†צָמַח S TWOT GK vb. sprout, spring up (NH id., so T צְמַח; Syriac ܨܡܰܚ (ṣmaḥ) spring or shine forth, ܨܶܡܚܳܐ (ṣemḥo) shining, also sprout; Ph. צמח posterity);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָֽמַח־בּוֹ Lv 13:37; 3 pl. וְצָֽמְחוּ consec. Is 44:4; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְמַח Jb 5:6, 3 fpl. תִּצְמַחְנָה Is 42:9, etc.; Pt. צֹמֵחַ Ex 10:5, צוֹמֵחַ Ec 2:6; fpl. צֹמְחוֹת Gn 41:6, 23;—sprout, spring up: 1. of plants, trees, etc. Gn 2:5 Ex 10:5 (both J), Gn 41:6, 23 (E), Ez 17:6 (in fig.); once (late) יַעַר צוֹמֵחַ עֵצִים Ec 2:6 wood sprouting with trees (full of growing trees); fig. of future ruler (v. צֶמַח) Zc 6:12, posterity Is 44:4, cf. Jb 8:19, trouble (עָמָל) 5:6, truth (אֱמֶת) ψ 85:12, restoration (אֲרֻכָֽתְךָ) Is 58:8, future events Is 42:9. 2. of hair Lv 13:37 (P; cf. Pi.). Pi. grow abundantly, always of hair;—Pf. 3 ms. צִמֵּחַ Ez 16:7 (in fig.): Impf. 3 ms. יִצַמַּח 2 S 10:5 = 1 Ch 19:5 (of beard); Inf. cstr. לְצַמֵּחַ Ju 16:22 (Samson’s hair). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. וְהִצְמִיחָהּ Is 55:10; Impf. Is 55:10; Impf. 3 ms. יַצְמִיחַ 2 S 23:5 Is 61:11, וַיַּצְמַח Gn 2:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְהַצְמִיחַ Jb 38:27; Pt. מַצְמִיחַ ψ 104:14; 147:8;— 1. cause to grow, c. acc. of plant, subj. י׳ Gn 2:9 ψ 104:14, cf. Jb 38:27, c. 2 acc. ψ 147:8 who causeth mts. to sprout grass; fig., obj. צֶמַח צְדָקָה Je 33:15; horn (קֶרֶן) of Isr. Ez 29:21, of David ψ 132:17; righteousness, etc. Is 61:11b; cf. also 2 S 23:5 (if interrog., v. Dr Bu; otherwise HPS); subj. ground Gn 3:18 cf. Is 61:11a (sim.), Dt 29:22 (obj. om.); also (fig.) Is 45:8 (cf. Di Kit). 2. of rain, cause the earth to sprout (abs.), Is 55:10.

†צֶ֫מַח S TWOT GK n.m. Je 23:5 sprout, growth;—abs. צ׳ Ho 8:7 +, צֶ֑מַח Zc 3:8; cstr. צֶ֫מַח Gn 19:25 +; sf. צִמְחָהּ Ez 17:9 +;— 1. coll. sprouting, growth, צ׳ הָאֲדָמָה Gn 19:25 (J), צ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Ez 16:7 (sim.), cf. Is 61:11 ψ 65:11; so צ׳ יהוה Is 4:2, צ׳ abs. Ho 8:7; growth ( = foliage) of vine, טַרְפֵּי צ׳ Ez 17:9. 2. process of growth, of vine, עֲרֻגֹת צִמְחָהּ Ez 17:10 = the beds where it grew. 3. future ruler, under fig. of sprout from Davidic tree (cf. ψ 132:17) וַהֲקִמֹתִי לְדָוִד צ׳ צַדִּיק Je 23:5 a righteous sprout, shoot, = אַצְמִיחַ לְדָוִד צ׳ צְדָקָה 33:15; hence (as n.pr.) עַבְדִּי צ׳ Ze 3:8, of Joshua אִישׁ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ 6:12.

צַמִּים S TWOT GK v. צמם.

צְמִיתֻת S TWOT GK v. צמת.

צמם TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَمَّ (ḍamma) draw together, or صَمَّ (ṣamma) bandage (a wound), be compact; NH צִמְצֵם press; T^Jer Palp. Ithpalp. veil (?denom.)).

†צַמָּה S TWOT GK n.f. woman’s veil; sf. צַמָּתֵךְ;—Is 47:2 Ct 4:1, 3; 6:7.

†צַמִּים S TWOT GK n.m. doubtful word, usually snare, trap (from || פַּח Jb 18:9);—וְשָׁאַף צ׳ חֵילָם Jb 5:5 and a snare snappeth at their wealth (so Bu Bev ^{xxvi, 304 f.}; Vrss Di Du and most mod. צְמֵאִים, or צָמֵא, the thirsty, sometimes with change of וְשָׁאַף); 18:9 (|| פַּח; Che ^{ix (1897), 578} צִירִים pangs, cf. Is 13:8).

†[צָמַק S TWOT GK] vb. dry up, shrivel (NH id.; T Nu 6:3 צְמִיקִין, for יְבֵשִׁיּם);—Qal Pt. act. pl. שָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים Ho 9:14 shrivelling breasts (of women; || רֶחֶם מַשְׁכִּיל).

†[צִמּוּק S TWOT GK] n.m. 1 S 30:12 bunch of raisins (dried grapes);—pl. צִמֻּקִים 1 S 25:18; 30:12, צִמּוּקִים 2 S 16:1 1 Ch 12:41 (van d. H. v 40).

צמר TWOT (√ of foll.; NH צֶמֶר = BH; Ethiopic ፀምር (ḍamr) Aramaic עַמְרָא, ܥܶܡܪܳܐ (˓emro); Palm. עמרא).

†צֶ֫מֶר S TWOT GK n.m. Ez 44:17 wool;—abs. צ׳ Is 1:18, צָ֑מֶר Lv 13:48; cstr. צֶ֫מֶר Ez 27:18 (v. inf.); sf. צַמְרִי Ho 2:7, 11;—wool (usually c. פִּשְׁתִּי(ם) flax, linen): in natural state גִּזַּת הַצּ׳ Ju 6:37, אֵילִים צ׳ 2 K 3:4 (but constr. difficult, and צ׳ perhaps gloss); Ho 2:7, 11 (as gift of value); white Is 1:18 (sim.; || שֶׁלֶג), sim. of snow ψ 147:16 (from white flakes); white (?) wool as merchandise Ez 27:18 (צ׳ צָ֑חַר, but on text v. צַּ֫חַר), Pr 31:13; prey of moth Is 51:8 (sim.); made up into garments Dt 22:11, בֶּגֶד צ׳ Lv 13:47, 59 cf. v 48, 52; בֶּגֶד om. Ez 34:3; 44:17.

