†I. [רָמֹם S TWOT GK] vb. be exalted (|| form (according to Mas.) of רום);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. רוֹמּוּ מְעַט וְאֵינֶנּוּ Jb 24:24 (perhaps pass. form Ges ⁶⁷ Bu; Du רֻמוֹ);—Pt. רֹמֵם v. רום Pō˓l. Niph. Impf. 1 s. אֵרוֹמָ֔ם Is 33:10 (|| אֶנָּשֵׂא; Hithpō˓l. from רום Kö^{. 454} Ges ^{54 c}), 3 mpl. וַיֵּרֹ֫מּוּ Ez 10:15 (of cherubim), יֵרוֹ֫מּוּ v 17, וַיֵּרוֹ֫מּוּ v 19; Imv. mpl. הֵרֹ֫מּוּ מִתּוֹךְ הָעֵדָה Nu 17:10 (P).

II. רמם (√ of following; cf. Arabic رَمَّ (ramma) grow rotten, decay).

†רִמָּה S TWOT GK n.f. worm (cause and sign of decay);—abs. ר׳ Ex 16:24 (P), Is 14:11 (|| תּוֹלֵעָה), Jb 7:5; 17:14; 21:26; 24:20 all indic. corruption, feeding on dead, etc.; hyperb. of insignificant man 25:6 (|| תּוֹלֵעָה).

†[רָמַם S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ] vb. denom. be wormy;—Qal Impf. 3 ms. (c. acc. result, Ges ^{121 d N}) וַיָּ֫רֻם תּוֹלָעִים Ex 16:20 (Ges ^{67 n}; + וַיִּבְאַשׁ).

רֹמַמְתִּי עֶזֶר S GK v. sub רום.

†רָמַס S TWOT GK vb. trample (NH id.; J.Aram רְמַס; cf. perhaps Syriac ܪܦܰܣ (rpas), Arabic رَفَسَ (rafasa) kick (BA ³³ Kö^{. 196}); رَمَسَ (ramasa) is bury, and conceal grave);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְר׳ Mi 5:7; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְמֹם Ez 26:11 ψ 7:6, יִרְמָס־ Is 41:25, sf. וַיִּרְמְסֶנָּה 2 K 9:33, etc.; Imv. fs. רִמְסִי Na 3:14; Inf. cstr. רְמֹס Is 1:12; Pt. רֹמֵס Is 16:4;—trample, of men, c. acc. חֲצֵרָ֑י Is 1:12, חוּצוֹת Ez 26:11 (by horses’ hoofs), טִיט Is 41:25 (in sim.), cf. ר׳ בַחֹמֶר Na 3:14, acc. מִרְעֶה Ez 34:18 (in fig.); trample down, acc. pers., anim., vel rei, 2 K 7:17, 20, so (by horses’ hoofs) 9:33, יִר׳ לָאָרֶץ חַיָּי֑ ψ 7:6; 91:13 (|| תִּדְרֹךְ); subj. י׳ Is 63:3 (fig.; + דֵּרַךְ), subj. רֶגֶל Is 26:6; subj. beast 2 K 14:9 (allegory) = 2 Ch 25:18, Dn 8:7 (vision), of horn, v 10; abs. of lion, וְר׳ וְטָרַף Mi 5:7 (sim.); pt. as subst. coll. tramplers (i.e. devastators) Is 16:4. Niph. be trampled, Impf. 3 fpl. בְּרַגְלַיִם תֵּרָמַ֑סְנָה Is 28:3 (on subj. cf. Di Du Che Kö^{. 183}).

†מִרְמָס S TWOT GK n.[m.] trampling-place, trampling;—abs. מ׳ Mi 7:10 +, מִרְמַס (Kö^{. 1, 96}) Is 10:6; cstr. מִרְמַס 7:25 Ez 34:19;— 1. 2, מ׳ שֶׂה Is 7:25 (|| מִשְׁלַח), מ׳ רַגְלֵיכֶם Ez 34:19 (fig.). 2. trampling, וְהָיָה לְמ׳ Is 5:5 it shall become a trampling, be trampled down, so Mi 7:10, Is 28:18 והייתם לו למרמס, cf. 10:6 Dn 8:13.

†רָמַשׂ S TWOT GK vb. creep, move lightly, move about (chiefly P) (Arabic رَمَشَ (ramaša) touch gently (Kam Frey); NH רְמָשִׂים creeping things (rare));—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּרְמשֹׁ Gn 9:2 + 2 times; Pt. רֹמֵשׂ 1:26 +; fs. רֹמֶ֫שֶׂת Lv 11:46 + 2 times;— 3. subj. ground, כֹּל אֲשֶׁר ת׳ הָאֲדָמָה all with which the ground creeps (teems), i.e. all creeping things, Lv 20:25 (H), Gn 9:2 (P). 4. elsewhere subj. animal: a. creep, עַל־הָאֲדָמָה Dt 4:18 Gn 7:8 (P), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Lv 11:44 (H), Gn 1:30 (P); הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאֲדָמָה Ez 38:20, עַל־הָאָרֶין Gn 1:26; 7:14; 8:17 (all P). b. move lightly, glide about, of water animals, כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ (בַּמַּיִם) הַחַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת Lv 11:46 (H), Gn 1:21 (P), cf. ψ 69:35. c. in gen. move about, of all land-animals, עַל־הָאָרֶין Gn 1:28; 7:21; 8:19 (all P); specif. of wild beasts prowling at night ψ 104:20.

†רֶ֫מֶשׂ S TWOT GK n.m. Ez 38:20 coll. creeping things, moving things;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 5:13 +, cstr. Ho 2:20 +;— 1. creeping things (disting. from בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה, עוֹף, עִפּוֹר, דָּג) Ho 2:20 1 K 5:13 Ez 8:10; 38:20 Gn 1:24, 25, 26; 6:7, 20; 7:14, 23; 8:17, 19 (all P), Hb 1:14 (in sim.) ψ 148:10. 2. of sea animals, gliding things, ψ 104:25. 3. moving things, of all animals Gn 9:3 (P).—Cf. Dr ^{Creeping Things}.

רֶמֶת S GK, רָמָתִי S GK, רָמָתַיִם S GK v. רום.

רֹן S TWOT GK, i, ii. רִנָּה S^, TWOT GK^, v. רנן.

†[רָנָה S TWOT GK] vb. rattle (onomatop.?);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּרְנֶה Jb 39:23 the quiver rattleth.

†[רָנַן S^, TWOT GK] vb. give a ringing cry (onomatop.? cf. Arabic رَنَّ (ranna) cry aloud, also twang (of bowsting); NH Pi. murmur, complain, cf. J.Aram (not T));—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָרוּן (Ges ^{67 q}) Pr 29:6 (but read perhaps יָרוּץ, Pinsk Toy, v. רוּץ 2); 3 fs. תָּרֹן Is 35:6; 3 mpl. יָרֹ֫נּוּ 24:14 +, וַיָּר׳ Lv 9:24; 3 fpl. תָּדֹ֫נָּה Pr 1:20; 8:3; Imv. fs. רָנִּי Is 54:1 +, רֹ֫נִּי 12:6; mpl. רָנּוּ Je 31:7 +; Inf. cstr. בְּרָן־ Jb 38:7;—give a ringing cry: 1. in joy, exultatuion, || צָהַל Je 31:7 (ר׳ שֹׂמְחָה), Is 12:6; 24:14 (|| נָשָׂא קוֹל), 54:1 ( + פָּצַח רִנָּה); || הֵרִיעַ Zp 3:14 ( + שׂמח, עלז), Is 44:23 Jb 38:7; || שָׂמַח Zc 2:14 ψ 35:27 Pr 29:6 (v. supr.); || גִּיל Is 49:13 ( + הֵרִים רִנָּה), || צָוַח 42:11; opp. צָעַק (cry in distress) 65:14 (מִן of cause); Lv 9:24 Is 35:6 (subj. לָשׁוֹן).—Is 61:7 is corrupt; read perhaps וָרֹק and spitting, Klo Che 2. in distress, La 2:19. 3. cry aloud, in summons, exhortation (of wisdom) Pr 1:20 (|| נָתַן קוֹל). 8:3. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְרִנְּנוּ Je 31:12; 51:48; Impf. 3 fs. תְּרַנֵּן ψ 51:16, 3 mpl. יְרַנְּנוּ 84:3 +, יְרַנֵּנ֑וּ 5:12 +; 3 fpl. תְּרַנֵּ֫נָּה 71:23 (van d. H. תְּרַנֵּנָה), etc.; Imv. mpl. רַנְּנוּ is 52:9 +; Inf. abs. רַנֵּן ψ 132:16, cstr. id. Is 35:2;—give a ringing cry, in joy, exultation, especially in praise to י׳, Je 31:12; 51:48 Is 26:19; 35:2 ( + גִּילַת, v. גִּילַה), 52:8 (|| נָשָׂא קוֹל), v 9 ( + פָּצַח); elsewhere only ψψ: ψ 5:12 (|| שָׂמַח, עָלַץ), 67:5; 90:14; 95:5 (c. ב rei; all || ש׳ alone); 149:5 (|| עָלַז); 98:4 (|| הֵרִיעַ; + פָּצַח, זִמֵּר), 132:9; 145:7, רַנֵּן יְרַנֵּנ֑וּ 132:16; c. acc. of theme 51:16; 59:17 (|| שִׁיר); בי׳ 33:1; ב rei 20:6; 63:8; 89:13; c. לי׳ 95:1 (|| הֵרִיעַ), אֶל־אֵל 84:3, (םִ)לפני י׳ 96:12 (|| עָלַז) = 1 Ch 16:33 (|| עָלַץ), ψ 98:8; subj. שְׂפָתַיִם 71:23 (|| זִמֵּר). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. impers. לֹא יְרֻנָּן Is 16:10 no ringing cry shall be given (|| יְרֹעָ֑ע). Hiph. Impf. cause to ring out for joy, 1 s. לֵב אַלְמָנָה אַרְנִן Jb 29:13; 2 ms. מוֹצָאֵי בֹקֶר וָעֶרֶב תַּרְנִין ψ 65:9; Imv. mpl. הַרְנִינוּ ring out a cry of Joy ψ 32:11 (|| שׂמח, גיל), לי׳ 81:2 (|| הריע); c. acc. of theme, עַמּוֹ Dt 32:43 (v. Dr; cf. Pi.).—Hithpō. 78:65 v. רון.

