צ, ץ

צ, ץ Ṣādê, eighteenth letter; used as numeral 90 in post Biblical Hebrew.

[צֵאָה S TWOT GK], צֹאָה S TWOT GK, [צֹאִי S TWOT^, GK] v. צוא.

†צֶאֱלִים S TWOT GK n.m.pl. a kind of lotus (Rhamnus (more exactly Zizyphus), Lotus [Linn.], thorny lotus (not sacred Nymphaea Lotus); Saad. ضَالٌ (ḍālun), cf. AW De Job 2, Syriac ܥܳܐܠܴܐ (˓olo), v. Löw ^{p. 275});—Jb 40:21, 22.

צאן TWOT (√ of foll.; Dl^{; 87 f.}; cp. Assyrian ṣênu, adj., good, docile; Thes (cf. Lag ¹³⁶) cp. יָצָא [as πρόβατον from προβαίνω]; Assyrian ṣênu = BH צֹאן, and so NH id., MI³¹ צאן; Arabic ضَأْنٌ (ḍa˒nun) id.; TelAm. ṣunu is Canaanitish according to Zim ^{vi (1891), 156}; Aramaic עָנָא, ܥܳܢܳܐ (˓ono), and perhaps Palm. ענא).

צֹאן S^, TWOT GK^, ₂₇₃ n.coll.f. Gn 30:36 (poss. m. v 39a +, Kö ^{§ 247 g}, but dub., v 39b c. vb. fpl., as usually; in 1 S 15:14 join הַזֶּה with קוֹל; v. further Albr ^{xv (1895), 316 ff.}) small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks;—צ׳ abs. Gn 4:2 +, cstr. 29:9 +; sf. צֹאנוֹ 4:4 +; צֹאנֵנוּ Ex 10:9, צֹאונֵנוּ ψ 144:13; as pl. צֹאנֵינוּ Ne 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer); s. [צֹנֶא] צֹנֶה p. 856, etc.;— 1. lit. a. small cattle, usually of sheep and goats in one flock (Rob ^{i. 477}) Gn 30:31, 32 +; sheep specified also 21:28 (כִּבְשׂת הַצּ׳), 31:38 (אֵילֵי צ׳) +; sheep only 1 S 25:2 ( + עִזִּים); goats specified Gn 27:9 Je 50:8; צ׳ as yielding (1) animals for food Am 6:4 (כָּרִים), 1 S 14:32 2 S 12:4 Ne 5:18 +; צ׳ מַאֲכָל ψ 44:12 (in sim.); (2) wool Gn 31:19 + (v. [גָּזַז], גֵּז); (3) milk, חֲלֵב צ׳ Dt 32:14 (? goats’ milk, cf. Pr 27:27); (4) sacrif. victims Gn 4:4 (J), Lv 1:2, 10; 3:6 Nu 15:3 (all P), 22:40 (E), Dt 12:6, 17, 21 + often; so צֹאן קָדָשִׁים Ex 36:38a, cf. בְּכוֹרֵי בְקָרֵינוּ וְצֹאנֵינוּ Ne 10:37; in gen. as property (often + בָּקָר, etc.) Gn 12:16; 13:5; 24:35 Jb 1:3; 42:12 + often (v. also ii. [עַשְׁתָּרוֹת]); gift Gn 20:14; 21:27; 38:17 (goat), Dt 15:14 2 Ch 17:11; booty 1 S 15:9, 15 +. b. צ׳ sometimes of a definite number of animals (i.e. as pl. of שֶׂה, etc.): two Is 7:21, four Ex 21:37 (larger numbers v. 1 S 25:2, 5, 18 Nu 31:32, 36 Ne 5:18 Jb 1:3; 42:12 supr.).—Vid. also בֵּן 7 b; גְּדֵרָה, מִכְלָה, מַרְבֵּץ, נָוֶה, עֵדֶר; כֶּלֶב, רֹעֶה, שַׁעַר. 2. sim. of multitude Ez 36:37, 38, cf. ψ 107:41; of children Jb 21:11; of dead, with death as shepherd ψ 49:15; of (shepherdless) Isr. Nu 27:17 1 K 22:17 = 2 Ch 18:16, Zc 10:2; 13:7, wandering in sin Is 53:6; of Isr. led by י׳ ψ 77:21; 78:52; 80:2, cf. Zc 9:16 (on text v. We Now); Ez 34:12; of Isr. in distress, כְּצ׳ טִבְחָה ψ 44:23, cf. (of wicked) צ׳ לְטִבְחָה Je 12:3; of scattered Bab. Is 13:14. 3. metaph. of multitude, צ׳ אָדָם Ez 36:38; of Isr. 2 S 24:17 = 1 Ch 21:17, Je 23:1, 2, 3 Ez 24:5, and especially sustained fig. 34:2, 3 + 17 times 34, also Zc 11:7, 17; צ׳ אֹבְדוֹת Je 50:6, צ׳ תִּפְאַרְתֵּךְ 13:20; of Isr. under י׳’s care, (-וֹ, י—ִ) צ׳ מַרְעִיתֶ֑ךָ ψ 74:1; 79:13; 100:3 Ez 34:31, also צ׳ יָדוֹ ψ 95:7 (|| עַם־מַרְעִיתוֹ; read perhaps צ׳ מַרְעִיתוֹ, עַם יָדוֹ, so Che al.); צ׳ נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Mi 7:14; also in combinations: אַדִּירֵי הַצּ׳ Je 25:34, 35, 36, צ׳ חַהֲרֵגָה Zc 11:4, 7 (cf. ψ 44:23), עֲנִיֵּי הַצּ׳ v 7, 11 (all of Isr.); of Edom צְעִירֵי הַצּ׳ Je 49:20; 50:45.

†צַאֲנָן S GK n.pr.loc. Mi 1:11 Σεννααρ [ν], perhaps = צְנָן in the Shephelah of Judah Jos 15:37, Σεννα(μ).

[צֶאֱצָא] v. יצא.

i, ii. צָב S TWOT^, GK^, v. i, ii. צבב.

†[צָבָא S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. wage war, serve (Sab. צֿבא wage war with, also n. army, campaign Hom ¹²⁵ CIS ^{iv. 299, 1. 2} DHM ^{i. 28}; Ethiopic ጸብአ (ṣab˒a) (> ፀብአ (ḍab˒a)) wage war; Assyrian ṣâbu, man, soldier; Nö ^{xl (1886), 726} al. cp. (on account of Sab. Ethiopic ץֿ) Arabic ضَبَأَ (ḍaba˒a) conceal oneself, hence lie in wait; this is phonetically suitable, but better in meaning would be صَبَأَ (ṣaba˒a) go or come forth (against one), etc., so Thes Lag ²¹; Frä²³² cp. صَبِىٌّ (ṣabiyyun) young man);—Qal Pf. 3 mpl. צָֽבְאוּ Ex 38:8 Zc 14:12; Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְבְּאוּ Nu 31:7; Inf. cstr. לִצְבֹּא Is 31:4; לִצְבֹא Nu 4:23; 8:24; Pt. pl. צֹבְאִים Nu 31:42 Is 29:7, 8; sf. צֹבֶיהָ Is 29:7 (Ges ^{75 oo}; Di צָרֶיהָ); fpl. צֹבְאֹת Ex 38:8; צֹבְאוֹת 1 S 2:22;— 1. wage war, fight, c. עַל against, Nu 31:7 (P) Is 29:7, 8; 31:4 Zc 14:12, c. sf. Is 29:7 (?); abs. Nu 31:42 (P). 2. serve at sacred tent, Levites, c. acc. צָבָא Nu 4:23; 8:24 (P); women Ex 38:8⁽⁾ (P) 1 S 2:22. Hiph. Pt. הַמַּצְבִּא אֶת־עַם וגו׳ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25 muster.

