr 28:14; קְשֵׁי־לֵב Ez 3:7; הכביד לב Ex 8:11, 28; 9:34; 10:1 (J); כָּבֵד לב Ex 7:14; 9:7 (J); כּבּד לב 1 S 6:6; הַשְׁמֵן לֵב־הָעָם הַזֶה make the heart of this people fat Is 6:10 (?); † שְׁרִ(י)רוּת לֵב Dt 29:18 ψ 81:13 after Je 3:17; 7:24; 9:13; 11:8; 13:10; 16:12; 18:12; 23:17; †לב האבן the heart of stone Ez 11:19; 36:26 etc. 7. for the man himself, † אמר בלב Gn 17:17 (P), 27:41 (JE), 1 K 12:26 Est 6:6 ψ 10:6, 11, 13; 14:1 ( = 53:2) 35:25; 74:8 Ec 2:1, 15; 3:17, 18 Is 47:10 Ob 3 Zc 12:5; אֶל־לב Gn 8:21 (J) 1 S 27:1; † דבּר בלב Ec 2:15; אֶל־לב Gn 24:45 (J); עַל לב 1 S 1:13 (?); עִם לב Ec 1:16; נְאֻם־פֶּשַׁע לָרָשָׁע בְּקֶרֶב לִבִּי ψ 36:2. 8. as seat of appetites, סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Gn 18:5 (J) Ju 19:5 ψ 104:15. 9. as seat of the emotions and passions: a. of joy and gladness, in various combinations of †טוב, Ju 16:25; 18:20; 19:6, 22 Ru 3:7 1 S 25:36 2 S 13:28 1 K 8:66 ( = 2 Ch 7:10) 21:7 Est 1:10; 5:9 Pr 15:15 Ec 7:3; 9:7; 11:9 Is 65:14; various combinations of † שׂמח, Ex 4:14 (J) 1 Ch 16:10 ( = ψ 105:3) ψ 4:8; 16:9; 19:9; 33:21 Pr 15:13, 30; 17:22; 27:9, 11 Ec 2:10⁽⁾; 5:19 Ct 3:11 Is 24:7 Zc 10:7; שׂושׂ ψ 119:111 Is 66:14 La 5:15; עלץ 1 S 2:1; עלז ψ 28:7 Zp 3:14; רנן Jb 29:13; גיל ψ 13:6 Pr 24:17 Zc 10:7; of desire, ψ 21:3; 37:4; † דבּר עַל לֵב speak unto the heart (kindly) Gn 34:3; 50:21 (JE) Ju 19:3 2 S 19:8 2 Ch 30:22 Is 40:2 Ho 2:16 Ru 2:13. b. of trouble 2 K 6:11 Is 65:14, sorrow Ne 2:2 Pr 14:13, pain ψ 55:5, vexation Ec 11:10, trembling Dt 28:65 (?) 1 S 28:5, faintness La 5:17; it is wounded ψ 109:22, dies within one out of fear 1 S 25:37 etc.; † לב נמס the heart melteth (in fear) 2 S 17:10 ψ 22:15 Ez 21:12 Na 2:11. † 10. seat of courage: יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage ψ 27:14; אַמִּיץ לִבּוֹ Am 2:16; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted ψ 76:6 Is 46:12; לִבּוֹ יָצוּק כְּמוֹ־אֶבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Jb 41:16; לִבּוֹ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion 2 S 17:10; cf. אֶת־לִבּוֹ מָצָא 2 S 7:27, מְלָאוֹ לְ׳ Est 7:5 (cf. Ec 8:11).

†[לִבָּה S TWOT GK] sf. לִבָּתֵךְ Assyrian libbātu anger in לִבָּתֵךְ אֲמֻלָה < אִמָּלֵא ל׳ ‘I am filled with anger against thee’ Baneth ^{xxii 58} Ez 16:30.

לֵב קָמָי S^, GK < קַמְבֻּלָּי people of Gambulai Sarowsky ^{1912, 150–1} Je 51:1.

†i. [לבב] vb. denom. Niph. Impf. יִלָּבֵב get a mind; וְאִישׁ נָבוּב יִלָּבֵב וְעַיִר פֶּרֶא אָדָם יִוָּלֵד shall an empty man get a mind or a wild ass’s colt be born a man? Jb 11:12. Pi. encourage; Pf. לִבַּבְתִּנִי … לִבַּבְתִּנִי בְּאַחַד֯ מֵעֵינַיִךְ Ct 4:9⁽⁾ thou hast encouraged me, thou hast encouraged me with one of thine eyes Ew Gi Gr RVm (AV RV Ges Hi De Öt (cf. 5:6) ravished my heart,—Pi. priv. Ges ^{52 h}).

†[לְבִבָה S TWOT GK] n.pl. cakes (prob. pancakes, from shape?) לְבִבוֹת 2 S 13:6, 8, 10.

†ii. [לבב] vb. denom. Pi. make cakes. Impf. תְּלַבֵּב 2 S 13:6, 8.

לְבַד alone v. בַּד sub בדד p. 94 supr.

[לַבָה], לַבַּת Ex 3:2 v. לֶהָבָה sub להב.

[לָבַט S TWOT GK] vb. thrust down, out, or away (NH id.; Arabic لَبَطَ (labaṭa) strike the ground with a person, i.e. throw one down; Syriac Pa. ܠܰܒܶܛ (labeṭ) incitavit, stimulavit);—only Niph. Impf. be thrust down, away, i.e. ruined; עָם לֹא יָבִין יִלָּבֵט Ho 4:14; אֱוִיל שְׂפָתַיִם יִלָּבֵט Pr 10:8, 10.

לְבִי S TWOT^{, ,} GK, לָבִיא S TWOT^, GK^, , לְבִיָּא S TWOT GK v. sub לבא.

לֻבִים v. לוּבִים.

†[לָבֵן S TWOT GK] vb. be white (on—ֵ v. Ba ¹⁶⁶; v. Lag ^{33, 53, 54} infers לָבֹן from לִבֹנָה; NH id., Pi. Hiph., and deriv.; Ph. לבן white; Arabic لَبَنٌ (labanun) milk; لبن (lbn) also be white, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan ^{xxvii, 1873, 247}; appar. √ of foll. fourteen words, but this dub. especially in case of ii. iii. לָבָן, לְבָנָא, לִבְנָה, ii. לְבוֹנָה, i. ii. לִבְנִי);—Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הִלְבִּינוּ Jo 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אַלְבִּין ψ 51:9; 3 pl. יַלְבִּינוּ Is 1:18; Inf. cstr. וְלַלְבֵּן ( = וּלְהַלְבֵּן) Dn 11:35;— 1. make white = purify (ethical) Dn 11:35 (no object expr., || עָרַף, בָּרֵר). 2. shew whiteness, grow white, of fig-tree, stripped by locusts, Jo 1:7; fig. of moral purity, כַּשֶּׁלֶג יַלְב׳ Is 1:18; מִשֶּׁלֶגּ אַלְב׳ ψ 51:9. Hithp. Impf. יִתְלַבְּנוּ Dn 12:10 be purified (ethical, || יִתְבָּֽרֲרוּ)—לָבַן, make brick, v. infr.

†i. לָבָן S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} adj. white;—ל׳ abs. Gn 30:35 + 13 times; cstr. לְבֶן־ Gn 49:12 (cf. Ges ^{93, 2, R. 1} Kö ^{Lgb ii, 74} Ba ¹⁶⁶); f. לְבָנָה Lv 13:4 + 6 times; pl. לְבָנִים Zc 1:8 + 3 times; לְבָנוֹת Gn 30:37 + 2 times;—white, of wood under bark Gn 30:37⁽⁾ (cf. Jo 1:7); of spots on goats v 35 (all J); of manna Ex 16:31 (P); garments Ec 9:8 (sign of cheerfulness and joy); of teeth וּלְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵחָלָב Gn 49:12 (poem in J; || הַכְלִילִי עֵינַיִם מִיָּ֑יִן) of Judah (on interpr. v. Di and, differently, Marc. Jastr ^{xi. (1892), 128)}; of horses Zc 1:8; 6:3, 6 (in vision); chfly. of diseased skin or flesh on body (בַּהֶרֶת Lv 13:4, 19, 24, 25, 26, 28) Lv 13:4, 10, 13, 16, 17, 19, 24, 38; and of hair on such spots 13:3, 4, 10, 20, 21, 25, 26; + אֲדַמְדֶּ֫מֶת 13:19, 24, 43, cf. v 42; + כֵּהָה v 39 (all P).

†i. לְבָנָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. moon, poet. (NH id.);—ל׳ Is 24:23 + 2 times; shall pale before י׳ Is 24:23 (|| חַמָּה); shall become like sun (חַמָה) in day of י׳’s redemption 30:26 (אוֹר הַלְּ׳); sim. of woman’s beauty, יָפָה כַלְּ׳ Ct 6:10 (|| חַמָה).

ii. לָבָן S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} ₅₄ n.pr.m. son of Bethuel, brother of Rebekah, and father-in-law of Jacob (G Λαβαν), Gn 24:29⁽⁾, 50; 27:43; 28:2, 5 + 17 times J (Gn 29, 30, 31, 32); 29:15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 26 + 18 times E (Gn 31, 32, ל׳ הָאֲרַמִּי 31:24); 25:20 (ל׳ הָאֲרַמִּי) 28:5 (id.), also 28:2; 29:24, 29; 46:18, 25 (all P).