†[רֹן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] ringing cry; pl. cstr. רָנֵּי פַלֵּט ψ 32:7.

†רְנָנָה S TWOT GK n.f. id.;—ר׳ abs., of joy Jb 3:7 ψ 100:3 (|| שִׂמְחָה); pl. שִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֹת 63:6; exultation, sg. cstr. רִמְנַת רְשָׁעִים Jb 20:5 (|| שִׂמְחָה).

†i. רִנָּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. ringing cry;—abs. ר׳ Je 7:16 +; sf. רִנָּתִי ψ 17:1 +, רִנָּתָם Je 14:12 +;—ringing cry: 1. in entreaty, supplication, to י׳, 1 K 8:28 = 2 Ch 6:19, Je 7:16; 11:14 ψ 17:1; 61:2; 88:3 (all + תְּפִלָּה), 106:44; 119:169; 142:7 Je 14:12. 2. in proclamation 1 K 22:36. 3. in joy, especially praise to י׳ + שִׂמִחָה Is 35:10; 51:11 ( + שָׂשׂוֹן); + תְּהִלָּה 2 Ch 20:22, + שָׂשׂוֹן ψ 105:43, + תּוֹדָה 107:22, + עלץ Pr 11:10; || שְׂהוֹק ψ 126:2; opp. בְּכִי, etc. 30:6; 126:6, cf. v 5; קוֹל ר׳ Is 48:20 ψ 42:5 ( + תּוֹדָה), 47:2; 118:15 ( + יְשׁוּעָה); פָּצַח ר׳ Is 14:7; 44:23; 49:13; 54:1; 55:12; of י׳’s joy over Zion Zp 3:17;—בָּאֳנִיּוֹת רִנָּתָם Is 43:14 in the ships of their ringing cry, in which they exulted, but dub.; Hi Ew בַּאֲנִיּוֹת (bring down) into mourning their ר׳; cf. Kit-Di Du Che Marti.

†ii. רִנָּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:20; Ανα, A Ραννων, GL Ρεννα.

†רְנָנִים S TWOT GK n.[m.] pl. bird of piercing cries, i.e. ostrich, according to B Bö Di and most, בְּנַף ר׳ Jb 39:13, but read prob. יְעֵנִים Hoffm Bu Du (as La 4:3 Qr), v. [יָעֵן].

†רִסָּה S GK n.pr.loc. station in wilderness, Nu 33:21, 22; Δεσσα, A Ρεσσα, GL Δρεσσα (v. II רסס).

רסן TWOT (√ of following; cf. Arabic رَسَنٌ (rasanun) (Frä ^{100 f.}) = רֶסֶן; T רִסְנָא (rare), cf. Dalm).

†i. רֶ֫סֶן S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Is 30:28: 1. halter; 2. Jaw (?);— 1. abs. ר׳ ψ 32:9 restraining mouth of horse or ass ( + מֶתֶג); fig. of שֵׁם י׳, ר׳ עַל־לְחָיֵי עַמִּים Is 30:28; ר׳ סִפָּנַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Jb 30:11, i.e. threw off restraint. 2. sf. כֶּפֶל רִסְנוֹ 41:5 the double of his jaw, his double jaws (of croc.), si vera l.; connexion of meanings strange, || פְּנֵי לְבוּשׁוֹ, whence GHB Wright Du conj. סִרְיּנוֹ.

†ii. רֶ֫סֶן S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. in Assyria, near Nineveh Gn 10:12; Δασεμ (prob. = rêš êni, head of spring; cf. Dl ²⁶¹ COT Gn 10:12).

†I. [רָסַס S TWOT GK] vb. moisten (so Aramaic רְסַס, ܪܰܣ (ras); Arabic رَشَّ (ش!) (rašša (š!)) sprinkle);—Qal Inf. cstr. שֶׁמֶן לָרֹס אֶת־הַסֹּלֶת Ez 46:14.

†i. [רָסִיס S TWOT^, GK^, ] n.[m.] drop (of dew);—pl. cstr. רְסִיסֵי לָ֑יְלָה Ct 5:2 (|| טַל).

II. רסס TWOT (√ of foll.; NH רָסַס Pi. break, crush; so Mand. רסס Norberg ²³², J.Aram רְסַס; cf. Arabic رَسٌّ (rassun) well stopped up with stones Hoffm ^{iii (1893), 115}).

†ii. [רָסִיס S TWOT^, GK^, ] n.[m.] fragment;—pl. רְסִיסִים, of houses destroyed Am 6:11 (|| בְּקִעִיס).

רַע S TWOT GK, רֹעַ S TWOT GK v. I. רעע. i. רֵעַ v. רוע.

ii, iii. רֵעַ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} v. II, III. רעה.

†רָעֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^, vb. be hungry (NH id. Hiph. and deriv.; Assyrian rûbatu, hunger; Arabic رَغُبَ (rağuba) be roomy, voracious, رَغِبَ (rağiba) desire vehemently; Ethiopic ርኅበ (rəḫba) be hungry);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. ר׳ Is 9:19; 44:12; 3 pl. רָעֵ֑בוּ ψ 34:11; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַב Is 8:21, 1 pl. נִרְעֵב Je 42:14, etc.;—be hungry Is 8:21 Gn 41:55 (E; of land, = have famine), Je 42:14 (לַלֶּחֶם), Is 49:10 (|| צמא), 65:13 (|| id.; opp. אכל), ψ 50:12 if I should be hungry (of י׳), Pr 6:30; 19:15. Hiph.: allow one to hunger, subj. י׳: Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּרְעִבֶ֑ךָ Dt 8:3 (opp. וַיַּאֲכִֽלְךָ), יַרְעִיב נֶפֶשׁ Pr 10:3.

רָעָב S^, TWOT^, GK₁₀₁ n.m. Gn 26:1 famine, hunger;—abs. ר׳ Gn 12:10 +; sf. רְעָבָם Ne 9:15; 1. famine (in land, nation or city), Gn 12:10; 26:1; 41:30, 31 Ex 16:3 2 S 21:1; 24:13 = 2 K 4:38; 6:25 +; שְׁנֵי(הָ)ר׳ Gn 41:27, 30, 36, שְׁנַת ר׳ v 50, but also שָׁנִים ר׳ [שָׁלוֹשׁ] שֶׁבַע 2 S 24:13 (on gender v. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 103}) = 1 Ch 21:12; c. חזק (be) severe Gn 41:56, 57 1 K 18:2; 2 K 25:3 = Je 52:6, חזק עַל Gn 47:20; c. כָבֵד 12:10; 47:4, 13; גָּדוֹל 2 K 6:25; זַעלעֲפוֹת ר׳ La 5:10; מְזֵי ר׳ Dt 32:24 + Is 5:13 (v. [מָזֶה]), תַּחֲלוּאֵי ר׳ Je 14:18, חַלֲלֵי ר׳ La 5:9, אֲסֻפֵי ר׳ Ez 34:29; חִצֵּי הָר׳ 5:16; as scourge of י׳ ( + חֶרֶב, דֶּבֶ, etc.; especially Je Ez), Je 5:12; 11:22; 14:12; 21:7, 9 Ez 5:2; 6:11, 12 +, etc.; fig. of lack of י׳’s word Am 8:11. 2. hunger, of individual Je 38:9 Dt 28:48 ( + צָסָא, etc.), 2 Ch 32:11 ( + id.).

†רָעֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^, adj. hungry;—abs. ר׳ 2 S 17:29 +; fs. רְעֵבָה ψ 107:9 Pr 27:7; mpl. רְעֵבִים 1 S 2:5 +;—hungry (sometimes + עָמֵא, עָיֵף), 2 S 17:29 2 K 7:12 Is 8:21 Pr 25:21 ψ 107:5; נֶפֶשׁ רְעֵבָה v 9 Pr 27:7; as subst. sg. a hungry man Is 29:8; 32:6; 58:7, 10 Ez 18:7, 16 Jb 5:5 (Bev ^{xxvi. 304} proposes רָעָב, cf. Ez 7:15) 22:7, pl. 1 S 2:5 (opp. שְׂבֵעִים בַּלֶּהֶם), Jb 24:10 (|| עָרוֹם), ψ 107:36; 146:7; יְהִי־רָעֵב אֹנוֹ Jb 18:12 (fig.) his strength grows hungry, i.e. fails (B Ew Di al.); S De Bu Du (reading אָוֶן) al. his trouble grows hungry (i.e. ravenous for him), but ר׳ never elsewhere in this sense.

†רְעָבוֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] hunger, lack of food, famine;—cstr. רַעָבוֹן כָּֽתֵּיכֶם Gn 42:19, 33 (E); abs. בִּימֵי רְעָבוֹן ψ 37:19.

†[רָעַד S TWOT GK] vb. tremble, quake (NH id., Hiph. shake (rare), רְעָדָה a trembling, shaking; Arabic رَعَدَ (ra˓ada) thunder (said of sky), viii. tremble, quiver; Ethiopic ርዕደ (rə˓da) tremble; J.Aram רְעַב tremble, shake);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּרְעָ֑ד ψ 104:32 and it (the earth) trembleth at the gaze of י׳, in theoph Hiph. Pt. עָמַדְתִּי מַרְעִיד Dn 10:11 I stood trembling; Pl. מַרְעִידִים Ezr 10:9, c. יָשַׁב.

†רַ֫עַד S TWOT GK n.m. trembling;—יִרְאָה וָר׳ יָבֹא בִי ψ 55:6; יֹאחֲזֵמוֹ רָ֑עַד Ex 15:15.

†רְעָדָה S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. id.; subj. of אָֽחֲזָה Is 33:14 ψ 48:7; || יִרְאָה 2:11; || פַּחַד Jb 4:14.

I. רָעָה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , ,} ₁₆₇ vb. pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian rê˒û vb. pasture, n. ruler, TelAm. ruh̬i (as Canaanism) Wkl ^{181, 11}; Arabic رَدَى (radā), Ethiopic ርዕየ (rə˓ya) Aramaic רְעָא, ܪܥܳܐ (r˓o), all = BH);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָעָה Mi 5:3 +, 1 s. sf. consec. וּרְעִיתִים Ez 34:13, 3 pl. sf. consec. וְרָעוּם Je 23:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעֶה Is 27:10 +, juss. יֵרַע Jb 20:26, sf. יִעֶנָּה ψ 80:14, וַיִּרְעֵם ψ 78:72 (וַיִּר׳ Hiph. van d. H.), etc.; Imv. ms. רְעֵה Mi 7:14 +, sf. רְעֵם ψ 28:9; fs. רְעִי Ct 1:8; mpl. רְעוּ Gn 29:7; Inf. cstr. לִרְעוֹת 37:12 +, etc.; Pt. רֹעֶה 30:36 +, sf. רֹעִי ψ 23:1 +; fs. רֹעָה Gn 29:9 Pr 25:19, etc.;— 1. trans. a. pasture, tend (pascere), lit., c. acc. צֹאן Gn 30:31, 36; 37:12 (all J), Ex 3:1 (E), 1 S 17:15; 25:16 Is 61:5, acc. of asses Gn 36:24 (P), kids Ct 1:8; acc. (צפּאן) om. Gn 29:7; 37:13 (ב loc.) v 16 (all J), Ct 1:7 (|| חִרְבִּיץ), Jb 24:2 (G Me Siegf Bu וְרֹעוֹ);—metaph. גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Ho 9:2, but read יֵדָעֵם G We Now GASm; מָוֶת יִרְעֵם ψ 49:15. b. fig. of י׳, acc. pers., Gn 48:15 (E) God, who shepherded me; c. acc. of people, as flock Ho 4:16 Is 40:11 Mi 7:14 (בְּשִׁבְטֶ֑ן), Ez 34:13 (pregn., c. אֶל loc.), v 14, 15 ( + הִרְבִּיץ), v 16 ψ 28:9. c. fig. of ruler, and teacher, acc. of people, as flock, 2 S 5:2 = 1 Ch 11:2, 2 S 7:7 = 1 Ch 17:6, ψ 78:72 Je 3:15; 23:2, 4 Ez 34:2, 3, 8, 10, 23⁽⁾ Zc 11:4, 7⁽⁾, 9; of guiding, שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק יִרְעוּ רַבִּים Pr 10:21; c. ב of people ψ 78:71; abs. Mi 5:3; c. acc. pers. reflex. pastured (fed, enriched) themselves Ez 34:2, 8, 10 d. especially pt. רֹעֶח, etc., as subst. = shepherd, herdsman: (1) lit., רֹעֵה צֹאן Gn 4:2; 46:32, 34; 47:3 (all J), רֹעֶח בַּצּ׳ 37:2 (E), 1 S 16:11; 17:34; רֹעֵי מִקְנֶה Gn 13:7⁽⁾ (J); (ה)ר׳ alone, sg. Am 3:12 + 7 times (all in sim.); רֹעָה shepherdess, Gn 29:9 (J); כִּלִי רֹעֶה אֱוִילִי Zc 11:15 (v. כְּלִי 2 c as symbol; pl. (הָ)רֹעִים Am 1:2 Ex 2:17, 19 (J), 1 S 21:8 (אַבִּיר הָר׳; Gr Dr Bu Kit Löhr א׳ הָרָצִים; G Lag ⁴⁵ HPS אֹבִּיל הָעֲיָרִים, but cf. We) + 8 times + Is 31:4 (sim.), 38:12 (read רֹעִים for רֹעִי Perles²⁹ Du Che cf. Di), cf. (sf.) Gn 13:8⁽⁾ (J); כְּלִי הָרֹעִים 1 S 17:40 (v. כְּלִי 3);—בֵּית־עֵקֶד הָרֹעִים, v. p. 112. (2) fig. of ruler (as often Assyrian; cf. Gk. (Homer) ποιμένα λαῶν), abs. sg. Je 17:16 fig. of prophet (but Aq Symm S Gie Du Co מֵרָעָה). Zc 10:2; 11:16; 13:7b + 8 times Je Ez; sf. of י׳, דֹעִי Is 44:28 (of Cyrus), Zc 13:7a (read רֹעִי הָאֱוִילִי We Now GASm); abs. pl. Is 56:11 Je 2:8; 3:15 Mi 5:4 Zc 10:3; 11:5, 8 + 18 times Je Ez 34, + (of Assyrian leaders) Na 3:18; רֹעֵי יִשׂ׳ Ez 34:2; רֹעֵי צֹאנוֹ Is 63:11 (but read רֹעֵה [of Moses] G T Di Du al.). (3) epith. of י׳: י׳ רֹעִי ψ 23:1, רֹעֵה יִשׂ׳ 80:2, רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשׂ׳, Gn 49:24 (poem in J; read cstr. רֹעֵה, cf. Comm.); מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד Ec 12:11 DeWild, < president of assembly of sages Siegf SS 2. intrans. feed, graze: a. lit. of cows, sheep, etc.: c. ב loc. Gn 41:2, 18 (E), 1 Ch 27:29; c. acc. of pasture Is 30:23; c. עַל loc. Zp 2:7 (עֲלֵי הַיָּם for MT עֲלֵיהֶם, v. Now); אֶל־מוּל loc. Ex 34:3 (J); abs. Is 5:17; 11:7 (|| רבץ; but v. II. רעה infr.) 27:10 (|| id.), 65:25 Jon 3:7 Jb 1:14. b. fig. of idolater, Is 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (acc.); cf. Ho 12:2 Ephr. feedeth on wind (acc.); פִּי כְסִילִים יִר׳ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt פני for פי) the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II. רעה, Gerber ¹⁶² sub III. רעה); in Ct, c. ב loc., fig. of lover Ct 2:16; 6:2, 3; of breasts (like gazelles) 4:5. c. fig., of Isr. as flock Is 14:30 (|| רבץ), read (י—ַ)בְּכָרִי in my pasture(s), for MT בְּכוֹרֵי, Koppe Ew Di Du (otherwise Che, cf. Marti); Zp 3:13 (|| id.); c. עַל־דְּרָכִים Is 49:9; c. acc. of pasture-land Je 50:19 Mi 7:14 Ez 34:14b ( + אֶל loc.), v 18, 19; hence crop, strip, i.e. devastate, of conqueror, c. acc. of land Mi 5:5, cf. אֶת־יָדוֹ Je 6:3; so יִרְעוּךְ קָדְקֹד 2:16; acc. of Isr. under fig. of vine (subj. foes, as beasts) ψ 80:14. d. subj. wind, c. acc. pers. Je 22:22, i. e. drive them away; subj. fire, c. acc. rei, יֵרַע Jb 20:26, but read perhaps יֵרָע, Niph. (Ol Di Hoffm Siegf Bu; otherwise Du).—רֹעֶה עֲקָרָה 24:21 is difficult; Bu הֵרַע for ר׳; more radical conj. in Du. Niph. poss. Jb 20:26, v. 2 d supr. Hiph. ψ 78:72 van d. H., v. 1 c supr.