צָבָא S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ₄₈₅ n.m. 2 Ch 28:9 (poss. f. Is 40:2 Dn 8:12, but v. Albr ^{xv (1895), 319}; Bev Dn) army, war, warfare;—abs. צ׳ Nu 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zc 9:8 v. p. 663 a); cstr. צְבָא Nu 10:15 +; sf. צְבָאִי Jb 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Ju 8:9; 9:29; צְבָאָיו ψ 103:21; 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read prob. in both), etc.; pl. צְבָאוֹת Nu 20:9 + 278 times; cstr. צִבְאוֹת Ex 12:41 + 2 times; sf. צִבְאֹתַי 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם 6:26 +, etc.;— 1. army, host: a. organized for war Ju 8:6; 9:29 (J) Is 34:2 Je 51:3 2 Ch 28:9; צְבָאוֹ his host Nu 2:4, 6 + 10 times 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם 1:3, 52; 2:3, 9 + 11 times 2, 10, 33:1 (P); אַלְפֵי הצ׳ 31:48 (P); צ׳ ישׂראל 2 Ch 25:7; חֵיל (ה)צ׳ 1 Ch 20:1 2 Ch 26:13; גְּדוּדֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 7:4; כל־הצבא 2 S 3:23; 10:7 1 Ch 19:8 2 Ch 26:14; שַׂר (ה)צ׳ captain of (the) host Gn 21:22, 32 (E) 26:26 (J) Ju 4:2, 7 1 S 12:9 + 21 times; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבא 1 K 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1 Ch 25:1; 26:26 2 Ch 33:11; שָׂרִים בצ׳ 1 Ch 12:22; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבאות Dt 20:9 1 K 2:5 1 Ch 27:3; רָאשֵׁי הצ׳ 1 Ch 12:14; מַלְכֵי צבאות ψ 68:13; עַל (ה)צ׳ over the host (as captain) Nu 10:14, 15 + 10 times Nu 10 (P), 2 S 8:16 = 1 Ch 18:15, 2 S 17:25 1 K 2:35; 4:4; אל־כל הצ׳ 2 S 20:23 (אל for על); עַל־צִבְאֹתָם Ex 6:26; 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Ex 7:4 12:17 (P); יצא צ׳ army goes forth (to war) Ex 12:41 1 Ch 7:11; לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֹתֵינוּ ψ 44:10, of י׳ going with our armies = 60:12 = 108:12; fig. of great number, צבא רב 68:12.—On חֲלִיפוֹת וְצָבָא Jb 10:17 v. Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָ) i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me. b. host (organized body) of angels (cf. Lu 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 18:18, Ne 9:6; כל צבאיו ψ 103:21; 148:2; צבא הַמָּרוֹם Is 24:21 host of the high (angel-princes; || earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dn 8:10, הצבא v 10 (al. v b fig. of Israel); שׂר צ׳ י׳ captain of the host of י׳ Jos 5:14, 15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dn 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God). c. of sun, moon and stars, כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 17:3 2 K 17:16; 21:3, 5 = 2 Ch 33:3, 5, 2 K 23:4, 5 Je 8:2; 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Is 34:4; צ׳ השׁמים Je 33:22 Zp 1:5; כל צבאם Ne 9:6 ψ 33:6 Is 34:4; 45:12; צבאם Is 40:26.—Je 3:19 v. i. צְבִי. d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gn 2:1. 2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Nu 1:3, 20 + 12 times Nu 1, 26:2 (P) 1 Ch 5:18; 7:11; 12:33, 36 2 Ch 25:5; 26:11; יצא בצ׳ Nu 31:36 (P) Dt 24:5; יצא לצ׳ Nu 31:27, 28 (P); עלה לצ׳ go up to war Jos 22:12, 33 (P); בא מצ׳ come from war Nu 31:14 2 Ch 28:12; קבץ לצ׳ 1 S 28:1; שׁלח לצ׳ Nu 31:4, 6⁽⁾ (P); התיחשׂם בּצ׳ 1 Ch 7:40; צ׳ תִנָּתֵן Dn 8:12; אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ׳ men of war Nu 31:21, 53 (P) 1 Ch 12:9, cf. עַם הצ׳ Nu 31:32 (P); v. also II. חלץ; גִבּוֹרֵי חַיִל לצ׳ 1 Ch 12:25; כְּלֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:37 instruments of war. 3. service: a. of Levites in sacred places Nu 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43; 8:24, 25; קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dn 8:13 (al. as v 11, 1 b). b. of hard service of troubled life Jb 7:1; 14:14 Is 40:2 Dn 10:1. 4. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹהֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1 S 17:45 י׳ Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later); a. earliest form c. art.: י׳ אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת Am 3:13; 6:14; 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי om. by error, cf. We), Ho 12:6. b. without art., definite by usage, י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת 2 S 5:10 Am 5:14, 15, 16; 6:8 1 K 19:10, 14 Je 5:14; 15:16 ψ 89:9; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 35:17; 38:17; 44:7 2 S 7:27 = 1 Ch 17:24, Is 21:10; 37:16; 1st אֱלֹהֵי om. Je 7:3, 21 + 30 times Je; Zp 2:9; י׳ אלהים צ׳ אלהי ישׂראל ψ 59:6 (אלהים variant of י׳); י׳ א׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ, י׳ God of hosts his name Am 4:13; 5:27, later reduced to י׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ Is 47:4; 48:2; 51:15; 54:5 Je 10:16; 31:35 + 6 times Je. c. as n.pr. Sebaoth: י׳ צבאות, י׳ Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never cstr. אֲדֹנֵי; al. י׳ of hosts, but < names in appos., since י׳ is n.pr.; צ׳ for earlier אלהי צ׳; cf. Σαβαωθ Ja 5:4 Rom 9:29): 1 S 1:3, 11; 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; 2 S 6:2, 18; 7:8, 26 1 K 18:15 2 K 3:14; 19:31 1 Ch 11:9; 17:7 ψ 24:10 + 6 times ψψ, Mi 4:4 Na 2:14; 3:5 Hb 2:13 Zp 2:10 Is 1:9; 2:12; 5:7, 9, 16, 24 + 35 times Is 6–39, Is 2 only 44:6; 45:13, Je 6:6, 9; 8:3; 9:6, 16 + 26 times Je, Hg 1:2, 5 + 12 times Hg, Zc 1:3⁽⁾, 4 + 40 times Zc 1–8, 9:15 + 8 times 10–14, Mal 1:4, 6, 8 + 21 times Mal; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24 + 4 times Is (incl. 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for י׳); אֲדֹנָי י׳ צ׳ 3:15 + (on these phr. v. אָדוֹן 1, 6); אלהים צ׳ (א׳ later Qr for orig. י׳) ψ 80:8, 15; י׳ אלהים צ׳ (earlier י׳ + later [inserted] א׳) ψ 80:5, 20; 84:9.—Cf. Driver ^{Hastings (1900), Lord of Hosts} and reff., Löhr ^{Amos (Beihefte zur iv (1900), 38–67)}.

צְבָאוֹת S TWOT GK, צִבְאוֹת, צְבָאִים v. further i, ii. צְבִי.

צְבֹאִים S GK v. צְבֹיִים.

I. צבב TWOT^, (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian ṣumbu ( = ṣubbu), cart; T צִיבָּא low, covered wagon).

†i. צָב S TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] litter;—abs. צ׳, in עֶגְלֹת צָב Nu 7:3, prob. 2, i.e. wagons covered, like palanquin; pl. צַבִּים Is 66:20 litters (on Vrss cf. Di Nu).

II. צבב TWOT^, (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَبَّ (ḍabba) cleave to ground; NH צָב = BH, Syriac ܥܰܒܳܐ (˓abo) in Lexx; Arabic ضَبٌّ (ḍabbun) is a large lizard, v. especially Seetzen ^{iii. 436 ff.}).

†ii. צָב S TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] lizard, as unclean, Lv 11:29.

†צֹבֵבָה S GK n.pr.m. in Judah, הַצּ׳ 1 Ch 4:8, Σαβαθα, A Σωβηβα, GL Σαβηβα.

†I. [צָבָה S TWOT GK] vb. swell, swell up (NH id.);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְצָֽבְתָה Nu 5:27; appar. Hiph. Inf. cstr. לַצְבּוֹת v 22, < read Qal לִצְבּוֹת Di Ol ^{78 c} Sta ^{114 a, 2}; both of adulteress’ belly.—צֹבֶיהָ Is 29:7 v. צבא.

†[צָבֶה S TWOT GK] adj. swelling, swollen;—f. צָבָה Nu 5:21 (as foregoing).

II. צבה TWOT^, (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; Dl ¹⁵⁹ Buhl al. cp. Arabic صبا (ṣb˒) lean, incline (especially iii.), fig. incline toward (الى (˒ly)), yearn for, Assyrian ṣabû, Aramaic צְבָא, ܨܒܳܐ (ṣbo), all desire, etc.).

†i. צְבִי S TWOT GK^, n.m. 2 S 1:19 beauty, honour;—abs. צ 2 S 1:19 +, צֶ֑בִי Dn 8:9; cstr. צְבִי Is 13:19 +; pl. cstr. צִבְאוֹת Je 3:19 (so T Ki Thes Hi Gf Ol ^{145 b} Kö^{. 1, 584} al.; > from צבא B Gie al.);— 1. a. beauty, decoration, צ׳ עֶדְיוֹ, of silver and gold Ez 7:20, of products of soil Is 4:2 (predict.). b. elsewhere in fig.: of drunkard’s chaplet, צ׳ תִפְאַרְתּוֹ Is 28:1, 4 (fig. of Samaria); עֲטֶרֶת צ׳ v 5 (of י׳); הַצּ׳ 2 S 1:19 (Saul and Jonathan); גְּאוֹן כָּל־צ׳, of Tyre Is 23:9; צ׳ מַמְלָכוֹת 13:19 (of Bab.); of land of Isr. (Judah), צְבִי הִיא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצוֹת Ez 20:6, 15, נַחֲלַת צְבִי צִבְאוֹת גּוֹיִם Je 3:19 (v. supr.) heritage of the beauty of beauties of the nations, i.e. most beauteous heritage; הַצּ׳ especially of Jerus. and temple Dn 8:9 (Bev), cf. אֶרֶץ הַצּ׳ 11:16, 41 (v. Dr), הַר צ׳־קֹדֶשׁ v 45 (i.e. temple-hill); of cities of Moab, צ׳ אֶרֶץ Ez 25:9. 2. = honour, צ׳ לַצַּדִּיק Is 24:16.—Ez 26:20 read וְתִתְיַצְּבִי for וְנָתַתִּי צְבִי, so G Co Berthol Toy Krae al.

III. צבה TWOT^, (√ of foll.; NH צְבִי, צְבִיָּה = BH; so Assyrian ṣabîtu, Arabic ظَبْىٌ (ẓabyun), Aramaic טַבְיָה, ܛܰܒܝܳܐ (ṭabyo)).

†ii. צְבִי S TWOT GK^, n.m. Is 13:14 gazelle;—צ׳ abs. Dt 12:15 +; pl. צְבָיִם 2 S 2:18, צְבָאיִם 1 Ch 12:9 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v 8), צְבָאוֹת Ct 2:7; 3:5;—gazelle, allowed as food Dt 14:5, cf. 12:15, 22 (although not for sacrif., Dr; all + אַיָּל), so 15:22 ( + אַיָּל, יַחְמוּר, etc.), v. 1 K 5:3; sim. of swiftness 2 S 2:18 1 Ch 12:9 v. supr., Pr 6:5; of grace and beauty Ct 2:9, 17; 8:14 (cf. Jacob ^{iv. 20 f.}); hence used in adjuration 2:7; 3:5 ( + אילות); צ׳ מֻדָּח Is 13:14, sim. of fugitives.

†i. צְבִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. id.;—תְּאוֹמֵי צ׳ Ct 4:5 = 7:4.

†צִבְיָא S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:9, Ιεβια, A Σεβια, GL Σαβια.

†צִבְיָה S GK n.pr.f. (= צְבִיָּה gazelle, cf. Sta ^{192 b});—mother of Jehoash of Judah 2 K 12:2, Αβια = 2 Ch 24:1, Αβια, GL Σαβια.

†צְבֹיִים S GK n.pr.loc. near Sodom, Gn 14:2, 8 Dt 29:22 = צְבֹיִם Gn 10:19 = צְבֹאִים Ho 11:8 Kt (צְבוֹיִם Qr); Σεβωειμ.

†[צָבַט S TWOT GK] vb. reach, hold out, to (ל pers.) (proposes grasp, hold, so NH (rare), בֵּית הַצְּבִיטָה handle (of jug); Arabic ضَبَطَ (ḍabaṭa) hold firmly, seize; Ethiopic ፀበጠ (ḍabaṭa) grasp firmly);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצְבָּט־לָהּ Ru 2:14 (acc. rei).