†צַמֶּ֫רֶת S TWOT GK n.f. tree-top (poss. from woolly, feathery, appearance);—צ׳ cstr., of cedar (in fig.) Ez 17:3, 22, so sf. צַמַּרְתּוֹ 31:3, 10; of tall trees in gen., צַמַּרְתָּם v 14.

†צְמָרִי S GK adj.gent. c. art. as subst. coll. (people of the city called Ṣimirra by Assyrian, COT Gn Dl ^{281 f.}, Egyptian Ḏa-(m)-ma-rḁ WMM ¹⁸⁷; TelAm. Ṣumur according to Zim ^{xiii (1890), 145} Jastr ^{xii (1893), 63}; Gk. τὰ Σίμυρα, etc., e.g. Strabo^{xvi, 2, 12}, > Wkl ^{1896, 203 f., 40} thinks צ׳, Σίμυρα, = Assyrian Zimarra, distinct from Ṣimirra-Ṣumur);—הַצּ׳ Gn 10:18 = 1 Ch 1:16, G τὸν Σαμαραῖον; Ez 27:11 Co reads וּצְמָרִים for וְגַמָּדִים (q.v.); Toy Krae retain וְג׳;—cf. mod. Ṣumra, N. of Tripoli and S. of Ruad (Arvad), v. Pietschm ³⁹ Bäd ^{3 (1898), 407}.

†צְמָרַיִם S GK n.pr.loc. 1. in Benj. Jos 18:22, Σαρα, A Σεμριμ, GL Σαμαρειμ, perhaps Es-samra, N. of Jericho Buhl ¹⁸⁰. 2. הַר־צ׳ mt. in Ephraim 2 Ch 13:4, Σομορων, unknown.

†[צָמַת S TWOT GK] vb. put an end to, exterminate, poet. and (in Qal, Pi.) hyperb. (proposes compress, NH id., press together; Arabic صَمَتَ (ṣamata) is be silent, ii, iv. make speechless, silence; Syriac ܨܡܰܬ (ṣmat) be silent (in Lexx));—Qal Pf. 3 pl. צָֽמְתוּ … חַיָּ֑י La 3:53 they have put an end to my life (Bu conj. Pi.). Niph. be ended, annihilated; Pf. 1 s. נִצְמַתִּי מִפְּנֵי־חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 23:17 I am [not] annihilated because of (the) darkness; 3 pl. נִצְמָ֑תוּ Jb 6:17 (of dried-up brooks). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. צִמְּחַתְנִי ψ 119:139 קִנְאָתִי hath put an end to me (it is so intense). Pi˓lēl Pf. 3 pl. sf. צִמְּתֻתוּנִי (but read צִמְּתוּנִי Ges ^{55 d}, or צִמְּתָ֑תְנִי Hi [Ges ^{145 k}]; cf. Bae) ψ 88:17 thine alarms have annihilated me. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הִצְמַתָּה ψ 73:27; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַצְמִיתֵם ψ 94:23⁽⁾; 2 ms. תַּצְמִית ψ 143:12, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַצְמִיתֵם ψ 54:7; Pt. pl. sf. מַצְמִיתַי ψ 69:5;—exterminate, annihilate, c. acc. pers., subj. Psalmist ψ 18:41 = 2 S 22:41 (read as in ψ), 101:5, 8; his foes ψ 69:5; י׳ 54:7; 73:27; 94:23⁽⁾; 143:12.

†צְמִיתֻת S TWOT GK n.f. completion, finality, only in phr. לִצ׳, לַצּ׳ = in perpetuity, of alienation of land; לִצְמִתֻת Lv 25:23, לַצְּמִיתֻת v 30 (P).

†צִן S GK n.pr.loc. Σ(ε)ιν; name of wilderness S. of Canaan, where lay Kadesh Barnea, c. ה loc. צִ֫נָה Nu 34:4 (where Lag ⁴⁷ חצן), Jos 15:3 (van d. H. צִ֫נָּה in Jos); elsewhere מִדְבַּר־צִן Nu 13:21; 20:1; 27:14⁽⁾; 33:36; 34:3 Dt 32:51 Jos 15:1 (all P).

[צֵן S TWOT GK], i, ii, iii. צִנָּה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} , v. I, II, III. צנן.

†צֹנֶה S TWOT^, GK^, , [צֹנֶא] [n.m.] flocks (|| form of צֹאן q.v.);—abs. צֹנֶה ψ 8:8; sf. צֹנַאֲכֶם Nu 32:24 (JE).

†[צָנַח S TWOT GK] vb. descend (meaning inferred from context);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּצְנַח מֵעַל הַחֲמוֹר Ju 1:14 = Jos 15:18 and she descended (alighted) from the ass; וַתּ׳ בָּאָרֶץ Ju 4:21 and it (the tentpeg) went down into the ground.

†[צָנַם S TWOT GK] vb. dry up, harden (cf. Aramaic צוּנָמָא, ܨܘܢܳܡܳܐ (ṣwnomo), stone);—Qal Pt. pass. fpl. צְנֻמוֹת Gn 41:23 (E) of ears of grain.

I. צנן TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; meaning obscure).

†[צֵן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] thorn? barb?;—pl. צִנִּים Pr 22:5 ( + פַּחִים); וְאֶל־מִצִּנִּים Jb 5:5 from (behind) thorns (a protecting thorn hedge, so Di), but very dub.; Che ^{July, 1897, 576} del. as doublet of צַמִּים; Bev ^{xxvi, 305} proposes וְאֹנָם צִנִּים [and as to their wealth, barbs (? barbed spears) take it].

†i. [צִנָּה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] n.f. appar. hook, or barb (of fishing-spear?);—pl. צִנּוֹת Am 4:2 (|| סִירוֹת דּוּגָת).

†[צָנִין S TWOT GK] n.[m.] thorn, prick;—pl. צְנִינִם Nu 33:55 (P; || שִׂכִּים), צְנִנִים Jos 23:13 (D; both fig.).

II. צנן TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; NH צָנַן be cold, so J.Aram צְנַן; T צִינְתָא cold).

†ii. [צִנָּה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] n.f. coolness;—cstr. צִנַּת־שֶׁלֶג Pr 25:13 coolness of snow (צינת רוח צפון Ecclus 43:20).

III. צנן TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; Thes (so Di^Lex) cp. Arabic صَانَ (ṣāna) preserve, keep, Ethiopic ጸወነ (ṣawwana) protect, but dub.).