†iii. לָבָן S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.loc., connected with desert-journey of Israelites Dt 1:1, G Λοβον; poss. = לִבְנָה 2, q.v.

†לְבָנָא Ne 7:48 = ii. לְבָנָה Ezr 2:45;—head of a family of returning exiles, G Λαβανα, Λαβανω, GL Λοβνα.

†לִבְנָה S GK n.pr.loc. 1. city in SW. Judah, exact site unknown, captured by Joshua, according to D, Jos 10:29⁽⁾, 31, 32, 39; 12:15 (all D), 15:42 (P); Levit. city 21:13 (P) = 1 Ch 6:42; further 2 K 8:22 = 2 Ch 21:10, 2 K 19:8 = Is 37:8, 2 K 23:31; 24:18 = Je 52:1; G Λεβνα. Vid. Lag ^{247, 135, 26; 2nd ed. 273} Λεβνα; Buhl ¹⁹³. 2. station of Isr. in wilderness, between רִמֹּן פָּ֑רֶץ and רִסָּה Nu 33:20, 21 (perhaps = לָבָן Dt 1:1); G Λεμωνα, A GL Λεβωνα.

†i. לְבֹנָה S TWOT GK^, , לְבוֹנָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. frankincense (from white colour, cf. Lag ³³; NH id.; Aramaic id., לְבוּנְתָּא, ܠܒܽܘܢܬܳܐ (lbunto); Ph. לבנת; Arabic لُبَانٌ (lubānun) (Lane ³⁰⁰⁷); Ethiopic ሊባኖስ (libānos) is from λιβανος);—ל׳ Ex 30:24 + 18 times; לְבֹנָתָהּ Lv 2:2, 16;—used in prep. of holy incense Ex 30:34 (|| סַמִּים); used as incense Je 6:20, on meal-offering Lv 2:1, 2, 15, 16; 6:8, cf. 5:11 Nu 5:15; also Je 17:26; 41:5 Is 43:23; 66:3; with shew-bread Lv 24:7; Ne 13:5, 9 1 Ch 9:29 (|| בְּשָׂמִים); burned as perfume (art. of luxury) Ct 3:6 (|| מֹר); גִּבְעַת חַלְּבוֹנָה 4:6 (|| הַר הַמּוֹר); עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה v 14 (|| נֵרְדְּ, כַּרְכֹּם, קָנֶה, קִנָּמוֹן, מֹר, אֲהָלוֹת); as tribute to Zion Is 60:6 (|| זהב).—In Hex only P.

†ii. לְבוֹנָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc., by which, among other places, loc. of Shiloh is fixed Ju 21:19, G Λεβωνα; mod. Lubban, c. 3 m. WNW. from Shiloh (Seilûn), Rob ^{ii. 271 f.} Guérin ^{ii, 164 f.} Bd ²¹⁷ Buhl ¹⁷⁵.

†i. לִבְנִי S^, GK^, n.pr.m. a Levite, son of Gershom, Ex 6:17 Nu 3:18 1 Ch 6:2, 5, 14 (G Λοβεν[ε]ι).

†ii. לִבְנִי S^, GK^, adj.gent. of foregoing, always c. art. הַלּ׳ as subst. coll., Nu 3:21; 26:58.

†לְבָנוֹן S TWOT GK (Dt 3:25 הַלְּבָנֹן Van d. H.)₇₁ n.pr.mont. Lebanon (Ph. לבנן; Assyrian Labnanu, etc., Schr on 1 K 5:13, Dl^{. 103 ff.}; Egyptian Ra-m^a n-n WMM^{Asien u. Europa, 197 ff.}; Arabic لُبْنَانٌ (lubnānun); cf. further Rob ^{ii, 435 ff. 493} GASm ^{45 ff.} Buhl ¹¹⁰ and reff.; name prob. from whiteness of its cliffs Rob ^{ii, 493})—wooded mountain-range on northern border of Isr. [usually c. art. הַלּ׳ (51 times); without art. לְבָנוֹן, poet. and late Ho 14:8 Na 1:4 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24, Ez 31:15, 16 Is 14:8; 29:17; 33:9; 40:16 Je 18:14 Hb 2:17 Zc 10:10; 11:1 ψ 29:6 Ct 4:8⁽⁾, 11, 15; c. ה loc. לְבָב֫וֹנָה 1 K 5:28a]; perhaps first mentioned in defining a locality, as הַר הַלְּבָנוֹן, Ju 3:3 (E according to GFM; this combination only here), but also in early proph., then in D, and later;—in defining a locality Jos 9:1; בִּקְעַת הַלּ׳ Jos 11:17; 12:7 (side of Baal Gad); as a marked feature, in describing extent of land Dt 1:7; 3:25; 11:24 Jos 1:4; 13:5 (בָּל־הַלּ׳) v 6 (all D), 1 K 9:19 = 2 Ch 8:6, Je 22:20 Zc 10:10; רֹאשׁ הַלּ׳ Je 22:6 (fig. of royal house of Judah), as a height Ct 4:8⁽⁾; מִגְדַּל הַלּ׳ Ct 7:5 i.e. a tower built on Lebanon; שֶׁלֶגּ ל׳ Je 18:14 snow of L.; L. as source of streams Ct 4:15; יֵין ל׳ Ho 14:8; most often, however, as bearing forests, especially of cedars, אַרְזֵי הַלּ׳ Ju 9:15 (in allegory; perhaps J, according to GFM), Is 2:13; 14:8 ψ 29:5; 104:16, cf. 1 K 5:13, 20, 23, 28⁽⁾ 2 Ch 2:7⁽⁾, 15, 2 K 14:9⁽⁾ = 2 Ch 25:18⁽⁾ (in allegory), Je 22:23 Ez 17:3; 27:5; 31:3, 15, 16 Zc 11:1 Ezr 3:7 ψ 92:13 Ct 3:9; 5:15 (sim. of majestic figure); פֶּרַח ל׳ Na 1:4; כְּבוֹד הַלּ׳ Is 35:2; 60:13; וְשָׁב ל׳ לְכַרְמֶל 29:17 (|| יַעַר); יַרְכְּתֵי ל׳ with the same ref. Is 37:24 = 2 K 19:23; הַלּ׳ = trees of Lebanon Ho 14:6 Is 10:34; 40:16 ψ 29:6; 72:16; ל׳ Is 33:9 fig., as mourning; חֲמַס ל׳ Hb 2:17 i.e. violence done to Lebanon, prob. by cutting down its trees; בֵּית יַעַר הַלּ׳ a royal mansion of Sol., 1 K 7:2 and 10:17, 21 = 2 Ch 9:16, 20; ל׳ as home of wild beast 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18 (in allegory); רֵיחַ לְבָנוֹן, of the odour of cedar forests Ct 4:11, cf. Ho 14:7 (in sim.; We thinks ל׳ here to be a specific plant).

†לִבְנֶה S TWOT GK n.[m.] poplar (appar. = Arabic لُبْنَى (lubnā) named from exuding milky (white) gum De Ges al.; Ethiopic ልብን (ləbn) styrax officinalis; but G λεύκη, cf. S and Löw ¹⁰⁷);—Gn 30:37 מַקַּל ל׳ לַח וְלוּז וְעַרְמוֹן; as marking places of idolatrous incense-burning מַּחַת אַלּוֹן וְלִבְנֶה וְאֵלָה Ho 4:13.

†לְבֵנָה S^, TWOT GK n.f. brick, tile (NH id.; Aramaic לְבִינְתָּא, ܠܒܶܢ݈ܬܳܐ (lbeto); Zinj. לבן (?) DHM ^{37. 59}; Assyrian libittu; Arabic لَبْنٌ, لَبِنٌ, لَبِنٌ, لِبْنَةٌ, لَبِنَةٌ (labnun, labinun, labinun, libnatun, labinatun) (loan-words according to Frä^{4 f.}); according to Thes and most from whiteness of clay, or light colour of sun-baked bricks; so Nö ^{xl, 1886, 735} Lag ¹³⁹; >others regard as Assyrian loan-word VOJ ^{i, 22 ff.}; in Assyrian a deriv. from labânu, throw down, prostrate, is sought Dl ^{93f. ( 369});—ל׳ Gn 11:3 Ez 4:1; cstr. לִבְנַת Ex 24:10; pl. לְבֵנִים Gn 11:3 + 7 times; sf. מִלִּבְנֵיכֶם Ex 5:19;— 1. brick, as building-material, Gn 11:3 (sg. coll.; elsewhere pl.) v 3; Ex 1:14; straw used in making Ex 5:7, cf. v 8, 16, 18, 19; Is 9:9 (fig.; as inferior to גָּזִית hewn stone); incense burnt on Is 65:3 ( = roof-tiles? cf. Che Di). 2. = tile, on which plan of city could be engraved (חקק) Ez 4:1. 3. = pavement, Ex 24:10 (cf. Di).

†[לָבַן S TWOT GK^, ] vb.denom. make brick (as Assyrian labânu from libittu Dl ³⁷⁰);—Qal Impf. 1 pl. נִלְבְּנָה Gn 11:3 (c. acc. cogn.); Inf. cstr. לִלְבֹּן Ex 5:7 (c. acc. cogn.), v 14 (abs.)