רֹעֶה S TWOT GK shepherd, רֹעָה S TWOT GK shepherdess, v. √ 1 d.

†רְעִי S TWOT GK n.[m.] pasture;—עֶשְׂרִים בָּקָר ר׳ 1 K 5:3 twenty cattle (from) pasture (v. Ges ^{131 c}; Kit בְּקַר).

רֹעִי Is 38:12 Zc 11:17, v. √ 1 d (1), (2).

†מִרְעֶה S TWOT GK n.m. Ez 34:14 pasturage, pasture;—abs. מ׳ Gn 47:4 +; cstr. מִרְעֵה Is 32:14; sf. מִרְעֵהוּ Jb 39:8, מִרְעֵיכֶם Ez 34:18;—pasturage, לַצֹּאן Gn 47:4 (J), cf. 1 Ch 4:39, 41, also Is 32:14; מ׳ שָׁמֵן וָטוֹב v 40, cf. (fig.) Ez 34:14⁽⁾, 18a; of cattle Jo 1:18, stag La 1:6; = pasture, of wild ass Jb 39:8; of כְּפִירִים Na 2:12 (but read מְעָרָה cave, for מרעה, We Now, || מֶעוֹן); יֶתֶר מִרְעֵיכֶם Ez 34:18b (fig.).

†[מַרְעִית S TWOT GK] n.f. pasturing, shepherding, pasturage (always fig.);—sf. מַרְעִיתִי Je 23:1 Ez 34:31, מַרְעִיתֶ֑ךָ ψ 74:1; 79:13, etc.;— 1. pasturing, shepherding, צֹאן מַרְעִיתִי, of Isr. as flock of י׳, Je 23:1 Ez 34:31, cf. ψ 74:1; 79:13; 100:3 + 95:7 (read צ׳ מ׳ וְעֶם יָדוֹ, cf. Hup-Now Che). 2. pastureage, Ho 13:6 (Now כִּרְעוֹתָם), Is 49:9 Je 25:36. 3. by meton. = flock Je 10:21.

†II. [רָעָה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , ,} ] vb. prob. associate with (cf. Schulthess^{69 ff.} but also Nö ^{liv (1900), 154 f.}; Assyrian ru˒a, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (m. et f.; cf. Jäger ^{i.483, 486}); so Bed. أُرْعُوَّةٌ (˒ur˓uwwatun) master, owner, Wallin ^{(1851), 9} Jayakar ^{xxi. 851}; Ethiopic መርዓ (mar˓ā) marriage; Arabic رَاعِى, راعيها (rā˓ī, r˒˓yh˒), Ethiopic አርዑት (˒arə˓ut) yoke; NH רֵעוּת friendship is from BH רֵעַ);—Qal Imv. ms. וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה ψ 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); > feed securely (Bae; i. רעה; feed on (his) faithfulness Am RV); Pt. רֹעֶה כְסִילִים Pr 13:20 one associating with fools, so ר׳ זֹלְלִים 28:7, ר׳ זוֹנוֹת 29:3 (Thes al. think these fig. from I. רעה, v. 2 b). Hithp. 2 ms. אַל־תִּתְרַע אֶת־בֶּעֶל אָ֑ף Pr 22:24 3 perhaps also 3 fpl. תִּתְרָעֶינָה Is 11:7 (Lag ^{i. 21; Deceased Wife’s Sister 399} Brd Du Che) cow and bear shall be each other’s companions; + Inf. cstr. הִתְרָעֹת Pr 18:24 (Toy, for MT הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [יֵשׁ for אִישׁ] friends (merely) to be companions (v. II. רעע ad fin.).

ii. רֵעֶ, [רֵיעַ]₁₈₇ n.m. Pr 17:17 friend, companion, fellow; ר׳ abs. 2 S 13:3 +, cstr. 1 Ch 27:33; sf. רֵעִי Jb 31:9 +, רֵעֲךָ Dt 5:17 +, רֵעֶ֑ךָ Ex 2:13 +, also רֵעֶיךָ 2 S 12:11 (sg.; Ges ^{93 ss}), רֵעֵ֫הוּ (Ges ^{84 a i}) Gn 11:3 + 114 times, רֵעוֹ Je 6:21, רֵעָהּ 3:20; pl. רֵעִים Je 3:1 +, cstr. רֵעֵי Jb 2:11; sf. רֵעָיו 32:3, רֵעֵ֫הוּ (Ges ^{91 k}) 42:10 1 S 30:26, רֵי֣עֲכֶם Jb 6:27, etc.; 1. friend Gn 38:12, 20 (J), 1 S 30:26 2 S 13:3 1 K 16:11 (G om.); רִעֲךָ אֲשֶׁר כְּנַפְשְׁךָ Dt 13:7, מֶתֶקּ רֵעֵהוּ Pr 27:9 (text dub., v. Toy); Mi 7:5 (|| אַלּוּף), Je 9:3 (|| אָח), 19:9 La 1:2 ( + אֹהֲבֶיהָ), ψ 35:14 (|| אָח) + 3 times ψψ; especially Jb 2:11; 6:14 + 8 times Jb, Pr 17:17; 18:24 + 8 times Pr (12:26 v. מֵרֵעַ infr.), Ct 5:1 (|| דּוֹדִים); associates Zc 3:8; term. techn. ר׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 27:33 (v. רֵעֶה), cf. 2 S 16:17⁽⁾; of lover Ct 5:16 (|| דּוֹדִי), husband Je 3:20, paramours Ho 3:1 Je 3:1; metaph. רֵעֲ לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Jb 30:29 (|| אָת לְתַנִּים). 2. in weaker sense, 2, even another person, with whom one stands in recipr. relations, Ex 2:13; 20:16, 17⁽⁾ (Gi v 13:14⁽⁾) = Dt 5:17, 18⁽⁾ Ex 21:14; 22:7, 8, 10, 25 (all E), Lv 19:13, 16, 18; 20:10 (all H), Dt 4:42; 15:2⁽⁾ + 11 times Dt, Jos 20:5 (D), Ju 7:14 Je 9:7; 22:13; 29:23 Ez 18:6, 11, 15; 22:11, 12 Hb 2:15 Jb 16:21 Ru 4:7 ψ 15:3; 28:3; 101:5 Pr 3:28, 29; 6:1 (|| זָר!) + 18 times Pr; שָׁכֵן וְרֵעוֹ Je 6:21; 1 S 15:28 hath given (the kingdom) to thy fellow, = another than thou, so 28:17 2 S 12:11; so also אִישׁ … רֵעֵהוּ a (given, certain) man over against his fellow (diff. from 3) Ex 21:18, 35; 22:6, 9, 13; 33:11 (all E), Dt 19:11; 22:26 Ju 7:13 1 K 8:31; 20:35 Je 7:5 1 Ch 6:22 Ru 3:14 Ec 4:4; similarly שָׂעִיר אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ Is 34:14. 3. in recipr., phr. אִישׁ … רֵעֵחוּ Gn 11:3 they said one to another (אִישׁ distrib.), each the speech of the other v 7, absent one from the other 31:49, cf. 43:33 (all J), Ex 11:2; 18:7, 16; 32:27 (all E), Ju 6:29; 7:22; 10:18 2 S 2:16⁽⁾ + 4 times 1 S, 2 K 3:23; 7:3, 9 2 Ch 20:23 Is 3:5 (|| אִישׁ בְּאִישׁ), 13:8; 19:2 (|| אִישׁ בְּנָחִיו), 41:6 Je 5:8 + 11 times Je, Ez 33:26 Zc 3:10 + 6 times Zc (11:6 read רֹעֵהוּ Sta ^{i (1881), 26}), Mal 3:16 John 1:7; so of things Gn 15:10 (J).—i. רֵעַ v. רוע; iii. רֵעַ v. iii. רעה.

†רֵעֶה S TWOT GK n.m. friend (cf. Sta ¹⁸⁴ Lag ¹⁵⁶ Ba^{§ 12 a});—cstr. in term. techn. רֵעֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ (Ges ^{93 ll} Kö^{. l, 78 f.}) 1 K 4:5 ( = רֵעַ 1 Ch 27:33), cf. רֵעֶה דָּיִד 2 S 15:37; 16:16; ins. also 15:32 (cf. v 37) G We Dr al.; in simple sense Pr 27:10 Kt (Qr רֵעַ; cf. Kö).