†iii. צִנָּה S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.f. large shield (covering whole body);—abs. צ׳ 1 S 17:7 +; pl. צִנּוֹת 2 Ch 11:12;—shield, larger than מָגֵן 1 K 10:16⁽⁾ (cf. v 17) = 2 Ch 9:15⁽⁾; נשֵֹׁא (הַ)צִנָּה 1 S 17:7, 41 (הָאִישׁ נ׳ הַצּ׳), 2 Ch 14:7, נשְֹׁאֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:25 (van d. H. v 24); עִרְכוּ מָגֵן וְצִנָּה Je 46:3, cf. עֹרְכֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:9 (van d. H. v 8); אֹחֵז רֹמַח וְצ׳ 2 Ch 25:5; הַחֲזֵק מָגֵן וְצ׳ ψ 35:2; הֵקִים עָלַיִךְ צ׳ Ez 26:8; + מָגֵן also 23:24; 38:4; 39:9; צ׳ 1 Ch 12:35 (van d. H. v 34) 2 Ch 11:12; sim. of י׳’s favour ψ 5:13; fig. of י׳’s faithfulness 91:4.

†צִנְצֶ֫נֶת S TWOT GK n.f. jar, or like receptacle (so Vrss and context; perhaps from above √; > basket = T Talm. צִנָּא);—Ex 16:33 (P).

צְנָן S GK v. צַאֲנָן.

†[צָנַע S TWOT GK^, ] vb. be modest, humble (perhpas proposes be retired, NH Hiph. keep close, reserve, preserve, so T אַצְנַע; צְנִיעַ retiring, modest);—Hiph. Inf. abs. הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת Mi 6:8 a making humble to walk = shewing a humble walk (with God).

†[צָנוּעַ S TWOT GK] adj. modest (on format. cf. Ba^{BN § 31 d});—pl. צְנוּעִים Pr 11:2 (v. Toy; opp. זָדוֹן).

†[צָנַף S TWOT GK] vb. warp, or wind up, together (cf. Arabic صَنِفَةٌ (ṣanifatun) hem of garment, T צְנָפָא skirt ( = כָּנָף); מַצְנֵפָא, ܡܰܨܢܰܦܬܳܐ (maṣnapto) turban, Chr. Pal. ܨܢܦܬܐ (ṣnpt˒) tassel);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְנֹף Lv 16:4 he shall wind (his head) with (ב) the turban (מִצְנֶפֶת q.v.); sf., + Inf. abs. and acc. cogn. צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה Is 22:18 he will wind thee entirely up (with) a winding (under fig. of ball, to be driven far off, in exile).—צנוף Is 62:3 v. following.

†צָנִיף S TWOT GK^, n.m. Zc 3:5 turban;—abs. צ׳ Zc 3:5⁽⁾ (for h. priest) and (fig. of righteousness) Jb 29:14; cstr. צְנִיף מְלוּכָה Is 62:3 Qr royal turban (Kt צנוף); pl. הַצְּנִיפוֹת Is 3:23 (of women’s turbans).

†צְנֵפָה S TWOT GK n.f. winding;—Is 22:18, v. [צנף].

†מִצְנֶ֫פֶת S TWOT GK n.f. turban of high priest;—abs. מ׳ Ez 21:31, מִצְנָ֑פֶת Ex 28:37; 29:6; cstr. מִצְנֶ֫פֶת Lv 16:4;—turban of linen Ex 28:4, 37⁽⁾ 39; 29:6⁽⁾ 39:28, 31 Lv 8:9⁽⁾ 16:4; sign of royalty Ez 21:31.

צנק TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Sam. צנק (ṣnq) shut up or in, and perhaps Ethiopic ጸቈነ (ṣaqʷana) hedge about, Prä ^{i. 374}; cf. also Arabic زَنَقَ (zanaqa) bind, restrain, straighten, Syriac ܙܢܰܩ (znaq) (in Lexx; usually throw)).

†צִינֹק S TWOT GK n.[m.] pillory;—Je 29:26 (|| מַהְפֶּכֶת).

צנר TWOT (√ of foll.; NH צִנּוֹר = BH (also hinge-socket), and so T צִינּוֹרָא (rare)).

†צִנּוֹר S TWOT GK n.m. pipe, spout, conduit (so NH);—abs. וְיִגַּע בַּצִּנּוֹר 2 S 5:8 (i.e., si vera l., of Jerus., but very dubious, cf. Dr HPS); pl. sf. קוֹל צִנּוֹרֶיךָ ψ 42:8 the sound of thy (water-) spouts fig., of sluices of heaven opened, cf. אֲרֻבָּה, פֶּלֶג.

†צַנְתְּרוֹת S TWOT GK n.m.pl. cstr. pipes feeding lamps with oil Zc 4:12 (in vision) (formation by inserting ת according to Bö ^{300 b} Kö ^{1, 201}).

†I. [צָעַד S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. step, march (NH id. (rare); Arabic صَعِدَ (ṣa˓ida) ascend);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָֽעֲדָה Gn 49:22 (but on text v. infr.); 3 pl. צָֽעֲדוּ 2 S 6:13; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְעָ֑ד Pr 7:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּצַעַדְךָ Ju 5:4, בְּצַעְדְּךָ ψ 68:8;—step, march, of י׳ Ju 5:4 ψ 68:8 (c. ב loc.), Hb 3:12 (c. acc. אֶרֶץ); read prob. also צֹעֵד Is 63:1 (for MT צֹעֶה, v. צעה); of men, c. acc. cogn. צְעָדִים 2 S 6:13 they had gone six steps; c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ step a certain way Pr 7:8; of idols, לֹא יִצְעָ֑דוּ Je 10:5.—בָּנוֹת צָֽעֲדָה עֲלֵי־שׁוּר Gn 49:22 is dubious: usually (its) daughters (twigs of bough) have climbed over the wall (on sg. vb. v. Ges ^{145 k}; others think ה—ָ old fpl. ending, e.g. Nö ^{xxxviii (1884), 411} JPPeters ^{iii (1887), 111; (1888), 199}; conject. emend. of text v. in Ball Holz). Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. sf. וְתַצְעִדֵהוּ Jb 18:14 and it (an unseen power Di; disease Du, reading וְיַצ׳) makes him march, c. ל pers.

†[צַ֫עַד S TWOT GK] n.m. 2 S 6:13 step, pace;—abs. צָ֑עַד Pr 30:29; sf. צַעֲדוֹ Je 10:3 Pr 6:9, etc.; pl. cstr. צַעֲדֵי Jb 18:7; sf. צְעָדַי Jb 31:4, etc.;— 1. lit. step, pace, 2 S 6:13, תַּרְחִיב צַעֲדִי תַּחְתֵּנִי 2 S 22:37 = ψ 18:37, i.e. givest me firm footing, מֵיטִיבֵי צ׳ Pr 30:29 = making a good step, stately in march; La 4:18 (|| לָ֑כֶת). 2. step, steps, in fig. of course of life, fortune: sg. לֹא יֵצַר צ׳ Pr 4:12; || דֶּרֶךְ Je 10:23 Pr 16:9; pl. Jb 14:16; 31:4; 34:21, צַעֲדֵי אוֹנוֹ 18:7 (cf. Pr 4:12 supr.); מִסְפַּר־צְעָדַי אַגִּידֶנּוּ 31:37; of harlot Pr 5:5 fig., שְׁאוֹל צְעָדֶיהָ יִתְמֹ֑כוּ.