†מַלִבֵּן n.[m.] 1. brick-mould; 2. quadrangle (on meaning brick-mould, and fig. something rectangular, v. Hoffm ^{1882, 53–72} Dr 2 S 12:31, cf. NH מַלְבֵּן; Arabic مِلْبَنٌ (milbanun); Syriac ܡܰܠܒܢܳܐ (malbno);)— 1. brick-mould, 2 S 12:31 Qr (Kt, by error, מלכן), Na 3:14. 2. quadrangle, Je 43:9 (at Tahpanhes).

לַבֵּן in עַל־מוּת ל׳ ψ 9:1 dubious meaning, v. Thes Bae ^{Psalmen, p. xvii}.

לִבְנָ֑ת S GK, v. שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנָ֑ת.

†לָבֵשׁ S TWOT GK, לָבַשׁ S TWOT GK vb. put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed (NH id.; Aramaic לִבֵישׁ ܠܒܶܫ (lbeš); Assyrian labâšu; Arabic لَبِسَ (labisa); Ethiopic ለብሰ (labsa)); Qal Pf. 3 m.s. לָבֵ֣שׁ, לָ֫בֵ֥שׁ ψ 93:1; לָ֮בַ֤שׁ Jb 7:5 + 2 times; וְלָבַשׁ (cons. Lv 6:3 + 3 times; sf. וּלְבֵשָׁם (cons.) Lv 16:4; 3 fs. לָֽבְשָׁה Ju 6:34 + 2 times, etc. (Ez 42:14 read prob. וְלָֽבְשׁוּ Qr, for ילבשׁו Kt, but cl. perhaps interpol., v. Co); Impf. 3 ms. יִלְבַּשׁ Dt 22:5 +; sf. וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁנִי Jb 29:14, יִלְבָּשָׁם Ex 29:30; 1 s. sf. אֶלְבָּשֶׁ֑נָּה Ct 5:3; 3 fpl. תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ 2 S 13:18, etc.; Imv. ms. לְבַשׁ 1 K 22:30, etc.; Inf. abs. לָבוֹשׁ Hg 1:6; cstr. לִלְבֹּשׁ Gn 28:20 Lv 21:10; Pt. act. pl. הַלֹּבְשִׁים Zp 1:8; pass. abs. לָבוּשׁ 1 S 17:5 Dn 10:5; לָבֻשׁ Ez 9:2 + 3 times; cstr. לְבוּשׁ Dn 12:6, 7, לְבֻשׁ Ez 9:11 + 3 times; pl. cstr. לְבֻשֵׁי Ez 23:6 + 2 times;—a. lit. put on (one’s own) garment (acc.) Gn 38:19 1 S 28:8 2 S 14:2 1 K 22:30 = 2 Ch 18:29, Ex 29:30 Lv 6:3, 4; 16:4⁽⁾, 23, 24, 32; 21:10 Dt 22:5 Ez 44:17, 19, and so 42:14 Qr (v. supr.), Jon 3:5 Ct 5:3 Est 4:1; 5:1; c. acc. garment + עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ Lv 16:3; of putting on armour Je 46:4; = wear (more or less habitually), c. acc. of garment, Is 4:1 Dt 22:11 Zp 1:8 Zc 13:4; of Jerus. under fig. of woman Je 4:30, of rulers under fig. of shepherds Ez 34:3, cf. כֵּן תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ 2 S 13:18 (no acc.) b. very often fig., put on, be clothed with, c. acc. of garment;—לָבַשׁ בְּשָׂרִי רִמָּה Jb 7:5 my flesh is clothed (i.e. covered) with worms; of Jerus., be clothed with inhabitants Is 49:18; of pasture, with flocks ψ 65:14; more often the garment is some abstract quality, e.g. righteousness, majesty, beauty, strength, etc.;—וַיִּלְבַּשׁ צְדָקָה כַּשִּׁרְיָן Is 59:17 he (י׳) hath put on righteousness as a breastplate, cf. v 17 (vengeance), ψ 93:1 (majesty), v 1 (strength), 104:1 (honour and majesty), Is 51:9 (strength); also Jb 40:10; said of men, 2 Ch 6:41 (salvation), ψ 132:9 (righteousness), Jb 29:14 (id.); of Zion Is 52:1⁽⁾; also in bad sense, clothed with terror, trembling, shame, etc., Ez 7:27; 26:16 Jb 8:22 ψ 35:26; 109:29, cf. v 18 (cursing). c. lit. put on, obj. om., נָתַן … בֶּגֶד לִלְבֹּשׁ Gn 28:20 Jb 27:17; Inf. abs. לָבוֹשׁ Hg 1:6 (there is) a clothing, but he has nothing for warmth. d. once c. בְּ, לְבוּשׁ … אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ בּוֹ Est 6:8. e. Pt. pass., clothed with, chiefly Ezek.;—c. acc. of garment, Ez 9:2, 3 Zc 3:3 Pr 31:21 Dn 10:5; of wearing armour 1 S 17:5; cstr. before garment, לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים Ez 9:11; 10:2, 6, 7, cf. 23:6, 12; 38:4 Dn 12:6, 7. f. fig.:—וְרוּחַ י׳ לָֽגְשָׁה אֶת־גִּדְע֑וֹן Ju 6:34 and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon, i.e. (GFM) took possession of him (cf. ܠܒܺܝܫ (lbiš) possessed); so 1 Ch 12:18; 2 Ch 24:20; צֶדֶק לָבַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁנִי Jb 29:14 and it clothed itself in me, as it were, became incarnate in me. Pu. only Pt. pl. מְלֻבָּשִׁים arrayed, c. acc. of garment 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, 2 Ch 5:12; abs. in full apparel Ezr 3:10. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הִלְבִּישַׁנִי Is 61:10; 3 fs. הִלְבִּישָׁה Gn 27:16; 2 ms. וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֫ Ex 28:41 + 3 times; sf. וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּם (consec.) Ex 29:8 Nu 20:26; 1 s. sf. וְהִלְבַּשְׁתִּיו Is 22:21; 3 pl. הִלְבִּישׁוּ 2 Ch 28:15, וְהִלְבִּשׁוּ (consec.) Est 6:9; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּלְבֵּשׁ Gn 41:42 + 5 times; sf. וַיַּלְבִּשֵׁם Gn 3:21 Lv 8:13; 3 fs. תַּלְבִּישׁ Pr 23:21, etc.; Inf. abs. הַלְבֵּשׁ Zc 3:4; cstr. הַלְבִּישׁ Est 4:4; Pt. sf. הַמַּלְבִּֽשְׁכֶּם 1 S 1:24;—clothe, array with. 1. usually c. 2 acc., a. lit. וַיּלְבֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ בִּגְדֵי־שֵׁשׁ Gn 41:42 2 S 1:24 Is 22:21 Ex 28:41; 29:5, 8; 40:13, 14 Lv 8:7, 13 Nu 20:26, 28 Zc 3:4, 5; of clothing Jerus. under fig. of infant Ez 16:10; of putting armour on some one 1 S 17:38⁽⁾. b. fig., Jb 10:11 thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh; cf. 39:19 (quivering of horse’s neck); Is 50:3; 61:10 ψ 132:16, 18. 2. c. acc. garment only, Gn 27:16 ( + עַל־יָדָיו); fig., Pr 23:21. 3. c. acc. pers. only Gn 3:21; 27:15 2 Ch 28:15⁽⁾ Est 4:4; 6:9, 11.

†לְבוּשׁ S^, TWOT^, GK^, , לְבֻשׁ n.m. Jb 30:18 garment, clothing, raiment (on format. cf. Ges ^{84 a, 12} Lag ^{64, 179});—לְבוּשׁ abs. 2 K 10:22 + 9 times; cstr. לְבוּשׁ Est 4:2 + 2 times, לְבֻשׁ Is 14:19; sf. לְבוּשִׁי Jb 30:18 + 3 times; לְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ Is 63:2 Pr 27:26; לְבוּשׁוּ Is 63:1 Jb 41:5, לְבֻשׁוֹ 2 S 20:8 + 2 times; לְבוּשָׁהּ ψ 45:14 + 2 times; לְבוּשְׁכֶן 2 S 1:24; לְבוּשָׁם Je 10:9; pl. sf. לְבֻשֵׁיהֶם La 4:14;—garment, clothing, Gn 49:11 (poem in J; || סוּתֹה), Jb 24:7 (|| כְּסוּת), v 10; 30:18; 31:19 Pr 27:26 ψ 22:19 La 4:14; of women’s raiment 2 S 1:24 Pr 31:22, also fig. עֹז וְהָדָר לְבוּשָׁהּ v 25; specif. of princess ψ 45:14; of warrior’s tunic 2 S 20:8, cf. Is 63:1, 2 (י׳ as warrior); raiment for worshippers 2 K 10:22; for mourners, לְבוּשִׁי שָׂ֑ק ψ 35:13, cf. 69:12; בִּלְבוּשׁ שָׂק Est 4:2; of royal apparel ל׳ מַלְכוּת Est 6:8; 8:15, cf. (without מ׳) 6:9, 10, 11; scaly coat of crocod. פְּנֵיּ לְבוּשׁוֹ Jb 41:5; cover garment with violence Mal 2:16, fig. of putting away a wife, cf. RS^{, 269} We; in other fig. uses:—as changed ψ 102:27 (sim. of heavens and earth), as covering 104:6 (sim. of deep upon earth); of cloud as garment of sea Jb 38:9, sim. of terrestrial objects in the light v 14.

