†I. [צָפַר S TWOT GK] vb.;—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָשֹׁב וְיִצְפֹּר מֵהַר הַגִּלְעָד Ju 7:3 let him return and (Vrss) let him depart, AV depart early (as Ki, from Aramaic צפרא, ܨܰܦܪܳܐ (ṣapro) morning, improb.), wholly uncertain; Gr וְיַעֲבֹר; on difficulty of מֵהַר הַגּ׳ v. גִּלְעָד 2, and GFM, who conj. וַיִּצְרְפֵם גִּדְעֹן and so Gideon put them to the test (cf. v 4), so Bu Now (cf. Dr^{. ii. 176 n}).

II. צפר TWOT^{, , ,} (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic صَفَرَ (ṣafara) peep, twitter, whistle (usually of bird; onomatop.); Assyrian ṣapâru is cry, howl; NH צִפּוֹר = BH, so Ph. צפר, T צִפַּר, Syriac ܨܶܦܰܪ (ṣepar), Mand. ציפאר, ציפרא Nö^{§ 102}; also Arabic عُصْفُورٌ (˓uṣfūrun) sparrow, etc., and (perhaps) Assyrian iṣṣuru, bird).

i. צִפּוֹר S^, TWOT GK^, , צִפֹּר₄₀ n.f. Am 3:5 (m. ψ 102:8, cf. Kö^{§ 252 a}, so 104:17, yet cf. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 71}), bird;—abs. צִפּוֹר Ho 11:11 + 15 times, צִפֹּר Gn 15:10 + 11 times, cstr. צִפּוֹר Dt 4:17 + 5 times, צִפֹּר ψ 8:9; pl. צִפֳּרִים Lv 14:4 + 5 times;— 1. single bird, Am 3:5 Ho 11:11 (sim.; || יוֹנָה), La 3:52 Jb 40:29 ψ 102:8; 124:7 Pr 6:5; 7:23; 26:2; 27:8 (all sim.), Lv 14:5 + 10 times Ps. 84:4; כָּל־צ׳ כָּנָף Dt 4:17, כָּל־צ׳ טְהוֹרָה 14:11 (כל distrib.); קַן־צ׳ 22:6 bird’s nest, קוֹל הַצּ׳ Ec 12:4; pl. Is 31:5 (sim.), Ne 5:18 Lv 14:4 (שְׁתֵּי צִפֳּרִים, in purif.; cf. We ^{2. 171} RS^{. i. 402, 2nd ed. 422}), v 49 (id.), ψ 104:17 Ec 9:12. 2. less often coll., either def. Gn 15:10 (two), or indef. ψ 11:1 (fig.), צִפֹּר שָׁמַיִם 8:9, especially צ׳ (כָּל־)כָּנָף Ez 39:17 ψ 148:10, כֹּל צ׳ כָּל־כָּנָף Gn 7:14 Ez 17:23, also redund. c. עַיִט, עֵיט צ׳ כָּל־כָּנָף Ez 39:4 birds of prey of all kinds.

†ii. צִפּוֹר S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. father of Balak, king of Moab (bird; perhaps specif. sparrow, cf. Gray ⁹⁴; Palm. n.pr.m. צפרא);—צ׳ Nu 22:2, 4, 16 Jos 24:9 Ju 11:25, צִפֹּר Nu 22:10; 23:18; Σεπφωρ.

†צִפֹּרָה S GK n.pr.f. wife of Moses (bird);—Ex 2:21; 4:25; 18:2; Σεπφωρα (cf. Lag ^{90 Anm.}).

III. צפר TWOT^{, , ,} (√ of following; cf. Arabic ضَفَرَ (ḍafara) plait, braid, Ethiopic ፀፈረ (ḍafara) id.; NH צְפִירָה = rim of basket).

†צְפִירָה S TWOT GK n.f. plait, chaplet;—abs. צ׳ Ez 7:7, צְפִרָה v 10; cstr. צְפִירַת Is 28:5;—chaplet, coronet, diadem, צ׳ תִּפְאָרַה Is 28:5 (fig. of י׳; || עֲטֶרֶת צְבִי).—צ׳ Ez 7:7, 10 is dub.; AV morning (as Ki, from Aramaic) is unsuitable; most (after AW دَوْرٌ (dawrun)) doom, fate (as coming round upon one, cf. RV Da Toy), but v. Dr^{. ii. 176 n.}; diadem is possible v 10 (|| הַמַּטֶּה; of royal house of Judah Co Berthol; or of Jerus. Krae), but not v 7; conj. in Co Berthol Krae.

