נ‍, ן

‍נ‍, ן, Nûn, fourteenth letter; used as numeral 50 in postB. Heb.

i. נָא S^, TWOT^, GK^, part. of entreaty or exhortation, I (we) pray, now (enclitic) (Syriac ܢܺܐ, ܢܺܝ (ni, ni); cf. Ethiopic ነዒ (na˓i) veni, age! Di^{§ 160. 1} Lex⁶⁷⁵ Kö^{. 244});—attached: 1. to the imv., especially in colloquial style, when it expresses an entreaty or admonition, as Gn 12:13 אִמְרִי־נָא say, I pray, 13:9 הִפָּרֶד־נָא מֵעָלַי, v 14 שָׂא־נָא עֵינֶיךָ, 15:5 הַבֶּט־נָא השׁמימה, 24:2 + often, Nu 20:10 שׁמעו־נא המוֹרים, Ju 13:4; 16:6, 10, 28; 18:5, etc., Is 1:18; 5:3 Am 7:2, 5; rarely in a command, Gn 22:2 Is 7:3. Ironically, in a challenge, Is 47:12 Jb 40:10. Once anomalously attached to a subst., or (accents) prefixed to a verb, Nu 12:13 אֵ֕ל נָא֛ רְפָ֥א נָא֖ (Ew ^{246 a} Di אַל־נָא; v. 3 b). 2. to the pf. with waw consec., in a precative sense (Dr ^{119 δ}) Gn 40:14. 3. to the impf., when leave is asked, or a prayer or desire expressed; a. in 1 pers., especially with ה cohort., Gn 19:8 אוציאה־נא let me, I pray, bring out, v 20 אִמָּֽלְטָה־נָּא שָׁ֑מָּה, Ex 3:18 נלכה־נא let us go, I pray, אֵלְכָה נָּא 4:18 אִיעָצֵּךְ נָא עֵצָה let me give thee counsel, I pray, 1 Ki 1:12 Nu 20:17 Is 5:5; and in self-deliberation, Gn 18:21 ארדה־נּא I will go down, now! Ex 3:3 אסורה־נּא ואראה I will turn aside, now, and see, 2 S 14:15 Ct 3:2 Is 5:1; with אַל Jb 32:21. b. in 2 pers., with אַל, in deprecation, Gn 18:3 אל־נא תעבר מעל עבדך, 19:7; 47:29 Nu 10:31, etc.; hence ellipt. אל־נא do not, I pray, (do this,) Gn 19:18; 33:10 Nu 12:13 Ew Di c. in 3 pers., Gn 18:4 יֻקַּח־נָא let there be brought, I pray, 26:28; 33:14; 44:18, 33, etc., 2 S 14:11, 12, 17 1 K 17:21 2 K 2:9 ψ 7:10; 118:2, 3; ironically Is 19:12; 47:13, or defiantly Jer 17:15 where is the word of J.? יָבוֹא נָא; with אַל, Gn 13:8 אַל־נָא תְהִי מְרִיבָה, 18:30 אַל־נָא יִחַר לַאדֹנָי, 37:27 Nu 12:12. 4. joined to conjunctions and interjections: a. [אָהּ־נָא, contr.] אָ֫נָּא; v. p. 58. b. אַל־נָא, see above 3 b, c. c. אִם־נָא, especially in the phrase אם נא מצאתי חן בעיניך, used by one craving a favourable hearing †Gn 30:27; 33:10 Ju 6:17; 1 S 27:5, and with נא repeated in the request itself †Gn 18:3; 47:29; 50:4 Ex 33:13; 34:9; otherwise Gn 24:42. d. הִנֵּה־נָא behold, I pray, craving a favourable consideration of the fact pointed to by הִנֵּה, and of the request founded upon it (with which נא is often repeated), Gn 12:11; 16:2; 18:27, 31; 19:2, 8, 19, 20; 27:2 Ju 13:3; 19:9 1 S 9:6; 16:15 2 S 13:24 2 K 2:16, 19; 4:9 +, Jb 13:18; 33:2; 40:15, 16. e. (לנו) אוֹי־נָא לי Woe, now, to me (us)! †Je 4:31; 45:3 La 5:16. f. אַיֵּה־נָא where, pray? †ψ 115:2. g. נֶגְדָּה־נָּא, peculiarly, †ψ 116:14, 18 my vows to J. I will perform, נגדה־נא לכל־עמו O that (it may be) before all his people!

ii. נָא S^, TWOT^, GK^, adj. v. ניא.

†נֹא S GK n.pr.loc. No = Thebes (Egyptian nt, city, i.e. prob. nē(t), v. Steind ^{i. 596 f.}; Assyrian Ni-˒u, Ni-i˒ Dl ³¹⁸ Steind Schr TelAm. Nî (Ni-i) Wkl ³⁹ Bez ^{in BM 153});—הִנְנִי פוֹקֵד אֶל־אָמוֹן מִנֹא Je 46:25 Amon from (of, G ἐν = בְּ) No; נֹא אָמוֹן Na 3:8 No of Amon ( = city of god Ammon, = G Διόσπολις Ez 30:14, 16 Steind ; v. also Jerem. and Billerbeck ^{iii. 104 f.}); Ez 30:14 (|| פַּתְרוֹס, צֹ֫עַן), וְהִכְרַתִּי אֶת־הֲמוֹן נֹא v 15 (|| סִין; but G Co Berthol נֹף q.v. for נֹא) v 16 (|| סִין, Co סון). It lay on the right bank of the Nile, c. 400 miles (by the river) S. of Memphis.

†נֹאד S TWOT GK (Ju 4:19 Kt נאוד, i.e. prob. נְאוֹד), n.m. Jos 9:4 skin-bottle, skin (√ unknown; NH נוֹד; Assyrian nâdu, Dl ⁴³⁸; Aramaic נוֹדָא);—נ׳ abs. ψ 119:83; cstr. Ju 4:19 1 S 16:20; sf. נֹאדֶ֑ךָ ψ 56:9; pl. נֹאדוֹת Jos 9:4, 13;—skin, נ׳ יַיִן Jos 9:4, 13 1 S 16:20; נ׳ הֶחָלָב Ju 4:19; for tears ψ 56:9 (fig.; v Che); נ׳ בְּקִיטוֹר i.e. shrivelled and useless ψ 119:83 (in sim.; cf. [De] Che Schu De Witt We > as thrust aside, out of the way Now (in Hup), cf. De, or as black and wrinkled outwardly, while retaining the choice wine within Bae, after Rosenm. Hup).—Vid. Winer ^{Art. Schlauch} Kmp ^id.

†[נָאָה S TWOT GK] vb. only Pi˓lel be comely, befitting (Thes Ol ^{251 a, 187 a} Sta ^{416 b} Ges ^{73. 2. R.4} SS Bae ψ 33:1 > AE Ki Hartm ^{(1875) 13 ff.} Nö ^{xxx, 1876, 185} Now Hup ψ 31:1, 93:5 Buhl Niph. √ I. אוה desire, i.e. desirable, beautiful; NH נאה Pi. Hithp.; T נוֹאִי beauty);—Pi˓lel Pf. נַאֲוָה ψ 93:5 (so van d. H Ginsb; Mass Baer De^{ad loc.} נָֽאֲוָה = נָאוָה v. נָאוֶה adj., but v Sta ^{155 b. n}); נָאווּ Is 52:7 Ct 1:10 (on form cf. Ges);— 1. be comely; of feet of messenger, (fig.) Is 52:7; of cheeks Ct 1:10. 2. be befitting: לְבֵיתְךָ נ׳־קֹדֶשׁ ψ 93:5.

†נָאוֶה S TWOT GK adj. comely, seemly;—נ׳ m. Ct 2:14 + 3 times; f. נָאוָה ψ 33:1 + 4 times, נָוָה Je 6:2;— 1. comely, beautiful, of woman Ct 1:5; 6:4 (|| יָפָה); of face 2:14 (מַרְאֶה); so נָוָה Je 6:2 (fig. of Jerus.; || מְעֻנָּגָה); of mouth Ct 4:3 (|| שְׂפָתוֹת). 2. seemly, of praise תְּהִלָּה ψ 33:1; 147:1; subj. שְׂפַת־יֶתֶר Pr 17:7 (cf. Ct 4:3); תַּעֲנוּג 19:10; כָּבוֹד 26:1. So also ψ 93:5 Mass (anom. fem.) v. [נאה] supr.

נְאוֹת v. ii. [נָוָה] sub II. נוה.

נאם (√ of foll.: cf. نَأَمَ (na˒ama) groan, sigh; perhaps also NH נוּם speak).

נְאֻם S TWOT GK₃₇₆ n.m. utterance (Ba ^{82 e} Kö^{Lgb ii. 501} > older expl. as Pt. pass.);—נ׳ always thus, as cstr.:— 1. utterance, declaration, revelation, of prophet in ecstatic state נ׳ בלעם Nu 24:3, 15; נ׳ שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל v 4, 16; נ׳ הַגֶּבֶר v 3, 15 2 S 23:1 Pr 30:1; נ׳ דוד 2 S 23:1; נ׳ פֶּשַׁע ψ 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with proph. voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֹ); elsewhere always 2. before divine names (except Je 23:31 see vb.): נ׳ יהוה utterance, declaration of י׳ (prophet citing divine word given through him), Gn 22:16 (J), Nu 14:28 (P), 2 K 9:26⁽⁾; 19:33 = Is 37:34, 2 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 34:27, Is 14:22; 30:1; 31:9 Ez 13:6, 7; 16:58; 37:14 Ho 2:15, 18, 23; 11:11 Jo 2:12 Ob 4:8 Mi 4:6; 5:9 Zp 1:2, 3, 10; 3:8 Zc 8:17; 10:12; 11:6; 12:1, 4; 13:8 Mal 1:2 + Is ² 12 times, Je 162 times, Am 14 times, Hg 5 times, Zc 1 (1–8) 6 times; sq. אלהי ישׂראל 1 S 2:30 Is 17:6; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)צְבָאוֹת Am 6:8, 14; נ׳ י׳ צְבָאוֹת Is 14:22, 23; 17:3; 22:25 Je 8:3; 25:29; 30:8; 49:26 Na 2:14; 3:5 Zc 13:2, 7 + Hg 5 times, Zc 1 (1–8) 7 times; sq. אלהי ישׂראל Zp 2:9; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24; 19:4; אֲדֹנָי י׳ אֶלֹהֵי הַצּ׳ Am 3:13; אדני י׳ צ׳ Is 3:15 Je 49:5; הַמֶּלֶךְ י׳ צ׳ 46:18; 48:15; 51:57; נ׳ אדני יהוה Is 56:8 Je 2:22 Am 4:5; 8:3, 9, 11 + Ez 82 times נְאֻם begins sentence only Is 56:8 ψ 110:1; often in middle Is 49:18 Am 3:10 +; most frequently at end Is 54:17 Am 2:11; 4:3 +; found in all proph. except Hab., Jon.; not in H D of Hex, Chr (except || Kings), Dan., Job or the five Megilloth.

†[נָאַם S TWOT GK] vb. denom. utter a prophecy, speak as prophet;—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּנְאֲמוּ נְאֻם Je 23:31 and they uttered (in the prophetic manner), it as an utterance (of י׳); they used the prophetic formula (cf. אֹמְרִים נְאֻם י׳ Ez 13:6, 7).

†[נָאַף S TWOT GK] vb. commit adultery (NH id.; Aramaic נְאַף (rare));—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִנְאַף Lv 20:10⁽⁾; 3 mpl. וַיִּנְאָ֑פוּ Je 5:7 + 3 times Impf., Inf. abs. נָאוֹף 23:14; נָאֹף Ho 4:2 Je 7:9; Pt. נֹאֵף Pr 6:32 Jb 24:15; fs. נֹאָ֑פֶת Lv 20:10; fpl. נֹאֲפוֹת Ez 16:38 + 2 times;— 1. lit. commit adultery: a. usually of man, always with wife of another; c. acc. woman, Lv 20:10⁽⁾ (H), Pr 6:32; elsewhere abs. Ex 20:14 = Dt 5:17 (Ten Words), Je 5:7; 7:9; 23:14 Ho 4:2; pt. m. Lv 20:10 (H), Jb 24:15. b. of women, only pt. Lv 20:10 (H), Ez 16:38; 23:45⁽⁾. 2. fig. of idolatrous worship, את האבן ואת העץ Je 3:9.