†מַלְבּוּשׁ S TWOT GK, [מַלְבֻּשׁ] n.m. Zp 1:8 raiment, attire;—abs. 2 K 10:22 + 2 times; sf. מַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ Ez 16:3; pl. sf. מַלְבּוּשַׁי Is 63:3; מַלְבּוּשֵׁיהֶם 2 Ch 9:4⁽⁾, מַלְבֻּשֵׁיהֶם 1 K 10:5;—raiment, 2 K 10:22 (for worshippers, || לְבוּשׁ), Jb 27:16 (as wealth); of Jerus. under fig. of infant Ez 16:13; מַל׳ נָכְרִי Zp 1:8 foreign attire (acc. with לָבַשׁ); pl. of garments of Sol.’s servants 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4 a, + 2 Ch 9 4 b; of י׳ under fig. of warrior Is 63:3.

†תִּלְבֹּ֫שׁת n.f. raiment;—וַיִּלְבַּשׁ בִּגְדֵי נָקָם ת׳ Is 59:17 and he put on garments of vengeance as raiment (of י׳ as champion of Israel).

†לֹג S TWOT GK n.m. Lv 14:10 a liquid measure (NH id.; Aramaic לוּגָּה; also ܠܰܓܳܐ, ܠܰܓܬܳܐ (lago, lagto) a (dessert-)dish, etc.; meaning of √ dub.; Thes comp. Arabic لَجَّ (lajja) be deep, لُجٌّ (lujjun) depth, abyss);—ל׳ abs. Lv 14:10; cstr. v 12 + 3 times Lv 14; always of oil (שֶׁמֶן); Lv 14:10, 12, 15, 21, 24 (P; all in law of purif. of leper); according to Talm = 1/12 hin (v. הִין supr. p. 228; Zuckermann ^{Jüd. Masssystem, 49}) i.e. c. 1/2 litre; Benz ^{182, 184} Now ^{i. 204 f.}

†לֹד S GK n.pr.loc. = Λυδδα, 1 Makk 11:34 Acts 9:32, 35, 38, Lydda, mod. Ludd, c. 11 miles SE. from Jaffa, toward Jerusalem; Rob ^{ii, 244–248} GASm ^{100 ff.} Buhl ¹⁹⁷ 1 Ch 8:12 (ל׳ וּבְנֹתֶיהָ), Ezr 2:33 (בְּנֵי לֹד) = Ne 7:37, cf. 11:35; G Λωδ, Λοδ, Λυδδων, Λυδδα.

†לִרְבִר n.pr.loc. only in גְּבוּל ל׳ Jos 13:26; E. of Jordan, in tribe of Gad; GB Δαιβων, A Δαβειρ, GL Δεβηρ; perhaps = לֹא דְבָר q.v., and cf. ii. דְּבִיר 2 b.

לֵדָה S TWOT GK v. ילד, Inf. cstr.

לֹה v. לֹא.

להב S TWOT GK √ of foll. (cf. Arabic لَهِبَ (lahiba) be thirsty [prob. burn with thirst Lane²⁶⁷⁴], ii. make a fire blaze fiercely, cf. iv; v. blaze fiercely (of fire), cf. viii; Aramaic [להב, ܠܗܒ (lhb)] burn, in Shaph. Ishtaph. and deriv.; also לַהֲבָא, לַהֲבוּתָא flame; Ethiopic ለሀበ (lahaba); Assyrian la˒abu, flame, Dl ³⁶⁴).

†לַ֫הַב S TWOT^, GK n.m. flame, blade;—ל׳ abs. Ju 3:22⁽⁾ + 2 times; cstr. Ju 13:20 + 5 times; pl. לְהָבִים Is 13:8; cstr. לַהֲבֵי Is 66:15;— 1. flame, of altar, Ju 13:20⁽⁾ (ל׳ הַמִּזְבֵּהַ); ל׳ אֵשׁ אוֹכְלָה, of י׳’s judgment Is 29:6; 30:30; 66:15 (in all || forces of nature, whirlwind, thunder, earthquake, rain, hail, etc.); fig. פְּנֵי ל׳ פְּנֵיהֶם Is 13:8 (i.e. hot with excitement, cf. Di); sim. Jo 2:5 בְּקוֹל ל׳ אֵשׁ (of rush of locusts); fig. of breath of crocodile Jb 41:13. 2. of flashing point of spear Jb 39:23; blade of sword Na 3:3; in prose, Ju 3:22⁽⁾.

†לֶהָבָה S TWOT GK n.f. id.;—ל׳ Nu 21:28 + 13 times, לַהֶ֫בֶת cstr. 1 S 17:7 Ez 21:3; לַבַּת Ex 3:2 ( = לַהְבַּת; Sam. להבת, v. Di); pl. לֶהָבוֹת ψ 105:32; cstr. לַהֲבוֹת ψ 29:7;— 1. flame, poet. (|| or + אֵשׁ, except ψ 29:7 Dn 11:33); of fire consuming (לָהַט) Dathan, etc. ψ 106:18 (cf. Nu 16:35); wasting (לָהַט) mts. 83:15; consuming (אָכַל, בָּעֵר) chaff (in sim.) Is 5:24; of lightning (with hail) אשׁ ל׳ ψ 105:32 (cf. Ex 9:24), ψ 29:7 ל׳ אֵשׁ (on text of v. cf. Che); sim. of judgment, אֵשׁ ל׳ La 2:3 (vb. אָכַל) Ho 7:6 (vb. בָּעֵר) Is 47:14 (מִיַּד ל׳); cf. 10:17 Ob 18; ל׳ שַׁלְה׳ Ez 21:3; fig. of drought Jo 1:19, of locusts’ ravages 2:3 (vb. לָהַט in both); of war Nu 21:28 Je 48:45 (both vb. אָכַל); cf. Dn 11:33 (|| חֶרֶב), of calamity Is 43:2; symb. נֹגַהּ אֵשׁ ל׳ of י׳’s presence Is 4:5 (cf. Ex 13:21); לַבַּת אֵשׁ Ex 3:2. 2. point, head of spear 1 S 17:7.

לַבַּת אֵשׁ Ex 3:2 v. לֶהָבָה.

†שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת S TWOT GK n.f. flame (Aramaic שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא, ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ (šalhebito))—in לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Ez 21:3, of judgment; so שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת Jb 15:30; רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Ct 8:6 i.e. Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger ^i.471 Jastrow ^{xiii (1894), 111} expl. ־יָה here as encl. part.)

†לְהָבִים S GK n.pr.gent. Gn 10:13 = 1 Ch 1:11, prob. = לוּבִים q.v.; G Λαβιειμ.

להג TWOT √ of foll. (Arabic لَهِجَ (lahija) be devoted, attached to a thing, apply oneself assiduously to it).

†לַ֫הַג S TWOT GK n.m. (late) study, i.e. devotion to books; ל׳ הַרְבֵּה יְגִעַת בָּשָׂר Ec 12:12 (cf. Now).

†לָ֑הַד S GK n.pr.m. son of יַ֫חַת of Judah 1 Ch 4:2, G Λααθ, GL Λααδ (etym. and meaning unknown).

†[לָהָה S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. languish, faint ( = לָאָה) (T לְהִי, id.);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. apoc. וַתֵּ֫לַהּ אֶרֶץ Gn 47:13 (of famine).

[לִחְלֵהַּ] vb.quadril. smaze, startle (cf. Syriac Palp. ܠܰܗܠܶܗ (lahleh) confudit, obstupefecit; Ethpalp. stupore percussus est; ܠܽܘܗܠܳܗܳܐ (luhloho) consternatio, all in Lexx., PS¹⁸⁹¹)—Hithpalp. Pt. מִתְלַהְלֵהַּ as subst. = madman, sq. הַיֹּרֶה זִקִּים Pr 26:18 (v. Now).

†[לָהַט S TWOT GK^, ] vb. blaze up, flame (NH id.; Syriac ܠܗܶܛ (lheṭ); Assyrian la˒âṭu, in der. forms);—Qal Pt. act. אֵשׁ לֹהֵט ψ 104:4 a flaming fire (so Bae; אֵשׁ וָלַהַט Bi Che, cf. Ol), made into י׳’s servants; pl. לֹהֲטִים 57:5 (fig. of enemies, cf. לְבָאִם v a). Pi. Pf. ms. וְלִהַט Mal 3:19; 3 fs. לִהּטָה Jo 1:19; Impf. 3 fs. תְּלַהֵט Jo 2:3 + 4 times; וַתְּלַהֵט Dt 32:22; sf. וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ Is 42:25;—set ablaze, usually c. acc.;—foundation of mts., Dt 32:22 (subj. אֵשׁ, fig. of י׳’s judgment, || קָדַח, יָקַד, אָכַל), cf. תְּל׳ הָרִים ψ 83:15 (in sim., subj. לֶהָבָה; || כְּאֵשׁ תִּבְעַר־יָ֑עַר); of flame (לֶהָבָה) consuming trees Jo 1:19 (of effects of drought; || אֵשׁ אָֽכְלָה); persons Mal 3:19 (subj. הַיּוֹם הַבָּא; || בָּעַר); cf. ψ 97:3 (subj. אֵשׁ), 106:18 (subj. לֶהָבָה; || וַתִּבְעַר־אֵשׁ); hyperb. of י׳’s wrath (חֵמָה אַפּוֹ וֶעֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה) consuming Jacob Is 42:25; of crocodile (hyperb.), נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵ֑ט Jb 41:13 his breath setteth coals ablaze; abs. Jo 2:3, fig. of devastation by locusts (subj. לֶהָבָה; || אָֽכְלָה אֵשׁ).