IV. צפר TWOT^{, , ,} (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; NH = BH; so Arabic ظُفُرٌ, ظُفْرٌ (ẓufurun, ẓufrun), Ethiopic ጽፍር (ṣəfr), Assyrian ṣupru; Aramaic טְפַר, מוּפְרָא, ܛܶܦܪܳܐ (ṭepro), all nail).

†צִפֹּ֫רֶן S TWOT GK n.[m.] nail (of finger), styluspoint;—cstr. צ׳ Je 17:1; pl. sf. צִפָּרְנֶיהָ Dt 21:12;— 1. 2 Dt 21:12 (cf. RS ^178;RS^{. i. 407, 2nd ed. 428} We ^{2. 171}). 2. transf., בְּצ׳ שָׁמִיר Je 17:1 with a point of diamond (cf. Plin ^{37, 4}).

V. צפר TWOT^{, , ,} (√ of foll.; cf. Aramaic צְפִירָא, ܨܺܦܪܳܝܳܐ (ṣiproyo) = צָפִיר; perhaps cp. Arabic ضَفَرَ (ḍafara) leap (but ܨ (ṣ) = ض (ḍ)?)).

†צָפִיר S TWOT GK n.m. he-goat (late);—abs. צ׳ Dn 8:5, 21; cstr. צְפִיר הָעִזִּים v 5, 8 (all in vision, symbol. of Alex.); pl. cstr. (lit.) צְפִירֵי עִזִּים 2 Ch 29:21, צְפִירֵי חַטָּאת Ezr 8:35 4.

†צֹפַר and (Jb 2:11) צוֹפַר S GK n.pr.m. Job’s third friend, צ׳ הַנַּעֲמָתִי Jb 2:11; 11:1; 20:1; 42:9; Σωφαρ.

†צְפַרְדֵּעַ S TWOT GK n.f. Ex 8:2 (cf. also Albr ^{xv (1895), 322} Ges^{§ 135 o, 145 o}) frogs (Arabic ضِفْدِعٌ (ḍifdi˓un), etc.; Aramaic עוּרְדְּעָנַיָּא, אוּרְדְּעָא, ܐܽܘܪܕܥܳܐ (˒urd˓o));—frogs, coll. Ex 8:2 ψ 78:45; pl. צְפַרְדְּעִים Ex 7:27, 28, 29; 8:1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 ψ 105:30.

צֶ֫פֶת S TWOT GK v. II. צפה.

†צְפַ֑ת S GK n.pr.loc. Σεφεκ[ρ]: Canaanite city Ju 1:17 = חָרְמָה q.v.; identif. by many (v. especially Palmer ^{Desert of Exod. 374 ff.}) with Sebaita (c. Lat. 30° 54ˊ N., Long. 34° 40ˊ E.), by Rob ^{ii. 181} with pass eṣ-Ṣŭfâh, further E.; against both v. GFM

†צְפַ֫תָה S GK n.pr.loc. in Judah (van d. H. צְפָתָה, so Kit); בְּגֵיא צ׳ לְמָרֵשָׁה 2 Ch 14:9; G κατὰ Βορρᾶν, whence Hi al. proposes צָפֹנָה, so Buhl^Lex.

צִצִּים v. i. צִיץ sub I. צוץ.

צָקוּן Is 26:16 v. II. צוק.

†צִֽקְלַג S GK and (1 Ch 12:1, 21 צִיק׳) n.pr.loc. (צִֽקְלָ֑ג 1 S 27:6 a +, צִֽקְלָג֖ 2 S 2:1, צִיקְלָ֔ג 1 Ch 12:1);—assigned to Judah Jos 15:31, to Simeon 19:5; Philistine city given to David 1 S 27:6⁽⁾; 30:1⁽⁾, 14, 26 2 S 1:1; 4:10 1 Ch 4:30; 12:1, 21 (van d. H. v 20); Σεκελακ, Σικελαγ, etc.; usually identified with Zuheilikah, 19 miles SW. from Bêt Jibrin, 11 miles ESE. from Gaza (cf. Buhl ¹⁸⁵).