Piel Pf. 3 fs. נִאֲפָה Je 3:8; 3 mpl. נִאֵ֑פוּ Ez 23:37⁽⁾; Impf. 3 mpl. יְנַאֲפוּ Je 29:23; 3 fpl. תְּנָאַפְנָה Ho 4:13, 14; Pt. מְנָאֵף Is 57:3; pl. מְנָאֲפִים Je 9:1 + 4 times; f. מְנָאָ֑פֶת Pr 30:20 + 2 times;— 1. lit. commit adultery: a. of man, c. acc. woman, Je 29:23; pt. pl. Je 9:2; 23:10 Ho 7:4 Mal 3:5 ψ 50:18. b. of woman, abs. Ho 4:13, 14; pt. 3:1 Pr 30:20; pl. Ez 16:32; 23:37. 2. fig. of idolatrous worship, אֶת־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶן Ez 23:37; abs. Je 3:8, מְנָאֵף זֶרַע Is 57:3.

†[נִאֻף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] adultery;—only pl. נִאֻפִים Ez 23:43 (but G S Co נִאֲפוּ, cf. Berthol); sf. נִאֻפַ֫יִךְ Je 13:27 (Kö^{. 151}); fig. of idolatrous worship.

†[נַאֲפוּף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] adultery;—only pl. sf. נַאֲפוּפֶוהָ Ho 2:4 (Ba ²¹⁶), of idolatrous worship of Baal.

†נָאַץ S TWOT GK vb. contemn, spurn (NH id., Pi.; T נִיאוּצָא reviling);—Qal Pf. נ׳ Pr 5:12; 3 pl. יִנְאֲצּו Pr 1:30; נָאָ֑צוּ ψ 107:11; Impf. יִנְאַץ Pr 15:5; יִנְאָצ֑וּן Je 33:24, etc.;—contemn, subj. wicked and foolish, obj. תּוֹכַהַת Pr 1:30; 5:12; obj. מוּסָר Pr 15:5; עֵצָה ψ 107:11; Je 33:24 (obj. עַם י׳; cf. Gie); subj. י׳ Dt 32:19 Je 14:21 La 2:6. Pi. Pf. נִאֵץ ψ 10:3, 13; נִאַ֫צְתָּ 2 S 12:14, etc.; Impf. יְנָאֵץ ψ 74:10, sf. יְנַאֲצֻנִי Nu 14:11; Inf. abs. נִאֵץ (Sta ²²¹) 2 S 12:14; Pt. sf. מְנָֽאֲצַי Nu 14:23; מְנַאֲצַי Je 23:17; מְנַאֲצָ֑יִךְ Is 60:14;—contemn, spurn, subj.men, obj. י׳, etc.: Nu 14:11, 23; 16:30 (all J), Dt 31:20 Is 1:4 ψ 10:3, 13 Je 23:17; obj. שֵׁם י׳ ψ 74:10, 18; אִמְרַת י׳ Is 5:24; מִנְחַת י׳ 1 S 2:17; once obj. Jerus. Is 60:14; cause to contemn (blaspheme AV RV) 2 S 12:14⁽⁾ (but אֹיְבֵי prob. interp.; v Comm).

Hiph. Impf. יָנֵ֯אץ v. נצץ.

Hithpo˓el Pt. כל־היום שְׁמִי מִנֹּאָץ Is 52:5 every day is my name contemned.

†נְאָצָה S TWOT GK n.f. contempt, contumely;—יוֹם צָרָה וְתוֹכֵחָה וּנ׳ 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3.

†[נֶאָצָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] n.f. contempt (toward י׳), blasphemy;—pl. נֶאָצוֹת Ne 9:18, 26 c. עָשָׂה, of Isr.; נָאָצוֹתֶיךָ Ez 35:12 of Mt. Seir, spoken against הרי ישׂראל.

†נָאַק S TWOT GK vb. groan (Aramaic נְאַק (rare));—Qal Pf. וְנָאַק consec. Ez 30:24 c. acc. cogn. fig. of Pharaoh before king of Babylon (emend. Co v. נַאֲקָה Impf. Jb 24:12 וִנְאָ֑קוּ.

†[נְאָקָה S TWOT GK] n.f. groan, groaning;—cstr. נַאֲקַת Ex 6:5; sf. נַאֲקָתָם Ex 2:24 Ju 2:18; pl. cstr. נַאֲקוֹת Ez 30:24;—groaning of oppressed people Ex 2:24; 6:5 Ju 2:18; of a wounded man Ez 30:24; (G Co וּבָזַז בִּוָּה for MT וְנָאַק נַאֲקוֹת, but cf. Berthol).

[נָאַר S TWOT GK] vb. only Pi. exact meaning uncertain; prob. (from context) abhor, spurn (De comp. Arabic نار (n˒r) abhor, but this is med. و (w));—Pi. Pf. subj. י׳, נִאֵד La 2:7 (obj. מִקְדָּשׁוֹ; || זָנַח); 2 ms. נֵאַרְתָּה ψ 89:40 (obj. בְּרִית עַבְדְּךָ; || חִלֵּל, and זָנַח, מָאַם v 39; doubts cast on text by Hup (reading נאץ), Now, Bu La 2:7).

†נֹב S GK n.pr.loc. 1. ancient priestly city 1 S 22:19 cf. v 11 c. ה loc. נֹ֫בֶה (Ges ^{90, 2 ad} ), 21:2; 22:9; G Νομβα, Νομμα, Νοβα, etc.; perhaps = נְבוֹ (q.v.) Ezr 2:29 = Ne 7:33, Ezr 10:43, G Ναβον, Ναβια, etc. Site dub.; on Jerome’s identif. with Nobe near Lydda cf. Buhl ¹⁸⁹; a Bēt Nūbā lies c. 13 m. WNW. from Jerus., c. 10 SE. from Lydda. 2. Is 10:32 just N. of Jerus., station in (ideal) Assyrian march; cf. Ne 11:32 (inhab. by Benjamites); perhaps = 3. —2 S 21:16 read גֹּב (q.v. p. 146 supr.)

נבא (√ of foll.; Ew Fl De Kö^{Lgb ii. 1, 133} al. comp. Arabic نَبَأَ (naba˒a) utter a low voice, or sound (especially of dog); announce; but also be exalted, elevated (نَبَأَ (naba˒a) eminence); iii, iv. acquaint, inform, نَبَأٌ (naba˒un) information, announcement, intelligence]; Assyrian nabû, call, proclaim, name, Dl ⁴⁴¹; Ethiopic ነበበ (nababa) speak; Sab. תנבא? cf. Levy-Os ^{xix. 1865, 208} CIS ^{iv. 1, 31}; v. in Biblical Aramaic Appendix. Ges Kue al. think weakened form of נבע bubble up, pour forth (of flow of words under excitement of inspiration); Hup Ri Sch cf. נאם; v careful discussions by RS ^{ii, n. 18} Kö^{OB i. 71 ff.})

נָבִיא S TWOT GK₃₀₆ n.m. spokesman, speaker, prophet—נ׳ Gn 20:7 + 155 times; sf. נְבִיאֶ֑ךָ Ex 7:1; pl. נְבִיאִים Nu 11:29 + 82 times; נְבִאִים Je 27:18 + 16 times; sf. נְבִיאַי ψ 105:15; נְבִאָיו 1 K 22:22; נְבִיאָו֯ 2 K 17:13, etc.;— 1. genuine prophet of י׳, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, 1 S 9:9 (antiquarian note); change prob. occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ephr. lit. as applied to Abraham Gn 20:7; Moses Dt 34:10, M. and other early proph. Ho 6:5; 12:11⁽⁾, 14⁽⁾ Am 2:11, 12; of proph. in ecstatic state Nu 12:6 (E), 11:24 (JE). So in Judaic lit., of prophet like Moses Dt 18:15, 18 (D), of Aaron (as mouthpiece of M.) Ex 7:1 (P), of Sam. 1 S 3:20, an unknown Ju 6:8; in time of Sam. proph. were organized in bands: †הֶבֶל נביאים 1 S 10:5, 10; †להקת הנ׳ 1 S 19:20; and in time of Elijah were †בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets’ guilds 1 K 20:35 2 K 2:3, 5, 7, 15; 4:1, 38⁽⁾ נָבִיא of genuine proph. (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only of Jer., Je 1:5; Ezekiel, Ez 2:5 = 33:33; of ancient prophets Je 28:8, 9⁽⁾ Zc 1:6; 8:9; especially †הנביאים הראשׁנים Zc 1:4; 7:7, 12, cf. †עבדי(ו) הנביאים my (his) servants the prophets 2 K 9:7; 17:13, 23; 21:10; 24:2 (all R) Ezr 9:11 Dn 9:10 Je 7:25; 25:4; 26:5; 29:19; 35:15; 44:4 Am 3:7 Zc 1:6, cf. Ez 38:17 Dn 9:6; †עבדוֹ הַנּ׳ his servant the prophet 1 K 14:18 2 K 14:25; הַנָּבִיא with n.pr.: Jer, 2 Ch 36:12 Dn 9:2 + 31 times Je (but G only 4 times, the rest prob. redactional, see Gie^{. xxvii}); Elijah 1 K 18:36 (om G), 2 Ch 21:12 Mal 3:23; Nathan 2 S 7:2 + 10 times S. and K.; 4 times Chr ψ 51:2 (title); Isaiah, 2 K 19:2; 20:1, 14 = Is 37:2; 38:1; 39:1; 2 K 20:11; 2 Ch 26:22; 32:20, 32; Habakkuk Hb 1:1; 3:1 (titles); Haggai, Hg 1:1, 3, 12; 2:1, 10; Zech., Zc 1:1, 7 (titles); elsewhere several others in S., K. and Chr. 15 times; נביא is used elsewhere of genuine proph. only 1 S 9:9 + 34 times S. and K.; 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15, + 13 times Chr.; ψ 74:9 complains of absence of נ׳; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֹן וְנָבִיא Dn 9:24 v. חתם. 2. false prophets: †prophets as official class, beside priests, charact. as false prophets: Is 28:7 Je 2:26; 4:9; 6:13; 8:1, 10; 13:13; 14:18; 18:18; 23:11, 33, 34; 26:7, 8, 11, 16; 32:32 Zc 7:3, app. also 2 K 23:2 Ne 9:32 La 2:20 Je 29:1 Ez 7:26 (in these not characterized); always false (except of ancient and special prophets given above) in Am 7:14 Ho 4:5; 9:7, 8 Mi 3:5, 6, 11 Is 3:2; 9:14; 29:10 Je 2:8, 30; 5:13, 31; 14:13, 14, 15⁽⁾; 23:9 + 16 times; 27:9, 14, 15, 16, 18; 29:8, 15; 37:19 Ez 13:2⁽⁾, 3, 4, 9, 16; 14:4, 7, 9⁽⁾, 10; 22:25, 28 Zp 3:4 La 2:9, 14; 4:13; especially discredited Dt 13:2, 4, 6; 18:20⁽⁾, 22⁽⁾ Zc 13:2, 4, 5; such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Je 28:1, 5, 10, 12, 15, 17 (G omits in all but v 1, where Ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisd. lit., and ψψ (except for special reasons in 3 ψψ given under 1). † 3. heathen prophets 1 K 18:20; 19:1; 2 K 3:13⁽⁾; נביאי האשׁרה 1 K 18:19; נביאי הבעל 1 K 18:19, 22, 25, 40 2 K 10:19; 1 K 22:6, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23 = 2 Ch 18:5, 9, 11, 12, 21, 22.