I. צבע TWOT^, (√ of foll.; NH צָבַע dye; Assyrian ṣibûtum, ṣubâtu, dyed stuff (v. Zehnpf ^{i. 519}); Arabic صَبَغَ (ṣabağa), Aramaic צְבַע, ܨܒܰܥ (ṣba˓), all dip, dye).

†צֶ֫בַע S TWOT GK n.[m.] dye, dyed stuff;—cstr. צ׳ רִקְמָתַיִם Ju 5:30 (perhaps del. צ׳, cf. GFM); pl. שְׁלַל צְבָעִים booty of dyed stuffs v 30⁽⁾.

†צָבוּעַ S TWOT GK adj. coloured, variegated (proposes pt. pass.);—עַיִט צ׳ Je 12:9 a variegated bird of prey.

II. צבע TWOT^, (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَبَعَ (ṣaba˓a) point Lag ^{20 .21} إِصْبَعٌ (˒iṣba˓un), finger, Sab. אצבע DHM ^{xxxvii (1883), 375}; Ethiopic አጽባዕት (˒aṣbā˓t) NH = BH; Aramaic אֶצְבְּעָא, ܨܶܒܥܬܳܐ (ṣeb˓to), Mand. צבאתא Nö ³⁶; Dl ¹⁷² Kö^{. 1, 96} cp. Assyrian ṣibû ii. surround firmly).

אֶצְבַּע S^, TWOT^, GK₃₁ n.f. Lv 14:6 finger;—א׳ abs. Is 58:9, cstr. Ex 8:15 +; sf. אֶצְבָּעוֹ Lv 4:6 +; pl. אֶצְבָּעוֹת Je 52:21, cstr. אֶצְבְּעֹת 2 S 21:20 +, etc.;— 1. finger, especially a. forefinger, of priest, applying blood (P), Ex 29:12 Lv 4:6, 17, 25 + 8 times; applying oil 14:16⁽⁾, 27. b. שְׁלַח א׳ of any one Is 58:9, sign of contempt. c. of God, as writing Ex 31:18 (E) Dt 9:10; = act of God Ex 8:15 (J). d. pl. of all the fingers 2 S 21:20a; fingers in gen. Is 2:8; 17:8; 59:3 ψ 144:1, Pr 7:3 Ct 5:5; of י׳ ψ 8:4; מֹרֶה בְא׳ Pr 6:13 (of contempt. gesture); as measure of thickness, Je 52:21 four fingers. 2. toes: אֶצְבְּעֹת רַגְלָיו 2 S 21:20b, lit. fingers of his feet, cf. א״ || 1 Ch 20:6 = fingers and toes.

III. צבע TWOT^, (perhaps √ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضبع (ḍb˓) limp (so Lag ²⁰), whence ضَبُعٌ (ḍabu˓un) hyena, Syriac ܐܰܦܥܳܐ (˒ap˓o) id., NH צָבוּעַ).

†צִבְעוֹן S GK n.pr.m. a Horite (hyena; RS ²¹⁹; Gray ⁹⁵ and reff.);—Gn 36:2, 14, 20 (in these gloss according to Di Holz), v 24⁽⁾, 29 1 Ch 1:38, 40, Σεβεγων.

†צְבֹעִים S GK n.pr.loc. in Benj.;—גֵּי הצ׳ (perhaps valley of hyenas, so Thes, cf. Lag ³⁶ Gray);—1 S 13:18 (according to Buhl ⁹⁸ = 3, between Jerus. and Jericho), Σαμειν, GL Σαβαιν; cf. צ׳ Ne 11:34, A Σεβοειμ, GL Σεβωειν.

†[צָבַר S TWOT GK] vb. heap up (NH id.; Aramaic צְבַר; Syriac ܨܒܰܪ (ṣbar) is prate, chatter, rave; Arabic ضَبَرَ (ḍabara) is collect, bind together; cf. further Dozy);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְבֹּר Gn 41:49 ψ 39:7; 3 fs. וַתִּצְבָּר־ Zc 9:3, etc.;—heap up, in great quantity: c. acc. corn Gn 41:35, 49 (E), dead frogs Ex 8:10 (J), dust Hb 1:10, silver like dust Zc 9:3 Jb 27:16, cf. (obj. om.) ψ 39:7.

†[צִבּוּר S TWOT GK] n.m. heap;—only pl. שְׁנֵי צִבֻּרִים 2 K 10:8 two heaps (of heads).

צבת TWOT (√ of foll.; NH צָבַת bind, unite; Assyrian ṣabâtu, grasp, take; Talm צְבַת join, and der.).

†צְבָתִים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. bundles of grain Ru 2:16 (Vogelst ⁶¹ swaths [grasped and] lifted for binding).

צדד TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَدَّ (ṣadda) turn away, then shun, alienate; NH Biblical Aramaic צַד = BH; Arabic صَدَدٌ (ṣadadun) vicinity, صَدَدَ (ṣadada) in front of, in the vicinity of; Aramaic צֵיד, ܨܶܐܕ (ṣed) by, apud).

†צַד S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. Ex 25:32 side;—צַד abs. Ez 34:21 Is 60:4, cstr. 2 S 2:16 +; sf. צִדָּהּ Gn 6:16 +, etc.; for צִדָּה 1 S 20:20 read צַ֫דָּה (or צִדֹּה; cf. Dr, > צִ֫דָּה); pl. צִדִּים Ju 2:3, read prob. צִדֵּיכֶם as Nu 33:55 Jos 23:13; cstr. צִדֵּי Ex 26:13, etc.;—side, of man 2 S 2:16 Nu 33:55 (H) Jos 23:13 (D), Ju 2:3 (prob. read context as Nu 33:55 GFM; Dl ⁷⁵ cp. Assyrian ṣaddu, snare, trap); of one lying Ez 4:4, 6, 9, מִצִּדְּךָ אֶל־צִדֶּ֑ךָ v 8 turn from side to side; children carried עַל־צ׳ (i.e. prob. on hip) Is 60:4; 66:12; of cattle Ez 34:21 (in fig.); of things 1 S 20:20 (cf. Dr), Gn 6:16 Ex 25:32⁽⁾ = 37:18⁽⁾, 26:13; 30:4 = 37:27 (all P); מִצַּד at the side of c. gen. th. Dt 31:26, pers. 1 S 20:25 Ru 2:14, מִצִּדְּךָ ψ 91:7; c. gen. loc. Jos 3:16; 12:9, מִצַּד הָהָר 2 S 13:34; מִצַּד הָהָר מִזֶּה 1 S 23:26 bis on this side of the hill and on that side; c. sf. rei מִצִּדּוֹ 1 S 6:8.

†[צְדָד] n.pr.loc. on N. border of Canaan, c. ה loc., צְדָ֫דָה Nu 34:8 (Σαραδακ, Sam. צרדה), Ez 47:15 (Σελδαμμα), read prob. צְדָ֫דָה; perhaps Khirbet Ṣerādā, N. of Abil, E. of Merj ˓Ajûn toward Hermon (lat. c. 33° 25ˊ N., long. c. 35° 35ˊ E.), so van Kasteren ^{, 1895, 30}, cf. Buhl ⁶⁷.

†צִדִּים S GK n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, הַצּ׳ Jos 19:35 (G τῶν Τυρίων).

†I. צָדָה S TWOT^, GK^, vb. lie in wait (NH id., rare; cf. (si vera l.) Biblical Aramaic צְדָא Dn 3:14);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ Ex 21:13 (E; abs.); Pt. c. acc. וְאַתָּה צֹדֶה אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לְקַחְתָּהּ 1 S 24:11 (Gi; v 12 van d. H. Baer).

†צְדִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. lying-in-wait;—(ב)צ׳ Nu 35:20, 22 i.e. with malicious intent (P).

†II. [צָדָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. lay waste (NH id. (rare), Aramaic צְדִי, ܨܕܳܐ, ܨܕܺܝ (ṣdo, ṣdi) id.);—Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִצְדּוּ עָרֵיהֶם Zp 3:6 their cities are laid waste.

צֵדָה v. צֵידָה, sub II. צוד.

צֵדְנִיֹּת v. צִידֹנִי.

צדק (√ of foll.; NH, Aramaic in deriv.; cf. Arabic صَدَقَ (ṣadaqa) speak the truth (also صَدْقٌ (ṣadqun) hard, even, straight, perfect); Sab. צדק just, epith. of king Mordtm ^{xxx (1876), 37} Hom ¹²⁵; usually excellent DHM ^{xxix (1875), 595, 599} CIS ^{iv. p. 176}; also verb favour, endow (one with something) CIS ^{iv. 198, 1. 4} DHM Mordtm ^{70 f.}; Ph. צדק adj. just, right, TelAm. (Can.) ṣaduḳ innocent; Old Aramaic צדק n. righteousness, loyalty, Nab. אצדק adj. authorized, Palm. זדקתא εὐσεβής; Saho sadaḳ, be true, clear Reinisch ^{, (1890) 312}; Ethiopic ጸድቀ (ṣadqa) be just, righteous, so NH צדק Pi. Hiph., Aramaic צְדֵיק, ܙܕܰܩ (zdaq); cf. Kau ^{Deriv. d. צדק (1881)} HPS^{צדק etc. , 1882, 165 ff.} Gerber ^{206 ff.}).