†[צִקָּלֹן S TWOT GK] n.[m.] doubtful word;—sf. כַּרְמֶל בְּצִקְלֹנוֹ 2 K 4:42 S T garment; G om., but A Βακελλεθ, Armenian bakelaƟ, whence Lag ^{§ 333, M. i. 212} reads (plausibly) בִּקְלַעְתּוֹ in his wallet, Arabic قَلَعَةٌ, قَلْعَةٌ (qala˓atun, qal˓atun), and so B pera.

i, ii, iii, iv. צַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} , ii. צֹר S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} v. I, II, III. צרר.

†צֵר S GK n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, Jos 19:35; Τυρος.

†i. צֹר S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} , צוֹר S TWOT GK n.pr.loc. Τυρος: Tyre, famous Phoenician city (Ph. צר; Assyrian Ṣurru, so TelAm.; Egyptian Ḏa-(ï̥)rạ, Ḏa-ru̥ WMM ¹⁸⁵);—צֹר 2 S 24:7 + 32 times, צוֹר 1 K 5:15 + 8 times (Gi);—city of Hiram, friend of David and Sol. 2 S 5:11 1 K 5:15; 9:11, 12 1 Ch 14:1 2 Ch 2:2, 10; of artif. Hiram 1 K 7:13; בַּת־צֹר ψ 45:13 of city personif. (another view in Che); צ׳ also in name of Ph. fortress, מִבְצַר־צ׳ 2 S 24:7, עִיר מ׳ צ׳ Jos 19:29 (P); threatened by proph. Am 1:9, 10 and (with especially ref. to commercial greatness) Is 23:1 (מַשָּׂא צֹר), v 5, 8, 15⁽⁾, 17 Je 25:22 (מַלְכֵי־צֹר), 27:3 (מֶלֶךְ צֹר), 47:4 Ez 26:2, 3, 4, 7, 15; 27:2, 3⁽⁾, 8, 32, 28:2 (נְגִיד צֹר), v 12 (מֶלֶךְ צוֹר); besieged by Nebuch. 29:18, 18; cf. Zc 9:2, 3 Jo 4:4 ψ 83:8 (ישְׁבֵי צ׳); of Tyrians as proselytes ψ 87:4 (predict.);—לְצוֹר Ho 9:13 is prob. corrupt, read לָצוּד or לָצַיִד G We GASm, cf. Now—צ׳ often + צִידוֹן q.v.;—see, on Tyre, Pietschm ^{60 ff.} Rob ^{ii. 461 ff.} de Luynes^{Voyage à la Mer Morte (1874) i. 28 ff., and xiii–xviii} Bd^{. 3 (1898), 307 ff.}—ii. צֹר (flint, knife) v. III. צרר.

†צֹרִי S GK adj.gent. Tyrian;—אִישׁ צ׳ 1 K 7:14 = 2 Ch 2:13; pl. as subst. הַצֹּרִים the Tyrians 1 Ch 22:4 Ezr 3:7 (both + הַצִּידֹנִים), Ne 13:16.

†[צָרַב S TWOT GK] vb. burn, scorch (Assyrian ṣarâbu, burn; Frä ^{iii. 52} BA ³² cp. Arabic ضَرِمَ (ḍarima) be kindled, blaze; cf. also זרב);—Niph. Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנִצְרְבוּ Ez 21:3 all faces shall be scorched.

†[צָרָב S TWOT GK] adj. burning, scorching (= צַדָּב Thes al.);—כְּאֵשׁ צָרָ֑בֶת Pr 16:27 (sim. of words).

†צָרֶ֫בֶת S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. scab, scar, of a sore (lit. a burning, scorching);—cstr. צָרֶבֶת הַשְּׁחִין הִוא Lv 13:23; צ׳ הַמִּכְוָה הִוא v 28.

†צְרֵדָה S GK n.pr.loc. home of Jerob. 1 K 11:26, Σαρειρα, A Σαριδα; v. [צְרֵרָה] צָֽרְתָן.

צְרֵדָתָה 2 Ch 4:17 v. צָֽרְתָן.

i, ii. צָרָה S TWOT^, GK^, v. I, II. צרר.

צרה TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَرَا (و, ى) (ḍarā (w, y)) of vein, run blood, bleed, ضَرْوٌ (ḍarwun) an odorif. tree, or its gum, cf. Hom^{. i. 4}, Sab. צֿרו SabDenkm ⁸³; (Syriac ܨܰܪܘܳܐ (ṣarwo) fructus pini, etc. is loan-word); NH = BH; as to form cp. Gk. στύραξ (hardly || in meaning, Lag^{. i. 234, 384}, v. Ency. Bib. infr.), cf. Lewy ⁴¹).