†[נָבָא S TWOT GK] vb. denom. prophesy (in oldest forms, of religious ecstasy with or without song and music; later, essentially religious instruction, with occasional predictions);—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִבָּא Je 20:1 + 7 times; 2 ms. נִבֵּאתָ Je 20:6 + 2 times; נִבֵּיתָ Je 26:9; 1 s. נִבֵּאתִי Ez 37:7; 3 pl. נִבְּאוּ Je 2:8 + 3 times; נִבָּ֑נוּ Je 23:21; Impf. 3 ms. יִנָּבֵא Am 3:8 + 9 times Impf.; Imv. הִנָּבֵא Am 7:15 + 27 times; Inf. הִנָּבֵא Am 7:13; sf. הִנָֽבְאוֹ Zc 13:3; הִנָּֽבְאֹתוֹ Zc 13:4, + 4 times Inf.; Pt. נִבָּא Je 26:18 + (Ges ^{93 oo});— 1. prophesy under influence of divine spirit: a. in the ecstatic state, with song 1 S 10:11; 19:20 and music 1 Ch 25:1, 2, 3. b. the word of י׳: abs. Am 2:12; 3:8 (emend. יחרד We Now needless), 7:12, 13 Jo 3:1 Je 19:14; 26:18; 28:9; 32:3 Ez 11:13; 12:27; 21:19; 37:7; 38:17 but especially in phr. הִנָּבֵא וְאָמַדְתָּ Ez 12:27; 21:14, 33; 30:2; 34:2; 36:3; 37:7, 12; 38:14, 17; c. acc. Je 20:1; 25:30; 28:6; sq. עַל against Am 7:16 Je 25:13; 26:20 Ez 4:7; 11:4; 13:17; 25:2; 28:21; 29:2; 34:2; 35:2; 36:6; 38:2; 39:1; unto Ez 37:4; אֶל unto Am 7:15 Je 26:11, 12; 28:8 Ez 36:1; 37:9; against 6:2; 13:2; 21:2, 7; בְשֵׁם י׳ Je 11:21; 14:15; 23:25; 26:9. 2. of false prophets: abs. Je 23:21 Ez 13:2 Zc 13:3⁽⁾, 4; c. acc. 1 K 22:12 = 2 Ch 18:11; שֶׁקֶר Je 14:14; 23:25; 27:10, 14, 16; 29:21; לַשָּׁ֑קֶר 27:15; בַּשֶּׁקֶר 5:31; 20:6, 29:9; נִבְּאֵי הַשּׁ׳ 23:26, cf. v 32; c. לְ 14:16; 23:16; 27:15, 16; 29:31; 37:19; sq. אֶל concerning Ez 13:16. 3. cf. heathen prophets, בַּבַּעַל Je 2:8. Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְנַבִּיתָ 1 S 10:6; 1 s. הִנַּבֵּאתִי Ez 37:10; 3 pl. הִנַּבְּאוּ Je 23:13; Impf. יִתְנַבֵּא 1 S 10:10 + 7 times; 3 mpl. יִתְנַבְּאוּ Nu 11:25 + 5 times; Inf. הִתְנַבּוֹת 1 S 10:13; Pt. מִתְנַבֵּא Je 26:20 + 9 times Pt.;— 1. prophesy under influence of divine spirit: a. in the ecstatic state Nu 11:25, 26, 27 (J), with music 1 S 10:5, 6, 10, 13, in frenzy 1 S 19:20, 21⁽⁾, 23, 24; excited to violence 1 S 18:10 ( = מְשֻׁגָּע mad 2 K 9:11); Je 29:26. b. apart from ecstatic state, abs. Ez 37:10, c. לְ 1 K 22:8 Je 29:27; על 1 K 22:18 = 2 Ch 18:17, 2 Ch 18:7; 20:37; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Je 26:20. 2. of heathen prophets of Baal in ecstatic state 1 K 18:29; בַּבַּעַל Je 23:13. 3. of false prophets 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, Je 14:14 Ez 13:17.

†נְבוּאָה S^, TWOT^, GK n.f. prophecy (late: earlier syn. חָזוֹן);— 1. a. specific and genuine 2 Ch 15:8. b. false Ne 6:12. 2. prophetic writing עַל־נְבוּאַת אֲחִיָּה 2 Ch 9:29.

†נְבִיאָה S TWOT GK n.f. prophetess;— 1. a. of the ancient type endowed with gift of song, Miriam Ex 15:20; Deborah Ju 4:4. b. of the later type consulted for a word of י׳, Huldah 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22. 2. false prophetess, Noadiah Ne 6:14. 3. wife of Isaiah Is 8:3.

†[נָבַב S TWOT GK] vb. hollow out (cf. Assyrian imbubu, flute, Dl ⁴⁴³, NH אַבּוּב id., Aramaic ܐܰܒܽܘܒܳܐ (˒abubo) אַבּוּבָא id.; hence also Arabic أَنْبُوبٌ (˒anbūbun) knots in reed, part of reed between knots, reed; vid. Hoffm ^{1882, 321} Frä ²³ Fl in Levy^{TW i. 417});—Qal Pt. pass. נָבוּב Jb 11:12 Je 52:21; נְבוּב Ex 27:8; 38:7;—hollowed, hollow: of altar of tabern. נְבוּב לֻחוֹת Ex 27:8; 38:7 (P); of pillar in temple Je 52:21; fig. אִישׁ נָבוּב Jb 11:12; i.e. empty, hollow-minded man.

נֹ֫בֶה v. נֹב

†i. נְבוֹ S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.loc. (prob. connex., at least for 2, with (Bab.) god Nebo, Nabû, cf. ii. נְבוֹ and Bae ^{15, 89, 259}; yet not certain, Nö ^{xiii. 1888, 470} comp. Arabic النَبَاوَةُ (˒l-nabāwatu) the height, etc.): G Ναβαυ;— 1. a. city in Moab Nu 32:3, 38 (where assigned to Reuben; both JE = נבה MI ¹⁴) Is 15:2 Je 48:1, 22 1 Ch 5:8; prob. on or near Mt. Nebo (v. infr.), cf. Buhl ^{266 f.} Tristr^{Moab 338}. b. city in Judah, בְּנֵי נ׳ Ezr 2:29 = אַנְשֵׁי נ׳ אַחֵר Ne 7:34 (the men of the other N., so disting.—si. אחד vera l, cf. Ryle—from a? or from another נֹב?), Ezr 10:43;—this נבו in Judah perhaps = נֹב 1 q.v. 2. mt. in Moab, where Moses dies Nu 33:47 Dt 32:49 (הַר־נְבוֹ), 34:1 (id.; all P), six miles W. of Heshbon according to Onom. (ed. Lag²⁸³). Prob. = mod. Nebâ at NE. corner of Dead Sea, Survey ^{i. 198 ff.} GASm ^{562 ff.} Buhl ^{266 f.} Tristr^{Moab 318, 338} Merrill^{E. of Jordan, 242 ff.}—Cf. פִּסְגָּה.

†ii. נְבוֹ S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.div. Nebo (loan-wd. in Heb., cf. Ph. n.pr.m. נבו; = Assyrian Nabû, Schr ^and Is 46:1 Jastrow ^{124 ff.} Jen Tiele^{Assyrian u. 532 f.} Say ^{112 ff.} (cf. Palm. n.pr. נבוזבד, ברנבו Vog ⁷³), and this perhaps √ nabû, call, name, v. נבא);—Babylonian god כָּרַע בֵּל קֹרֵס נְבוֹ Is 46:1.

†נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן S GK n.pr.m. (= Nabû-zêr-iddin, Nebo hath given seed, Schr ^{2 K 25, 8});—general of Nebuchadrezzar, always entitled רַב־טַבָּחִים 2 K 25:8, 11, 20 = Je 52:12, 15, 26; Je 39:9, 10, 11, 13; 40:1; 41:10; 43:6; 52:16, 30.

†נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר S GK and (incorrectly) נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (v. also infr.) n.pr.m. Nebuchadrezzar, Nebuchadnezzar (Bab. Nabû-kudurri-uṣur = (prob.) Nebo, protect the boundary! Dl^{Calwer BL} Budge (on kudurru, boundary, v Dl ³¹⁹); poss. is also crown, and so Schr ^{2 K 24, 1}; Jäger ^{i. 471} proposes (thy) servant);—G Ναβον-χοδονος(ς)ορ; Can. Ptol Ναβοκολασσαρον Schr ⁴⁹⁰, Abydenos etc. Ναβουκοδρόσορος, v. Schr^{ib. 2 K 24, 1};—the great king of Babylon (reigned b. c. 605–562), who captured Jerus. and carried Judah captive: most often נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל (נ׳ often om. in G Je 21:2, 7 (but om. G Gie), 22:25; 25:1, 9; 29:21; 32:28; 34:1 (v. Baer’s note; van d. H נבוכדנ׳), 35:11; 37:1; 39:1, 5 (v. on 34:1), v 11 43:10; 44:30; 46:2, 13, 26; 49:30; 50:17; 51:34; 52:4, 12 Ez 26:7; 29:18, 19, 30:10; so Qr Je 49:28 (Kt נבוכדראצור מ׳ ב׳); נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֑ (מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל om.) Je 32:1; 52:28, 29, 30. Spelt corruptly with n, נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מ׳ ב׳ (cf. Schr 2 K 24, 1 n.) 2 Ch 36:6 Dn 1:1 Je 27:6, 8, 20; 28:3; 29:3 Ezr 2:1 Qr (Kt נבוכדנצור מ׳ ב׳, cf. Je 49:28 supr.); נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר alone 2 Ch 36:7, 10, 13 (הַמֶּלֶךְ נ׳), Je 29:1; מ׳ ב׳ נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר 2 K 24:1, 10, 11; 25:1, 8, 22 Je 28:11, 14; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר֑ 1 Ch 5:41; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מ׳ ב׳ Ne 7:6 Est 2:6; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר Ezr 1:7 (מ׳ ב׳ om.), נְבֻכַדְנֶצָּר Dn 2:1⁽⁾, נְבֻכַדְנֶצֶּר֑ 1:18 (v. also Tobit 14:5, Jud 1:1 + often, as G supr.)—On N. v. further Tiele^-Assyrian Gesch. 421 ff., 454 ff.

†נְבוּשַׁזְבַֿן n.pr.m. (Nabû-šêzibanni, O Nebo, deliver me, Schr Je 39:13);—officer of Nebuchadrezzar, called רַב־סָרִיס (q.v.) Je 39:13.

נָבוֹת S GK₂₂ n.pr.m. a Jezreelite;—1 K 21:1, 2, 3 + 16 times 1 K 21; 2 K 9:21, 25, 26. G Ναβουθαι.

†[נָבַח S TWOT GK] vb. bark (of dogs) (NH id.; Arabic نَبَحَ (nabaḥa); Ethiopic ነብሐ (nabḥa); Aramaic ܢܒܰܚ (nbaḥ), נְבַח);—Qal Inf. cstr. only כֻּלָּם כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לִנְבֹּחַ Is 56:10 fig. of helpless prophets.

†נֹ֫בַח S GK^, n.pr.m. et loc. 1. m. a Manassite Nu 32:42 (JE), G Ναβαν. 2. loc. in Gilead Ju 8:11, G Ναβαι, Ναβε(θ); Nu 32:42 (formerly קְנָת, q.v.), G Ναβωθ.

†נִבְחַז S GK n.pr.div. god men of Avva, 2 K 17:31; name otherwise unknown, cf. Sch ^{ad loc.}; GB τὴν Ἐβλαζερ, GL Ἐβλαιεζερ, A Ἀβααζερ καὶ τὴν Ναιβας; Thes comp. Mand. denom. ܢܒܰܙ (nbaz) = נבאז (Cod. Nasar. Norberg) Codd. give variant נבחן cf. Baer^{ad loc.} Frensdorff^{Mas. Magna. i. 306}.