†לַ֫הַט S TWOT GK n.[m.] flame;—only cstr. לַהַט הַחֶרֶב הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת Gn 3:24 the flame of the whirling sword.

לְהָטִים S TWOT GK v. לוּט.

†[לָהַם S TWOT GK] vb. swallow greedily (= Arabic لَهِمَ (lahima); Di^{Lex. Ethiopic 25} comp. Ethiopic ላህም (lāhm) ox, cow);—only Hithp. Pt. מִתְלַהֲמִים Pr 18:8 i.e. bits greedily swallowed, dainties, = 26:22, sim. of tale-bearer’s words.

†לָהֵן S^, TWOT^, GK^, conj. on this account, therefore, Ru 1:13⁽⁾ (either from לְ and הֵן (v. sub הֵ֫מָּה); or the Aramaic לָהֵן Dn 2:6, 9; 4:24: see the Aramaic Lex.)

†[לַהֲקָה S TWOT GK] n.f. dub.; according to GST Aq Symm band, company (perhaps by transp. from קְהִלָּה, cf. Thes (קַהֲלָה) The Klo Bu; v. also HPS).—לַהֲקַת הַנְּבִיאִים 1 S 19:20.

לוֹ (Kt 1 S 2:16; 20:2), לוֹא, v. לֹא.

†לוּ S TWOT GK₁₇ and לוּא (†1 S 14:30 Is 48:18; 63:19), also לֻא (Qr לוּ), †2 S 18:12; 19:7 (Arabic لَوْ (law), Aramaic ܠܘܰܝ (lway), לְוַי, Mishn. לְוַי, Assyrian lû, with opt. force, Dl^{§ 78 end, 93, 145}; cf. Kö^{. 333}), conj. if, O that:— 1. if (stating a case which has not been, or is not likely to be, realized): a. sq. pf. (so mostly), Dt 32:29 לו חכמו ישׂכילו זאת if they had been wise (which they are not), they would understand this; Mi 2:11 (apod. וְהָיָה); Ju 8:19; 13:23 לו חפץ י׳ להמיתנו לא לקח if J. had desired to slay us, he would not have taken, &c.; 1 S 14:30 2 S 19:7. b. sq. impf. Ez 14:15 if I were to send, &c. (but read prob. אוֹ, cf. v 17, 19). c. sq. ptcp., 2 S 18:12 וְלֻא אָנֹכִי שֹׁקֵל and though I should be weighing 1000 pieces of silver upon my hand, I would not, &c.; ψ 81:14—17 לו עמי שֹׁמֵעַ לי if my people were hearkening to me, … quickly would I bow down, &c. d. sq. יֵשׁ Job 16:4.—With the apod. omitted, Gn 50:15 לוּ יִשְׁמְמֵנוּ if Joseph were to hate us (how should we fare then?).

2. If only …! i.e. O that! would that! (cf. εἰ γάρ, εἴθε) usually sq. perf., as Nu 14:2⁽⁾ לוּ מַתְנוּ if only we had died in the land of Egypt! 20:3 Jos 7:7 וְלוּ הוֹאַלְנוּ וַנֵּשֶׁב Is 48:18; 63:19; sq. יֵשׁ Nu 22:29; sq. impf. Gn 17:18 לו יחיה O that Ishmael might live before thee! Jb 6:2; sq. juss. Gn 30:34 לו יהי כדברך; sq. imv. 23:13 אם אתה לוּ שׁמעני if thou—O that thou wouldst her me! ( + prob. v 5 לאמר ׃ לוּ שׁמעני for לאמר לוֹ ׃ שׁ׳, and similarly v 15).—Read also prob. לֻא for Mas. לֹא Ju 21:22 (with כִּי עַתָּה for כָּעֵת), 1 S 13:13; 20:14⁽⁾ Jb 9:33 (sq. יֵשׁ); and perhaps 14:4 (Ew Kö).

†לוּלֵא S TWOT GK Gn 43:10 Ju 14:18 2 S 2:27 ψ 27:13, elsewhere לוּלֵי₁₀ if not, unless (from לוּ if, and לֵא, by dissim. (Kö ^{236, 489}) for לֹא not; cf. Arabic لَوْلَا (lawlā)), the neg. of לוּ, and used similarly:—a. sq. pf., Ju 14:18 לולא חרשׁתם … לא מצאתם unless ye had ploughed with my heifer, ye would not have found out my riddle, 1 S 25:34 (second כי resumptive: כִּי 1 d), ψ 106:23; with apod. introd. by כִּי עַתָּה Gn 31:42; 43:10; by אָז 2 S 2:27 (כי resumptive); by כִּמְעַט Is 1:9; with an aposiop. ψ 27:13 if I had not believed …! b. sq. impf. Dt 32:27 אמרתי … לולי אגור I should have said, &c. … except I dreaded, &c. c. sq. ptcp., 2 K 3:14. d. without a verb, ψ 94:17 (apod. כמעט), 119:92 (apod. אָז). In the later language, ψ 124:1, 2 לוּלֵי י׳ שֶׁ- (apod. אֲזַי) except that … (cf. Aramaic ܕ (d)? … ܐܶܠܽܘ ܠܴܐ (˒elu lo) ψ 106:23, אִילּוּלֵי … דִּי ψ 27:13 T).—Read also לוּלֵי for אוּלַי in Nu 22:33 (apod. כִּי עַתָּה). See further on לוּ and לוּלֵא Dr^{§ 139–145} Kö^{. 487 f. 565}.

†לְמוֹ poet. for לְ, Job 27:14; 29:21; 38:40; 40:4, like כְּמוֹ for ךְּ, בְּמוֹ for בְּ: see מוֹ.

†[לוּב S GK], לוּבִים, לֻבִֿים n.gent.pl. Lybians, in N. Africa, W. of Egypt;—Na 3:9 ( + פּוּט), 2 Ch 12:3 (G Λιβυες; + מִצְרַיִם, סֻכִּיִּים, כּוּשִׁים), 16:8 G Λιβυες; ( + כּוּשִׁים); לֻבִֿים Dn 11:43 (v. Baer; c. מִצְרַיִם, כֻּשִֿׁים), Theod. Λιβυων; prob. = לְהָבִים (q.v.) Gn 10:13 = 1 Ch 1:11 A GL מבִִֵאלּ; read לוּבים perhaps also Je 46:9 (for ℌ לוּדִים, cf. Sta^{Javan 5 f.}), G Λυδοι (פּוּט ib. = Λιβυες); G Sm Co Sta^{Javan 6} Berthol read לוּב Ez 30:5 (for ℌ כּוּב, q.v.) See WMM ¹¹⁵.

†לוּד S^, GK, לוּדִים n.pr.m. et gent. 1. Lud, Lydia, Assyrian Luddu:—אַרְפַּכְשַׁד וְלוּד וַאֲרָם Gn 10:22 = 1 Ch 1:17 G Λουδ. 2. appar. a people in NE. Africa תַּרְשִׁישׁ פּוּל וְלוּד Is 66:19, G Λουδ; פָּרַס וְל׳ וּפוּט Ez 27:10; כּוּשׁ וּפוּט וְלוּד 30:5 ( + לוּב q.v.), in both G Λ(ο)υδοι; also pl. לוּדִים a ‘son’ of Miṣraim, Gn 10:13 G Λυδιειμ (|| לְהָבִים) = 1 Ch 1:11 (לוּדִי֯ים); Je 46:9 (|| פּוּט, כּוּשׁ) v. לוּב supr.—On this African לוּד v. Di Gn 10:13, opp. Sta^{Javan 5 ff.} cf. WMM ¹¹⁵.

לוֹ דְבָר S GK n.pr.loc. v. לֹא דְבָר.

†I. [לָוָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] join (intr.), be joined (NH Pi. לִוָּה (ליוה) trans., Hithp. intr.; Aramaic לַוֵּי accompany; so ܠܘܳܐ (lwo); BA ¹² comp. Arabic وَلِىَ (waliya) be near);—Qal (late) Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִלְוֶנּוּ. Ec 8:15, be joined to, attend (of mirth). Niph. נִלְוָה ψ 83:9 Is 14:1; 3 mpl. consec. וְנִלְווּ Nu 18:4 + 2 times, + Je 50:5 (Ges Bö Kö^{. 588} Gf Gie; >Imv. Ki Ew ^{226 c} Ol^{§ 264}); Impf. יִלָּוֶה Gn 29:34; יִלָּווּ Nu 18:2; Pt. נִלְוָה Is 56:3 (pointed as Pf., read prob. נִלְוֶח); pl. נִלְוִים Est 9:27 Is 56:6;—join oneself or be joined unto, sq. עַל Nu 18:2, 4 (מַטֵה לֵנִי to Aaron, by word-play), Is 14:1 (strangers to Isr.), Dn 11:34 (flatterers to the people), cf. Est 9:27; Is 56:6 (to י׳); sq. אֶל־ Is 56:3 (to י׳), Zc 2:15 (to י׳), Je 50:5 (to י׳), Gn 29:34 (J; husband to wife); sq. עִם ψ 83:9 (Aasshur with enemies of Isr.)