†צֶ֫דֶק S TWOT GK n.m. Is 1:21 rightness, righteousness;—צ׳ Lv 19:36 + 87 times; צִדְקִי Is 41:10 + 8 times, etc.;— 1. what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures, אֵיפָה, אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק Dt 25:15 a perfect and a just weight, ephah; מֹאזְנֵי צ׳; אַבְנֵי צ׳, אֵיפַת צ׳, הִין צ׳, בַּת צ׳ Lv 19:36 (H) Jb 31:6 Ez 45:10; מַעְגְּלֵי צ׳ right paths ψ 23:3; זִבְחֵי צ׳ 2 Dt 33:19 ψ 4:6; 51:21. 2. righteousness, in government: a. of judges, rulers, kings, שׁפט בצ׳ Lv 19:15 (H); שׁפט צ׳ Dt 1:16 Pr 31:9; משׁפט צ׳ Dt 16:18; רדף צ׳ v 20; חוֹקֵק צ׳ Pr 8:15; מלך לצ׳ Is 32:1; דבּר צ׳ ψ 58:2; also Pr 25:5 ψ 94:15 Ec 5:7. b. of law, as מִשְׁפָּטִים Is 58:2 ψ 119:7, 62, 75, 106, 160 (G, but MT מִשְׁפַּט), v 164; as עֵדוֹת v 138, 144; as מִצְוֹת v 172. c. of Davidic king, Messiah Is 11:4, 5; 16:5 ψ 45:5, דין בצ׳ 72:2. d. of Jerus., as seat of just government, עִיר הַצֶּדֶק Is 1:26 city of righteousness; נְוֵה צ׳ Je 31:23; 50:7 (poss. these reflect an orig. god צֶדֶק, v. מַלְכִּי צֶדֶק); צ׳ יָלִין בָּהּ Is 1:21 righteousness used to lodge in her; cf. מְקוֹם הצ׳ Ec 3:16 the place of righteousness. e. of God’s attribute as sovereign Jb 36:3, husband of Israel Ho 2:21; צ׳ his personif. agent ψ 85:11, 12, 14, foundation of his throne 89:15 = 97:2; in his government ψ 9:9; 65:6; 96:13 = 98:9, promise Is 45:19, administration of justice Jb 8:3 Je 11:20 ψ 7:18; 48:11; 50:6 = 97:6, vindication of his people 9:5; 35:24, 28; raising up Cyrus Is 45:13, calling his servant 42:6; אֱלֹהֵי צִדְקִי ψ 4:2 God of my righteousness (who vindicates me); his צ׳ is everlasting 119:142. 3. righteousness, justice, in a case or cause Jb 6:29; 8:6; 29:14 ψ 35:27 Is 59:4; God שׁפט כצ׳ ψ 7:9 judges according to righteousness; גמל כצ׳ 18:21; השׁיב כצ׳ v 25; שׁמע צ׳ 17:1; הוציא צ׳ 37:6. 4. rightness, in speech, דבּר צ׳ ψ 52:5 (opp. שֶׁקֶר); יַגִּיד צ׳ Pr 12:17; בצ׳ כל אמרי פי 8:8; שִׂפְתֵי צ׳ 16:13. 5. righteousness, as ethically right Jb 35:2 ψ 17:15; 45:8 Pr 1:3; 2:9 Ec 7:15 Je 22:13 Ez 3:20 Ho 10:12 (read פְּרִי צ׳, so G We Now); צ׳ עלמים Dn 9:24; עשׂה צ׳ Is 64:4 ψ 119:121; פעל צ׳ 15:2; למד צ׳ Is 26:9, 10; בקּשׁ צ׳ Zp 2:3; רדף צ׳ Is 51:1; ידע צ׳ v 7. 6. righteousness as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity: a. of God as covenant-keeping, in redemption, בִּימִין צִדְקִי Is 41:10, || יֵשַׁע 45:8; 51:5, cf. 42:21; בשּׂר צ׳ ψ 40:10; אִמְרַת צ׳ 119:123. b. in name יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ, of Messianic king (vindicating people’s cause and giving victory) Je 23:6; of city 33:16. c. of people as enjoying צ׳ of salvation, || יְשׁוּעָה Is 62:1; || כָּבוֹד 58:8; 62:2; כהנים יִלְבְּשׁוּ צ׳ ψ 132:9; שַׁעֲרֵי צ׳ 118:19; אֵילֵי הצ׳ Is 61:3. d. of Cyrus, צ׳ יִקְרָאֵהוּ לְרַגְלוֹ Is 41:2 (who) in victory calleth him at every step (Che on whose steps attends victory, so Di Du).

צְדָקָה S TWOT GK₁₅₇ n.f. righteousness;—abs. צ׳ Gn 15:6 + 81 times; cstr. צִדְקַת Dt 33:21 + 5 times; sf. צִדְקָתִי Gn 30:33 +, etc.; pl. צְדָקוֹת Is 33:15 + 3 times; cstr. צִדְקוֹת Ju 5:11 +; sf. צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Dn 9:16, etc.;— 1. righteousness, in government: a. of judge, ruler, king: || משׁפט Is 5:7; 9:6 Am 5:7; 6:12; משׁפט וצ׳ 2 S 8:15, עשׂה D. executed justice and righteousness = 1 Ch 18:14, cf. 1 K 10:9 = 2 Ch 9:8, Je 22:3, 15; 33:15 Ez 45:9; בּצ׳ יִכּוֹן כִּסֵּא Pr 16:12, cf. Is 54:14; עֲבֹדַת הצ׳, מַעֲשֵׂה הצ׳ Is 32:17, cf. v 16; נֹגְשַׂיִךְ צ׳ Is 60:17. b. of law, || משׁפטים, צִדְקַת י׳ Dt 33:21. c. of Davidic king, Messiah, || משׁפט, ψ 72:1, 3 Is 9:6 Je 23:5; 33:15. 2. God’s attribute as sovereign ψ 36:7; 71:19; in government, עשׂה משׁפט וצ׳ 99:4 Je 9:23; administering justice Jb 37:23; punishment Is 1:27; 5:16; 10:22; 28:17 Dn 9:7; vindication of his people Mi 7:9. 3. righteousness, in a case or cause, בצדקתי החזקתי Jb 27:6 on my righteousness I hold fast; מה ישׁ לי עוד צ׳ 2 S 19:29 what right have I yet? (cf. Ne 2:20); of God, הגיד צ׳ Is 57:12 (iron.); השׁיב צ׳ 1 S 26:23 Jb 33:26; כּצ׳, השׁיב 2 S 22:25, גמל v 21, נתן 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23. 4. righteousness = truthfulness, באמת ובצ׳ Is 48:1 Zc 8:8; in word Is 45:23; 63:1, oath Je 4:2. 5. righteousness, as ethically right: Gn 30:33 (J) Dt 6:25 Is 33:5; 48:18 Ez 14:14, 20 Pr 10:2; 11:4, 5, 18, 19 + 17 times, + צִדְקַת (ה)צַדִּיק(ים) Is 5:23 Ez 18:20; 33:12; צ׳ ישׁרים Pr 11:6; אֹרַח צ׳ 8:20; 12:28; דֶּרֶךְ צ׳ 16:31; עשׂה צ׳ do righteousness ψ 106:3 Is 56:1; 58:2 Ez 18:22; עשׂה משׁפט וצ׳ Ez 18:5 + 6 times Ez; עשׂה צ׳ ומשׁפט Gn 18:19 (J) Pr 21:3; רדף צ׳ Pr 15:9; 21:21; הלך באמת ובצ׳ 1 K 3:6; חשׁב לוֹ (ל)צ׳ Gn 15:6 (JE) imputed to him (for) righteousness, ψ 106:31; צ׳ וָחֶסֶד Pr 21:21⁽⁾ (del. G ^AB Toy). 6. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc. (cf. צֶדֶק 6): a. of God, || יֶשַׁע, תְּשׁוּעָה, יְשׁוּעָה Is 45:8; 46:13; 51:6 + 7 times Is 2; || בְּרָכָה ψ 24:6; || נַחֲלָה Is 54:17; || חֶסֶד ψ 36:11; 103:17; שֶׁמֶשׁ צ׳ Mal 3:20 sun of righteousness (with healing); בִּצ׳, י׳ delivers, guides, exalts his people ψ 5:9; 31:2; 71:2; 89:17; 119:40; 143:1, 11; אַל־יָבֹאוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶ֑ךָ 69:28 (of wicked); as acc. after verbs of declaring, etc., his saving (delivering) righteousness 22:32; 40:11; 51:16; 71:15, 16, 24; 98:2; 145:7; also יִוָּדַע צ׳ 88:13; צ׳ עֹמֶדֶת לָעַד his righteousness endureth for ever 111:3 cf. 119:142. b. of people, = prosperity, || הון, עשׁר Pr 8:18; מוֹרֶה לצ׳ early rain for prosperity Jo 2:23. 7. pl. righteous acts: a. of God Ju 5:11⁽⁾ 1 S 12:7 Mi 6:5; vindication of right ψ 103:6; redemptive Is 45:24 Dn 9:16. b. of man’s moral conduct Is 64:5 Je 51:10, also prob. Ez 3:20; 18:24; 33:13 (Kt sg.) ψ 11:7 (? gloss), Dn 9:18; as adv. acc., הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֹת Is 33:15.

†[צָדֵק S TWOT GK, צָדֹק] vb. denom. be just, righteous;—Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽדְקָה Gn 38:26; 2 ms. צָדַקְתָּ Jb 33:12; 35:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְדַּק Jb 9:2 +; יִצְדָּ֑ק Jb 4:17; 11:2; 3 fpl. תִּצְדַּקְנָה Ez 16:52 (G Co תְּצַדְּקִין, not Berthol Toy Krae), etc.;— 1. have a just cause, be in the right, Jb 9:15, 20; 13:18; 34:5; in complaint Jb 33:12; c. מִן pers. Gn 38:26 (J; of Tamar). 2. be justified, in one’s plea Jb 11:2; c. עִם (man with God) 9:2; 25:4; בי׳ Is 45:25; by witnesses 43:9; by acquittal ψ 143:2 Is 43:26; by condemnation of opponent Jb 40:8. 2. be just: of God, in his government, in charging with sin ψ 51:6; of מִשְׁפְּטֵי־י׳ 19:10. 3. be just, righteous, in conduct and character: of men Jb 10:15; 15:14; 22:3; 35:7, c. מִן comp., Jb 4:17 (more than God; Dr at God’s hand, מִן 2 d), Ez 16:52 (< G Co Pi.). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. וְנִצְדַּק קֹדֶשׁ consec. Dn 8:14 the holy place shall be put right, in a right condition (Marti Buhl SS; Bev Dr Marti be justified, its cause vindicated). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. צִדְּקָה Je 3:11; Impf. 2 fs. תְּצַדְּקִי Ez 16:51; Inf. cstr. sf. צַדְּקֶ֑ךָּ Jb 33:32; צַדֶּקְתֵּךְ (Ges ^{52 p}) Ez 16:52; צַדְּקוֹ Jb 32:2;—justify: עַל צַדְּקוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ מֵאֱלֹהִים Jb 32:2 because he justified himself rather than God (cf. Qal 1); make to appear righteous Je 3:11 Ez 16:51, 52 (all c. מִן comp.); חָפַצְתִּי צַדְּקֶ֑ךָּ Jb 33:32 I desire to justify thee (in thy plea, cf. Qal 2). Hiph. Pf. 1 s. sf. הִצְדַּקְתִּיו 2 S 15:4; 3 mpl. הִצְדִּיקוּ Dt 25:1; Impf. 3 ms. יַצְדִּיק Is 53:11; 1 s. אַצְדִּיק Ex 23:7 Jb 27:5; Inf. cstr. הַצְדִּיק 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; Imv. mpl. הַצְדִּיקוּ ψ 82:3; Pt. מַצְדִּיק Pr 17:15, etc.;— 1. do justice, in administering law 2 S 15:4 ψ 82:3. 2. declare righteous, justify, c. acc. (ה)צַדִּיק Dt 25:1 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23; רָשָׁע Ex 23:7 (E) Is 5:23 Pr 17:15; justify accusers, by recognizing charge as just Jb 27:5. 3. justify, vindicate the cause of, save, c. acc., Is 50:8 (of God), c. לְ of obj. Is 53:11 (of servant of י׳). 4. make righteous, turn to righteousness, Dn 12:3, cf. Aboth 5:26, 27 Bev. Hithp. Impf. 1 pl. נִצְטַדָּ֑ק Gn 44:16 (J) how shall we justify ourselves, clear ourselves, from suspicion?