†[נָבַט S TWOT GK] vb.Pi., Hiph. look (NH Pi. id.; Arabic نَبَطَ (nabaṭa) is well or issue forth (of water). Assyrian nabâṭu is shine Dl ⁴⁴³; Sab. epith. נבט protector (? lit. looking with consideration upon Mordt ^{xxx. 1876, 37}); n.pr. נבטאל God has seen, i.e. considered Levy-Os ^{xix. 1865, 231});—Pi. Pf. consec. וְנִבַּט Is 5:30 look (lit.), sq. לְ. Hiph. Pf. הִבִּיט Nu 21:9 + 3 times; וְהִבַּטְתָּ֫ 1 S 2:32, etc.; Impf. יַבִּיט Nu 12:8 + 4 times; וַיַּבֵּט 1 S 17:42 + 4 times, etc.; Imv. הַבֵּט 1 K 18:43 +; הַבֵּיט ψ 142:5 (or Inf. abs.), cf. La 5:1 Kt; הַבִּ֫יטָה ψ 13:4 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַבִּיט Ex 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַבִּיט ψ 104:32;—look: 1. lit., a. human subj., sq. אֶל־ Ex 3:6 (E), Nu 21:9 (JE), Is 8:22 (|| פָּנָה לְמָ֑עְלָה v 21), cf. 51:6, Jon 2:5; sq. עַל־ Hb 2:15; sq. אַחֲרֵי Gn 19:17, 26 (J), Ex 33:8 (E), 1 S 24:9; sq. ה—ָloc., 119:6Gn 15:5 (שָׁמַ֫יְמָה), cf. Jb 35:5 (שָׁמַיִם); sq. דֶּרֶךְ־יָם 1 K 18:43; sq. acc. = look upon, behold Nu 12:8 (E), Is 38:11; abs. Jb 6:19 1 S 17:42 (|| רָאָה), 1 K 18:43; 19:6 (sq. הִנֵּה), 1 Ch 21:21 (|| רָאָה), so ψ 22:18. b. subj. eagle, abs. Jb 39:29 (sq. adv. לְמֵרָחוֹק). 2. fig.: sq. אֶל regard, shew regard to 1 S 16:7 (אֶל־מַרְאֵהוּ), cf. 2 K 3:14 (|| רָאָה); pay attention to, sq. אֶל־ Is 22:8; = consider Is 51:1, 2; look unto י׳, sq. אֶל־ ψ 34:6 (read Imv. pl. G S Che), Is 22:11 Zc 12:10; cf. ψ 119:6 sq. אֶל־כָּל־מִצְוֹת; cf. also Jb 36:25 (abs. sq. מֵרָחוֹק); sq. acc. אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ ψ 119:15, cf. v 18, Is 5:12; sq. acc. אָוֶן Nu 23:21 (|| רָאָה); subj. עֵינִי, וַתַּבֵּט בְּשׁוּרַי בְּ׳ ψ 92:12 see its desire upon, gloat over (cf. רָאָה בְּ), diff. 1 S 2:32; sq. acc. adv. ψ 142:5 (יָמִין to the right; || רָאָה); abs. Is 42:18 (sq. לִרְאוֹת of purpose); 63:5 Hb 1:5 (|| רָאָה), so ψ 91:8 (בְּעֵינֶיךָ), cf. Pr 4:25, sq. לְנֹכַח (subj. עֵינֶיךָ; || יַיְשִׁרוּ נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ). 3. subj. י׳: sq. אֶל + מִשָּׁמַיִם ψ 102:20; sq. אֶל־ = look upon, i.e. endure to see Hb 1:13 (|| רָאָה); so sq. acc. v 13, cf. 1:3 (or causat. Ew; || תַּרְאֵנִי); sq. לְ, ψ 104:32 Jb 28:24; ψ 74:20 (לַבְּרִית); sq. acc. Is 64:8 (|| הֵן), La 3:63 ψ 10:14 (|| רָאָה); = regard, shew regard to, Is 5:12 Am 5:22 ψ 84:10 La 4:16, cf. ψ 13:4; sq. אֶל־ id. Is 66:2; abs. ψ 94:9 i.e. have power of sight, Is 18:4; sq. מִשָּׁמַיִם ψ 33:13; 80:15 Is 63:15 (|| רָאָה), La 1:11 (|| רָאָה), so v 12; 2:20; 5:1.

†[מַבָּט S TWOT GK] n.m. Zc 9:5 expectation = object of hope or confidence (lit. thing looked to);—sf. מַבָּטֵנוּ Is 20:6, מַבָּטָס v 5, מֶבָּטָהּ Zc 9:5;—of Cush as ally of Judah Is 20:5, 6; of Tyre as ally of Philistia Zc 9:5.

†נְבָט S GK n.pr.m. father of Jerob. I (cf. Sab. נבט, נבטאל, v. נָבַט supr.);—only in phrase יָֽרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט 1 K 11:26; 12:2, 15; 15:1; 16:3, 26, 31; 21:22; 22:53 2 K 3:3; 9:9; 10:29; 13:2, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 18, 24, 28; 17:21; 23:15 2 Ch 9:29; 10:2, 15; 13:6. G Ναβαθ, Ναβατ.

†נְבָיוֹת S GK n.pr.gent. (Nab. נבטו = Nabataean and Nabataeans, Eut ^{1, 4} and often, cf. נבט of Jewish trad. Nö ^{xxv. 1871, 124}, נבט T Is 60:7 (on form of name, and on ט = ת cf. Lag ^{51 f.}); in Assyrian Nabaitai, etc., Schr Gn 25:13;^{KGF 99 ff.} Dl ^{296 f.});—as (eldest) son of Ishmael (brother of Kedar) Gn 25:13; 28:9; 36:3 (all P), 1 Ch 1:29; people (|| Kedar) Is 60:7, cf. Nabataei + Cedrei Plin ^{11, 65}; G Ναβαιωθ; Gk. Ναβαταῖοι.—See further Nö ^{xxv. 1871, 122f.} Eut ^{p. 78} GASm ^547–629

†[נֵ֫בֶךְ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] spring (si vera l.) (√ unknown);—only pl. cstr. נִבְכֵי־יָם Jb 38:16 the springs, sources of the ocean (|| חֵ֫קֶר תְּהוֹם);—Ol Siegf נִבְלֵי; Bu suggests נבעי = מַכֻּעֵי as poss.; but Gr Perles read נִבְכֵי Jb 28:11, also, for Mass. מִבְּכִי, cf. נָהָר 2.

† I.נבל TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning dubious).

i. נֵ֫בֶל S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. Je 13:12 1. skin-bottle, skin; 2. jar, pitcher;—נֵ֫בֶל abs. 1 S 10:5 +; cstr. v 3 + (on נֶבֶל v. Baer 1 S 1, 24);— 1. skin of wine, נֵ֫בֶל יַיִן 1 S 1:24; 10:3 2 S 16:1, cf. also Je 13:12⁽⁾; pl. נִבְלֵי יַיִן 1 S 25:18: fig. נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם Jb 38:37 i.e. clouds (|| שְׁחָקִים). 2. earthen jar, pitcher: fig. of connexions of Eliakim בְּלֵי נְבָלִים Is 22:24; נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵּ֑צוּ Je 48:12 (|| כֵּלִים יָרִוקוּ) in fig. of Moab (cf. ψ 2:9); נִבְלֵי־חֶרֶשׂ La 4:2 sim. of men of Judah (|| מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי יוֹצֵר); sim. of destruction of Judah, שֵׁבֶר נֵ֫בֶל יוֹצְרִים Is 30:14.

†ii. נֵ֫בֶל S TWOT^, GK^, , נֶ֫בֶל n.m. ψ 57:9 a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar (with bulging resonance-body at lower end); (perhaps = i. נֵבֶל, and then shape seems to favour lute; perhaps independent word, e.g. Egyptian loan-word, cf. nfr, lute, We ²²²);—abs. נֵ֫בֶל 1 S 10:5 + 3 times, נֶ֫בֶל ψ 71:22 + 3 times; נָ֑בֶל Am 6:5 + 2 times; pl. נְבָלִים 2 S 6:5 + 4 times; sf. נְבָלֶיךָ Am 5:23 Is 14:11;—harp (or lute), played at feasts and religious ceremonies, probably less simple, cheap and common than כִּנּוֹר (q.v.; often named with נ׳):— as mark of luxury, revelry Am 5:23; 6:5 Is 14:11, so 5:12 (כִּנּוֹר נ׳ תֹּף חָלִיל, also (not in bad sense) 1 K 10:12; played by wandering band of prophets 1 S 10:5 (list as Is 5:12); in worship 2 S 6:5; elsewhere only ψψ Chr. always in worship: ψ 57:9; 81:3; 92:4; 108:3; 150:3; כְּלִי נֶבֶל 71:22; נ׳ עָשׂוֹר a harp with ten strings 33:2; 144:9; 1 Ch 13:8; 15:16, 20, 28; 16:5 (כְּלֵי נְבָלִים), 25:1, 6 2 Ch 5:12; 9:11; 20:28; 29:25 Ne 12:27.—Cf. further Benz ^{273 ff.} Now ^{i. 273 ff.} Dr ^{Amos 234 ff.} We ^{222 ff.}

†II. נָבַל S TWOT^, GK vb. be senseless, foolish (NH נְבָלָה, נַבְלוּת of immodesty; Arabic نَبُلَ (nabula) = (per contra) be noble, distinguished, نَبَلَ (nabala) also be gracious (Frey); Aramaic נְבַל Pa. reject, despise, v. T Ne 3:6; Je 14:21; in deriv. as NH);—Qal Pf. 2 ms. נָבַלְתָּ Pr 30:32 if thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself (opp. וַמּוֹתָ). Qal = be foolish †Pr 30:32 is doubted by Frankenberg Toy (where see various renderings), al., who think text crpt. Pi. Pf. 1 s. sf. consec. וְנִבַּלְתִּיךְ Na 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְנַבֵּל Dt 32:15; 2 ms. תְּנַבֵּל Je 14:21; Pt. מִנַבֵּל Mi 7:6;—regard or treat as a נָבָל (q.v.), i.e. with contumely, c. acc.: בֵּן מְנַבֵּל אָב Mi 7:6 son treateth father as a fool (with contumely); וַיְנ׳ צוּר Dt 32:15 and he treated with contumely the Rock of his salvation (i.e. י׳; || נטשׁ); י׳ subj., Na 3:6 I will treat thee (Nineveh) with contumely (|| וְהִשְׁלַכְתִּ֫י עָלַיִךְ שִׁקֻּצִים); Je 14:21 do not treat with contumely the throne of thy glory (|| נאץ).

†i. נָבָל S^, TWOT GK^, adj. foolish, senseless, especially of the man who has no perception of ethical and religious claims, and with collat. idea of ignoble, disgraceful;—abs. נ׳ 2 S 3:33 + 14 times; mpl. נְבָלִים 13:13 Ez 13:3 (G Co מִלִּבָּם); fpl. נְבָלוֹת Jb 2:10;—senseless, especially of religious and moral insensibility: עַם נ׳ Dt 32:6 (of Isr., unappreciative of J.’s benefits; opp. חָכָם), so of heathen nation ψ 74:18 (blaspheming name of י׳), גּוֹי נ׳ Dt 32:21 (|| לֹא עָם); הַנְּבִאִים הַנּ׳ Ez 13:3 (si vera l., v. supr.); elsewhere as subst. (impious and presumptuous) fool, Is 32:5 (opp. נָדִיב noble-minded), characterized as at once irreligious and churlish, v 6; denying God ψ 14:1 = 53:2; insulting God 74:22, and God’s servant 39:9; Pr 17:7 arrogant speech becometh not the (impious and presumptuous) fool (whose faults it only makes the more conspicuous), much less do lying lips him that is noble (נדיב), v 21 (|| כְּסִיל), 30:22 ונבל כי ישׂבע לחם (one of the things under which the earth trembles), בְּנֵי נָבָל Jb 30:8 i.e. ignoble men (|| בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם); as one who might be expected to have a contumelious end, הַכְּמוֹת נ׳ ימות אבנר 2 S 3:33 was Abner (destined) to die, as a נ׳ dieth? of the man who amasses riches unjustly ובאחריתו יהיה נבל Je 17:11 i.e. will prove himself to be a נ׳; as acting immorally (with collat. idea of disgracefully) 2 S 13:13 ואתה תהיה כְּאַחַד הַנְּבָלִים בישׂראל (cf. נְבָלָה); f. only in כְּדַבֵּר אַחַת הַנְּבָלוֹת Jb 2:10 (of Job’s wife). Cf. Dr Dt 22:21, 32:6, 15, 21; ⁴⁵⁷.

ii. נָבָל S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. (on popular etymol. see 1 S 25:25 infr.);—a churlish man of Carmel, whose widow David married 1 S 25:3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 14, 19, 25⁽⁾ (כִּשְׁמוֹ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָל שְׁמוֹ וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ), v 26 + 10 times 1 S + 2 S 2:2; 3:3. G Ναβαλ.