†i. צְעָדָה S TWOT GK^, n.f. marching;—קוֹל צ׳ 2 S 5:24 the sound of marching = 1 Ch 14:15.

[מִצְעָד S TWOT GK] n.[m.] step;—pl. sf. בְּמִצְעָדָיו Dn 11:43 i.e. at his heels, in his train; cstr., fig. of course of life, מִצְעֲדֵי־גֶבֶר ψ 37:23 (|| דַּרְכּוֹ), Pr 20:24.

II. צעד (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†ii. [צְעָדָה S TWOT GK^, ] n.f. armlet, band clasping upper arm (so SS al.; most 3, from I. צעד);—pl. הַצְּעָדוֹת Is 3:20 (ladies’ finery); read הַצּ׳ also 2 K 11:12 (for MT הָעֵדוּת) We ^{4, 258 (2), 361} Kmp SS Kit Benz.

†אֶצְעָדָה S TWOT GK n.f. id.;—abs. א׳ Nu 31:50 ( + צָמִיד bracelet); א׳ אֲשֶׁר עַל־זְרֹעוֹ 2 S 1:10 (read הַצְּעָדָה We Dr Bu HPS, cf. 2 K 11:12 supr.).

†[צָעָה S TWOT GK] vb. stoop, bend, incline (Arabic صَغَا (و, ى) (ṣağā (w, y)) incline, lean, cf. also صَغِىَ (ṣağiya));—Qal Pt. 1. צֹעֶה Is 51:14 one stooping (under a burden), 63:1 bending (forward or backward; from abundant strength), but read prob. צֹעֵד marching (Lo Gr Che Du Di-Kit al.); f. אַתְּ צֹעָה זֹנָה Je 2:20 (in sensu obscoeno). 2. trans. ( = Pi. q.v.) pl. צֹעִים Je 48:12 men inclining, tipping a vessel, to empty it. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. sf. וְצֵעֻהוּ Je 48:12 I will send tippers and they shall tip him over (Moab, under fig. of vessel).

†[צָעַן S TWOT GK] vb. wander, travel (Arabic ظَعَنَ (ẓa˓ana) journey, go away; prob. connected with Assyrian ṣênu, Ethiopic ጸዐነ (ṣa˓ana), Aramaic טְעַן, Palm. טען, all load (beast, etc.) = Heb. טָעַן †Gn 45:17; Aramaic טְעַן, ܛܥܰܢ (ṭ˓an) also bear, carry);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִצְעָן Is 33:20 travel, i.e. be removed, of tent ( + יִסַּע).

†צֹ֫עַן S GK n.pr.loc. Τανις: Tanis, in Egypt (Egyptian D̲a˓nĕ(t) Steind ⁶⁰⁰, in Assyrian Ṣi˒inu, Sa˒anu Ib^{id. 598 ff.} Dl ³¹⁵); it was built 7 years after Hebron according to Nu 13:22; Is 19:11, 13; 30:4 Ez 30:14 ψ 78:12, 43; mod. Ṣân, in NW. part of Delta; v. also Eb ^{512 ff.} Bd.^{Lower Egyptian 3 (1895), 228} Petrie^{Tanis (1885)}.

†צַעֲנַנִּים S GK n.pr.loc. only c. בְּ, pointed as prep., and so most (but ב perhaps radical, v. GFM); on border of Naphtali, near Ḳedesh;—בְּצ׳ Jos 19:33 (Βεσεμεειν, Σεενανειμ, etc.) + Ju 4:11 Qr (Kt בצענים), G πλεονεκτούντων (√ בָּצַע), ἀναπαυομένων.

צעף TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَعُفَ (ḍa˓ufa) iii. make double, ضِعْفٌ (ḍi˓fun) double; Ethiopic ዐጸፈ (˓aṣafa) fold, double, so Aramaic עוּף, ܥܳܦ, ܐܰܥܺܝܦ (˓op, ˒a˓ip) double (for ܥܰܥܺܝܦ (˓a˓ip) = צָעִיף), cf. T עֵיפָא for Heb. צָעִיף (proposes a double or folded thing); v. especially Lag^{Sem. i. 23 ff.}).

†צָעִיף S TWOT GK n.[m.] wrapper, shawl, or veil;—abs. צ׳ Gn 24:65; 38:14; sf. צְעִיפָהּ v 19 (all J).

צַעֲצֻעִים S TWOT GK v. צוע.

†צָעַק S TWOT GK vb. cry, cry out, call (||זָעַק; NH id.; Arabic صَعَقَ (ṣa˓aqa), perhaps orig. sound as thunder, cf. صَاعِقَةٌ (ṣā˓iqatun) thunderbolt, صَعِقَ (ṣa˓iqa) bellow (of bull));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ 1 K 20:39 La 2:18, 3 fs. צָֽעֲקָה Dt 22:24 +, etc.; Impf. יִצְעַק Ex 23:22 +, etc.; Imv. fs. וְצַעֲקִי Je 22:20, וּצֳעָ֑קִי v 20; fpl. צְעַקְנָה 49:3; Inf. abs. צָעֹק Ex 22:22; cstr. לִצְעֹק 2 K 8:3; Pt. fs. abs. צֹעֶ֫קֶת 2 K 8:5; mpl. צֹעֲקִים Gn 4:10 Ex 5:8;— 1. cry, cry out, for help, usually c. אֶל pers.;—a. unto man Gn 41:55 (E; + ל rei), Nu 11:3 (JE), 1 K 20:39 2 K 6:26; 8:3 ( + אֶל rei), v 5 ( + עַל rei); sq. אמר Ex 5:15 (J), 2 K 4:1 and (אֶל pers. om.) Ex 5:8 (J), 2 K 4:40; 6:5. b. especially unto י׳: Gn 4:10 Ex 8:3 ( + עַל־דְּבַר rei), 14:10, 15; 15:25; 17:4; 22:22 (צָעֹק יִצְעַק), v 26 Nu 12:13; 20:16 Jos 24:7 (all JE), Ju 4:3; 10:12 Dt 26:7 Is 19:20 ( + מִפְּנֵי rei), La 2:18 Ne 9:27 ψ 107:6, 28; קוֹלִי אֶל־א׳ וְאֶצְעָ֑קָה 77:2, cf. 34:18; c. לי׳ 2 Ch 13:14, נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ ψ 88:2. c. cry unto (אֶל) idol Is 46:7. 2. abs. cry, cry out, in distress, need;—Gn 27:34 (J; c. acc. cogn.), Dt 22:24, 27 Is 33:7 (|| בָּכָה), 65:14 (|| הֵילִיל, opp. רָנַן; c. מִן rei), Je 22:20⁽⁾ (|| נָתַן קוֹל), 49:3 (|| הֵילִיל), Jb 35:12; c. obj. חָמָס Jb 19:7 (|| אֲשַׁוַּע). 3. make outcry, clamour, Is 42:2 ( + יִשָּׂא, יַשְׁמִיעַ קוֹלוֹ). Niph. be summoned (i.e. to arms), abs.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּצָּעֵק Ju 7:23, 24; 12:1, so 3 mpl. וַיִּצָּֽעֲקוּ 10:17 2 K 3:21, sq. אַחֲרֵי שָׁאוּל + acc. loc. 1 S 13:4. Pi. Pt. מְצַעֵק cry aloud, in grief, 2 K 2:12. Hiph. call together וַיַּצְעֵק אֶת־הָעָם אֶל־י׳ הַמִּצְפָּה 1 S 10:17.