צַדִּיק S^, TWOT GK₂₀₆ adj. just, righteous;—abs. צ׳ Gn 6:9 +; pl. צַדִּיקִים Ex 23:8 +, etc.;— 1. just, righteous, in government: a. of Davidic king 2 S 23:3; צֶמַח Je 23:5 Zc 9:9 (|| victorious). b. of judges, Ez 23:45 Pr 29:2 (v. Toy; Kau questions this meaning in all these). c. of law, מִשְׁפָּטִים צ׳ Dt 4:8. d. of God Dt 32:4 ψ 119:137; 129:4 Jb 34:17, opp. Pharaoh Ex 9:27 (J); in discrimination Je 12:1 Zp 3:5 ψ 7:10, 12; 11:7; condemnation 2 Ch 12:6 Dn 9:14 La 1:18 Ezr 9:15 Ne 9:33; redemption Is 45:21 ψ 116:5; keeping promises Ne 9:8; in all his ways ψ 145:17. 2. just in one’s cause, right: Ex 23:7, 8 (E) Dt 16:19; 25:1 1 K 8:32 = 2 Ch 6:23, Is 5:23; 29:21 Jb 32:1; 36:7 Pr 17:15, 26; 18:5, 17; 24:24 Am 2:6; 5:12 Hb 1:4, 13; right in law, not under penalty 2 S 4:11 1 K 2:32; innocent of specif. offence 2 K 10:9; c. מְן comp. 1 S 24:18. 3. just, righteous, in conduct and character: a. towards God Gn 7:1; 18:23, 24⁽⁾, 25⁽⁾, 26, 28 (J) 20:4 (E), Hb 2:4 Mal 3:18. b. in gen., ethically: ψ 5:13; 7:10; 11:3, 5 + 21 times ψψ ( + infr.), Pr 2:20; 3:33; 4:18; 9:9 + 56 times Pr, Ec 3:17 + 7 times Ec, Is 3:10; 57:1⁽⁾ Je 20:12 La 4:13 Ez 3:20, 21⁽⁾ + 12 times Ez, Ho 14:10; || תמים Gn 6:9 (P) Jb 12:4; || נָקִי Jb 17:9; 22:19; 27:17 ψ 94:21; || יִשְׁרֵי לֵב ψ 32:11; 64:11; 97:11. 4. righteous, as justified and vindicated by י׳, especially servant of י׳ Is 53:11, so his people, usually pl. Is 60:21 ψ 33:1 + 8 times ψψ (v. also supr.); אָהֳלֵי צ׳ 118:15 tents of the righteous; גּוֹרַל צ׳ 125:3; עֲדַת צ׳ 1:5; דֶּרֶךְ צ׳ v 6; sg. coll. 34:20, 22; 75:11 Is 24:16; 26:7⁽⁾; גּוֹי צַדִּיק v 2 (|| שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים). 5. right, correct, Is 41:26 (cf. אֱמֶת 43:9); lawful שְׁבִי צ׳ 49:24 EV; but read עָרִיץ.

צָדוֹק S GK, and (1 K 1:26) צָדֹק₅₄ n.pr.m. (just, righteous; cf. Sab. n.pr. צדק CIS ^{iv, 287, 1. 2. 11. 15} etc., DHM ³²);—Σαδωκ, Σαδδουκ (cf. Lag ^{225 ff.}):— 1. ₄₈ priests: a. David’s time 2 S 8:17 = 1 Ch 18:16, 2 S 15:24, 25 + 23 times S K Ch, + (Sol.’s time) 1 K 2:35 = 1 Ch 29:22, 1 K 4:2, 4; ancestor of בְּנֵי צָדוֹק Ez 40:46; 44:15; 48:11, זֶרַע צ׳ 43:19, בֵּית צ׳ 2 Ch 31:10; descendant of Eleazar 1 Ch 5:34⁽⁾ + 5 times Ch. b. 1 Ch 5:38⁽⁾, poss. = c. 1 Ch 9:11 Ne 11:11. † 2. father-in-law of Uzziah 2 K 15:33 = 2 Ch 27:1. † 3. two wall-builders: a. Ne 3:4. b. v 29; perhaps = c. 10:22, and d. צ׳ הַסּוֹפֵר 13:13.

צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ S GK₅₆, -יָּה₇ n.pr.m. (י׳ is righteousness; cf. Sab. צדקאל DHM^{ib., on 32});—Σεδεκια(ς): 1. last king of Judah, מַתַּנְּיָה, changed to צ׳: -יָּ֫הוּ 2 K 24:17, 18, 20; 25:2, 7⁽⁾ = 2 Ch 36:10, 11, 1 Ch 3:15 Je 1:3; 21:1, 3, 7 + 37 times Je; -יָּה †Je 27:12; 28:1; 29:3; 49:34. † 2. false prophets: a. under Ahab, -יָ֫הוּ 1 K 22:24 = 2 Ch 18:10, 23; -יָּה 1 K 22:11. b. -יָּ֫הוּ Jerem.’s time, Je 29:21, 22. † 3. -יָּ֫הוּ prince, Jerem.’s time, Je 36:12. † 4. -יָּה, priest, Nehem.’s time, Ne 10:2 (GL Σεχενιας). † 5. -יָּה, son of Jehoiachin, according to 1 Ch 3:16, but prob. gloss, Be SS, cf. Kit.

†[צָהֵב S TWOT GK, צָהֹב S TWOT GK, cf. Lag ³¹] vb. gleam (NH id. (of face, bronze, etc.); Arabic صَهِبَ (ṣahiba) be red);—Hoph. Pt. נְחשֶׁת מֻצְהָב Ezr 8:27 bronze of gleaming ware (so NH and—appar. Hebraism—T 2 Ch 4:16).

†צָהֹב S TWOT GK adj. gleaming, yellow (of hair);—שֵׂעָר צ׳ Lv 13:30, 32, 36 (opp. שׂ׳ שָׁחֹר v 31, 37).

†I. [צָהַל S TWOT^, GK^, vb. neigh, cry shrilly (Arabic صَهَلَ (ṣahala) neigh, Syriac ܨܗܰܠ (ṣhal) id.; T Est 8:15 = BH);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽהֲלָה Est 8:15; 3 pl. צָֽהֲלוּ Is 24:14; Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְהָ֑לוּ Je 5:8; 2 fs. תצהלי 50:11 Kt, Qr 2 mpl. תִּצְהֲלוּ and so Vrss; Imv. fs. צַהֲלִי Is 10:30 +; mpl. צַהֲלוּ Je 31:7;— 1. neigh, of men under fig. of stallions; c. אֶל unto (in desire) Je 5:8, of profligate Judaeans; abs. 50:11 of arrogant Chaldeans. 2. cry shrilly, in distress Is 10:30 (c. adv. acc. קוֹלֵךְ); usually joy, praise (|| רָנַן) 12:6; 54:1, c. ב at, over, Je 31:7 Is 24:14; + שָׂמֵ֑חָה Est 8:15.

†[מִצְהָלָה S TWOT GK] n.f. neighing;—pl. cstr. קוֹל מִצְהֲלוֹת אַבִּירָיו Je 8:16 (|| נַחְרַת סוּסָיו); sf. מִצְהֲלוֹתַיִךְ 13:27 of idolatrous Judah, under fig. of mare desiring stallion (|| נִאֻפַיִךְ, זִמַּת זְנוּתֵךְ).

†II. [צָהַל S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. Hiph. make shining (NH id. (rare); || form of צהר, denom. from צהרים);—Inf. cstr. לְהַצְהִיל פָּנִים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 104:15.

צהר TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ظَهَرَ (ẓahara) appear, mount, ظَهْرٌ (ẓahrun) back, ظَهِيرَةٌ (ẓahīratun) midday; Assyrian ṣêru (TelAm. zu˒ru, etc.), back; Aramaic טִיהֲרָא, ܛܰܗܪܳܐ (ṭahro) MI:15 הצהרם, midday; Lag ¹²⁹; > Kö ^{1, 93} (cf. Thes) = shine, || זהר, NH Hiph. (rare), for this is in Aramaic צהר (rare)); הִצְהִיר Ecclus 43:3 is denom. from צהרים.

†i. [צֹ֫הַר S TWOT^, GK] n.[m.] only pl. צָהֳרַ֫יִם midday, noon, Dt 28:29 +, צָהֳרָ֑יִם Gn 43:16 + (when sun mounts its highest; on form as expanded pl. (not du.) v. Ges ^{88 c} and reff.);—usually 1. noon as a specif. time of day, 1 K 18:29; especially בַּצּ׳ at noon Gn 43:16, 25 Am 8:9 1 K 18:27; 20:16 Ct 1:7 (resting-time for flock), Je 6:4 (opp. evening); בְּעֵת צ׳ Je 20:16 (dist. from morning) as time of supposed security Je 15:8 Zp 2:4; also מֵהַבֹּקֶר וְעַד הַצּ׳ 1 K 18:26, עַד־הַצּ׳ 2 K 4:20; without ב, as adv., צ׳ as time of prayer ψ 55:18 ( + בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); as time of wasting קֶטֶב 91:6; מִשְׁכַּב הַצּ׳ 2 S 4:5 noonday repose. 2. noon, as bright, sim. of happiness, blessing, Is 58:10 (opp. אֲפֵלָה), ψ 37:6 (|| כָּאוֹר); cf. Jb 11:17 (Ges ^{133 e}); v. also בְּתוֹךְ הַצּ׳ Is 16:3 (opp. צִלֵּךְ); בַּצּ׳ Dt 28:29 Is 59:10 Jb 5:14.