†נְבָלָה S TWOT GK n.f. senselessness (as shewn in disregard of moral and religious claims), especially of disgraceful sins; also disgrace;—always abs. נ׳;— 1. disgraceful folly, especially of sins of unchastity Ju 19:23 (wanton deed GFM), so דְּבַר הַנּ׳ הַוֹּאת v 24, 2 S 13:12; often עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל i.e. do a thing disgraceful according to Isr.’s standard: Gn 34:7 (J), Dt 22:21 (cf. Dr on meaning of wd.; only here of woman), Ju 20:6 ( + זִמָּה), v 10 Je 29:23 (cf. לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה כֵּן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל 2 S 13:12); also of inhospitable churlishness 1 S 25:25 (v. i, ii. נָבָל, and especially Is 32:6); of profane action Jos 7:15 (Achan; עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל); of senseless and irreligious language Is 9:16 דֹּבֵר, 32:6 (יְדַבֵּר). 2. contumely, disgrace עֲשׂוֹת עִמָּכֶם נ׳ Jb 42:8 (of י׳), i.e. deal out to you disgrace, expose you and punish you as נְכָלִים (cf. 2 S 3:33, sub נָבָל), because of your utterances about me.

†נַבְלוּת S TWOT GK n.f. immodesty, shamelessness, lewdness of Isr. under fig. of adulteress Ho 2:12.

†נָבֵל S TWOT GK vb. sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade (NH id.; Assyrian nabâlu, destroy, Dl ^{443 f.} Arabic نَبَلَ (nabala) v, viii. die; Aramaic נְבֵילָא corpse);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Is 40:7, 8 Je 8:13; 3 fs. נָבְֽלָה Is 24:4⁽⁾; Impf. 3 ms. יִבּוֹל ψ 1:3 + 4 times (on form cf. Ges ^{47 h} Ol ^{§ 911 e, 912.2}), 2 ms. תִּכֹּל Ex 18:18; 3 mpl. יִבֹּלוּ 2 S 22:46 = ψ 18:46, יִבּוֹל֑וּן ψ 37:2; 1 pl. וַנָּ֫בֶל Is 64:5 (on form cf. Di and Ol ^{236 e}); Inf. abs. נָבֹל Ex 18:18; cstr. נְבֹל Is 34:4; Pt. נֹבֵל Is 28:1, 4; f. נֹבֶ֫לֶת abs. Is 34:4; cstr. Is 1:30;— 1. sink or drop down, from exhaustion נָבֹל תִּבֹּל Ex 18:18 (Moses and Isr.); from discouragement 2 S 22:46 = ψ 18:46 (of foreigners, foes of Isr.); of mt. הַר־נֹפֵל יִבּוֹל Jb 14:18 (but נָפוֹל יִפּוֹל Lag ^{Proph. Chald.} Siegf Baer, after G, so Bu [or יִבְלֶה]; Du נָבוֹל יִבּוֹל). 2. usually droop like a leaf, or flower wither and fall, fade: כְּאֵלָה נֹבֶ֫לֶת עָלֶ֑הָ Is 1:30 like an oak falling as to its leaves (sim. of people of Jerus.); the host of heaven יִבּוֹל כִּנְבֹל עָלֶה מִגֶפֶן וּכְנֹבֶלֶת מִתְּאֵנָה Is 34:4; לֹא יִבּ׳ עָלֵהוּ Ez 47:12 (trees in Ezek.’s vision), so fig. of good man ψ 1:3; of Isr. Je 8:13, וַ֫נָּבֶל כֶּעָלֶה Is 64:5; also נָבֵל צִיץ 40:7, 8 (both || יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר), צִיץ נֹבֵל 28:1, cf. v 4; of wicked כְּיֶרֶק דֶּשֶׁא יִבּ׳ ψ 37:2 (|| כֶּחָצִיר יִמָּ֑לוּ); of devastated earth אָֽבְלָה נָֽבְלָה הָאָרֶץ אֻמְלְלָה נָֽבְלָה תֵּבֵ֑ל Is 24:4.

†נְבֵלָה S TWOT GK n.f. carcass, corpse (as inert, flabby);—נ׳ abs. 1 K 13:24 +; cstr. נִבְלַת v 29 +; sf. נְבֵלָתִי Is 26:19; נִבְלָֽתְךָ Dt 28:26 1 K 13:22; נִבְלָתוֹ Jos 8:29 + 6 times; נִבְלָתָהּ Lv 11:39, 40⁽⁾; נִבְלָתָם Is 5:25 + 14 times;—carcass, corpse: 1. a. human (not in Ez P, (H), which use פֶּגֶר); Jos 8:29 (JE), 1 K 13:22, 24⁽⁾, 25⁽⁾, 28⁽⁾, 29, 30 2 K 9:37 Je 26:23; 36:30 Dt 21:23; 28:26; coll. corpses Is 5:25; 26:19 (wish for restoration to life), Je 7:33; 9:21; 16:4; 19:7; 34:20 ψ 79:2. b. of lifeless idols, coll. נִבְלַת שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם וגו׳ Je 16:18. 2. of animals (clean and unclean, wild animals, cattle, birds and reptiles, chiefly Lv Ez), Dt 14:8; Lv 5:2⁽⁾ 11:8, 11, 24, 25, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38; 17:15 (all P); נ׳ specif. = body of animal dying of itself Dt 14:21; Lv 7:24; 11:39, 40⁽⁾ (P), 22:8 (H), Ez 4:14; 44:31.

†נְבַלָּ֑ט S GK n.pr.loc. place where Benjamites dwelt Ne 11:34. GL Ναβαλατ. Mod. Beit Nebâlâ, 6 m. NE. from Lydda, according to Guérin ^{ii. 67 f.}; Mishn. בית נבלטא Buhl ^{12; 197}.

†[נָבַע S TWOT GK] vb. flow, spring, bubble up, poet. and late (NH id. (rare); Assyrian nabû, id., Dl ⁴⁴²; Arabic نَبَعَ (naba˓a) well or issue forth (of water); Aramaic ܢܒܰܥ (nba˓), נְבַע; Ethiopic ነብዐ (nab˓a) ii. weep, አንብዕ (˒anbə˓) tear(s));—Qal Pt. נַ֫חַל נֹבֵעַ Pr 18:4 a flowing wady, metaph. of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה. Hiph. Impf. יַבִּיעַ ψ 19:3 + 3 times; אַבִּ֫יעָה ψ 78:2 Pr 1:23; יַבִּ֫יעוּ ψ 94:4; 145:7; יַבִּיעוּן ψ 59:8; 3 fpl. תַּבַּ֫עְנָה ψ 119:171;— pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth: 1. pour out, fig. אַבִּיעָה לָכֶם רוּחִי Pr 1:23 (|| אוֹדִ֫יעָה דְבָרַי אֶתְכֶם). 2. cause to bubble, ferment זְבוּבֵי מָ֫וֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ Ec 10:1. 3. fig., usually of speech, pour forth, emit, belch forth, emphat. expression: פִּי רְשָׁעִים יַבִּיעַ רָעוֹת Pr 15:28 (opp. לֵב צַדִּיק יֶהְגֶּה לַעֲנוֹת) i.e. the righteous considers before he speaks, the wicked bursts out with reckless utterance; פִּי כְסִילִים יַבִּיעַ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 15:2 (opp. לְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים תֵּיטִיב דָּ֑עַת); יַבִּ֫יעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק ψ 94:4 (|| יִתְאַמְּרוּ כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אֶ֑וֶן); יַבּ׳ בְּפִיהֶם 59:8 (|| חֲרָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶם) in good sense, אַבִּ֫יעָה חִידוֹת 78:2 (|| אֶפְתְּחָה בְּמָשָׁל פִּי); תַּבַּעְנָה שְׂפָתַי תְּהִלָּה 119:171; זֵכֶר רַב־טוּבְךָ יַבִּ֑יעוּ 145:7 (|| וְצִדְקָֽתְךָ יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ, cf. also v 6); metaph. יוֹם לְיוֹם יַבּ׳ אֹמֶר 19:3, i.e. though silent, it really pours forth speech.

†מַבּוּעַ S TWOT GK n.[m.] spring of water (Assyrian namba˒u Dl ⁴⁴², Arabic مَنْبَعٌ (manba˓un), Syriac ܡܰܒܽܘܥ (mabu˓));—abs. מ׳ Ec 12:6; pl. cstr. מַבּעֵי מַיִם Is 35:7; 49:10 (for returning exiles).

נִבְשָׁן S GK v. בשׁן.

נגב TWOT (√ of foll. = be dry, parched, NH נָגַב, Aramaic ܢܓܶܒ (ngeb), נְגוּב, נְגִיב.)

†נֶ֫גֶב S TWOT GK n.[m.] south-country, Negeb, south (cf. Lag ⁷⁸);—נ׳ abs. Gn 20:1 +; cstr. Jos 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Gn 13:14 +;— 1. south-country, i.e. a. specif. the region S. of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined (see cities in it Jos 15:21–32), but c. from hills S. of Hebron to Ḳadesh, אֶרֶץ הַנּ׳ Gn 20:1 (E), 24:62 (J), Nu 13:29 (JE), Ju 1:15 Jos 15:19; alm. = n.pr. הַנּ׳, הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Gn 12:9; 13:1 Nu 13:17, 22; 21:1 (all J), Dt 34:3 (JE), Dt 1:7 Jos 10:40; 11:16; 12:8 (all D), Nu 33:40 Jos 15:21 (both P), Ju 1:9 1 S 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound G (ἀργαβ) Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Je 13:19; 17:26; 32:44; 33:13 Zc 7:7 Ob 20 ψ 126:4 (sim.), Ez 21:3a ( = Judah); נ׳ (no art.) Gn 13:3 (J), 1 S 30:1, Is 30:6 (cf. Di); of particular districts in the Negeb: נ׳ עֲרָד Ju 1:16 (cf. GFM), נ׳ יְהוּדָה etc. 1 S 27:10⁽⁾ (cf. Dr), 30:14⁽⁾ 2 S 24:7 2 Ch 28:18; v. also Zc 14:10; רָמָת נ׳ Jos 19:8, רָמוֹת נ׳ 1 S 30:27; coll. c. pl. vb. = people of south-land Ob 19. b. land S. of Babylon Is 21:1 (cf. Di). c. = Egypt Dn 11:5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 25⁽⁾, 29, 40 (v. Meinh Bev Behrm, cf. v 43). 2. hence south (opp. N., E., W.) Gn 13:14; 28:14 (both J), Jos 17:10 (P), 1 K 7:25 = 2 Ch 4:4, 1 Ch 9:24; 26:15, 17 (cf. v 14, 16, 18), Ez 21:3b, 9 Dn 8:4, 9, further 1 K 7:39 Zc 14:4; פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Ex 26:18, cf. 27:9; 36:23; 38:9; 40:24 (of S. side of tabernacle); שַׁ֫עַר נ׳ Ez 46:9⁽⁾; פְּאַת נ׳ south side or border Nu 34:3; 35:5 Jos 18:15 (all P), Ez 47:19, cf. v 19 48:16, 28, 33; גְּבוּל נ׳ south boundary Nu 34:3 Jos 15:2, 4; 18:19 (all P), cf. מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ (הַגְּבוּל) on the south of Nu 34:4⁽⁾ Jos 15:3 (אֶל־מִנּ׳ לְ), v 3, 7; 18:13 (all P), Ju 21:19; מִנּ׳ abs. on the south Jos 18:5 (JE), 19:34 (P), 1 S 14:5 Ez 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנּ׳ Jos 15:8, cf. 18:13, 16 (all P); נֶ֫גְבָּה 15:1, 2; 18:14⁽⁾, 19 (all P), 2 Ch 4:10 Ez 21:2 (Co; ℌ נגב), 48:10, 17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Jos 17:9 (P).—For נ׳ כִּנְּרוֹת 11:2 read נֶגֶד (G Di).