†צְעָקָה S TWOT GK n.f. cry, outcry (older form of זְעָקָה);—abs. צ׳ Gn 27:34 +; cstr. צַעֲקַת Ex 3:9 +; sf. צַעֲקָתוֹ 1 S 9:16 +, etc.;— 1. outcry against (Sodom) Gn 18:21; 19:13 (both J). 2. cry of distress, especially as heard by י׳ Ex 3:7 (J), 22:22 (E), cf. Is 5:7 Jb 27:9; 34:28 ψ 9:13; צ׳ בָּאָה אֵלַי Ex 3:9 (E), 1 S 9:16, cf. Jb 34:28; צ׳ גְּדֹלָה Ex 11:6; 12:30 (both J), Ne 5:1; as acc. cogn. Gn 27:34 (J); קוֹל צ׳ 1 S 4:14 Je 25:36 (|| יְלָלָה), Zp 1:10 (|| id., + שֶׁבֶר גדול), Je 48:3 (|| שֹׁד וָשֶׁבֶר גדול), cf. 49:21; צעֲקַת שֶׁבֶר 48:5 (|| בְּכִי).

†[צָעַר S TWOT GK] vb. be, or grow, insignificant (|| זער; NH id., Assyrian ṣeḫêru, be small, Arabic صَغُرَ (ṣağura) id.; Syriac ܨܥܰܪ (ṣ˓ar) be insignificant, despicable; T צְעַר trans. despise, belittle);—Qal Impf. (opp. כָּבֵד), 3 mpl. יִצְעֲרוּ Jb 14:21, יִצְעָ֑רוּ Je 30:19; Pt. as subst. הַצֹּעֲרִים Zc 13:7 (i.e. sheep, in fig., cf. Now).

†צֹ֫עַר S GK, צ֫וֹעַר n.pr.loc. Zoar (understood as insignificance, cf. Gn 19:20);—Σηγωρ, GL Σιγωρ, but Gn 13:10 Je 48:34 Ζογορ(α); on G cf. furhter Lag ^{54 f.}: city at SE. end of Dead Sea, צֹעַר Gn 13:10; 14:2, 8 (both = בֶּלַע), Dt 34:3 Is 15:5 Je 48:34; צוֹעַר Gn 19:22, 30⁽⁾; c. ה loc., צֹ֫עֲרָה v 23 + Je 48:4 (for MT צעוריה), G Ζογορα, JDMich Ew Gf Gie al.—Cf. Buhl ^{271. 274} GASm ^{506 f. 678 (App.)}.

†i. צָעִיר S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, adj. little, insignificant, young;—abs. צָעִיר Gn 25:23 +; f. צְעִירָה Gn 19:31 +; צְעִרָה 1 S 9:21; mpl. צְעִירִים Jb 30:1; sf. צְעִירֶיהָ Je 48:4 Qr (Kt צעוריה; but v. צֹעַר); צְעִירֵיהֶם Je 14:3 (Kt צעוריהם), etc.;— 1. a. little, with idea of insignificance Ju 6:15 (|| הַדַּל), cf. 1 S 9:21 (|| קְטַנֵּי), Mi 5:1 ψ 68:28 Is 60:22 (opp. גוי עצום); of horn in vision Dn 8:9, read prob אחרת צעירה for אחת מִצְּעִירָה, cf. Bev Dr; צְעִירֵי הַצֹּאן Je 49:20; 50:45 (fig. of helpless captives). b. insignificant, mean, ψ 119:141 (|| נִבְוֶה), Je 14:3 (as subst.); on Je 48:4 v. צֹעַר. 2. more often of age, young (usually c. art. the younger, youngest, as subst.), of son (brother), opp. הַבְּכוֹר Gn 43:33; 48:14 (both J), Jos 6:26 1 K 16:34, opp. רַב Gn 25:23 (J), cf. צ׳ אני לְיָמִים ואתם יְשִׁישִׁים Jb 32:6, cf. 30:1; of daughter (sister), opp. הַבְּכִירָה Gn 19:31, 34, 35, 38 (J) 29:26 (E); here belongs צְעִירִים מִמֶּנִּי לימים Jb 30:1, si vera l.; GHB WR Siegf Bu del. ממני לימים; G ἐλάχιστοι; put then under 1 b.

†ii. [צָעִיר S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, ] n.pr.loc. prob. on border of Edom, צָעִ֫ירָה 2 K 8:21, εἰς Σειωρ (GL ἐκ Σιωρ).

†[צְעִירָה S TWOT GK] n.f. youth;—sf. כִּצְעִרָתוֹ Gn 43:33 (J; opp. כִּבְכֹרָתוֹ).—On adj. צְעִירָה v. foregoing; צעוריה Je 48:4, צעוריהם Je 14:3, v. צֹעַר, צָעִיר.

†צוּעָר S GK n.pr.m. Σωγαρ, in Issachar (little one);—always in נְתַנְאֵל בֶּן־צ׳ Nu 1:8; 2:5; 7:18, 23; 10:15.

†צִיעֹר S GK n.pr.loc. Σωρθ, AGL Σιωρ, Jos 15:54, prob. Ṣâ˓îr, 5 m. NNE. from Hebron, Buhl ¹⁵⁸.

†i. מִצְעָר S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. a small thing (|| מִזְעָר);— 1. abs. מ׳ a small thing, of city Gn 19:20⁽⁾ (J); of Job’s fortunes, רֵאשִׁיתְךָ מ׳ Jb 8:7 (opp. יִשְׂגֶּה מְאֹד); cstr. מִצְעַר אֲנָשִׁים 2 Ch 24:24 a few men; 2. of time לַמּ׳ Is 63:18 for the [a] little while.—ψ 42:7 v. ii. מ׳.

†ii. מִצְעָר S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.mont. near Hermon, הַר מ׳ ψ 42:7 mt. (of) Miṣ˓ar (perhaps orig. littleness), not identified; so De Now Du Dr GASm ⁴⁷⁷; others mt. of littleness, little mt., so G B Hi Che Bae We al. (interpr. then usually of Zion).

†צָפַד S TWOT GK vb. draw together, contract (NH id., trans.; Arabic صَفَدَ (ṣafada) bind fast, shackle, cf. Nö ^{§ 46} who cp. Mand. סאפטים fetters);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ La 4:8 their skin contracteth, shrivelleth, upon (עַל) their bones.

צָפָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} Ez 32:6 v. צוף.

I. [צָפָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ]₃₇ vb. look out or about, spy, keep watch (NH id., Pi. hope; Ethiopic ሰፈወ (saffawa) iii. 2 hope);—Qal₂₈ Impf. 3 ms. juss. יִ֫צֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ Gn 31:49 (J) may י׳ keep watch between me and thee (that the covenant be kept = א׳ עֵד וגו׳ v 50); 3 fpl. עֵינָיו בַּגּוֹיִם תִּצְפֶּי֑נָה ψ 66:7 his eyes keep watch upon the nations; Pt. act. צוֹפֶה רָשָׁע לַצַּדִּיק ψ 37:32 a wicked man spieth upon the righteous; Ct 7:5 the town which looketh toward (פְּנֵי) Damascus; f. צוֹפִיָּה Pr 31:27 she keepeth watch of (c. acc.); pl. עֵינֵי י׳ צֹפוֹת רָעִים וְטוֹבִים Pr 15:3; elsewhere as subst. watchman, abs. צֹפֶה 2 S 13:34 +; pl. צֹפִים 1 S 14:16 +, sf. צֹפָיו Is 56:10 Qr (Kt צפו), צֹפַיִךְ Is 52:8;—1 S 14:16 2 S 13:34 + 8 times SK, Ez 33:2, 6⁽⁾ Is 52:8, so in שְׂדֵה צֹפִים Nu 23:14 (JE); fig. of prophets Ho 9:8 Je 6:17 Ez 3:17; 33:7 Is 56:10;—צוֹפִים 1 S 1:1 v. צוּפִי; Pt. pass. צָפוּ (Codd. and Qr צָפוּי), Jb 15:22 spied out (and brought) to (אֱלֵי) the sword (Ew Bi Perles ²⁹ צָפוּן cf. Di Bu). †Pi. Pf. 1 pl. צִפִּינוּ La 4:17; Impf. 1 s. אֲצַפֶּה Mi 7:7 +; Imv. ms. צַפֵּה Na 2:2, fs. צַפִּי Je 48:19; Pt. מְצַפֶּה 1 S 4:13, Is 21:6; pl. sf. מְצַפֶּיךָ Mi 7:4;—watch (closely), אֶל־דֶּרֶךְ עִמְדִי וְצ׳ Je 48:19, צ׳־דֶרֶךְ Na 2:2; + אֶל of person expected La 4:17; fig. אֲצַפֶּה בְּי׳ Mi 7:7; abs. lit. 1 S 4:13; fig. Hb 2:1 I will look forth, to see (לִרְאוֹת) what he will say; ψ 5:4 I will look out (expectantly); pt. as n. = watchman Is 21:6 Mi 7:4.

†צְפוֹ S GK, צְפִי S GK n.pr.m. Σωφαρ: in Edom (?gaze, gazing);—צְפוֹ Gn 36:11, 15 + v 43 (ins. prob. after עירם; cf. Lag^{Sept. Stud. ii. 10, 1, 178; 37, 1, 270} Nes^{Mar. 12}) = צְפִי 1 Ch 1:36.

צְפוֹן S GK, צְפוֹנִי S^, TWOT GK^, v. צִפְיוֹן.

†[צִפִּיָּה S TWOT GK] n.f. outlook-post(?);—sf. בְּצִפִּיָּתֵנוּ צִפִּינוּ La 4:17 (Ba ¹³⁹; Bi [for both] בְּצַפּוֹתֵנוּ).

†צִפְיוֹן S GK n.pr.m. Σαφων: son of Gad (? gaze);—Gn 46:16, = צְפוֹן Nu 26:15 (v. בַּעַל צ׳).

†i. צְפוֹנִי S^, TWOT GK^, adj.gent. of צְפוֹן (v. foregoing); c. art. as subst. coll. Nu 26:15.—ii. צ׳ v. צפן.

†i. מִצְפֶּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. 1. watch-tower, Is 21:8. 2. outlook-point, 2 Ch 20:24 on high ground.

†ii. מִצְפֶּה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. 1. הַמּ׳ in Shephelah of Judah Jos 15:38, Μας(ς)ηφα. 2. מִצְפֵּה־מוֹאָב 1 S 22:3, Μασσηφα. 3. מִצְפֵּה גִלְעָד Ju 11:29⁽⁾ (ἡ σκοπιά) prob. = רָמַת הַמּ׳ Jos 13:26 Μας(ση)φα and perhaps מִצְפָּה 2.—Jos 11:8; 18:26 v. מִצְפָּה 3, 4.

מִצְפָּה S GK₃₈ n.pr.loc. (proposes 3 or 3 c. art. (except Ho 5:1));—† 1. in Gilead, expl. as name given to Laban’s cairn, N. of Jabbok Gn 31:49 (on text v. Ball Holz; G ἡ ὅρασις). † 2. prob. S. of Jabbok, Ju 10:17 (ἡ σκοπιά), 11:11, 34 (Μασσηφα; so GL 10:17), Ho 5:1 (ἡ σκοπιά); appar. = ii. מִצְפֶּה 3, Buhl ²⁶² (-פֶּה, -פָּה, seem to interchange); site unknown; v. conj. in Buhl, cf. GASm ⁵⁸⁶. † 3. near Hermon, אֶרֶץ הַמּ׳ Jos 11:3, Μασευμαν, Μασσηφα(θ), = בִּקְעַת־מִצְפֶּה v 8, Μασσωχ, Μασσηφα; v. Buhl ²⁴⁰. 4. old sacred place in Benj., Μασσηφα, etc.;—הַמּ׳ Ju 20:1 +, הַמִּצְפָּ֫תָה 1 S 7:5 +;—Ju 20:1, 3; 21:1, 5, 8 1 S 7:5 + 7 times 1 S 7, 10, 1 K 15:22 = 2 Ch 16:6, 2 K 25:23, 25 Je 40:6 + 12 times 40, 41, Ne 3:7, 15, 19; = הַמִּצְפֶּה Jos 18:26;—mod. Nabî Samwîn, 5 miles NW. of Jerusalem, v. Buhl ^{167 f.}.