†[רָעָה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , ,} ] vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend;—Pf. 3 ms. מֵרֵעֵהוּ אֲשֶׁר רֵעָה לוֹ Ju 14:20 his comrade who had been ‘best man’ (GFM) to him.

†[רֵעָה S TWOT GK] n.f. companion, attendant;—of maidens, pl. sf. רֵעוֹתָ֑י Ju 11:37 Qr (> Kt רעיתי), רֵעוֹתֶיהָ v 38 ψ 45:15.

†[רַעְיָה S TWOT GK] n.f. companion;—of beloved bride, sf. רַעְיָתִי Ct 1:9, 15; 2:2, 10, 13; 4:1, 7; 5:2; 6:4; so of attendant maidens Ju 11:37 Kt, but v. foregoing.

†i. רְעוּת S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. fellow (-woman);—sf. in recipr. phr. אִשָּׁה מֵאֵתרְעוּתָהּ Ex 11:2 (E) each from her fellow (|| אִישׁ מֵאֵת רֵעֵהוּ, cf. ii. רֵעַ 3); cf. Je 9:19; of birds of prey (דַּוּוֹת) Is 34:15 cf. v 16; people under fig. of sheep Zc 11:9; רְעוּתָהּ Est 1:19 = another than she (cf. 1 S 15:28 ii. רֵעַ 2).

†רוּת S GK n.pr.f. Ruth (for רְעוּת, i.e. friendship, Syriac ܪܥܽܘܬ (r˓ut), Thes Lag ^{84, 156; ii. 41} Kö^{. 1, 481});—Moabitess, ancestress of David, Ru 1:4, 14, 16, 22; 2:2, 8, 21, 22; 3:9; 4:5, 10, 13; Ρουθ.

†רְעוּ S^, TWOT GK n.pr.m. (proposes name of a god, Duval ^{vi. 126} Mez^{Ḥarrân 23}, cf. Hom ^{ii. 208});—son of Peleg: Gn 11:18, 19, 20, 21 (P), 1 Ch 1:25; Ραγαυ.

†רְעוּאֵל S GK n.pr.m. Ραγουηλ: 1. Moses’ father-in-law Ex 2:18 (J; GL Ιοθορ), Nu 10:29 (JE); elsewhere יִתְרוֹ q.v. 2. Edomite Gn 36:4, 10, 13, 17⁽⁾ (P), || 1 Ch 1:35, 37. 3. Gadite Nu 2:14, v. דְּעוּאל p. 396. 4. Benjamite 1 Ch 9:8.

†רֵעִי S GK n.pr.m. (cf. Palm. n.pr. רעי friendly(?) Cook¹⁰⁹);—courtier of David (si vera l.) 1 K 1:8; Ρησει, GL οἱ ἑραῖροι αὐροῦ.

†[מֵרֵעַ S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] n.m. friend, companion (strange formation; orig. dub.; Wetzst^{Syriac Dreschtafel, 1873, 289} cp. رَعَى (ra˓ā) miryâ˓, name of bell-wether among Syriac nomads (proposes [inseparable] companion), and der. from ריע, proposes closely joined; cf. Gerber ^{97, 162});—sf. מֵרֵעֵ֫הוּ Gn 26:26 +, מְרֵעֵ֫הוּ Pr 19:7, מֵרֵעֶ֑ךָ Ju 15:2; pl. מֵרֵעִים 14:11;—companion, confidential friend, Gn 26:26 (J; cf. רֵעֶה); of bridegroom’s escort Ju 14:11; ‘bestman’ (GFM) v 20; 15:2, 6; more gen. friends (|| אחים) 2 S 3:8 Pr 19:7; 12:26 is dub., Död Hi De al. מִרְעֵהוּ; Toy conj. poss. מֵרָעָה (יָסֻר), v. further תור.

III. רעה TWOT (Aramaic רְעָא ܪܥܶܐ (r˓e), take pleasure (in), desire, = Arabic مرياع (mry˒˓) [Heb. רָצָה], whence Aramaic רְעוּתָא desire, רַעֲיָנָא, רַעֲיוֹנָא, ܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܐ (re˓yono) opinion, thought, disposition, and following late and Aramaic words in Heb., cf. Nö ^{liv (1900), 155}; > De Siegf^{Qoh. 18} al. from I. רעה 2 b, cf. Ho 12:2, and Arabic رضى (rḍy) watch, regard, respect (Lane) [Ba^{WU 46 f.} Kau^{Aramaismen 82 f.} deriv foll. from I. רעה = observe, attend to, specif. tend sheep, also aim at, purpose]).

†iii. [רֵעַ S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] n.[m.] purpose, aim;—sf. רֵעִי ψ 139:2 (of man), pl. sf. רֵעֶיךָ v 17 (of E†l).

†ii. רְעוּת S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. longing, striving;—cstr., הֶבֶל וּר׳ רוּחַ Ec 1:14; 2:11, 17, 26; 4:4; 6:9; עָמָל וּר׳ רוּחַ 4:6.

†רַעְיוֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] id.;—cstr., רַעְיוֹן רוּחַ Ec 1:17, הֶבֶל וְר׳ רוּחַ 4:16 (cf. foreg.), בְּכָל־עֲמָלוֹ וּבְר׳ לִבּוֹ 2:22.

רֹעָה S TWOT GK v. II. רעע.

†[רָעַל S TWOT GK] vb. quiver, shake, reel (Aramaic רְעַל, ܪܥܶܠ (r˓el), quiver, shake, tremble; Arabic رَعْلٌ (ra˓lun) the hanging part of a sheep’s split ear, also (Frey) a kind of veil of which a part hangs down in front; أَرْعَلُ (˒ar˓alu) dangling; Lih\y. has n.pr. רעל DHM^{Arabic 38});—Hoph. Pf. 3 pl. הַבְּרשִׁים הָרְעָ֑לוּ Na 2:4 are made in quiver. Vid. also [עָרַל].

†רַ֫עַל S TWOT GK n.[m.] reeling;—only סַף־ר׳ Zc 12:2 goblet of reeling (fig. of Jerusalem).

†[רְעָלָה S TWOT GK] n.[f.] prob. veil (cf. Arabic supr.);—pl. הָֽרְעָלוֹת Is 3:19, in list of finery.

מַרְעֲלָה S GK v. p. 599.

†תַּרְעֵלָה S TWOT GK n.f. reeling (cf. רַ֫עַל);—כּוֹס הַתּ׳ Is 51:17, 22; יַיִן תּ׳ ψ 60:5 drink reeling as wine.

†רְעֵלָיָה S GK n.pr.m. companion of Zerub., Ezr 2:2 (Ρεελεια, GL Δεμίου), = רַעַמְיָה Ne 7:7 (Νααμια, א Δαεμια, GL Δαιμίας, A Ρεελμα).

רעם (√ of foll., prob. onomatop.; Gerber⁴⁷ proposes move violently as orig. meaning, but ref. to thunderous sound everywhere, except Ez 27:35 where text dub., v. infr.; cf. Aramaic רַעַם רְעִים n. thunder, רְעֵם vb. thunder; especially Aph. Ithpa. utter (loud) complaints; ܪܥܶܡ, ܪܰܥܡܳܐ (r˓em, ra˓mo) n. thunder, ܪܥܶܡ (r˓em) vb. thunder, lament, cf. NH רָעַם Hiph. thunder, Hithp. complain; Ethiopic ረዓም (ra˓ām) n. thunder, Assyrian rîmu, id.; Arabic رَغِمَ (rağima) vex, dislike, etc.).

†רַ֫עַם S TWOT GK n.[m.] thunder;—ascribed to י׳: ר׳ abs. Is 29:6, בְּסֵתֶר רַ֑עַם ψ 81:8 (Baer Gi; i. e. thunder-cloud); sf. קוֹל רַעַמְךָ 77:19; 104:7; cstr. רַעַם גבורתו Jb 26:14 (fig. of י׳’s display of might; opp. שֵׁמֶץ); fig. of captins, ר׳ שָׂרִים 39:25, i.e. thunderous shouting ( + תְּרוּעָה).