†צֳרִי S TWOT GK, (Gn 37:25) (וּ)צְרִי, צֹ֑רִי S GK Ez 27:17 n.[m.] a kind of balsam, as merchandise Gn 37:25 (J), gift Gn 43:11 (J), medicament Je 8:22 46:11; 51:8 (for national disaster, in fig.);—Th Dyer-M’Lean in Ency. Bib.^Balm think a resin, like (not necess. = ) gum of mastic-tree, pistacia lentiscus (otherwise Post^Hastings ).

†צְרִי S GK n.pr.m. a musician, 1 Ch 25:3 (Σ)ουρ(ε)ι, = יִצְרִי (q.v.) v 11 (Ιεσδρει, GL Ασειρηλα).

†צְרוּיָה S GK n.pr.f. Σαρουια: mother of Abishai, Joab and Asahel;—צ׳ 1 S 26:6 +, צְרֻיָה 2 S 14:1; 16:10; 23:37;—according to 1 Ch 2:16 a she was David’s sister; called אֵם יוֹאָב 2 S 17:25; elsewhere after cstr. בֶּן־ (בְּנֵי): בֶּן־צ׳ of Abishai 1 S 26:6 2 S 16:9; 18:2; 19:22; 21:17 1 Ch 18:12; of Joab 2 S 2:13; 8:16 = 1 Ch 18:15, 2 S 14:1; 23:18 and v 37 = 1 Ch 11:39, 1 K 1:7; 2:5, 22 1 Ch 11:6; 26:28; 27:24; pl. of all three 2 S 2:18 1 Ch 2:16; Abishai and Joab 2 S 3:39; 16:10; 19:23.

†I. צָרַח S TWOT GK vb. cry, roar (NH id., cry (of raven); Assyrian ṣarâḫu, cry aloud, Arabic صَرَخَ (ṣaraḫa), Ethiopic ጸርኀ (ṣarḫa) T צְרַח Aph. (of bear), Syriac ܨܪܰܚ (ṣraḥ) especially Aph. and deriv.);—Qal Pt. act.מַר צֹרֵחַ שָׁם גִּבּוֹר Zp 1:14 bitterly roareth there a hero, but abrupt in context and improb.; Gr (in part after G) conj. קוֹל י׳ יִצְרַח כַּגִּבּוֹר (cf. Hiph.). Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַצְרִיחַ Is 42:13 utter a roar (of י׳, going to battle; || יָרִיעַ).

II. צרח TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ضَرَحَ (ḍaraḥa) a ضَرِيح (ḍarīḥ), also cleave the ground, rend open; ضَرِيح (ḍarīḥ) sepulchral chamber (with niches for bodies); Nab. צריחה (cf. Nö in Eut ⁵⁵ Dr ⁷⁶)).

†צְרִיחַ S TWOT GK n.[m.] perhaps excavation, underground chamber;—צ׳ abs. Ju 9:49, cstr. v 46; pl. צְרִחִים 1 S 13:6;—used as hiding-places 1 S 13:6 ( + מְעָרוֹת, חֲוָחִים, סְלָעִים, בֹּרוֹת); as refuge Ju 9:46 (where connected with shrine), v 49 (Vrss stronghold; on uncertainty of meaning v. GFM).

צֹרִי S GK v. i. צֹר.

צֳרִי S TWOT GK, צְרִי S GK, צְרֻיָה v. צרה.

צרך TWOT (√ of foll.; NH צָרַךְ have need of; Arabic ضَرَكَ (ḍaraka) be needy, so Aramaic צְרַךְ, ܨܪܰܟ (ṣrak) (צ, ܨ (ṣ) = ض (ḍ)!); Chr. Pal. ܨܘ݂ܪܟܐ (ṣwrk˒) χρεία).

†[צֹ֫רֶךְ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] need (Aramaic);—sf. כְּכָל־צָרְכֶּ֑ךָ 2 Ch 2:15 according to all thy need, cf. Ecclus 8:9 + often.

צרע (√ of foll.; cf. perhaps Arabic صَرَعَ (ṣara˓a) throw down, prostrate; Sab. צֿרע humble oneself, DHM ^{6, 1.8} Mordtm ⁷¹; vbs. denom. in NH T).