†ii. צֹ֫הַר S TWOT^, GK n.f. prob. roof (cf.Arabic Assyrian TelAm. back; > Thes Di al. light, window);—צ׳ תַּעֲשֶׂה לַתֵּבָה Gn 6:16.

†i. יִצְהָר S^, TWOT GK^, n.[m.] fresh oil (newly appeared, cf. ‘Ausbruch’ Lag ¹²⁹ Kö ^{1, 93}; > Thes al. that which shines);—abs. יִצ׳ Ho 2:10 +, sf. יִצְהָרֶ֑ךָ Dt 7:13 +;—fresh oil, as product of land, in unmanufactured state, usually + תִּירוֹשׁ, דָּגָן etc., rich possession, gift of י׳ Ho 2:10, 24 Je 31:12 Dt 7:13; 11:14 Jo 2:19, 24, so חֵלֶב יִצ׳ Nu 18:12; Dt 28:51 Hg 1:11 2 Ch 32:28 Ne 5:11; tithed Dt 12:17; 14:23; firstfruits for priest 18:4 Ne 10:38 cf. v 40 13:5 (tithe for Levites), v 12, for priest and Levite 2 Ch 31:5; זֵית יִצ׳ 2 K 18:32 4, i.e. oil-yielding olive-trees, cf. יִצ׳ alone Jo 1:10; יִצ׳ as anointing oil only in בְּנֵי הַיִּצ׳ Zc 4:14, i.e. anointed ones.

†[צָהַר S TWOT GK] vb.denom. from foreg., Hiph. press out oil;—Impf. 3 mpl. יַצְהִ֑ירוּ Jb 24:11.

†ii. יִצְהָר S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. Ις(ς)ααρ: Levite, son of Kohath Ex 6:18, 21 Nu 3:19; 16:1 1 Ch 5:28; 6:3, 23; 23:12, 18.

†יִצְהָרִי S GK adj.gent. of foreg., c. art. as subst. coll. הַיִּצ׳ Nu 3:27 1 Ch 24:22; 26:23, 29

צַו S TWOT GK v. צוה.

צוא S TWOT GK (√ of foll.; cf. Syriac ܨܺܐܝ (ṣiy) be foul, Ethiopic ጼአ (ṣe˒a); prob. also Arabic وَصِىَٔ (waṣi˒a) be polluted; Dl ¹⁶⁰ Kö ^{1, 162} cp. also Assyrian ṣi˒, destroy, ruin; NH צוֹאָה = BH; Aramaic צָאתָא, ܨܳܐܬܳܐ (ṣoto), filth.)

†[צֵאָה S TWOT GK] n.f. filth, specif. human excrement;—sf. צֵאָתֶ֑ךָ Dt 23:14; cstr. בְּגֶלְלֵי צֵאַת הָאָדָם Ez 4:12 (as fuel; cf. [גֵּל] p. 165 supr.).

†צֹאָה S TWOT GK n.f. filth;—abs. צ׳ Is 28:8 (of drunkards’ vomit, cf. קִיא); צ׳ fig. of iniquity, cstr. צֹאַת Is 4:4, sf. צֹאָתוֹ Pr 30:12; specif. of human excrement ( = [צֵאָה]) sf. צֹאָתָם 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12 (both Qr; Kt חר(א)יהם, cf. [חֶרֶא] p. 351 supr.).

†[צֹאִי S TWOT^, GK] adj. filthy;—pl. צוֹאִים Zc 3:3, צֹאִים v 4 (both of garments).

צַוָּאר S TWOT GK v. I. צור.

†צוֹבָא S GK, צוֹבָה S GK n.pr.terr. Σουβα, rarely Σωβα(λ): an Aramaean kingdom, time of (Saul and) David אֲרַם צוֹבָא 2 S 10:6, 8 (elsewhere צוֹבָה), אֲרַם צוֹבָה ψ 60:2 (title); הֲדַדְעֶזֶר מֶלֶךְ צ׳ 2 S 8:3, 5, 12 = 1 Ch 18:3, 5, 1 K 11:23 1 Ch 18:9; צ׳ also 19:6; חֲמַת צ׳ 2 Ch 8:3; orig. home of one of David’s herces 2 S 23:36 (perhaps read also for n.pr.m. מִבְחָר || 1 Ch 11:38, cf. Dr); מַלְכֵי צ׳ 1 S 14:47 (only here in Saul’s time); Nö^{Aram., in , xxv (1871), 113 ff.} places between Hamath and Damascus (about Ḥums, Emesa), and so Dl ^{279 f.}, who cp. Assyrian city Ṣubitu, cf. Schr 2 S 8:3.

†I. צוּד S TWOT GK vb. hunt (NH id. (rare), מְצוּדָה = BH Assyrian ṣâdu, hunt, so Arabic ((صيد), صَادَ ((ṣyd), ṣāda)), Aramaic צוּד, צִיד, ((ܨܘܕ) ܨܳܕ ((ṣwd) ṣod)) Old Aramaic צידא hunting);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָד֣וּ La 4:18; sf. צָדוּנִי 3:52, וְצָדוּם consec. Je 16:16; Impf. 3 ms. יָצוּד Lv 17:13, etc.; Imv. ms. צוּ֫דָה Gn 27:3 Inf. abs. צוֹד La 3:52; cstr. לָצוּד Gn 27:5; Pt. הַצָּד v 33;—hunt, c. acc. i. צַיִד Gn 27:3 Qr (> Kt צידה), v 5, 33 (all J), צֵיד חַיָּה Lv 17:13 (H); טֶרֶף Jb 38:39; c. acc. pers. Mi 7:2 ( + חֵרֶם, instr.), Je 16:16 ( + מֵעַל), Jb 10:16, צוֹד צָדוּנִי כַצִּפּוֹר La 3:52, subj. evil ψ 140:12; c. acc. צְעָדֵינוּ La 4:18, נֶפֶשׁ יְקָרָה Pr 6:26.—Ho 9:13 read prob. לָצוּד (or לָצַיִד), for MT לְצוֹר, v. צֹר. Pō˓l. hunt (Keenly, eagerly?), Impf. 2 fpl. תְּצוֹדֵדְנָה Ez 13:18; Inf. cstr. לְצוֹדֵד v 18; Pt. fpl. מְצֹדְדוֹת v 20⁽⁾, all c. acc. נְפָשׁוֹת (of magic arts, necromancy, etc.).

†i. צַ֫יִד S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. hunting, game;—abs. צ׳ Gn 10:9 +, צָ֑יִד 27:3 (Qr; > Kt צידה), Ne 13:15, cstr. צֵיד Gn 27:25; sf. צֵידִי v 19, etc.;— 1. hunting Gn 27:30; גִּבֹּר־צ׳ 10:9⁽⁾, יֹדֵעַ צ׳ 25:27 (all J). 2. game hunted and taken (cf. Ba ¹⁶¹), Gn 25:28; 27:3 (v. supr.) v 5, 7, 19, 25, 31, 33 (all J), cf. Pr 12:27; צֵיד חַיָּה אוֹ עוֹף Lv 17:13 (H).

†[צַיָּד S TWOT GK] n.m. hunter;—pl. צַיָּדִים Je 16:16.

†מְצָד S TWOT GK, מְצַד n.f. Je 48:41 fastness, stronghold (proposes 3?);—abs. מְצָד 1 Ch 11:7; 12:6, מְצַד 12:8; pl. abs. מְצָדוֹת 1 S 23:14 +, cstr. id. v 19 (Gi, 24:1 van d. H. Baer), Is 33:16;— 1. 2 Ju 6:2 1 S 23:14, 19, 19 (v. supr.), Ez 33:27 1 Ch 12:8(9), 16(17); מְצָדוֹת סְלָעִים Is 33:16. 2. more gen., stronghold Je 48:41; 51:30 Ez 19:9 (Baer Gi van d. H. מְצֹדוֹת id. [ii. מְצוֹדָה] Ew Hi-Sm Da al.; nets [i. מְצוֹדָה] Krae; del. Co Oort Toy); citadel of Jerusalem 1 Ch 11:7.

†i. [מָצוֹד S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, , ,} ] n.m. in pl., dub., usually siege-works;—מְצוֹדִים גְּדֹלִים Ec 9:14, but read מְצוּרִים Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. i. 353}, v. מָצוֹר 2, p. 849 a.

†ii. [מָצוֹד S TWOT^, GK^, ] n.[m.] hunting implement, specif. net (cf. Syriac ܡܨܺܝܕܬܳܐ (mṣidto), T מְצַדְתָּא, net);— only fig.: cstr. מְצוֹד רָעִים Pr 12:12 (but text dub., v. conj. in Toy); sf. מְצוּדוֹ Jb 19:6 (of God as Job’s hunter); pl. מְצוֹדִים וַחֲרָמִים לִבָּהּ Ec 7:26 (of woman).

†i. מְצוֹדָה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^, n.f. net;—מ׳ Ec 9:12 for fish (in sim.);—pl. Ez 19:9 v. מְצָד supr.

†i. מְצוּדָה S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. net, prey;—abs. מ׳ Ez 13:21 ψ 66:11; sf. מְצוּדָתִי Ez 12:13; 17:20;— 1. net, in fig. of י׳’s judgment, Ez 12:13; 17:20 (both || רֶשֶׁת), ψ 66:11. 2. prey Ez 13:21 (fig.).

†ii. [מְצוֹדָה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ] n.f. fastness, stronghold;—sf. מְצֹדָתָהּ Is 29:7 (of Ariel);—pl. Ez 19:9 v. מְצָד.