†II. [צָפָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ]₄₇ vb. lay out, lay over (NH Pi. = BH);—Qal Inf. abs. הַצָּפִית צָפֹה Is 21:5 they lay out the rug! or the like, so most moderns, v. צָפִית. Pi. overlay, plate: Pf. 3 ms. צִפָּה 1 K 6:15 +; 2 ms. וְצִפִּיתָ֫ Ex 25:11 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְצַף 1 K 6:20 +, sf. וַיְצַפֵּהוּ v 20 +; 2 ms. תְּצַפֶּה Ex 26:29; 3 mpl. וַיְצַפּוּ 2 Ch 3:10, etc.;—overlay, especially plate sthg. with metal (gold, bronze), usually 2 acc.: 1 K 6:20⁽⁾ + 6 times 1 K 6, + 10:18, || 2 Ch 3:4, 10; 4:9, 9:17, Ex 25:11, 13 + 24 times Ex 25–38 (all P); overlay, stud with precious stones, 2 acc. 2 Ch 3:6; also plate, acc. mater. om., 1 K 6:15 2 K 18:16 Ex 25:11; 38:28; acc. dir. obj. om. 1 K 6:32, 35; c. acc. + ב mater. v 15 overlaid the floor of the house with timbers. †Pu. Pt. מְצֻפֶּה Pr 26:23 impure silver (Toy) laid over (עַל) a sherd; pl. מְצֻפִּים זָהָב Ex 26:32, pillars over laid with gold.

†צִפּוּי S TWOT GK n.[m.] metal plating;—of idols Is 30:22, capitals Ex 38:17, 19, altar Nu 17:3, 4.

†צָפִית S TWOT GK n.f. rug, carpet (laid out);—הַצָּפִית צָפֹה Is 21:5, so now most, v. especially Che ¹²⁶; > watch, outlook (I. צפה), Ges De al.

†צֶ֫פֶת S TWOT GK n.f. appar. plated capital of pillar 2 Ch 3:15.

צפח TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَفَحَ (ṣafaḥa) ii. make wide, broad; صَفِيحَة (ṣafīḥat) anything broad (stone, plank, sheathing, plating), Syriac ܨܦܺܝܚܬܳܐ (ṣpiḥto) plating; also Ethiopic ሰፍሐ (safḥa) spread out, extend; Sab. (Liḥ.) הצפחת, אצפחת, platform, DHM ^{84, 86}; but (transp.) Arabic صَحْفَةٌ (ṣaḥfatun), wide bowl, cf. Frä⁶³).

†צַפַּ֫חַת S TWOT GK n.f. jar, jug, of flat or broad shape;—abs. צַפּ֑חַתּ 1 K 17:12; cstr. צַפַּחַת 1 S 26:11 +;—jar or jug for water 1 S 26:11, 12, 16 1 K 19:6; for oil 1 K 17:12, 14, 16 (on masc. verb חָסֵר v. Ew ^{317 c}, but prob. read חָסֵ֑רָה SS Albr ^{xvi (1896), 89}, cf. v 14).

†צַפִּיחִת S TWOT GK n.f. flat cake, wafer;—Ex 16:31.

†צוֹפַח S GK n.pr.m. in Asher, 1 Ch 7:35, צוֹפָ֑ח v 36, Σωχαθ, Σωφας[ρ], GL Σουφα.

צְפִי S GK, צְפִיָּה, צִפְיוֹן S GK v. I. צפה.

צָפִית S TWOT GK v. II. צפה.

†צָפַן S TWOT GK vb. hide, treasure up (NH id.; TelAm. ṣapânu; set, of sun);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ Pr 27:16: 2 ms. צָפַנְתָּ Jb 10:13 +, etc.; Impf. יִצְפֹּן Jb 21:19 + Pr 2:7 Qr (Kt וצפן), sf. יִּצְפְּנֵנִי ψ 27:5, etc.; Pt. act. pl. sf. צֹפְנֶיהָ Pr 27:16; pass. צָפוּן Pr. 13:22 +, ψ 17:14 Kt; f. צְפוּנָה Ho 13:12, etc.;— 1. trans. hide, c. acc. pers. Ex 2:2 (E), Jos 2:4 (JE), of hiding a quarrelsome woman, like hiding wind Pr 27:16⁽⁾ (si vera l.; cf. Toy); of י׳’s hiding his servants (from evil) ψ 27:5; 31:21: = treasure up a thing, Pr 10:14, + אִתְּךָ with thyself, in thine own keeping 2:1 = 7:1, in (ב) the heart Jb 10:13 (subj. י׳; of secret purposes), ψ 119:11, cf. Jb 23:12; + ל pers. Pr 13:22 Ct 7:14, subj. י׳ Jb 21:19 reserve penalty; blessings ψ 31:20 Pr 2:7; + מִן Jb 17:4 thou [God] hast treasured up their heart away from understanding, kept it therefrom; pass., of sin Ho 13:12 (abs.; || צָרוּר); read poss. צָפוּן for צָפוּ Jb 15:22 treasured up for (אֱלֵי) the sword (v. I. צפה); צָפוּן = treasured, cherished place (i.e. Jerusalem) Ez 7:22; = treasure ψ 17:14 Qr (Kt צפינך, v. צפין), Jb 20:26 (on dub. text v. Bu); pl. of י׳’s treasured ones, his saints ψ 83:4. 2. intrans. lie hid, lurk, abs. ψ 56:7, c. ל pers. Pr 1:11, 18 and (of eyes of wicked) ψ 10:8. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִצְפַּן Je 16:17 be hidden from before (מִנֶּגֶד) י׳’s eyes (|| נִסְתְּרוּ); 3 pl. נִצְפְּנוּ Jb 24:1 + מִשַּׁדַּי stored up on the part of Shadday; stored up for (ל) one 15:20. Hiph. hide, = Qal: Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּצְפִּנֵנִי Jb 14:13, c. ב loc.; 3 mpl. יצפינו ψ 56:7 Kt (but < Qr v. Qal); Inf. cstr. sf. הַצְּפִינוֹ (Ges ^{20 h}) Ex 2:3 to hide him.

†[צָפִין S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.[m.] treasure;—sf. צְפִינְךָ ψ 17:14 Kt < צְפוּנְךָ Qr, v. צפן pt. pass.

i. צָפוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, ₁₅₃ n.f. Is 43:6 north (as the hidden, dark; cf. Thes Lewy ^{188 f.}; perhaps Ph. צפל north);—abs. צ׳ Je 25:26 +, צָפֹ֫נָה northward Gn 13:14 +, oftener צָפ֫וֹנָה Je 3:12 +, also צָפ֫וֹנָה = צָפוֹן Je 1:13 + (after preps. and st. cstr.; cf. Ges ^{90 e}); cstr. מִצְּפוֹן לְ Jos 8:11 +, also מִצְּפוֹן 19:14 Gi (cf. Benn; van d. H. Baer מִצָּ׳), מִצְּפ֫וֹנָה לְ Ju 21:19; (צ׳ occurs oftenest in Ez [46 times], Jos [25 times], Je [25 times], Dn [9 times]);—north (opp. S., E., W.) Gn 13:14; 28:14 (both J), Ex 27:11 (P), +; פְּאַת צ׳ north side Ex 26:20 Jos 15:5 + (v. פֵּאָה); so צֶלַע צ׳ Ex 26:35, רוּחַ הַצּ׳ Ez 42:17, cf. עַל־יֶרֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחֵ צָפ֫וֹנָה 2 K 16:14; גְּבוּל צ׳ Nu 34:7, 9 north boundary; יַרְכְּתֵי צ׳ remote parts of north Is 14:13 (as divine abode), Ez 38:6, 15 + (v. [יַרְכָה]); שַׁעַר הַצּ׳ Ez 40:35 +, פֶּתַח צ׳ 42:2; רוּחַ צ׳ Pr 25:23 north wind, and so צ׳ alone Ct 4:16; toward the north is צָפ֫וֹנָה Jos 13:3 + (v. also supr.), and אֶל־צָפוֹן Ec 1:6, אֶל־הַצּ׳ Ez 42:1, אֶל־הַצָּפ֫וֹנָה 8:14, לַצָּפוֹן 40:23, דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן v 20, ד׳ צָפ֫וֹנָה 8:5⁽⁾ +, etc.; especially (in Je Ez etc.) of quarter whence invaders were to come, e.g. Assyrian Is 14:31, cf. Zp 2:13, Babylonians Je 6:1, 22; 15:12; 46:20, 24 (עַם־צ׳), 47:2, Ez 26:7, Cyrus against Bab. Is 41:25, cf. Je 50:3, 9, 41; 51:48; more vaguely, Je 1:14, 15 (מַמְלְכוֹת צ׳), 4:6; 10:22; 13:20; 25:9, 26 (מַלְכֵי הַצּ׳); of Gog’s host Ez 38:6, 15; 39:2; נְסִיכֵי צ׳ 32:30 (appar. of nearer [Aramæan?] princes); אֶרֶץ צ׳ Je 31:8 is region of Carchemish, but Zc 2:10; 6:6, 8⁽⁾ of Babylon; מֵאֶרֶץ צ׳ (sometimes + other countries) the exiles and dispersed are to return Je 3:18; 16:15 = 23:8, 31:8, cf. Is 43:6; 49:12; מֶלֶךְ הַצּ׳ Dn 11:6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 40 denotes successive Seleucidae.

†ii. צְפוֹנִי S^, TWOT GK^, adj. from foregoing, northern (so most);—c. art. as n.m. northern one, northerner, invader from north Jo 2:20 (of locust-swarm, cf. We Now Dr, GASm^{Proph. ii. 397}).—i. צְפוֹנִי v. צִפְיוֹן sub I. צפה.

†ii. צָפוֹן S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. on E. bank of Jordan, in tribe of Gad, צ׳ Jos 13:27 (Σαφαν[ων]), צָפ֫וֹנָה Ju 12:1 (Βοῤῥᾶν, GL Σεφηνα); according to Talm. = mod. Amateh, N. of Jabbok, GFM Buhl ²⁵⁹ (who doubts); Ṣapuna appears TelAm. Wkl ¹⁷⁴.

צְפוֹן S GK in בַּעַל צְפוֹן (q.v.), perhaps n.pr. dei, Bae ²² Nö ^{xiii (1988), 472} Gray ¹³⁴.

†צְפַנְיָה(וּ) S GK n.pr.m. Σοφονιας (י׳ hath treasured; OHeb צפניהו, Ph. צפנבעל);— 1. priest, -יָה Je 21:1; 22:25, 29; 52:24 = -יָהוּ 2 K 25:18 (GL Σαφανιας), Je 37:3. Elsewhere -יָה: 2. the prophet Zp 1:1. 3. a Judæan Zc 6:10–14. 4. ancestor of Heman 1 Ch 6:21 (Σαφανιας; = אוּרִיאֵל v 9).

†[מַצְפּוֹן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] hidden treasure, treasure;—sf. מַצְפּוּנָיו Ob 6 his treasures.

†צָֽפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ S GK n.pr.m. (< vocaliz. Ṣapnĕtĕph ˓ōnḫ, i.e. the god speaks and he lives, Egyptian D̲(d)-pnt(r)-ĕf-˓nḫ (D̲ĕ-pnutĕ-ef-˓ōnḫ), v. Steind ^{1889, 41 f.; 1892, 50 ff.}, so Eb^{Smith (2), 1798 b} Brugsch, v. Dr^{. ii. 775 a §}, Crum^{ib. i. 665 b} Griffith^{ib. iii. 819 b}); —Egyptian name given to Joseph Gn 41:45, Ψονθομφανηχ, GL Ψομ´.

I. צפע TWOT^{, ,} (√ of following; meaning dub., perhaps hiss, onomatop., so Thes; NH צִפְעוֹן = BH).

†צֶ֫פַע S TWOT GK n.m. a (poisonous) serpent (from hissing?);—Is 14:29; usually taken as = following.

†צִפְעוֹנִי S TWOT GK n.m. id.;—abs. צ׳ Is 11:8 (|| פָּ֑תֶן), בֵּיצֵי צ׳ 59:5; כְּצִפְעֹנִי Pr 23:32 (sim.; || נָחָשׁ); pl. צִפְעֹנִים Je 8:17 (app. נְחָשִׁים); identif. dub.; Tristr ²⁷⁵ (‘poss.’) daboia xanthina, a venomous viper, but vipers do not lay eggs Furrer ^{2, 1423}; Further proposes ailurophis vivax.

II. צפע TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَفَعَ (ḍafa˓a) cacavit, ضَفْعٌ (ḍaf˓un), Ethiopic ፅፍዕ (ḍəf˓) excrement).

†[צָפִיעַ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] dung of cattle;—pl. cstr. צְפִיעֵי הַבָּקָר Ez 4:15 Qr (opp. גֶּלְלֵי הָאָדָם), so Co Toy al., > Kt צפועי.

III. צפע TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; meaning unknown).

†[צְפִיעָה S TWOT^, GK] n.f. dub.; appar., from context, offshoot;—pl. הַצְּפִיעוֹת Is 22:24 (fig.; || הַצֶּאֱצָאִים).

†[צָפַף S TWOT GK] vb. Pilp. chirp, peep (onomatop.; NH Pilp. id.; J.Aram צַפְצֵף chirp; Arabic صُفْصُفٌ (ṣufṣufun) sparrow, etc.);—Impf. 3 fs. תְּצַפְצֵף Is 29:4, 1 s. אֲצַפְצֵף 38:14; Pt. מְצַפְצֵף 10:14, pl. הַמְצַפְצְפִים 8:19;—chirp, peep: 1. of birds Is 10:14 (fig. or conquered peoples); of mourning, כְּסוּס … אֲצ׳ 38:14 (|| אֶהְגֶּה כַּיּוֹנָה). 2. of spirits, ghosts Is 8:19 ( + הַמַּהְגִּים), מֵעָפָר אִמְרָתֵךְ תְּצ׳ 29:4 (like a spirit’s).

†צַפְצָפָה S TWOT GK n.f. a kind of willow (? onomatop., from rustling; NH id.; Arabic صَفْصَافٌ (ṣafṣāfun));—Ez 17:5.