†II. [לָוָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. borrow (NH id.; cf. Arabic لَوَى (lawā) delay payment of debt (cf. BA ¹²));—Qal Pf. 1 pl. לָוִי֫נוּ Ne 5:4; Impf. 2 ms. תִּלְוֶה Dt 28:12; Pt. לֹוֶה Pr 22:7 + 2 times;—borrow, עֶבֶד לוֶֹה לְאִישׁ מַלְוֶה Pr 22:7 a borrower is slave to a man who lends; abs. Dt 28:12 Is 24:2 ψ 37:21; sq. כֶּסֶף Ne 5:4. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. consec. וְחִלְוִיתָה Dt 28:12; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַלְוְךָ Dt 28:44; 2 ms. תַּלְוֶה Ex 22:24; sf. תַּלְוֶנּוּ Dt 28:44; Pt. מַלְוֶה ψ 37:26 + 3 times, cstr. מַלְוֵה Pr 19:17;—cause to borrow, i.e. lend to, c. acc. pers. + כֶּסֶף Ex 22:24 (E); c. acc. pers. Dt 28:12, 44⁽⁾; abs. ψ 37:26; 112:5; אִישׁ מַלְוֶה Pr 22:7 (v. Qal supr.); as subst. Is 24:2; מַלְוֵה י׳ Pr 19:17 a lender to י׳ is one shewing favour to the poor.

III. לוה TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic لَوَى (lawā) turn, twist, wind; Assyrian lamû, surround, encircle; Dl ³⁶⁸ Jen ^{xliii (1889), 201}).

†[לִוְיָה S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.f. wreath;—cstr. לִוְיַת חֵן only fig. Pr 1:9 (|| עֲנָקִים) of instruction of parents, 4:9 (|| עֲטֶרֶת תִּפְאֶרֶת) of work of Wisdom.

†[לֹיָה S TWOT GK] n.f. wreath? (meaning dubious, cf. Sta ^{iii. 1883, 161}; poss. = לְוֹיָה);—pl. לֹיוֹת 1 K 7:29, 30, 36 of carved work on bases of lavers in Solomon’s temple.

†לִוְיָתָן S TWOT GK n.m. Jb 40:25 serpent, dragon, leviathan, poet. and rare (on format. from לוה c. fem. ת + ן—ָ v. Thes and cf. Ges ^{85, 54} Kö^{, p. 99} Ba ^{§ 207 c}; Lag ²⁰⁵ (thinks foreign loan-word);—sea-monster = crocodile Jb 40:25; whale ψ 104:26 (v. Che); dragon producing eclipses (mythol.) Jb 3:8; fig. of Egypt as all-engulfing ψ 74:14 (|| תַּנִּינִים v 13); cf. Is 27:1⁽⁾ (|| נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ, נָחָשׁ עֲקַלָּתוֹן), v. Che Di and especially (on ל׳ in gen.) Barton^{Tiamat, JAOS xv (1891), 22 ff.} Gunk ⁴⁶.

†[לוּז S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. (poet., mostly WsdLt) turn aside, depart (NH Niph., Hiph.; Arabic لَاذَ (lāḏa) have recourse to, take refuge in);—Qal Impf. אַל־יָלֻזוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ Pr 3:21 let them not (i.e. sound wisdom, etc., si vera l., cf. VB) depart from thine eyes (v. Hiph.). Niph. Pt. נָלוֹז Pr 3:32 Is 30:12; cstr. נְלוֹז Pr 14:2; pl. נְלוֹזִים 2:15;—fig., devious, crooked, נ׳ בְּמַעְגְּלֹתָם Pr 2:15 (|| עִקְּשִׁים); נ׳ דְּרָכָיו 14:2; as subst. of pers. 3:32; of course of action Is 30:12 (|| עֹשֶׁק), i.e. crookedness = craftiness, cunning, cf. De Che Di. Hiph. Impf. אַל־יַלִּיזוּ מֵעֵינֶיךָ Pr 4:21 (subj. דְּבָרַי) let them [my words] not depart (on form v. Ges ^{72 R. 9}) from thine eyes (strictly, let them not practise, exhibit, deviation, direct causat., Kö^{. 205}).

†[לָזוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. deviation, crookedness (fig.);—only cstr. לְזוּת שְׁפָתַיִם Pr 4:24 (on form cf. Ol ^{219 a} Kö^{. 166, 474}).

†i. לוּז S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.[m.] almond-tree, almond-wood (NH id.; Aramaic לוּזָא, ܠܽܘܙܳܐ (luzo) almond (Löw ³¹⁹), whence Arabic لَوْزٌ (lawzun) as loan-wd. (Frä¹⁴⁵ Lag ^{157 f.}), Ethiopic ለውዝ (lawz));—Gn 30:37 (J; + לִבְנֶה, עַרְמוֹן לַח of rods stripped by Jacob.

†ii. לוּז S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.loc. 1. former name of Bethel Gn 28:19 (J), 35:6 (E), 48:3 (P), Jos 18:13⁽⁾ (P), Ju 1:23; appar. distinct from B. מִבֵּית־אֵל לוּ֫זָה Jos 16:2 (JE; but ל׳ here perhaps explan. gloss, v. Di); G Λουζα, Gn 28:19 [Ουλαμ]μαυς. 2. city in hands of Hittites Ju 1:26 (on conject. as to site v. GFM); G Λουζα.

לוח TWOT (√ of foll., meaning unknown; cf. perhaps Arabic لَاحَ (lāḥa) shine, gleam, flash (of star, lightning, etc.), or Syriac ܠܚܳܐ (lḥo) wipe out, efface, with ref. to smooth surface; but this = לחה).

†לוּחַ S TWOT GK n.m. tablet, board or plank, plate (NH id., Aramaic לוּחָא, ܠܽܘܚܳܐ (luḥo); Arabic لَوْحٌ (lawḥun) (mod. pron. lûḥ, lôḥ, cf. e.g. Spiro^{Arabic-Eng. Vocab.} Buhl), Ethiopic ለውሕ (lawḥ), but Assyrian lê˒u (as if from לחה in Dl ³⁶⁶; see, however, lêjum (lêyum) Jäger ^{i, 486});—ל׳ abs. Is 30:8; cstr. Pr 3:3 + 4 times; du. לֻחֹתָ֑יִם Ez 27:5; pl. לוּחֹת (לֻחוֹת), לֻחֹת) abs. Ex 32:16 + 17 times; cstr. Dt 4:13 + 16 times;— 1. chiefly of stone tablets on which ten words were written Ex 24:12; 31:18b; 32:16⁽⁾, 19 (all E), 34:1⁽⁾, 4⁽⁾, 28 (all J), Dt 4:13; 5:19; 9:9, 10, 11, 17; 10:1, 2⁽⁾, 3⁽⁾, 4, 5 1 K 8:9 2 Ch 5:10; ל׳ הָעֵדֻת Ex 31:18a; 32:15 cf. v 15, 34:29 (all P); ל׳ הַבְּרִית Dt 9:9, 11, 15; tablet for writing prophecy Is 30:8 (|| סֵפֶר), Hb 2:2, and fig., לוּחַ לִבְּךָ Pr 3:3; 7:3 (for writing wise counsel), cf. Je 17:1 (inscribing sin of Judah); (vb. mostly כָּתַב Ex 31:18b; 32:15 Dt 9:10; כ׳ עַל Ex 34:1, 28 Dt 4:13; 5:19; 10:2, 4 Pr 3:3; 7:3 Is 30:8; חָרַשׁ עַל Je 17:1; כָּרַת sq. acc. Dt 9:9 cf. 1 K 8:9 = 2 Ch 5:10; חָרַת עַל Ex 32:16; בֵּאֵר עַל Hb 2:2). 2. wooden boards, composing altar of tabern. Ex 27:8; 38:7; planks composing ship (fig. of Tyre) Ez 27:5; cf. נָצוּר עָלֶיהָ לוּחַ אָ֑רֶז Ct 8:9, of door. 3. (metal) plates on bases of lavers in Solomon’s temple 1 K 7:36.

†לוּחִית S GK n.pr.loc. in Moab; c. art. מַעֲלֵה הַלּוּחִית Is 15:5 Je 48:5 Qr (הַלֻּחִית; Kt. הלחות); it lay S. of the Arnon; cf. Buhl ^{24, 272} and reff.; G Λουειθ.

[לוּט S TWOT GK] vb. wrap closely, tightly, enwrap, envelop (Arabic لَاطَ (lāṭa) cleave, stick to a thing; also trans. make to stick, or adhere);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. לָאט 2 S 19:5 (so read, for MT לָאַט, We Klo Dr Bu); Pt. act. לוֹט Is 25:7 (cf. Kö^{. 445}); Pt. pass. f. לוּטָה 1 S 21:10;—לוּטָה בַשִּׂמְלָה 1 S 21:10 it is wrapped up in a garment (of sword of Goliath); fig. of covering as sign of mourning, פְּנֵי־הַלּוֹט הַלּוֹט עַל־כָּל־הָעַמִּים Is 25:7 the surface of covering which covereth over all the peoples (|| מַסֵּכָה הַנְּסוּכָה). Hiph. Impf. envelope, wrap וַיָּלֶ֫ט פָּנָיו בְּאַדַּרְתּוֹ 1 K 19:13.