[נָגַד S TWOT GK] vb. be conspicuous (NH in deriv.; Ph. n.pr.m. נגד; Arabic نَجَدَ (najada) conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; نَجْدٌ (najdun) high land or country; نَجُدَ (najuda) be courageous, vigorous, effective, نَجِدٌ (najidun) courageous, efficient; Aramaic ܢܓܰܕ (ngad), נְגַד drag, draw, lead; ܢܳܓܽܘܕܳܐ (nogudo), נָגוֹדָא leader; Ethiopic ነገደ (nagada) is travel);—Hiph.₃₂₈ Pf. הִגִּיד Gn 3:11 +, 3 fs. הִגִּ֫ידָה 1 S 25:19 +, הִגַּדְתָּ Gn 12:8 +, etc.; Impf. יַגִּיד 1 S 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Gn 9:22 +; sf. יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Is 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Je 9:11; יַגֵּֽדְךָ Dt 32:7 (juss.), etc.; Imv. הַגֵּד 2 S 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Gn 29:15 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הַגֵּד Ju 14:12 + 2 times; הַגִּיד Je 36:16; cstr. לְהַגִּיד Gn 32:6 +; לגיד 2 K 9:15 Kt (Qr לְהַגּ׳); Pt. מַגִּיד Gn 41:24; +; f. מַגֶּ֫דֶת Est 2:20; pl. cstr. מַגִּידֵי Ju 14:19;—declare, tell [usually sq. לְ of indir. obj. Gn 3:11 + often; ins. also 1 S 12:7 2 S 13:34 G Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu, so HPS 2 S 13:34 (1 S 12:7 he foll. ℌ as more diff.); sq. אֶל Ex 19:9 1 S 3:15; sq. לִפְנֵי 1 S 17:31 ψ 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Jb 21:31; בְּאָזֶנֵי Je 36:20; sq. בְּ loc. (instead of indir. obj.) chiefly proph. Je 4:5; 5:20; 31:10 +; also 1 S 4:13 2 S 1:20 2 K 9:15 Mi 1:10; rarely sq. acc. pers. 2 S 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS (indef. subj.), or ולד׳ הֻגַּד We Dr Kit, G B Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2 K 7:9, 11 Ez 43:10 Jb 17:5; 26:4; 31:37; sq. dir. obj. in acc. Gn 45:13 + often; sq. cl. wi. כִּי Gn 3:11 + often; sq. cl. wi. אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Est 3:4; 6:2; sq. cl. wi. מָה Gn 29:15 Ju 16:15 Est 8:1 +; sq. cl. wi. מִי 2 K 6:11; sq. cl. wi. אֵיכָה Ct 1:7, once sq. cl. wi. הֲ Gn 43:6, etc.; often no dir. obj., sq. לֵאמֹר Ex 13:8 1 S 25:14 +; sq. וַיּאֹמֶר Gn 47:1 +; אמר then foll. by orat. rect.; הִגּ׳ alone sq. orat. rect. Zc 9:12; sq. עַל concerning, 1 S 27:11 Est 6:2; often indir. obj. om. 1 S 24:19 +; dir. obj. om. Ju 13:10 +; both om. Lv 5:1 + ]. In Hex. rarely P, †Lv 5:1; 14:35 Ex 16:22†; J, Gn 3:11; 12:18 Ex 13:8 + 18 times; E, Gn 21:6; 31:20; 41:25 + 15 times; D, Dt 17:9; 26:3; 30:18 + 5 times;— 1. tell, announce, report, usually human subj. Gn 9:22; 24:23; 32:6 Lv 14:35 Ju 13:6 1 S 3:18 1 K 1:23 Ne 2:12 Est 2:10⁽⁾ Jb 12:7 ψ 142:3 Is 19:12 Je 5:20 Ez 24:19 + 2. declare, make known, expound, especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious, Gn 3:11; 12:18, etc.; 1 K 10:3 = 2 Ch 9:2; a riddle Ju 14:12, 15, 16⁽⁾, 19; dream Dn 2:2; secret Jb 11:6, etc.; of י׳ as revealing, Gn 41:25 2 S 7:11 2 K 4:27 Mi 6:8 Je 42:3 ψ 147:19; of declaring by י׳’s agents Dt 5:5 Mi 3:8 1 S 15:16 2 S 24:13 Je 50:28 Is 58:1; by divin. Ho 4:12. 3. inform of (play the informer concerning) Jos 2:14, 20 Je 20:10 Jb 17:5 Lv 5:1 Pr 29:24. 4. publish, declare, proclaim, especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of י׳ (especially ψψ): ψ 9:12; 22:32; 51:17; 92:3, 16; 145:4 +, subj. heavens ψ 19:2; 50:6; 97:6; Is 42:12; 57:12. 5. avow, acknowledge, confess: Is 3:9 ψ 38:19, cf. Is 48:6.—Pt. = messenger 2 S 15:13 Je 51:31⁽⁾ cf. הַנַּ֫עַר הַמַּגִּיד 2 S 1:5, 6, 13; הָאִישׁ הַמּ׳ 2 S 18:11. †Hoph. Pf. הֻגַּד Jos 9:24 +; Impf. וַיֻּגַּד Gn 22:20 +; Inf. abs. הֻגֵּד Jos 9:24 Ru 2:11;—be told, announced, reported, always sq. לְ (sometimes impers., logical subj. in acc., cf. Gn 27:42 2 S 21:11, c. fem. Is 21:2; not in P): Gn 27:42 (J), 31:22 (E), Dt 17:4 Jos 9:24⁽⁾ (D), Ru 2:11⁽⁾ Ju 9:25 2 S 10:17; 19:2; 21:11 1 K 10:7; 18:13 1 Ch 19:17 2 Ch 9:6 Is 21:2; 40:21; sq. לֵאמר Gn 22:20; 38:13, 24 (all J), Jos 10:17 (JE), 1 S 15:12; 19:19 2 S 6:12 1 K 1:51 2 K 6:13; 8:7 Is 7:2; sq. cl. with כִּי Ex 14:5 (J), Ju 9:47 1 S 23:7, 13 27:4 1 K 2:29, 41.

נֶ֫גֶד S^, TWOT^, GK₁₅₁ subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to, נֶ֑גֶד, cstr. נֶגֶד, sf. נֶגְדִּי ψ 38:11 +, נֶגְדְּךָ 38:10 +, etc.; with ה loc. נֶ֫גְדָּה †ψ 116:14, 18;— 1. as adv. accus. in front of, a. locally (rather stronger and distincter than לִפְנֵי), (a) Gn 31:32 נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּר־נָא in front of our brethren own it, now, v 37 47:15 ולמה נמות נגדך why should we die in thy sight? Ex 19:2 Isr. encamped נגד ההר in front of the mountain, 34:10 נגד כל־עמך אעשׂה נִפְלָאֹת before, in sight of, all thy people (cf. ψ 78:12), Jos 3:16 the people passed over נגד ירחו in front of J., 1 K 20:27, etc.; Ne 3:23 in front of their house, v 29; (כל) נגד ישׂראל Dt 31:11 Jos 8:35 1 S 15:30 2 S 12:12 +; 1 K 21:13 testify נֶנֶד הָעָם; נגד י׳ 1 S 12:3; 16:6 י׳ מְשִׁיחוֹ אַךְ נֶגֶד, so נֶגְדִּי ψ 89:37, נֶגְדּוֹ 18:13; נגד השׁמשׁ Nu 25:4 2 S 12:12; ψ 22:26 נ׳ יראיו, 52:11 so poet. נֶגְדָּה לְ ψ 116:14, 18); hostilely, Jb 10:17; with collat. idea of to the mortification of, ψ 23:5; 31:20, cf. Jo 1:16; with collat. idea of being open or known to, Pr 15:11 שׁאול ואבדון נגד י׳, Jb 26:6; ψ 38:10 נגדך כל־תאותי (|| ממך לא נסתרה), 69:20 (|| יָדַעְתָּ), 119:168; 138:1 Is 59:12; so נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיוּ Ho 7:2 (b) with reflex. sf., and vb. of motion, to go in front of oneself, i.e. straightforward, Jos 6:5 ועלו העם אישׁ נגדו each straightforward, v 20 Am 4:3 Je 31:39 Ne 12:37, cf. Pr 4:25. b. mentally, = vividly present to, ψ 38:18 ומכאובי נגדי חמיד, 44:16; 51:5 וחטאתי נגדי תמיד, 109:15 נ׳ י׳ (remembered by): nearly = בְּעֵינָיו, כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ Is 40:17 ψ 39:6; so וְנ׳ פְּנֵיהֶם נְבוֹנִים Is 5:21. But Ex 10:10 כי רעה נגד פניכם before your face is = in your view, or purpose (cf. לא אשׁית לְנֶגֶד עֵינַי דבר־בליעל ψ 101:3).

2. With preps.: a. †כְּנֶגֶד according to what is in front of = corresponding to, note that in NH כְּנֶגֶד = in front of, Ber 4:5; 9:5 Ab 2:10, מכנגד פני Git 7:7 al. Gn 2:18 אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּוֹ עֵזֶד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ a help corresponding to him i.e. equal and adequate to himself, v 20 among the animals there was no עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. b. לְנֶגֶד in front of, before, Gn 33:12 וְאֵֽלְכָה לְנֶנְדֶּ֑ךָ, Nu 22:32 2 K 1:13 fell on his knees לנגד אליהו, Is 1:7 your ground לנגדכם זרים אֹכלים אותהּ; with עָמַד Jos 5:13 Dn 8:15; 10:16, in a hostile sense v 13, cf. Pr 21:30; in the sight or presence of, Hb 1:3 וְשֹׁד וְחָמָם לְנֶגְדִּי, ψ 39:2 בעוד רשׁע לנגדי, 50:8 ועולֹתיך לנגדי תמיד, Ne 3:37; opposite to (prob. of opposite choirs), Ne 12:9, 24; = parallel to, 1 Ch 5:11; = over, for, a business (peculiar) Ne 11:22; fig. of what is visible morally, ψ 18:23 כי כל משׁפטיו לנגדי (|| לֹא אָסִיר מֶנִּר), with to set or place ψ 16:8; 54:5 לא שׂמו אלהים לנגדם (cf. 86:14), 90:8; often in the phrase לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵי …, both lit., as Jb 4:16 תְּמוּנָה לנ׳ עֵינָ֑י, ψ 5:6 לא יתיצבו הוללים לנ׳ עיניך (cf. 101:7); and in a moral sense, ψ 18:25 כְּבֹר ידי לנ׳ עיניו, 26:3 כי חסדך לנ׳ עיני i.e. is ever present to my mind, 36:2 אין פחד אלהים לנ׳ עיניו i.e. he has no eye to discern God’s awe-inspiring judgments (cf. 10:5); with לא אשׁית i.e. have in view, purpose (|| שׂנאתי) 101:3. c. †מִנֶּגֶד (a) adv. off (מִן 1 c) the front, in front, opposite, ex adverso, Gn 21:16 ותשׁב להּ מנגד sat her down opposite, v 16, 2 K 2:7; Dt 28:66 והיו חייך תלואים לך מנגד shall be hung up for thee in front (i.e. suspended, as by a thread, in front of thee); Ju 9:17 וישׁלך נפשׁו מנגד and flung away his life in front or straight away (i.e. hazarded it); = some way off, from or at a distance, Nu 2:2 Dt 32:52 כי מִנֶּגֶד תראה את הארץ, 2 K 2:15 וַיִּרְאֻהוּ מנ׳ at a distance, 3:22; 4:25; aloof, 2 S 18:13 ואתה תתיצב מנגד, Ob 1:11. (b) as a prep. (α) from the front of, away from, Ct 6:5 הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי, 1 S 26:20 אל־יפֹל דמי ארצה מנ׳ פני י׳; מנגד עיני from before the eyes of, with verbs of removing Is 1:16, cutting off ψ 31:23 Jon 2:5, hiding Am 9:3 Je 16:17. (β) opposite to, Ne 3:19, 25, 27; at a distance from, ψ 10:5 מרום משׁפטיך מנגדי, 38:12 מנגד נגעי יעמדי. (γ) מִנֶּגֶד לְ from before, Pr 14:7, in front of Ju 20:34. d. †עַד נֶגֶד as far as the front of, Ne 3:16, 26.