צָרַ֫עַת S TWOT GK₃₅ n.f. leprosy;—abs. צ׳ Dt 24:8 +, צָרָ֑עַת Lv 13:2 +; cstr. צָרַ֫עַת 2 K 5:27 +; sf. צָרַעְתּוֹ 2 K 5:3, 6, 7;—leprosy 2 K 5:3, 6, 7, 27 2 Ch 26:19; elsewhere only in laws: נֶגַע צ׳ Dt 24:8, and Lv 13, 14 (P; 29 times): תּוֹרַת הַצּ׳ 14:57; specif. of a. human disease (as above) נֶגַע צ׳ Lv 13:2 + 8 times; without נ׳ 13:8 + 10 times b. leprosy in a garment 13:47, 49, 51, 52, 59 (תּוֹרַת נֶגַע צ׳ בֶּגֶד). c. in house 14:34 (נֶגַע צ׳), v 44; house or garment v 55.—Exact meaning of b. and c. dub., perhaps some fungus or mould; v. especially Di Dr-Wh Baen.

†[צָרַע S TWOT GK] vb.denom., only in pass., be struck with leprosy, leprous;—Qal Pt. pass. אִישׁ צָרוּעַ Lv 13:44; elsewhere as subst., = leper, v 45 14:3 Nu 5:2 (all P), Lv 22:4 (H). Pu. Pt. מְצֹרָע 2 S 3:29 +, מְצוֹרָע 2 Ch 26:20; pl. מְצֹרָעִים 2 K 7:3, 8; f. מְצֹרַ֫עַת Ex 4:6 +, מְצֹרָ֑עַת Nu 12:10;—leprous, of hand Ex 4:6 (J), of pers. Nu 12:10⁽⁾ (E), 2 K 5:27 2 Ch 26:20; אֲנָשִׁים מְצֹרָעִים 2 K 7:3; as subst. = leper 2 S 3:29 2 K 5:1, 11; 7:8; 15:5 = 2 Ch 26:21a, 2 Ch 26:21 b, 23; תּוֹרַת הַמְּצֹרָע Lv 14:2.

†צִרְעָה S TWOT GK n.f.coll. hornets (? as wounding, prostrating; NH = BH);—allies of Isr.;—הַצּ׳ Ex 23:28 Jos 24:12 (both E), Dt 7:20.

†צְרוּעָה S GK n.f. mother of Jeroboam 1 K 11:26, G^A Σαρουα.

†צָרְעָה S GK n.pr.loc. Σαραα, etc. (cf. also Lag ⁸⁵), in the Shephelah of Judah (TelAm. Ṣarḫa, named with Aialuna, Ajalon);—Jos 15:33, but assigned to Jos 19:41; Ju 13:2, 25; 16:31; 18:2, 8, 11 2 Ch 11:10 Ne 11:29; mod. Ṣar˓a, 15 miles W. from Jerus., cf. GASm ²¹⁸ Buhl ¹⁹⁵.

†צָרְעִי S GK v. foll.

†צָרְעָתִי S GK adj.gent. c. art. as n. coll. הַצּ׳ 1 Ch 2:53; 4:2 = הַצָּרְעִי 2:54.

†צָרַף S TWOT GK vb. smelt, refine, test (NH id.; Ph. מצרף smelter: Assyrian ṣurrupu, refined, ṣarpu, silver, naṣraptu, crucible; Arabic صِرْفٌ (ṣirfun) is pure, unmixed (especially of wine); cf. صَرِيف (ṣarīf) pure silver, etc., Schulth^{, 1902, 673}; also Zim^{, 1899, 250;} KAT ⁶⁵⁰ (Heb., etc., borrowed from Assyrian).very doubtful is Sab. צדף silver, money, cf. Mordtm ^{pp. 14, 29} CIS ^{iv, 291, l. 1});—Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ Je 6:29, sf. צְרָפָ֑תְהוּ ψ 105:19; 2 ms. sf. צְרַפְתָּנִי ψ 17:3, etc.; Impf. 1 s. אֶצְרֹף Is 1:25, sf. אֶצְרְפֶנּוּ Ju 7:4; Imv. ms. צרופה ψ 26:2 Kt, צָרְפָה Qr; Inf. abs. צָרוֹף Je 6:29; cstr. לִצְרוֹף Dn 11:35, etc.; Pt. act. sf. צוֹרְפָם Je 9:6, etc.; pass. צָרוּף ψ 12:7, etc.;— 1. smelt, refine: Je 6:29⁽⁾ in vain hath he smelted continually (inf. abs.; fig. of purifying people); so smelt away Is 1:25 (acc. of dross; fig.); of silver Zc 13:9 ψ 66:10, כֶּסֶף צָרוּף בַּעֲלִיל 12:7 (all sim.); of אִמְרַת י׳ ψ 18:31 = 2 S 22:31, ψ 119:140 Pr 30:5 (אִמְרַת אֱלוֹהַּ); refine (men, by trials) Dn 11:35 ( + לְבָרֵר, לַלְבֵּן). 2. test Ju 7:4 I will test them (the warriors) for thee (י׳ subj.);—perhaps also v 3 (v. I. צפר); more gen., of י׳’s testing, trying (the hearts of) men (often || בָּחַן) Je 9:6 Is 48:10 Zc 13:9 ψ 17:3; 26:2; 66:10. 3. test (& prove true) a man (subj. י׳’s saying) ψ 105:19. 4. Pt. act. as n. smelter, refiner, hence = goldsmith Ju 17:4 Je 10:9, 14; 51:17 Is 40:19⁽⁾ (but perhaps del. v^b, cf. Du Che Marti), 41:7; 46:6 Pr 25:4; as a guild Ne 3:8, 32. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. יִצָּֽרְפוּ Dn 12:10 many shall be refined (by suffering; + יִתְבָּֽרְרוּ, יִתְלַבְּנוּ). Pi. Pt. מְצָרֵף as n. a refiner, כְּאֵשׁ מ׳ Mal 3:2 (sim. of י׳), cf. מְ׳ alone v 3 ( + מְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף).