†ii. מְצוּדָה S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. fastness, stronghold;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 22:4 +, מְצֻדָה 2 S 5:9, cstr. מְצֻדַת v 7; sf. מְצוּדָתִי ψ 18:3 +, מְצֻדָתִי 2 S 22:2; pl. מְצוּדוֹת ψ 31:3;—fastness of David, 1 S 22:4, 5; 24:23 (Gi v 22) 2 S 5:17; 23:14 = 1 Ch 11:16; read also מְצֻדַת עֲדֻלָּם 1 S 22:1 2 S 23:13 1 Ch 11:15, for MT מְעָרַת (v. מְעָרָה p. 792 b); of Jerus., מְצֻדַת צִיּוֹן 2 S 5:7 = 1 Ch 11:5, cf. 2 S 5:9; home of eagle Jb 39:28 ( + שֶׁן־סֶלַע); elsewhere fig. of י׳ ψ 18:3 = 2 S 22:2, ψ 31:4; 71:3 (all + סַלְעִי), 91:2 ( + מַחְסִי), 144:2 ( + חַסְדִּי, but this dub., Krochm Gr Che חִסְנִי, Dy חִזְקִ, Du סַלְעִי; poss. is מַחְסִי); also בֵּית מְצוּדוֹת 31:3.

II. צוד TWOT (√ of foll.; relation to I. צוד dub.; cf. Assyrian ṣîdîtu, Arabic زَادٌ (و) (zādun (w)), Aramaic זְוָדָה, ܙܘܳܕܳܐ (zwodo), Palm. זוד, all provisions (especially for journey); in Thes = I. צוד; on game as early food of nomads v. RS ^{i. 205; 2nd ed. 222f.} cf. Doughty ^{i. 70, 326, 562}; ז (Arabic Aramaic) is then secondary).

†ii. [צַ֫יִד S TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] provision, food;—abs. צָ֑יִד Ne 13:15; sf. צֵידוֹ Jb 38:41, etc.;—provision taken on journey Jos 9:14, לֶחֶם צֵידָם v 5 (both JE); more gen. (late), 2, Ne 13:15 ψ 132:15, of raven Jb 38:41.—i. צַיִד v. צוד.

†צֵידָה S TWOT GK n.f. id.;—abs. צ׳ Jos 9:11 + 2 times; צֵדָה Gn 42:25 + 5 times;—provision for journey, march, Gn 42:25; 45:21 Ex 12:39 (all E), Jos 1:11 (D), 9:11 (JE), Ju 7:8 (text dub. cf. GFM), 20:10 1 S 22:10; supply of food ψ 78:25.—Gn 27:3 v. i. צַיִד sub צוד.

†[צִיד S TWOT^, GK] vb.denom.Hithp. supply oneself with provisions, take as one’s provision;—Pf. 1 pl. הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ Jos 9:12 this bread we took as our provision; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑דוּ v 4 (so read for MT וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ, Codd Vrss Thes al.), abs.

[צָוָה S TWOT GK]₄₈₅ vb.Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order (Ba ^{xli (1887), 641} Gerber ¹²⁴ cp. Arabic وَصَى (waṣā) combine, ii. enjoin, iv. charge; وَصِيَّةٌ (waṣiyyatun) injunction, command; Syriac ܨܘܳܐ (ṣwo), head up stones, ܨܘܳܝܳܐ (ṣwoyo), 3, Arabic صُوَّةٌ (ṣuwwatun) 3, cf. Schulth ⁵⁷; Gerber makes Heb. vb. denom. from מִצְוָה, but vb. is much earlier);—Pf. 3 ms. צִוָּה Gn 6:22 +; sf. צִוַּנִי Dt 4:5 +; צִוְּךָ Dt 4:23 +; צִוָּהוּ Gn 7:5 +, etc.; 1 s. צִוִּיתִי Ex 29:35 + 29 times, צִוֵּיתִי Lv 8:31 + 4 times, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְצַוֶּה Gn 18:19 + 8 times; יְצַו Dt 28:8; וַיְצַו Gn 2:16 +; sf. וִיצַוְּךָ 1 Ch 22:12, etc.; 1 s. וָאֲצַוֶּה Ezr 8:17 Qr (> Kt ואוצאה); 3 mpl. וַיְצַוּוּ Gn 50:16 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. צַוֹּת 2 S 18:5 +, etc.; Imv. ms. צַוֵּה Jos 4:16 + 2 times; צַו Lv 6:2 + 9 times; mpl. צַוּוּ Jos 1:11; 4:3; Pt. מְצַוֶּה Nu 32:25 +; cstr. מְצַוֵּה Is 55:4, etc.; f. מְצַוָּה Gn 27:8;— 1. a. lay charge upon, c. עַל pers., Gn 2:16 (J) 28:6 (P) 1 K 2:43; 11:11 Am 2:12 Je 35:6 + 6 times; עַל rei, עַל הֶעָבִים אֲצַוֶּה מֵהַמְטִיר Is 5:6, cf. Jb 36:32, צ׳ עַל־חָגָב 2 Ch 7:13. b. give charge to, command to c. לְ pers. Ex 1:22 (E) 1 S 20:29 1 Ch 22:17 Is 13:3 Jer 32:23 ψ 105:8 תּוֹרָה צ׳ לָנוּ מֹשֶׁה Dt 33:4, cf. Ne 9:14; צַו לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ 2 K 20:1 give charge to they household (in preparation for death) = Is 38:1 (cf. NH, B.Bath. ^{151 b}, צַוָּאָה ‘verbal will’ Id 147a). c. give charge unto, c. אֶל pers. Ex 16:34 (P), 1 K 11:10; וַיְצַו אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ 2 S 17:23 (cf. b). d. give charge over, appoint, c. acc. pers. + עַל rei, Ne 7:2 1 Ch 22:12, נָגִיד עַל (לִהְיוֹת) צ׳ appoint one (to be) ruler over 2 S 6:21 1 K 1:35; c. לנגיד 1 S 13:14; 25:30; שׁפטים על 2 S 7:11 = 1 Ch 17:10; c. inf. (no על), לִרְעוֹת עמי 2 S 7:7 = 1 Ch 17:6; וְצִוִּיתָה אֹתוֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶם Nu 27:19 (P) and thou shalt install him in their sight, cf. v 23 (P). e. give one charge, command (often עַל concerning), Gn 12:20 (J), Nu 8:22 (P), 2 S 14:8; 18:5 Je 7:22; 39:11 Is 45:12 (AV RV Che Ry; > Ges Ew Di Du al. as d), 10:6 (al. against), Na 1:14 (al. id.); c. לְ Nu 9:8; 32:28 (P), ψ 91:11 La 1:17 Est 3:2; c. אֶל Is 23:11 Je 47:7. 2. charge, command: a. c. acc. pers. + rei, often, especially of the law: Deut. phrases are אשׁר אנכי מצוךָ Ex 34:11 (J), Dt 4:40; 6:2, 6 + 18 times Dt, cf. 15:15; אשׁר אנכי מצוה אתכם Dt 4:2⁽⁾ + 9 times Dt; †הַדֶּרֶךְ אשׁר ע׳ Dt 13:6 Ex 32:8 (E) Dt 5:30; 9:12, 16; 11:28; 31:29. b. c. acc. pers. + obj. clause, e.g., Inf. Gn 50:2 +; ו consec. Pf. 18:19 (J), Nu 35:2 (P); ו consec. Impf. 2 S 4:12 1 K 2:46; weak ו c. Impf. Ex 27:20 (P) Jos 4:16; Imv. Jos 1:9 1 S 18:22. c. acc. pers., acc. rei om., Ex 18:23 (E) Gn 49:33 (P) +; obj. given after לֵאמֹר Gn 26:11; 32:18, 20 Lv 6:2 +; וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Gn 28:1; 49:29 +. d. acc. rei, acc. pers. om., צ׳ לעולם בריתוֹ ψ 111:9; †זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צ׳ י׳, Ex 16:16, 32; 35:4 Lv 8:5; 9:6; 17:2 Nu 30:2; 36:6 (P); obj. cl., Lv 8:34 (P), 13:54 (P); Gn 42:25 (E), 1 K 5:20; Ju 4:6 e. abs. Gn 50:16 (E), La 3:37. 3. charge, command, acc. pers. in phr. כַּאֲשֶׁר צ׳ Ex 23:15 (E) Gn 7:9 (P) +; ככל אשׁר צ׳ Gn 7:5 (J) Ex 29:35 (P) +; כאשׁר צ׳ י׳ מֹשֶׁה Ex 12:28, 50; 39:1, 5 + 37 times P; ככל אשׁר צ׳ י׳ משׁה 39:32, 42 + 5 times P; †לכל אשׁר צ׳ Jos 1:18; 22:2 Je 35:8; acc. pers. om. כאשׁר צ׳ Ex 7:10 Nu 32:25 (P) +; ככל אשׁר צ׳ 2 K 11:9 = 2 Ch 23:8 +; †לכל אשׁר צ׳ Ex 36:1 (P). † 4. charge, with command to others, commission, a. acc. pers. + אֶל pers. (sometimes + acc. rei) Ex 6:13; 25:22 Lv 27:34 (P) Dt 1:3 Je 27:4 Est 4:10; acc. pers. om. Gn 50:16 (E) Est 3:12; 8:9. b. בְּיַד of agent, + אֶל, Nu 15:23; 36:13 (P); אֶל om. Lv 8:36 (P), Ezr 9:11 Ne 8:14. c. acc. pers. + עַל for אֶל Ezr 8:17 1 Ch 22:13 Mal 3:22 Est 4:5. d. c. acc. rei, וצ׳ בִּרְכָתִי לְ Lv 25:21 (P) and I will command my blessing to you, c. אִתְּךָ Dt 28:8, cf. ψ 133:3; צ׳ חסדוֹ 42:9, בֹּקֶר Jb 38:12, נָחָשׁ, חֶרֶב Am 9:3, 4. † 5. command, appoint, ordain, of divine act: in creation Is 45:12 ψ 33:9; 148:5, providence 2 S 17:14 Am 6:11; 9:9 Jb 37:12 ψ 78:23 Is 34:16, redemption ψ 7:7; 44:5; 68:29; 71:3; so of idol Is 48:5 (|| עשׂה). †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. צֻוָּה Nu 3:16; 36:2; 2 ms. צֻוֵּיתָה Gn 45:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְצֻוֶּה Ex 34:34;—be commanded, i.e. receive command, subj. pers., Gn 45:19 (E), c. בְּ by whom Nu 36:2 (P); אשׁר צ׳ Ex 34:34 (P), כִּי־כֵן צ׳ Lv 8:35; 10:13 (P), כאשׁר צ׳ Nu 3:16 (P) Ez 12:7; 24:18; 37:7.