†לָט S^, TWOT GK, לָאט n.[m.] secrecy, mystery;—abs. לָט 1 S 18:22 + 2 times, לָאט Ju 4:21; pl. sf. לָמֵיהֶם Ex 7:22 + 2 times; לַהֲמֵיהֶם Ex 7:11;—always c. בְ: 1. בַּלָּט = secretly 1 S 18:22; 24:5 Ru 3:7; so בַּלָּאט Ju 4:21. 2. בְּלָטֵיהֶם with their mysteries = enchantments (i.e. of חַרְטֻמֵּי מִצְרַיִם) Ex 7:22; 8:3, 14 = בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶם 7:11 (all P). S. p. 31 for לְאַט gently.

†i. לוֹט S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. envelope, covering;—Is 25:7 v. sub vb. supr.

ii. לוֹט S^, TWOT GK^, ₃₃ n.pr.m. Lot son of Haran, and nephew of Abram; G Λωτ;—Gn 11:27, 31; 12:4, 5; 13:1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11⁽⁾, 12, 14; 14:12, 16 + 15 times Gn 19; †בְּנֵי לוֹט = Moabites Dt 2:9; = Ammonites Dt 2:19; = both, ψ 83:9.

†לוֹטָן S GK n.pr.m. G Λωταν; a son of שֵׂעִיר Gn 36:20, 22 = 1 Ch 1:38, 39, and father of חֹרִי etc. Gn 36:22 = 1 Ch 1:39; called a chief (אַלּוּף) of הַחֹרִי Gn 36:29.

†i. לֵוִי S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. Levi (√ and meaning dubious; Gn 29:34 (J) interpr. as joined, i.e. husband to wife; Nu 18:2, 4 (P; appar. in word-play) of Levites as joined to, attendant upon, Aaron; orig. as attached to, accompanying Isr. from Egypt, Lag ^{ii. 20 f.}; as attached to, attending upon the ark, Bau ⁷⁴; in this case i. לֵוִי would be derived from ii. לֵוִי in priestly sense; Hom^{. 1890, 30 f.} proposes Minaean לוא, lau˒ân, priest, cf. Id.^{Süd-Arabic Chrest. 127}; ag. all such views v. Kau ^{1890, 771 f.}; We ^{ed. 5, 141; Isr. 145} Sta ^{i (1881), 112 ff.} Gray^{, p. 96}, cf. Nö ^{xl (1886), 167}, make לֵוִי n. gent. from לֵאָה (q.v.); cf. a further sugg. We ^{iii. 114})—G Λευ(ε)ι(ν);— 1. a. Levi, son of Jacob and Leah, as individual, Gn 29:34; 34:25, 30; 35:23; 49:5 (all J); 35:23; 46:11 Ex 1:2; 6:16⁽⁾ Nu 3:17; 16:1 (all P); 1 Ch 2:1; 5:22; 6:1, 4, 23, 28, 32; 23:6 Ezr 8:18; so בַּת־ל׳ [אֶת־] Ex 2:1 (E), Nu 26:59 (P). b. as head of a family of descendants, in phr. בֵּית לֵוִי Ex 2:1 (E), and (with ref. to tribe; late) Nu 17:23, מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית ל׳ Zc 12:13. c. often בְּנֵי(־)ל׳ Ex 32:26, 28 (E), Jos 21:10 (P), בְּנֵי(־)ל׳ with tribal ref. Nu 3:15; 4:2; 18:21 (charged with service of tabern., and hence to receive tithes; all P); as priests הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי לֵוִי Dt 21:5; 31:9, cf. Mal 3:3, and לֹא הָיוּ מִבְּנֵי ל׳ 1 K 12:31; from the בְּנֵי ל׳ the Zadokites are selected as priests Ez 40:46; according to 1 Ch 9:18 23:24, 27 בְּנֵי ל׳ are subordinate officials in temple (cf. v 28 f.), cf. 24:20; sharply disting. from priests Ezr 8:15, Ne 12:23 (cf. v 22); so also in later stratum of story of Korah’s revolt Nu 16:7, 8, 10 (P²). 2. as name of tribe, שֵׁבֶט ל׳ Dt 18:1 (priestly tribe), מַטֵּה ל׳ Nu 1:49 (in charge of tabern.), 3:6; 18:2 (ministers unto Aaron); לֵוִי alone = (tribe of) Levi Dt 27:12; 33:8 (earlier poem), Nu 26:58 (P), Ez 48:31 Mal 2:4 (priestly tribe, cf. v 1), 1 Ch 21:6; 27:17; מַטֵּה ל׳ = rod of (the tribe of) Levi Nu 17:18 (P) also (no inheritance, because charged with service of tabernacle) Dt 10:9.

ii. לֵוִי S^, TWOT^, GK^, ₂₉₁ adj.gent. Levite;—לֵוִי, 40 times; pl. לְוִיִּם 250 times; sf. 1 pl. לְוִיֵּנוּ Ne 10:1;—† 1. sg. of individual, אִישׁ ל׳ Ju 19:1 a certain Levite; pred. וְהוּא ל׳ Ju 17:1 and he was a Levite, so v 9; c. art. הַלּ׳ as subst. the Levite Ex 4:14 (J), Ju 17:10, 11, 12, 13 (as priest), Dt 18:6 2 Ch 20:14; 31:12, 14, Ezr 10:15; הַנַּעַר הַלּ׳ Ju 18:3, 15; הָאִישׁ הַלּ׳ 20:4. Sg. usually † 2. c. art. הַלֵּוִי as subst. coll. the Levites: Ex 6:19 Nu 3:20, 32; 26:57 (all P); 18:23 (P; charged with service of tabern.); especially D, Dt 12:12, 18, 19; 14:27, 29; 16:1, 14; 26:10, 12, 13; also 1 Ch 24:6; Mal 2:8 (as priestly tribe), שֵׁבֶט הַלּ׳ Dt 10:8 tribe of the Levites (set apart for service), cf. Jos 13:14, 33 1 Ch 23:14; בְּנֵי־הַלֵּוִי 1 Ch 12:27 (van d. H. v 26) sons of the Levites (i.e. of the tribe); so Ne 10:40 (as tithe-collectors); בֵּית הַלֵּוִי ψ 135:20 house (family, tribe) of the Levites 3. pl. לְֽוִיִּם chiefly Chr and P;—always c. art. הַֽלְוִיִּם except sf. לְוִיֵּנוּ Ne 10:1; the art. is om. by GB and most in Is 66:21; always = subst. Levites;— 1. †a. earlier usage:—as bearing the ark 1 S 6:15 2 S 15:24 Dt 31:25, so (with priests) 1 K 8:4 = 2 Ch 5:5 (ℌ הכהנים הַל׳; read prob. וְהַל׳ as in K, GSB cf. Öt VB); also 1 Ch 15:2, 26, 27; 23:26 2 Ch 5:4 (for הכהנים || 1 K 8:3). †b. not disting. from priests by D: הַכֹּהֲנִים הַל׳ Dt 17:9, 18; 18:1; 24:8; 27:9, Jos 3:3; 8:33 (both D; as bearing ark), also Je 33:18, 21 (הַל׳ הַכּ׳), Ez 43:19; 44:15; cf. Dt 18:7; 27:14 Je 33:22; הַכּ׳ הַל׳ likewise 2 Ch 23:18; 30:27 (but read prob. וְהַל׳ after GSB, cf. Öt and infr.) †c. as tribal designation, Ex 6:25 Nu 3:39; 4:18, 46 Jos 21:1 (all P), 1 Ch 9:33, 34; 15:12 2 Ch 35:5 Ne 11:15, 16; 12:24; with ref. to share in land Lv 25:32⁽⁾, 33⁽⁾ (H), Nu 1:47; 2:33 Jos 14:3, 4; 21:3, 4, 8, 20, 27, 34, 38, 39 (all P), 18:7 (D), 1 Ch 6:49; cf. also 2 Ch 11:14†. d. set apart for service in tabern., Ex 38:21 Nu 1:50, 51⁽⁾, 53⁽⁾; 2:17; 7:5, 6; 8:6 + 18 times Nu 8 (all P), cf. 1 Ch 6:33; 16:4; ministers to Aaron and his sons Nu 3:9; 8:19; 18:6 (P); set apart for י׳ (as redemption for first-born) Nu 3:12⁽⁾ + 7 times Nu 3 (P); with certain perquisites Nu 18:24, 26, 30 + 9 times Nu (P). 2. in Chr. the tribal idea is in the background, and thought of Levites as official class is prominent: a. disting. from priests הַכּ׳ וְהַל׳ 1 Ch 9:14 (cf. v 10), 13:2; 15:4, 11, 14; 23:2; 24:6, 31 + 67 times Chr.; also Is 66:21 (according to Vrss., but dub.), Ez 44:10; 45:5 (cf. v 4), 48:11, 12, 13, 22. b. as porters, 1 Ch 9:26; 26:17, cf. 34:9; as in charge of music, 1 Ch 15:16, 17, 22 2 Ch 5:12; 29:25, 30; 34:12 Ne 12:27; yet disting. from porters and singers, Ne 7:1; 13:5, 10; disting. also from נְתִינִים 1 Ch 9:2 Ezr 8:20 Ne 10:29; further (with various official functions) 1 Ch 9:31 + 29 times Chr.; of groups of individuals, 2 Ch 17:8⁽⁾; 29:12; 34:12 Ezr 2:40 = Ne 7:43, Ezr 8:33 Ne 3:17; 9:5; 10:10; 12:8, also 8:7 (om. וְ; B BeRy Ryle). c. בְּנֵי־הַלְוִיִּם 1 Ch 15:15 (bearing ark), 24:30 (tribal designation).—See, on Levites, especially Gf ^{d. Stammes Levi} in Me^{Archiv i. 68 ff. 208 ff.} We ^{Cap. iv} RS^{. 435 f., 2nd ed., 360 f.} Bau ^{50 f., 68 f., and often}

†[לוּל S TWOT GK] n.[m.] shaft or enclosed space (poss. in wall), with steps or ladder, only pl. לוּלִים 1 K 6:8 (וּבְלוּלִים יַעֲלוּ), on meaning v. Sta ^{iii, 1883, 136 ff.} > GB winding-stair, cf. Buhl, v. Sta (NH לוּל winding passage or stair, or enclosed space in which is a winding stair, according to Levy ^{ii. 486}, but v. Sta. √ dubious; hardly לולו infr.)