†[רָעַם S TWOT GK^, ] vb.denom. thunder;—Qal make the sound of thunder, thunder: Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַם let the sea thunder (in praise, || שׂמח, גיל, עלז, הריע, מחא כף, רנן) ψ 96:11 = 1 Ch 16:32, ψ 98:7.—Pf. 3 pl. רָֽעֲמוּ פָּנִים Ez 27:35 is dub.: faces tremble (Toy are convulsed), or they tremble (cf. Hi-Sm Krae; AV RV are troubled) in face, lacks etym. support (otherwise Gerber 47, but v. √ supr.); G S Co דָּֽמְעוּ פְּנֵיהֶם. Hiph. (Gerber⁴⁷) thunder, cause thunder;—Pf. 3 ms. הִרְעִים ψ 29:3; Impf. 3 ms. יַרְעֵם (on—ֵ v. Kö^{, 210}) ψ 18:14 +; וַיַּרְעֵם 1 S 7:10; 2 ms. תַּרְעֵם Jb 40:9; 1 S 1:6 v. infr.;—thunder, of י׳ (God) 2:10; 7:10 (both c. עַל pers. against whom), ψ 18:14 = 2 S 22:14, ψ 29:3 Jb 37:4, 5, cf. 40:9.—הְרְּעִמָהּ 1 S 1:6 is appar. Inf. cstr. sf. (Ges ^{20 h; 22 s}), but not understood by G and dub.: AV RV to make her fret, cf. Aramaic utter (loud) complaints (Weir in Dr ²⁹¹); perhaps corrupt HPS.

רַעְמָא S TWOT GK v. ii. רַעְמָה.

†i. רַעְמָה S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} (Gi^{Intr. 127 f.}) n.f. vibration? quivering mane? of horse’s neck: Jb 39:19 hast thou clothed his neck (with) ר׳? so most, but very uncertain.

†ii. רַעְמָה S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} , רַעְמָא S TWOT GK (Gi^{Intr. 124 ff.}) n.pr.m. ‘son’ of Cush, ה—ָ Gn 10:7⁽⁾ = א—ָ I Ch 1:9⁽⁾ (Baer, v. his note; van d. H. Gi ה—ָ v b); Ρεγχμα Ρεγμα; ה—ָ as trading people Ez 27:22, Ραμα, Ραγμα. Identified by many with city Ῥεγ(α)μα (Ptol ^{vi. 7, 14}), ῾ηγμα (Steph. Byz.), in SE. Arabia, on Pers. Gulf (so even DHM ^{xxx (1876), 122} Glas ^{ii. 251, 325}) but this is رجمة (rjmt) in inscr. (Glas^{ib. 252}); < Sab. רעֿמה near Me˓în in SW. Arabia (Hom ¹³¹ Hal ^{535, 11}, cf. DHM); perhaps = Ῥαμμανῖται of Strabo ^{xvi, 4, 24}, v. Di Gn 10:7.

רַעַמְיָה S GK (? thunder of י׳) Ne 7:7 v. רְעֵלָיָה.

†רַֽעַמְסֵס n.pr.loc. Ex 1:11 (J), = רַעְמְסֵס Gn 47:11 Ex 12:37 Nu 33:3, 5 (all P), Ramses, city in Egypt; Ραμες(ς)η; built by King Rameses II (hence its name; the king used Israelitish corvée according to Ex 1:11), near Tel el-Maskhuta (Pithom), but not certainly identified, v. פִּתֹם and reff.; אֶרֶץ ר׳ Gn 47:11 of district round.

†[רָעַן S TWOT^, GK] vb. only Pa˓lel. be or grow luxuriant, fresh, green;—Pf. 3 fs. רַעֲנָֽנָה (De ^Hiob) Jb 15:32 (of branch, in fig.).

†רַעֲנָן S TWOT GK^, adj. luxuriant, fresh;—m. ר׳ Dt 12:2 +; f. רַעֲנָנָה Ct 1:16; mpl. רַעֲנַנִּים ψ 92:15;—luxuriant, of trees: בְּרוֹשׁ Ho 14:9, זַיִת ψ 52:10 (both sim.), Je 11:16 (fig.); sim. also, כְּאֶזְרָה ר׳ ψ 37:35 (but read כְּאֶרֶז הַלְּבָנוֹן G and most); especially in phrase תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ ר׳ place of idolatrous rites, Dt 12:2 1 K 14:23 2 K 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4, 2 K 17:10 Je 2:20; 3:6, 13 Is 57:5 Ez 6:13; עַל־עֵץ ר׳ Je 17:2 (si vera l.); leaf v 8 (fig.); leafy couch Ct 1:16; fresh, oil ψ 92:11; fresh, flourishing, pers. (fig., as trees) v 15 ( + דְּשֵׁנִים).

I. רעע (√ of foll.; orig. meaning dub.).

†רֹעַ S TWOT GK n.[m.] badness, evil;—ר׳ abs. Gn 41:19 + 4 times Je; cstr. Ho 9:15 + 13 times;— 1. badness, bad quality, of cattle Gn 41:19 (E), figs Je 24:2, 3, 8; 29:17. 2. wilfulness, רֹעַ לבב 1 S 17:28 (Gerber¹⁶¹ makes 2 and 4 [inf. of] vb.). 3. ethical, evil, badness, only in phr.: רֹעַ מעללים evil of doings Dt 28:20 Is 1:16 Je 4:4; 21:12; 23:2, 22; 25:5; 26:3; 44:22 Ho 9:15 ψ 28:4 (cf. רַע מעללים 1 S 25:3). 4. sadness, ר׳ פָּנִים Ec 7:3, ר׳ לֵב Ne 2:2 (cf. [רַעַע] 2).

i. רַע S TWOT GK₂₂₆ adj. bad, evil (distinction from n., and vb. Pf. 3 ms., is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ);—ms. רַע Gn 6:5 +; רָ֑ע 31:24 +; pl. רָעִים 13:13 +; cstr. רָעֵי Ez 7:24 (del. Co); fs. רָעָה Gn 37:2 + 37 times (this form usually noun), pl. רָעוֹת 28:8 + 14 times; רָעֹת 41:27 (18 times noun);—† 1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Ex 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, vb. 3 fs. רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, pl. Gn 28:8 (P); of poisionous herb 2 K 4:41, malignant boils Dt 28:35 Jb 2:7, diseases Dt 7:15; 28:59 2 Ch 21:19 Ec 6:2, deadly sword ψ 144:10, arrows Ez 5:16, severe judgments 14:21, wonders Dt 6:22; מַלְאֲכֵּי רָעִים ψ 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew ^{287 a} Ges ^{130 e}), wild beasts Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; unclean thing Dt 23:10. † 2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gn 47:9 (P) Pr 15:15; עִנְיָן רע Ec 1:13; 5:13; עִנְיַן 4:8, cf. 2:17; 9:3; הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע 4:3; הדבר הרע evil report Ex 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gn 37:2 (JE) Nu 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Dt 22:14, 19 Ne 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Je 49:23 ψ 112:7; of things: painful discipline Pr 15:10, evil occurrence 1 K 5:18, evil(-bringing) net Ec 9:12, instruments Is 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Jos 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Is 3:11 Je 2:19; of speech, דבּר, רע או טוב Gn 24:50 (J) in prov., speak bad or good = anything at all, טטוב עד רע 31:24, 29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2 S 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1 S 16:14, 15, 16, 23; 18:10; 19:9 (see רוּחַ 9). † 3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים 1 S 29:7. † 4. bad of its kind, land Nu 13:19 (J), place 20:5 (JE), waters 2 K 2:19, figs Je 24:2, 3⁽⁾, 8, kine Gn 41:3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 27 (E), מוּם רע Dt 15:21, cf. 17:1. † 5. bad, i. e. of low value Lv 27:10⁽⁾, 12, 14, 33 (H), cf. Mal 1:8⁽⁾; רַע רַע יֹאמַר הַקּוֹנֶה Pr 20:14⁽⁾. † 6. + מִן comp., worse than, 2 S 19:8; as superl., רָעֵי גוֹיִם Ez 7:24 worst of nations (del. Co). † 7. sad, unhappy: לֶב־רָ֑ע sad heart (cf. opp. טוב, יטב) Pr 25:20; of face Gn 40:7 (E) Ne 2:2; רע לְפָּנָין v 1. † 8. הָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ez 38:10 Est 9:25. † 9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵב־רָ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Pr 26:23; רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Pr 23:6; 28:22; רוּחַ רָעָה Ju 9:23 bad temper. 10. ethically bad, evil, wicked: †a. in gen., אם טוב ואם רע Ec 12:14 whether good or bad. †b. of persons, אישׁ דע 1 S 30:22; אדם רע ψ 140:2; המן הרע הזה Est 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man ψ 10:15, Jb 21:30 Pr 11:21; 12:13; 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gn 13:13 (J) Je 6:29; 15:21 Ez 30:12 Jb 35:12 Pr 4:14; 12:12; 14:19; 15:3; רָעוֹת evil women Je 2:33; שׁכנים רעים 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֹר Dt 1:35, הָעָם Je 13:10; הָעֵדָה Nu 14:27, 35 (P), המשׁפחה Je 8:3; רַע כְּעֵינֵי י׳ wicked in the eyes of י׳ Gn 38:7 (JE) = 1 Ch 2:3; עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Nu 32:13 (R) Dt 4:25; 9:18; 17:2; 31:29 Ju 2:11 + 48 times, + (c. sf. of God) 2 K 21:15 Is 65:12; 66:4 Je 7:30; 32:30 ψ 51:6 2 S 12:9, prob. also Je 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה). c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gn 6:5; 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Je 3:17; 7:24; 11:8; 16:12; 18:12; words, רעות Pr 15:28. d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (ך)דבר הרע Dt 13:12; 17:5; 19:20 Ne 13:17; עשׂה הרעות Je 3:5; דבר רע ψ 64:6; 141:4 Ec 8:3, 5; דברים 1 S 2:23 2 K 17:11; דֶּרֶךְ 1 K 13:33 Je 18:11; 23:22 + 11 times; דרכים 2 K 17:13 2 Ch 7:14 Ez 20:44; 33:11; 36:31 Zc 1:4; מעשׂינוּ Ezr 9:13; מעללים Zc 1:4 Ne 9:35 (cf. רֹעַ 4); כֶּצַע רע Hb 2:9; מרוצתם Je 23:10; (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ez 6:11; 8:9 (del. Co); כִּי רָעוֹת כִּמְגוּרָם ψ 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