†נָגִיד S TWOT GK n.m. leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince;—abs. נ׳ 1 S 9:16 + 31 times; cstr. נְגִיד (נְגִד) 2 K 20:5 + 6 times; pl. נְגִידִים Jb 29:10 + 3 times; נְגִידֵי 2 Ch 35:8;—ruler, prince ψ 76:13 Pr 28:16 Jb 29:10; 31:37 (in sim.). Especially 1. of king of Isr.: of Saul מָשַׁח לְנ׳ עַל ( + acc. pers.), 1 S 9:16 (subj. proph.), cf. of Sol., subj. people, 1 Ch 29:22; 1 S 10:1 (subj. י׳); of David צִוָּהוּ לְנ׳ עַל 1 S 13:14; 25:30, צִוָּהוּ נ׳ עַל 2 S 6:21 (in these י׳ subj.), היה לנ׳ על 5:2, היה נ׳ על 7:8 1 Ch 11:2; 17:7; cf. also 5:2 2 Ch 6:5; of David also נָתַן נ׳ לְ׳ Is 55:4; of Sol. צִוָּה אֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת נ׳ על 1 K 1:35 (י׳ subj.); of Jerob. נתן נ׳ על ( + acc. pers.) 1 K 14:7 (י׳ subj.); so 16:2 of Baasha; of Hezekiah נְ׳ עַמִּי 2 K 20:5; הֶעֱמִיד לְנ׳ בְּאֶחָיו ( + acc. pers.) 2 Ch 11:22 (of Abijah, subj. Rehob.); of Judah 1 Ch 28:4. 2. of a foreign ruler or prince Ez 28:2 Dn 9:25, 26. 3. the title of some high official connected with the temple Je 20:1 (of Pashḥur) וְהוּא פָקִיד נָגִיד בבית י׳ and he was prince-overseer in, etc. (for פ׳ see 29:26); hence נ׳ בית האלהים 1 Ch 9:11 2 Ch 31:13; 35:8 (three נגידי ב׳ ה׳, including the high-priest), Ne 11:11; of high-priest Dn 11:22 נ׳ בְּרִית. 4. ruler in other capacities (late): of tribe 1 Ch 27:16 2 Ch 19:11; of Ḳoraḥites 9:20; of Aaronite warriors 1 Ch 12:28; of division of army 1 Ch 13:1; 27:4 2 Ch 11:11 (commandant of fortress), 32:21 (in Assyrian army: || שַׂר); of temple-treasuries 1 Ch 26:24, cf. 2 Ch 31:12; נ׳ הבית 2 Ch 28:7 (i.e. of palace?). 5. princely things, pl. abstr. Pr 8:6.

†נָגַהּ S TWOT GK vb. shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, Dl ⁴⁴⁶; Ethiopic ነግሀ (nagha) Aramaic ܢܓܰܗ (ngah); NH T נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)—Qal Pf. ועל־דרכיך נ׳ אוֹר Jb 22:28; אור נ׳ עליהם Is 9:1; Impf. ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5. Hiph. Impf. 6. enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי 2 S 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ חשׁכי ψ 18:29. 7. cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ׃ Is 13:10 (|| חָשַׁך).

†i. נֹ֫גַהּ S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. Hb 3:4 (?) brightness;—נ׳ abs. Am. 5:20 +; cstr. Is 4:5 +; sf. נָגְהָם Jo 2:10; 4:15;—brightness of a (clear, sunshiny) day Am 5:20 (|| אוֹר; opp. אָפֵל, חֹשֶׁךְ), 2 S 23:4 (מִמָּטָר after rain); so fig. of Zion’s dawning, נ׳ זַרְחֵךְ Is 60:3 (|| אוֹר); of her righteousness כַּנֹּגַהּ 62:1 (c. art. only here and Ez 1:28), || כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעָ֑ר; of moon Is 60:19, of stars Jo 2:10; 4:15; of theophany 2 S 22:13 = ψ 18:13 (in storm); cf. Ez 1:4, 27, 28, נ׳ כְּבוֹד י׳ 10:4; נ׳ כאור Hb 3:4; נ׳ לָאֵשׁ Ez 1:13, נ׳ אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Is 4:5; נ׳ בְּרַק חֲנִיתֶ֑ךְ Hb 3:11 (of glitter of י׳’s spear; || אוֹר חִצֶּיךְ); of individ., וְאֵין נ׳ לוֹ Is 50:10 (fig. of distress || חֲשֵׁכִים); so וְאֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֹר ני Pr 4:18 the path of righteous men is like a light of brightness.

†ii. נֹ֫גַהּ S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. a son of David according to 1 Ch 3:7; 14:6. G Ναγαι, Ναγεθ, etc.

†[נְגֹהָה S TWOT GK] n.f. brightness; fig. of prosperity;—pl. לִנְנֹהוֹת Is 59:9 (opp. אֲפֵלוֹת; || אוֹר).

†נָגַח S TWOT GK vb. push, thrust, gore (NH id.; Arabic نَجَحَ (najaḥa) succeed, attain, make progress; T as BH);—Qal Impf. יִגַּח Ex 21:28, 31, 32 (E), יִגָּ֑ח v 31;—gore, subj. שׁוֹר, sq. acc. pers. Pi. Impf. יְנַגַּח Dt 33:17; 2 ms. תְּנַגַּח 1 K 22:11 2 Ch 18:10; תְּנַגְּחוּ Ez 34:21; נְנַגֵּחַ ψ 44:6; Pt. מְנַגֵּחַ Dn 8:4;—push or thrush at, sq. acc.: of Joseph under fig. of wild ox Dt 33:17, cf. 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10 ψ 44:6 (|| בּוּס); v. also Ez 34:21 (of Isr. under fig. of sheep), cf. Dn 8:4 (of ram in vision; obj. not expr.). Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגַּח עִמּוֹ מֶלֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב Dn 11:40 engage in thrusting with, wage war with.

†נַגָּח S TWOT GK adj. addicted to goring, pred. of שׁוֹר Ex 21:29, 36 (E), cf. Ba ⁴⁹.

נגל TWOT (√ of foll., meaning unknown; Arabic نَجَلَ (najala) is strike, split, pierce, but v. infr.).

†מַגָּל S TWOT GK n.[m.] sickle (Arabic مِنْجَلٌ (minjalun) (yet poss. Aramaic loan-word Frä¹³³), Aramaic ܡܰܓܰܠܬܳܐ (magalto));—c. תָּפַשׂ handle, wield Je 50:16 (|| זָרַע); c. שָׁלַח Jo 4:13 fig. of judgment.

†[נָגַן S TWOT^, GK] vb. touch (strings), play a stringed instrument (NH Pi.; Aramaic נְגַן Pa.);—Qal Pt. נֹגְנִים ψ 68:26 players (|| שָׁרִים, עֲלָמוֹת תּוֹפֵפוֹת). Pi. Pf. וְנִגֵּן 1 S 16:16 (consec.), v 23; Impf. 1 pl. נְנַגֵּן Is 38:20; Inf. cstr. נַגֵּן 1 S 16:17 + 5 times; Pt. מְנַגֵּן 1 S 16:16 + 4 times;—play בַּכִּנּוֹר 1 S 16:16; בְּיָדוֹ v 16, 23 (כִּנּוֹר in context), 18:10; 19:9; c. acc. cogn. Is 38:20; in sim. מֵטִב נַגֵּן Ez 33:32 (|| שִׁיר עֲגָבִים יְפֵה־קוֹל); אִישׁ מֵיטִיב לְנ׳ 1 S 16:17, cf. ψ 33:3 Is 23:16 (both || שִׁיר), יָדַע נ׳ 1 S 16:18; also 2 K 3:15; Pt. = player, minstrel (cf. Qal) 2 K 3:15⁽⁾; cf. also אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַּכִּנּוֹר 1 S 16:16 (Ges ^{120 b}).

†[נְגִינָה S TWOT^, GK] n.f. music;—abs. נְגִינַת ψ 61:1 (v. infr.); sf. נְגִינָתִי ψ 77:7; נְגִינָתָם Jb 30:9 + 2 times; pl. נְגִינוֹת ψ 4:1 + 6 times; נְגִינוֹתַי Is 38:20; -תָ֑י Hb 3:19;— 1. music (of stringed instr.) acc. cogn. Is 38:20; as occupation La 5:14; especially בִּנְגִינוֹת in ψ-titles; ψ 4:1; 6:1; 54:1; 55:1; 67:1; 76:1; so Hb 3:19; cf. עַל־נְגִינַת ψ 61:1 (read perhaps pl. Ges ^{80 f.}). 2. song (with string accomp.?) ψ 77:7; subject of mocking song Jb 30:9 (|| מִלָּה, ψ 69:13 (נ׳ שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר), La 3:14 (|| שְׂחֹק).

†[מַנְגִּינָה S TWOT^{, ,} GK] n.f. (mocking, derisive) song (cf. foreg.);—מָנְגִּינָתָם La 3:63, i.e. subject of their mocking song.

נָגַע S TWOT GK₁₅₀ vb. touch, reach, strike (NH id.; Arabic نَجَعَ (naja˓a) is agree with one (of food), produce effect; Aramaic נְגַע Ithpa. be struck (sc. w. leprosy), cf. Pi. infr.);—Qal Pf. נ׳ Gn 32:33 +; נָֽגְעָה Ju 20:41 +; 1 pl. sf. נְגַעֲנוּךָ Gn 26:29; Impf. יִגַּע Lv 5:3 +; וַיִּגַּע Gn 32:26 +, etc.; Imv. גַּע ψ 144:5 + 2 times; Inf. cstr. נְגֹעַ, לִנְגּוֹעַ Gn 20:6 + 3 times; גַּ֫עַת 2 S 14:10 Ez 17:10; sf. נָגְעֵךְ Ru 2:9, etc.; Pt. act. נֹגֵעַ 1 K 19:5 +; נֹגְעִים Je 12:14; f. נֹגַ֫עַת Nu 19:22 + 2 times; pl. נֹגְעֹת 1 K 6:27; pass. נָגוּעַ ψ 73:14 Is 53:4;— 1. a. touch, usually sq. בְּ Gn 3:3 (J), 31:26, 33 Ex 19:12⁽⁾, 13 (all E), 29:37; 30:29 (P), Lv 5:2, 3 + 25 times Lv; Nu 16:26 + 7 times Nu (P) + 19:22 (no בְּ or obj.), Dt 14:8 Ju 6:21 2 S 23:7 1 K 6:27⁽⁾, 19:5, 7 2 K 13:21 Est 5:2 Dn 8:5, 18; 10:10, 18 La 4:14; sq. אֶל־ Hg 2:12 Nu 4:15 1 K 6:27 Dn 9:21, cf. Ho 4:2; sq. עַל־פֶּה Is 6:7; עַל־שָׂפָה Dn 10:16; sq. acc. Is 52:11; abs. (no obj. expr.) Jb 6:7 La 4:15. b. of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc., sq. בְּ Am 9:5 ψ 104:32; 144:5; fig. of י׳ touching the heart, sq. בְּ 1 S 10:26. 2. nearly = strike, pass. stricken, ψ 73:14 Is 53:4 (|| מֻכֶּה), of wind Jb 1:19 Ez 17:10; of divine chastisement 1 S 6:9 Jb 1:11; 19:21; sq. אֶל 2:5. 3. touch = harm, sq. בְּ, Gn 26:11 (J), Jos 9:19 2 S 14:10 1 Ch 16:22 (|| הָרֵעַ) = ψ 105:15, Je 12:14 Zc 2:12⁽⁾; sq. אֶל־ Gn 20:6 (touch a woman), so Pr 6:29 (sq. בְּ); sq. acc. Gn 26:29 (J, sf.), so Ru 2:9; v. also Jb 5:19 (subj. רַע, sq. בְּ), Ju 20:34, 41 (both subj. רָעָה, sq. עַל־). 4. reach, extend to, 2 S 5:8, sq. בְּ (but crpt. v. Dr HPS); in metaph., sq. עַד of vine Is 16:8 Je 48:32; of sword Je 4:10, cf. v 18; of chastisement Mi 1:9, cf. Jb 4:5 (|| בּוֹא אֶל־); also (sq. אֶל) Je 51:9; = come, sq. אֶל־ Jon 3:6; arrive (of time), abs. Ezr 3:1 Ne 7:73.

†Niph. Impf. וַיִּנָּֽגְעוּ Jos 8:15 be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so, but read prob. וַיִּנָּֽגְפוּ, v. נגף Niph.

†Pi. Pf. sf. נִגְּעוֹ 2 Ch 26:20 strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.), subj. י׳; so Impf. וַיְנַגַּע 2 K 15:5; Gn 12:7 (subj. י׳; acc. pers. + acc. cogn.).

†Pu. Impf. יְנֻנָּע֑וּ be stricken by diseases (?; cf. Pi. and נֶגַע 2. 3. especially 2 S 7:14) ψ 73:5.