לוּלֵא S TWOT GK, לוּלֵי v. sub לוּ.

לולו TWOT (appar. secondary √ from iii. לוה turn, twist, wind, whence following).

†[לוּלַי S TWOT GK] n.f. loop (probably from לולו; cf. [דוּדַי] p. 188 supra; Zehnpf ^{i. 635}, comp. Assyrian lu-lu, ‘Schleife’);—only pl. abs. לֻֽלָאֹת Ex 26:5⁽⁾ + 8 times, cstr. לֻלְאֹת Ex 26:4; 36:11;—loops on edges of curtains of tabernacle, matching the hooks (קְרָסִים), for joining the curtains: Ex 26:4, 5⁽⁾, 10⁽⁾, 11; 36:11, 12⁽⁾, 17⁽⁾ (all P).

לוּלֵי v. לוּלֵא sub לוּ.

I. לוּן S TWOT^, GK, לִין S TWOT GK. vb. lodge, pass the night, fig. abide (NH לִינָה n. lodging, spending the night; cf. Nö ^{xxxvii (1883), 535 ff.}; according to Thes kindred with לַיְלָה (q.v. infra), with change of ל and ן)—Qal Pf. לָן Gn 32:22 2 S 12:16; 3 fs. וְלָ֫נֶה consec. (before monosyl.) Zc 5:4; 1 pl. וְלַנּוּ consec. Ju 19:13 (v. Ges ^{73. R. 1} Kö^{. 508}); Impf. יָלִין Ex 23:18 + 13 times + 2 S 17:8, but cf. Hiph.; וַיָּ֫לֶן Gn 28:11 + 4 times; 3 fs. תָּלִין Lv 19:13 + 4 times; תָּלַ֫ן Jb 17:2 (v. Kö^{. 509}); 2 ms. juss. אַל־תָּ֫לֶן 2 S 17:16; תָּלַ֑ן Ju 19:20 (v. Kö), etc.; Imv. לִין Ju 19:6, 9, etc.; Inf. cstr. לָלוּן Gn 24:25 + 5 times; לָלִין 24:23; Pt. pl. לֵנִים Ne 13:21;— 1. lodge, pass the night: a. lit., human subj., often c. prep. or adv. of place, Gn 19:2; 28:11 Ju 19:13, 15 Ru 1:16 Jb 24:7 + often (on 2 S 17:8 v. Hiph.); c. ה loc., וְלָן וְשָׁכַב אַ֫רְצָה 2 S 12:16; c. ב loc. + ב temp. בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא Gn 32:14, 22 Jos 8:9; c. הַלַּיְלָה (accus. temp.), Nu 22:8 Jos 4:3 2 S 17:16; 19:8 Ru 3:13; of the wicked ψ 59:16, according to Hup De Pe al.; < from ii. לון GB Aq Che Bae al., cf. AV; sim. of temporary sojourn Je 14:8 (of י׳ in Isr.) b. of animals: wild ox (רְאֵם) Jb 39:9 (sq. עַל־אֲבוּסֶ֑ךָ), porcupine (קִפֹּד) Zp 2:14. c. inanim. subj. = remain all night: of fat of sacrifice Ex 23:18 (E; sq. עַד־בֹּקֶר), passover meal 34:25 (P; sq. לַבֹּקֶר), Dt 16:4 (sq. לַבֹּקֶר; all these without local designation), wages of hireling Lv 19:13 (H; אֶת = with + עַד־בֹּקֶר), of dead body Dt 21:23 (עַל loc.); dew Jb 29:19 (ב loc.); bunch of myrrh Ct 1:13 (בֵּין loc.) d. fig. בָּעֶרֶב יָלִין בֶּ֑כִי ψ 30:6 at evening weeping may come to lodge (opp. וְלַבֹּקֶר רִנָּה). † 2. fig. abide, remain, subj. עַיִן ( = look upon), c. ב Jb 17:2; of error, 19:4 (c. prep. אֵת pers.), strength 41:14 (of crocod.; c. ב); of righteousness, Is 1:21 (c. ב); נַפְשׁוֹ בְטוֹב תָּלִין ψ 25:13; of hearkening ear Pr 15:31, c. בְּקֶרֶב; of thoughts Je 4:14, c. id.; abs., of man, continue, endure, ψ 49:13, שָׂבֵעַ יָלִין Pr 19:23 he shall continue satisfied. Hiph. Impf. יָלִין cause to rest, lodge, sq. acc., 2 S 17:8 v. Kö^{. 509}. Hithpo˓l. Impf. יִתְלֹנָ֑ן Jb 39:28 dwell, abide, of eagle; fig. בְּצֵל שַׁדַּי יִתְלוֹנָ֑ן ψ 91:1 of one trusting in י׳.

†מָלוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. lodging-place, inn, khan;—abs. מ׳ Gn 42:27 + 5 times; cstr. מְלוֹן 2 K 19:23 Je 9:1;—lodging-place, inn, khal (?) Gn 42:27; 43:21 Ex 4:24; מְ׳ אֹרְחִים Je 9:1; = camp (of Isr.) for a night, Jos 4:3 ( + לין), v 8; of Assyrians Is 10:29; fig. מְלוֹן קִצֹּה֯ 2 K 19:23, i.e. its (Lebanon’s) remotest camping-ground, hyperb. of Assyrian conquest; so read prob. in || Is 37:24 for MT מְרוֹם ק׳, cf. Di Du Kit Che.

†מְלוּנָה S TWOT GK n.f. lodge, hut;—מ׳ בְּמִקְשָׁה Is 1:8 (i.e. a watchman’s hut); sim. of frail, insecure structure וְהִתְנוֹדֲדָה כַּמְּלוּנָה Is 24:20 and it [the earth] shall shake (or totter) like a hut.

†II. [לוּן S TWOT^, GK] vb. murmur, only Ex 15, 16, 17, Nu 14, 16, 17, and Jos 9:18 (Sam. always defect., hence Nö ^{xxxvii, 1883, 535 n.} thinks poss. לנן [cf. רנן?]; from limited occurrence, he supposes it disappeared early; but found chiefly in P);—Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּלּוֹ֫נוּ Ex 15:24 + 3 times + Ex 16:2 Qr (Kt וילינו) + Nu 14:36 Kt (Qr וַיַּלִּי֫נוּ, Hiph.); 2 mpl. תִּלּוֹ֫נוּ Ex 16:7 Nu 16:11, both Kt (Qr תַּלִּי֫נוּ); on forms v. Ges ^{72 ee} Kö^{. 509};—murmur against, sq. עַל Ex 15:24 (JE), 16:2, 7 Nu 14:2; 16:11; 17:6 Jos 9:18 (all P; all of people Isr.); abs. ψ 59:16 (v. ׃לון 1 a). Hiph. Pf. 2 mpl. חֲלִינֹתֶם Nu 14:29; Impf. וַיָּ֫לָן Ex 17:3; וַיַּלִּי֫נוּ Ex 16:2 Kt, Nu 14:36 Qr; 2 mpl. תַּלִּי֫נוּ Ex 16:7 Qr, Nu 16:11 Qr (on all vid. supr.); Pt. pl. מַלִּינִים Ex 16:8 + 3 times;—murmur = Niph., sq. על Ex 17:3 (E), elsewhere P: 16:8 Nu 14:27⁽⁾, 29; 17:20; cause to murmur, sq. acc. + עַל Nu 14:36 Qr; (cf. also supra Niph.)

†[תְּלֻנָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. murmuring;—pl. cstr. תְּלֻנּוֹת (תְּלוּנֹּת) Ex 16:12 + 2 times; sf. תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם 16:7 + 3 times; תְּלוּנֹּתָם Nu 17:25;—murmurings of Isr. against י׳ (only P); Ex 16:9, 12 Nu 17:25; sq. עַל Ex 16:7, 8, cf. v 8, Nu 14:27; 17:20 ( + מַלִּינִם על).

†I. [לוּעַ TWOT, or לָעַע S^, TWOT GK^, ] vb. swallow, swallow down (Syriac ܠܰܥ, ܠܳܥ (la˓, lo˓) lap or lick up Ju 7 5–7);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְלָע֫וּ consec. Ob 16 (Ges ^{67 R. 12});—abs., fig. of nations drinking (cup of judgment).—Hi De talk wildly, vid. II. לוע; We Now נָעוּ reel, totter (cf. Is 24:20; 29:9).

†[לֹעַ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] prob. throat (external) (cf. NH לַוֹעַ jaw, cheek, Aramaic לוֹעָא, ܠܘܥܐ (lw˓˒) id.);—וְשַׂמְתָּ֫ שַכִּין בְּלֹ&#