ii. רַע S TWOT GK₁₂₆ n.m. Jb 30:26 evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity;—abs. רַע Nu 11:1 +, בְּרָע Ex 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gn 48:16 +;—† 1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil ψ 23:4 Zp 3:15; בּוֹרֵא רָ֑ע Is 45:7 (of God), הביא רע 31:2; מתאננים רַע Nu 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Je 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֹם רע Am 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע ψ 49:6; 94:13; כי טיב קויבא רע Jb 30:26; בְּרָע in adversity Ex 5:19 (E) ψ 10:6; יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Pr 13:17; אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gn 44:34 (J); בכל־רע Pr 5:14, מכל רע Gn 48:16 (E) ψ 121:7; v. also Mi 1:12 ψ 140:12 Jb 5:19; 31:29 Pr 12:21; 19:23. † 2. evil, injury, wrong: Hb 2:9 Jb 2:10 Pr 21:10; עשׂה רע, + עִם pers. Gn 31:29 (E); ל pers. Je 39:12; as obj. of חשּׁך Ho 7:15, חרשׁ Pr 6:14; 12:20; 14:22, השׁיב ψ 54:7, גמל 7:5 Pr 31:12, בקּשׁ 17:11, שׁלּם 20:22, אמר ψ 41:6, דבּר 109:20; דבּר בְּרָע 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַכֵּא טוֹב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1 K 22:8, 18 = 2 Ch (18:7 לְרָעָה), 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Is 59:7 Je 7:6; 25:7 ψ 56:6 Pr 1:16; 21:12 Ec 8:9; רַע יֵרוֹעַ Pr 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, v. Toy). 3. ethical evil, Dt 30:15 2 S 14:17 Is 5:20 Am 5:14 Mi 7:3 + 10 times; עשׂה רע 2 K 21:9 2 Ch 12:14; 33:9 Ne 9:28 + 8 times; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mi 2:1; אהב רע 3:2 (Qr), ψ 52:5; שׂנא רע Am 5:15 ψ 97:10 Pr 8:13; מאס רע ψ 36:5; מאס ברע Is 7:15, 16; בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Dt 13:6 + 8 times Dt; לֹא יְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע ψ 5:5 (adj. = evil man Hup De al.); ידע טוב ורע Gn 2:9, 17; 3:5, 22 (all J), Dt 1:39; סר מֵרָע Is 59:15 ψ 34:15; 37:27 Pr 3:7 + 8 times; כי ברע הוא Ex 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים ψ 7:10; רע מעללים 1 S 25:3, cf. Mi 3:4 (v. רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Je 5:28; תַּהְפֻּכוֹת רָ֑ע Pr 2:14; אֹרַח רע ψ 119:101; עֲצַת רע Ez 11:22; מֵחְשְׁבוֹת רע Pr 15:26; אִישׁ רע 29:6; אַנְשֵׁי רע 28:5; אֵשֶׁת רע 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

רָעָה S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , , ,} ₃₁₀ n.f. evil, misery, distress, injury;—abs. ר׳ Gn 26:29 +; cstr. רָעַת 6:5 +; sf. רָֽעָתִי ψ 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1 K 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Je 11:15 (text dub.); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1 S 12:17, etc.; pl. רָעוֹת Dt 31:17 +; רָעֹת Je 44:9 Ex 23:2; sf. רָעוֹתֵיכֶם 1 S 10:19 +, etc.;— 1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Pr 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ez 7:5⁽⁾; c. עַל Is 47:11 (read באה for בא), Je 5:12 + 5 times; c. אֶל Je 2:3; 51:60; †הביא רעה Je 4:6 1 K 21:29; + אֶל 2 S 17:14 + 8 times K Je; + עַל 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22, Je 19:3 + 6 times Je + 8 times; + אֶל et על Je 19:15; 36:31; יוֹם רעה 17:17, 18 + 5 times; יְמֵי הרעה †Ec 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De ^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֹת evils Dt 31:17⁽⁾, 21 (JE), 32:23 (poem), ψ 34:20; 40:13; 88:4; עֵת רָעָה Am 5:13 Je 2:27, 28 + 5 times; †ראה ברעה Nu 11:15 (JE) Ob 13 Est 8:6; †ראה רעה Je 44:17 ψ 90:15 Pr 22:3 = 27:12; †יפול ברעה 17:20; 28:14; †בְּרָעָה Je 44:29 (J) Pr 14:32; 24:16 Ne 1:3 1 Ch 7:23 ψ 107:26; ברעותיכם 141:5; נִחַם עַל רָעָה Ex 32:12, 14 (J) Je 8:6 + 6 times; c. אֶל 2 S 24:16 Je 26:3, 13, 19; 42:10. 2. evil, injury, wrong: †עשׂה רעה 2 S 12:18 Je 26:19; 41:11; c. עִם Gn 26:29 (J) Ju 15:3 2 S 13:16; c. את Ju 11:27; c. ל 1 S 6:9 1 K 2:44 + 4 times; c. אֶל Je 44:7; obj. of vbs. חשׁב Gn 50:20 (E) Je 36:3; 48:2 + 7 times; †חרשׁ 1 S 23:9 Pr 3:29; הֵשִׁיב Gn 50:15 (E) Ju 9:56, 57 + 4 times; †גמל Gn 50:17 (E) 1 S 24:18 (17) Is 3:9 Pr 3:30; בקשׁ Nu 35:23 (P) 1 S 24:10 (9); 25:26 + 4 times; †שׁלּם Gn 44:4 (J) Je 18:20; 51:24 ψ 35:12; 38:21; לְרָעָה for harm Gn 31:52 Ex 23:2 (E) Dt 29:20 Ju 2:15 2 S 18:32 Je 21:10 + 8 times Je, Am 9:4 Zc 1:15 Pr 6:18 Ec 5:12; בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Ex 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Ec 2:21; רָעָה חוֹלָה Ec 5:12, 15. 3. ethical evil, 1 S 12:17, 19; 24:12; 26:18 Is 47:10 Je 2:19 + 13 times Je, + 18 times, + foll.: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gn 39:9 Dt 31:18 (J) + 5 times + Je 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Ec 8:11; אהב רעה Mi 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Je 18:8; 23:14; 44:5; בִּעֵר רעה מ׳ Ju 20:13 (v ii. רַע 36); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Je 7:12; 44:3; מפני רָעַת רעתכם Ho 10:15; בגלל ר׳ Je 11:17; על כל ר׳ 1:16; 32:32; 33:5; מֵר׳ ψ 107:34 Je 12:4; אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Pr 24:1.