†Hiph. Pf. הִגִּיעַ Is 25:12 + 6 times; 2 fs. הִגַּ֫עַתְּ Est 4:14; 1 s. sf. וְהִגַּעְתִּ֫יהוּ Ez 13:14, etc.; Impf. יַגִּיעַ Is 8:8 + 3 times; וַיַּגַּע Is 6:7 Je 1:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַגִּיעַ Est 2:12, 15; Pt. מַגִּיעַ Gn 28:12 +; f. מַגַּ֫עַת 2 Ch 3:11;—cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive: 5. cause to touch, apply, Ex 12:22 (JE; מִדָּם, אֶל־); cause to touch (sq. עַד עָפָר, לָאָרֶץ), i.e. bring to ground, Is 25:12; 26:5, cf. La 2:2, Ez 13:14 (sq. אֶל־), Ex 4:25 (J; sq. לְרַגְלָיו); sq. עַל־פֶּה Is 6:7 Je 1:9; sq. בְּ Is 5:8. 6. intr. reach, extend, Gn 28:12 (sq. ה—ָ loc.); sq. אֶל־ Zc 14:5, sq. עַד Is 8:8; cf. תַּגּ׳ יָדוֹ דֵּי שֶׂה Lv 5:7 if his hand do not reach enough for a lamb (i.e. he be not able to furnish a lamb); sq. לְ Jb 20:6 (hyperb.) 2 Ch 3:11⁽⁾, 12; sq. עַד לְ 28:9; attain, sq. לְ Est 4:14, arrive, come, sq. acc. loc. Is 30:4 Est 4:3; 8:17, sq. לְ (of time) Dn 12:12, sq. אֶל־ 1 S 14:9, sq. עַד־ ψ 107:18, abs. Est 6:14; sq. אֵצֶל Dn 8:7. 7. approach, of time, abs. Ec 12:1 Ct 2:12 Ez 7:12 (|| בּוֹא); v. also Est 9:1 (sq. Inf.), cf. 2:12, 15 ψ 88:4 (sq. לְ). 8. of fate or lot, = befall, sq. אֶל־ Est 9:26 Ec 8:14⁽⁾; reach ψ 32:6.

נֶגַע S TWOT GK₇₈ n.m. Gn 12:17 stroke, plague, mark, plague-spot;—נ׳ abs. Ex 11:1 +, נָ֑נַע Lv 13:13 +; cstr. Dt 24:8 +; sf. נִגְעִי ψ 38:12; נִגְעֶ֑ךָ 39:11; נִגְעוֹ Lv 13:44 2 Ch 6:29; pl. נְנָעִים Gn 12:17 ψ 89:33; cstr. נִגְעֵי 2 S 7:14;— 1. stroke, wound, inflicted by man on man Dt 17:8; 21:5 (|| רִיב), Pr 6:33. 2. stroke, metaph., especially of a disease, regarded as sent by a divine chastisement, Gn 12:17 (J), Ex 11:1 (E), 2 S 7:14 (נ׳ בְנֵי אָדָם, || שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. customary, ordinary), 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28 (both || מַחֲלָה); 1 K 8:38 (נ׳ לְבָבוֹ) = 2 Ch 6:29 (נִגְעוֹ); ψ 91:10 (|| רָעָה); of Israel 38:12; 39:11 (|| תִּגְרַת יָֽדְךָ), 89:33 (|| שֵׁבֶט); v. also Is 53:8 (of suffering servant of י׳, נֶגַע לָ֑מוֹ). 3. mark (60 times Lv 13, 14), indeterm. Lv 13:5, 6 (מִסְפַּחַת), v 17, 29, 30, 32, 43, 44; of leprosy, regarded as the heavy touch or stroke of a disease, נ׳ צָרַ֫עַת Lv 13:2 +; v 51 (צָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת הַנּ׳), v 59 14:3, 32, 54, Dt 24:8; also נ׳ הַנֶּחֶק Lv 13:31; נ׳ לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם v 42; identif. with person having it 13:4, 12, 13, 17, 31; in garment, etc. v 47 + 15 times Lv 13; in house 14:34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 48⁽⁾; i.e. house-wall v 37⁽⁾, 39; in stones of wall v 40; = garment, etc., with plague-spot 13:50.

†נָגַף S TWOT GK vb. strike, smite (Aramaic נְגַף);—Qal Pf. נ׳ 2 Ch 13:15 Is 19:22 (וְ consec.); sf. נְגָפוֹ 2 Ch 21:18, etc.; Impf. יִגֹּף Ex 21:35 + 2 times; וַיִּגֹּף Ex 32:35 + 4 times; אֶגּוֹף ψ 89:24 +, etc.; Inf. abs. נָנֹף Is 19:22; cstr. לִנְגֹּף Ex 12:23⁽⁾; נָגְפוֹ v 27;—strike, smite, of serious (even fatal) injury, sq. acc. pers. Ex 21:22, 35 (E); one’s foot against (בְּ) stone ψ 91:12; abs. (stumble) Pr 3:23; especially of judgment, subj. י׳, obj. individ. (fatal stroke) 1 S 25:38; 26:10 2 S 12:15 2 Ch 13:20; 21:18 (לָחֳלִי); obj. people (abs.) Ex 12:23⁽⁾, 27 (JE), 32:35 Jos 24:5 (E), Is 19:22, cf. v 22; v. also ψ 89:24; cf. c. acc. cogn. מַגֵּפָה Zc 14:12, 18 2 Ch 21:14 (sq. also בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ); c. בְּ instr. Ex 7:27; of causing defeat in battle, sq. acc. + לִפְנֵי Ju 20:35 1 S 4:3 2 Ch 13:15; 14:11.

Niph. Pf. נִגַּף 2 S 10:15; נִגְּפוּ v 19 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. יִנָּגֵף 2 Ch 6:24; וַיִּנָּגֵף 1 S 4:2 + 4 times; Inf. abs. נִגּוֹף Ju 20:39; cstr. הִנָּגֵף 1 K 8:33; Pt. נִגָּף Dt 28:25 Ju 20:39, etc.;—be smitten, bef. enemy, in battle, sq. לִפְנֵי Ju 20:32, 39⁽⁾ 1 S 4:2; 7:10 2 S 10:15, 19; 18:7 1 K 8:33 2 K 14:12 1 Ch 19:16, 19 2 Ch 6:24; 25:22 Lv 26:17 Nu 14:42 Dt 1:42; abs. Ju 20:36 1 S 4:10 2 S 2:17 2 Ch 20:22; Pt. after נָתַן, sq. לִפְנֵי Dt 28:7, 25 Vid. נָגָע Niph.

Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַגְּפוּ Je 13:16 = stumble, subj. רַגְלֵיכֶם, sq. על (loc.); cf. Qal (ψ 91:12) and נֶגֶף 2.

†נֶ֫גֶף S TWOT GK n.m. Ex 12:13 blow, striking (as judgment, only P);—נ׳ abs. Ex 12:13 + 6 times;— 1. fatal blow, plague, Ex 12:13 (death of first-born); 30:12 Nu 8:19 (indef.); = pestilence Nu 17:11, 12 Jos 22:17. 2. striking, אֶבֶן נ׳ Is 8:14 i.e. against which the foot strikes and so stumbles (|| צוּר מִכְשׁוֹל).

†מַגֵּפָה S TWOT GK n.f. blow, slaughter, plague, pestilence;—מ׳ abs. Nu 14:37 + 23 times; cstr. מַגֵּפַת Zc 14:15; pl. sf. מַגֵּפֹתַי Ex 9:14;— 1. blow, = fatal stroke Ez 24:16; in divine judgment (plague) Ex 9:14 (J). 2. slaughter in battle, 1 S 4:17 2 S 17:9; 18:7. 3. plague, pestilence (divine judgment), of tumours on Philistines 1 S 6:4; against Isr Nu 14:37; 17:13, 14, 15; 25:8, 9, 18, 19; 31:16 2 S 24:21, 25 (ins. also v 15 G Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu), 1 Ch 21:22 ψ 106:29, 30; specif. disease of bowels 2 Ch 21:14; מ׳ = infected people 1 Ch 21:17; wasting of flesh, eyes and tongue, of hostile peoples Zc 14:12, 18; attacking beasts v 15⁽⁾.

†[נָגַר S TWOT GK] vb. pour, flow, run (Aramaic ܢܓܰܪ (ngar) be long (of time), Aph. prolong, protract; נְגַר endure, flow, stream);—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִגְּרָה ψ 77:3 La 3:49; Pt. pl. נִגָּרִים 2 S 14:14; נִגָּרוֹת Jb 20:28;— 4. be poured, spilt, 2 S 14:14 (כַּמַּיִם הַנִּגָּרים אַרְצָה in sim. of mortality). 5. pour oneself, flow, trickle, of eye (in tears) La 3:49. 6. fig. vanish, Jb 20:28 (|| גָּלָה). 7. be stretched out (?) יָדִי לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה ψ 77:3 (or read עֵינִי?). Hiph. Pf. וְהִגַּרְתִּ֫י Mi 1:6; Impf. וַיַּגֵּר ψ 75:9; וַתַּגֵּר Ez 35:5; יַגִּירֻ֫הוּ ψ 63:11; Imv. sf. הַגִּרֵם Je 18:21;—pour down, hurl down the stones of Samaria, subj. י׳ Mi 1:6; pour out, fig. of י׳’s wine-cup, ψ 75:9; sq. עַל־יְדֵי חֶ֫רֶב = deliver over to Je 18:21 ψ 63:11 Ez 35:5. Hoph. Pt. כְּמַיִם מֻגָּרִים בְּמוֹרָד Mi 1:4 in sim., of mountains melting at theophany.

†[נָגַשׂ S TWOT GK] vb. press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian nagâšu, throw down, overthrow, Dl ⁴⁴⁸; Arabic نَجَشَ (najaša) rouse and drive game, drive vehemently; Ethiopic ነግሠ (nagša) reign, wield power, ንጉሥ (nəguš) king);— Qal Pf. נ׳ 2 K 23:25; Impf. יִגּשֹׁ Dt 15:2; 2 ms. תִּגּשֹׁ Dt 15:3; 2 mpl. תִּנְנֹּ֑שׂוּ Is 58:3;—Pt. נֹגֵשׂ Is 9:3 +, etc.;— 8. press, drive to work (obj. עַצְּבֵיכֶם your workmen), Is 58:3 (Ges, De Di Du; exact [changing ע׳, q.v.] Che, etc.); v. 3. 9. exact c. acc. כֶּסֶף, 2 K 23:35; sq. acc. pers. only Dt 15:2, 3. 3. Pt. ( = subst.) driver, taskmaster Ex 3:7; 5:6, 10, 13, 14 Jb 3:18; (ass-)driver Jb 39:7; of (arbitrary) ruler Is 3:12, ruler (good sense) Zc 10:4; = foreign oppressor, tyrant Is 9:3 (c. בְּ) 14:2, 4 Zc 9:8; exactor of tribute, Dn 11:20; pl. abstr. lordship = lord, ruler, fig. of צְדָקָה (personif.) Is 60:17 (|| פְּקֻדָּתֵךְ שָׁלוֹם). Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׂ 1 S 13:6 + 2 times + Is 3:5 (וְ consec.);—hard pressed by enemy 1 S 13:6, and so 14:24 (but om. by emend., after G, Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); treated harshly, of suffering servant of י׳ Is 53:7; recipr. tyrannize over (ב׳) each other Is 3:5.

[נָגַשׁ S TWOT GK]₁₂₅ vb. draw near, approach, less freq. syn. of קרב q.v. (NH id. Hiph. (rare) and deriv.);—Qal₆₈ Impf. יִגַּשׁ Ex 24:14 +, יִגָּ֑שׁ ψ 91:7, וַיִּגַּשׁ Gn 18:23 +; 3 fs. וַתִּגַּשׁ Gn 33:7; 2 ms. תִּגַּשׁ־ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. יִגְּשׁוּ Is 41:1 +, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Ex 24:2, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 (Baer; van d. H. יִגָּ֑שׁוּ); 3 fpl. וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ Gn 33:6, etc.; Imv. גַּשׁ 2 S 1:15, גֶּשׁ־ Gn 19:9, גְּשָׁה