†צִיּוּן S TWOT GK n.m. sign-post, monument (NH id. (צִיֵּין Pi. denom.); prob. from √ in orig. physical sense, v. especially Arabic صُوَّةٌ, صَوَّانٌ (ṣuwwatun, ṣawwānun) Syriac ܨܘܳܝܳܐ (ṣwoyo), cf. Schulth ⁵⁷ Kö^{. 1, 154}; > √ צין Buhl);—abs. צ׳, grave-stone 2 K 23:17; sign-post Ez 39:15; guide-posts, pl. צִיֻּנִים Je 31:21 (|| תַּמְרוּרִים).

מִצְוָה S TWOT GK₁₈₁ n.f. commandment;—מ׳ Pr 6:23 +; cstr. מִצְוַת Jos 22:3 +; sf. מִצְוָֽתְךָ Dt 26:13 ψ 119:96; מִצְוָתוֹ Nu 15:31; pl. מִצְוֹת abs. Lv 26:14 + (מִצְווֹת Ne 9:14); cstr. 4:2 +; sf. מִצְוֹתַי Gn 26:5 +, etc.;—not used before D and Je; in Je only of man’s commands; not Ez nor Minor Proph., except Mal;— 1. commandment, of man: king, 1 K 2:43 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21, 2 Ch 8:15 + 14 times; מ׳ אב Je 35:14, 16, 18 Pr 6:20; מ׳ אנשׁים Is 29:13; pl. only Je 35:18 Pr 10:8 Ne 10:33; המצוה, the order (title of property) Je 32:11. 2. of God: a. sg. the commandment, code of law: 2 Ch 8:13 Ezr 10:3 ψ 19:9; especially of D שׁמר המ׳ Dt 8:1, 2 + 5 times D; עשׂח המ׳ Dt 6:25; 15:5; (ה)מ׳ אשׁר צוּה Dt 26:13; 30:11; 31:5; סוּר מִן המ׳ Dt 17:20; מ׳ הֵפַר Nu 15:31 (P); || תּוֹרָה Ex 24:12 (R) Jos 22:5 (D) 2 Ch 14:3; 31:21; + חֻקִּים, מִשְׁפָּטִים Dt 5:28; 6:1 +. b. pl. of commands of D and later codes (exc. Ju 3:4) c. 2 pl. (ye shall, shall not; Br ^{97, 246 ff.}), Lv 4:2 + 5 times (P), Is 48:18 + 25 times (late; especially ψ 119, 20 times); שׁמר מ׳ Ex 20:6 (R) Lv 22:31 (H) Dt 4:2 + 10 times D, 1 K 14:8 2 K 18:6 + 5 times; עשׂה מ׳ Lv 26:14 (H) + 5 times; שׁמע מ׳ Dt 11:13 + 4 times; המ׳ אשׁר צוּה Lv 27:34 (H); עבר מ׳ Dt 26:13 2 Ch 24:20; עזב מ׳ 1 K 18:18 2 K 17:16 Ezr 9:10; הפר מ׳ Ezr 9:14; in combinations, especially by Redactors and late writers; order various: (1) with חֻקִּים Ex 15:26 (R) Dt 4:40 Ezr 7:11 +; ח׳ + משׁפטים Dt 26:17 1 K 8:58 Ne 1:7; 10:30; + משׁפטים, תורות Ne 9:13; + תורה Ne 9:14; + עדוֹת Dt 6:17 1 Ch 29:19 2 Ch 34:31. (2) with חֻקּוֹת Lv 26:3 (H) Dt 6:2; 10:13 + 9 times; ח׳ + משׁפטים Lv 26:15 Dt 8:11; 11:1; 30:16 1 K 6:12 + תורה, משׁפטים ψ 89:32, + משׁפטים, עֵדְוֹת 1 K 2:3; + תּוֹרוֹת Gn 26:5 (R); + עדוֹת 2 K 23:3. (3) with משׁפטים Nu 36:13 (P) 1 Ch 28:7 Ne 9:29 Dn 9:5; with תורות Ex 16:28 (R), with ערות Ne 9:34. c. of special commands of God 1 S 13:13 1 K 13:21 2 Ch 29:25 Ne 13:5 Mal 2:1, 4 Jb 23:12. 3. commandment, sg., of code of wisdom Pr 19:16, || תורה 6:23, || דבר 13:13; pl. of special commands 2:1; 3:1; 4:4 7:1, 2.

†צַו S TWOT GK appar. n.[m.], dub. word;—in הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָ֑ו Ho 5:11 usually command, ordinance; < G S Che Now GASm שָׁוְא; elsewhere only צַו לָצָ֑ו צַו לָצָ֔ו (|| קַו לָקָו קַו לָקָו), Is 28:10 in mocking mimicry of Is.’s words, and, v 13, of the unintelligible speech of י׳’s foreign agents of judgment; Ges Che al. (cf. AV RV) render command upon command; Ew Di (carpenter’s) rule ( + קַו = line and rule), from √ צָוָה (whence צִיּוּן); Du Che explain as mocking sounds without sense.

†[צָוַח S TWOT GK] vb. cry aloud (NH id.; so Assyrian ṣâḫu (?) Arabic (صيح), صَاحَ ((ṣyḥ), ṣāḥa), Aramaic צְוַח, ܨܘܰܚ (ṣwaḥ); Ethiopic ጸውዐ (ṣawwə˓a) call);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְוָ֑חוּ Is 42:11 (in joy, || יָ֫רֹנּוּ).

†צְוָחָה S TWOT GK n.f. outcry;—in distress, grief, abs. צ׳ ψ 144:14; cstr. צִוְחַת Je 14:2; sf. צִוְחָתֵךְ 46:12; abs. also Is 24:11 (c. עַל for, because of).

צול TWOT (√ of foll., cf. miṣwal (in Syria), a stone-lined hollow, or basin, for washing grain, Wetzst^{Siebe xiv (1891), 3}).

†צוּלָה S TWOT GK n.f. ocean-deep;—Is 44:27.

†[מְצוֹלָה S^, TWOT GK], מְצוּלָה n.f. depth, deep;—abs. מְצוּלָה Jb 41:23 +; pl. abs. מְצוֹלֹת Ex 15:5 Ne 9:11, מְצֹלוֹת ψ 88:7; cstr. מְצוּלוֹת Zc 10:11, מְצֻלוֹת Mi 7:19 ψ 68:23;—depth, pl. מ׳ יָם depths of the sea Mi 7:19 ψ 68:23; abs. Ex 15:5 (of Red Sea) Ne 9:11 (id.); fig. of deep distress ψ 88:7 (|| בּוֹר תַּחְתִּיּוֹת); מ׳ יְאֹר Zc 10:11 (i.e. of Nile); sg. = the deep sea, deep, ψ 107:24 Jon 2:4 Jb 41:23 (in hyperb. descript. of crocodile); depth of marsh, swamp, בִּיוֵן מ׳ ψ 69:3 in mire of (the) depth, fig. of distress (|| מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם), cf. מ׳ alone v 16 (|| בְּאֵר).

†מְצֻלָה S TWOT GK n.f. dub. word: Zc 1:8 the myrtles which are בַּמּ׳, appar. some locality about Jerus., called the basin, hollow; GASm glen or 2 poss. is מְצֻלָּה, < מְצִלָּה, shadow (iii. צלל).

†[צוּם S TWOT GK] vb. abstain from food, fast (NH id.; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ ((ṣwm), ṣāma) Ethiopic ጾመ (ṣoma) Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ (ṣom));—Qal Pf. 2 ms. צַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21; 2 mpl. צַמְתֶּם Zc 7:5, sf. צַמְתֻּנִי v 5; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צָם 2 S 12:16, וַיָּצוֹ֑ם 1 K 21:27; 1 s. אָצוּם Est 4:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. צוּמוּ v 16; Inf. abs. צוֹם Zc 7:5; Pt. צָם 2 S 12:23 Ne 1:4;—fast, in mourning the dead 1 S 31:13 = 1 Ch 10:12, 2 S 1:12; in worship (contrition, intercession, etc.) Ju 20:26 1 S 7:6 2 S 12:16 (c. acc. cogn. צוֹם; || בִּקֵּשׁ), v 23 and ( + בָּכָה), v 21, 22 (q.v. for explanation), Je 14:12 Zc 7:5 ( + סְפוֹד), הֲצוֹם צַמְתֻּנִי v 5 (Ges ^{117 x}) was it at all unto me [י׳] that ye fasted? וָאֱהִי צָם Ne 1:4 (periphr. conj.; + מִתְפַּלֵּל), cf. Ezr 8:23 ( + בִּקֵּשׁ), Est 4:16 (c. עַל pers. for whom), v 16, Is 58:3 (|| עִנִּינוּ נַפְשֵׁנוּ), v 4 (c, ל rei), v 4; once in disappointment and vexation 1 K 21:27.

†צוֹם S TWOT GK n.m. Is 58:5 fasting, fast;—צ׳ abs. 2 S 12:16 +, cstr. Zc 8:19 (4 times); sf. צֹמְכֶם Is 58:3; pl. צוֹמוֹת Est 9:31;—fast, as acc. cogn. 2 S 12:16; public observance 1 K 21:9, 12 2 Ch 20:3 Ezr 8:21 Je 36:9 Jon 3:5 (all obj. of קָרָא proclaim), cf. Jo 1:14; 2:15 (both obj. of קַדְּשׁוּ); יוֹם צוֹם Je 36:6, יוֹם צֹמְכֶם Is 58:3, cf. v 5 (|| יוֹם עַנּוֹת אָדָם נַפְשׁוֹ), v 5, 6; of periodic fasts Zc 8:19⁽⁾ Est 9:31; act or state of fasting, נֶאֶסְפוּ בְצ׳ וּבְשַׂקִּים Ne 9:1 cf. Jo 2:12 Dn 9:3 Est 4:3; עִנֵּיתִי בַצּ׳ נַפְשִׁי ψ 35:13 cf. 69:11 (on וָצֶבְכֶּה v. Che Bae); causing physical weakness 109:24.

צוע TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صاغ (ṣ˒ğ) form, fashion).

†צַעֲצֻעִים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. things formed, images; מַעֲשֵׂה צ׳ 2 Ch 3:10 image work (of cherubim).