[רָעַע S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ]₉₈ vb. denom. be evil, bad;—†Qal Pf. 3 ms. רַע Nu 22:34 + 3 times, רָ֑ע 11:10; 3 fs. רָעָה Dt 15:9 (Ex 21:8 v. i.רַע); Impf. 3 ms. יֵרַע (Ges ^{67 p}) Gn 21:12 +; 3 fs. תֵּרַע Dt 28:54, 56; 3 mpl. יֵרְעוּ Ne 2:3;— 1. be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Nu 11:10; 22:34 (J), Jos 24:15 (E), Je 40:4 Pr 24:18 (c. וְ consec.) impf. יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Gn 21:11, 12 (E), 48:17 (J), 1 S 8:6; 18:8 2 S 11:25; later, וַיֵּרַע אֶל Jon 4:1 or וירע לְ Ne 2:10 (intensified by רָעָה גְדוֹלָה), וַיֵּרַע לִי מְאֹד 13:8. 2. be sad: ירע לבב Dt 15:10 1 S 1:8; יֵֽרְעוּ פָנַי Ne 2:3. 3. be injurious, evil: וַיֵּרַע לְ ψ 106:32 it went ill with Moses, pers. subj. 2 S 20:6; רַעָה עַיִן be grudging, c. ב pers., Dt 15:9; 28:54, 56. 4. be evil, wicked, ethically: וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Gn 38:10 (J) 2 S 11:27 Is 59:15; בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים 1 Ch 21:7. †Niph. suffer hurt: Impf. 3 ms. יֵרוֹעַ (רַע) Pr 11:15; 13:20. Hiph.₇₀ Pf. 3 ms. הֵרַע Ex 5:23 +; 2 ms. הֲרֵעוֹתָ 1 K 17:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֵעַ Zp 1:12, וַיָּ֫רַע 1 K 16:25; 2 ms. תָּרַע ψ 44:3 +, etc. inf. abs. הָרֵעַ 1 S 12:25 1 Ch 21:17; cstr.הָרַע Gn 31:7 + 8 times, הָרֵ֑עַ Is 1:16 + 4 times; Pt. מֵרַע Is 9:16 Pr 17:4; pl. מְרֵעִים Is 1:4 +;— 1. do an injury, hurt: abs. Gn 44:5 (J), Is 11:9 = 65:25, Je 31:28 Pr 4:16; 24:8; opp. היטיב Is 41:23 Je 10:5 Zp 1:12 (all in prov. phr. = do anything at all, cf. רָע 2); הרע ל Gn 19:9; 43:6 Ex 5:22, 23 Nu 11:11 (J) 20:15 Jos 24:20 (E) + 5 times; c. acc. pers. Nu 16:15 (J) + 4 times; c. בְּ, 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15 (c. ל), Je 25:29 ψ 74:3; c. עִמָּדִי Gn 31:7 (E); c. על 1 K 17:20; c. ל + inf. Je 16:12; swear לְהָרַע, = to one’s hurt, ψ 15:4 Lv 5:4 (P); Pt. = subst. לְבָבָם לְמֵרָע Dn 11:27 (shall be) for mischief. 2. do evil, wickedly: abs. Gn 19:7 (J) 1 S 12:25⁽⁾ + 6 times; opp. היטיב Je 4:22; 13:23; c. מִן comp., 1 K 14:9; 16:25 2 K 21:11 Je 7:26; 16:12; c. acc. הֵרֵעוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Mi 3:4, cf. 1 S 25:3; Pt. מֵרַע evil doer, Is 9:16 Pr 17:4; pl. Je 20:13; 23:14 ψ 27:2 + 7 times; זֶרַע מ׳ Is 1:4; 14:20; בית מ׳ 31:2; עֲדַת מ׳ ψ 22:17; קְהַל מ׳ 26:5; סוֹד מ׳ 64:3.

†II. [רָעַע S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. break (Aramaic loan-word = Heb. רָצַץ q.v.);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. רָעוּ Je 11:16; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֹעַ Je 15:12 Jb 34:24, 2 ms. sf. תְּרֹעֵם ψ 2:9 (but v. infr.); inf. abs. רֹ֫עָה Is 24:19 (del. ה as dittogr. and read רֹעַ, v. Hithpō˓.); Pt. f. רֹעָה (? for רֹעֲעָה) Pr 25:19:— 3. trans. הֲיָרֹעַ כַּרְזֶל בַּרְזֶל וגו׳ Je 15:12 can one break iron, iron out of the north? cf. יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים Jb 34:24; תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל ψ 2:9 (but read תִּרְעֵם, v. I. רעה, G S B Hup-Now al.). 4. intrans. break = be broken, of branches Je 11:16 (in fig.; Gf Or al.; > Hi Gie are in a sad state, √ I. רעע); שֵׁן רֹעָה Pr 25:19 a broken tooth (ר׳ = רֹעֲעָה?; Frankenb Niph. Pt. נְרָעָה, cf. Toy, but Niph. not elsewhere; Vrss רָעָה bad).—רֹ֫עוּ Is 8:9 read דְּעוּ (G Lo Che al., || הַאֲזִינוּ). Hithpō˓. Pf. 3 fs. + Qal inf. abs. (v. supr.) רֹעַ הִתְרֹעֲעָה הָ֤א֚רץ Is 24:19 the earth is broken asunder (|| פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה, מוֹט הִתְמוֹטְטָה); also inf. cstr. לְהִתְרוֹעֵעַ Pr 18:24 will be broken in pieces (Ges ^{114 i}), ruined, De al., but < read לְהִתְרָעוֹת Vrss Toy al., v. II. רעה Hithp. (see, however, Dr^{Expos. Times xi (1899–1900), 230 f.}).

†[רָעַף S TWOT GK] vb. trickle, drip, synon. of נזל, II. ערף (cf. Arabic رَعَفَ (ra˓afa) flow (of blood), bleed (of the nose));—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִרְעֲפוּ, of clouds Jb 36:28 (c. עֲלֵי pers.; || יִזְּלוּ), c. acc. mat. טַל Pr 3:20; fig. מַעְגָּלֶיךָ יִרְעֲפוּן דָּ֑שֶׁן ψ 65:12 (i.e. fertilizing rain); subj. of moistened ground, נְאוֹת מִדְבָּר, v 13. Hiph. Imv. mpl. הַרְעִיפוּ Is 45:8 trickle, O heavens, from above (fig.: || יִזְּלוּ צֶדֶק).

†[רָעַץ S TWOT GK] vb. shatter (Aramaic רְעַץ smite, shatter; cf. perhaps TelAm. raḫâṣu, Wkl ^{128, 31; 137, 32}); Qal Impf. 3 fs. יְמִינְךָ י׳ תִּרְעַץ אוֹיֵב Ex 15:6; 3 m. pl. וַיִּרְעֲצוּ Ju 10:8, acc. pers. (of men; || וַיְרֹצְצוּ).

†[רָעַשׁ S TWOT GK^, ] vb. quake, shake, intr. (NH = BH, so Aramaic ܪܥܰܫ (r˓aš) (rare), and (once) רְעַשׁ toss, rage (of sea); Arabic رَعَسَ (ra˓asa), usually رَعِشَ, رَعَشَ (ra˓iša, ra˓aša) (loan-word?), tremble, quiver, quake; cf. perhaps Assyrian rêŝu exult);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. רָֽעֲשָׁה Je 8:16; 49:21, רָעָ֑שָׁה Ju 5:4 ψ 68:9; 3 pl. רָעֲשׁוּ Jo 2:10 +, etc. Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַשׁ ψ 72:16, 3 fpl. תִּרְעְשְׁנָה Ez 26:10, etc.; Pt. pl. רֹעֲשִׁים Je 4:24;—quake, shake, of earth Ju 5:4 = ψ 68:9, 2 S 22:8 (|| רגז = ψ 18:8 (|| id.), ψ 77:19 ( + רגז), also Is 13:13 (c. עַל־כֵּן, + מִמְּקוֹמוֹ, pregn.; || רָגַז), Je 51:29; c. מִן caus. Je 8:16; 10:10; 49:21; of מוֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ Is 24:18; of heavens Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי caus.; || רָגַז); heavens and earth 4:16; mts. Je 4:24 Na 1:5 (מִן pers. caus.), ψ 46:4 (ב caus.); walls Ez 26:10 (מִן caus.); אִיִּים v 15 (id.); מִגְרשׁוֹת 27:28 (ל caus.); הַסִּפִּים Am 9:1; all living things Ez 38:20 (מִפָּנַי caus.); of waving grain ψ 72:16. Niph. נִרְעֲשָׁה הָאָרֶץ Je 50:46 is made to quake (מִקּוֹל). Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִרְעַשְׁתָּה ψ 60:4; 1 s. הִרְעַשְׁתִּי 31:16; וְהִר׳ consec. Hg 2:7; Impf. 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. (הֲ)תַרְעִישֶׁנּוּ Jb 39:20; Pt. מַרְעִישׁ Is 14:16 + 2 times;— 5. cause to quake, subj. י׳, c. acc. of heavens, earth, nations, etc., Hg 2:6, 7, 21, cf. ψ 60:4; nations + מִקּוֹל Ez 31:16; subj. man, c. acc. of kingdoms Is 14:16 (|| מַרְגִּיז). 6. cause (horse) to spring, leap (like locust), man subj., Jb 39:20.

†רַ֫עַשׂ n.m. Je 10, 22 quaking, shaking;—ר׳ abs. 1 K 19:11 +, cstr. Na 3:2 Jb 41:21;— 1. specif. earthquake, Am 1:1 Zc 14:5 1 K 19:11⁽⁾, 12; fig. of י׳’s judgment Is 29:6 Ez 38:19; cf. (in vision) קוֹל ר׳ גָּדוֹל 3:12, 13; prob. also 37:7 (G Thes Co Krae; > rustling, rattling, Hi-Sm Toy); hence hyperbol. of shaking of earth by tramping of warriors Is 9:4, by war-chariots Je 47:3, cf. 10:22, or wheels Na 3:2. 2. quaking, trembling, of pers. Ez 12:18. 3. shaking, quivering, of horse eager to start Jb 39:24 ( + רֹגֶז); of dart Jb 41:21 (al. rushing sound).