†צֹרְפִי S TWOT GK n.[m.] coll. goldsmiths;—only בֶּן־הַצּ׳ Ne 3:31 i.e. belonging to the goldsmiths, a member of their guild.

†צָֽרְפַת S GK n.pr.loc. Σαρεπτα: on coast S. of Sidon (? smelting-place; on strange form cf. Lag ⁸⁴; Assyrian Ṣariptu Dl ²⁸⁴ COT 1 K 17, 9; Egyptian Ḏa-ï̥ra-pu-ti̥ WMM ¹⁸⁴);—צ׳ Ob 20; צָֽרְפָ֫תָה 1 K 17:9, 10 (so Gi; -פַ֫תָה van d. H. Baer); mod. Ṣarfend Rob ^{ii. 474 ff.} Pietschm ^{58 f.}.

†מַצְרֵף S TWOT GK n.[m.] crucible (proposes place or instrument of refining); מ׳ לַכֶּסֶף וְכוּר לַזָּהָב Pr 17:3; 27:21.

I. צָרַר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, ,} vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (NH id.; Arabic صَرَّ (ṣarra) bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ (ṣar));—A. trans.: Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָרַר Ho 4:19 Pr 30:4; Imv. צוֹר Is 8:16; Inf. cstr. צְרוֹר Pr 26:8 (?); Pt. act. צֹרֵר Jb 26:8; pass. צָרוּר Ho 13:12, f. צְרוּרָה 1 S 25:29; fpl. צְרֻרֹת Ex 12:34 2 S 20:3;—bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Ex 12:34 (E); fig. of a life preserved by י׳, נֶפֶשׁ צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים 1 S 25:29; of preserving prophetic teaching Is 8:16; of retention of guilt Ho 13:12; of י׳’s binding waters in (a garment of) cloud Pr 30:4 Jb 26:8; = shut up 2 S 20:3;—צָרַר רוּחַ אֹתָהּ בִּכְנָפֶיהָ Ho 4:19 (si vera l.) pregn., the wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, to carry her off; כִּצְרוֹר אֶבֶן Pr 26:8 like the tying up of a stone, but unintellig. in context (v. Toy). Pu. Pt. pl. מְצֹרָרִים Jos 9:4 tied up (mended by tying), of old wine-skins. B. intrans.: Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָ֫רָה Is 28:20; Impf. 3 ms. יֵצַר Pr 4:12, יֵ֫צֶר לוֹ Jb 20:22, וַיֵּ֫צֶר Gn 32:8 +, 2 fs. תֵּצְרִי Is 49:19;—be scant, cramped; of scanty bed-covering Is 28:20 (in fig.); of land too small for (מִן) its people Is 49:19 + Jos 19:47 (for וַיֵּצֵא) Dr^{Expos. Jan. 1887, 59} Benn, cf. G; of steps = be cramped, or impeded, Pr 4:12 Jb 18:7 (both in fig.); especially impers. c. ל pers., וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ Gn 32:8 and it was narrow for him = he was in straits, distress, so Ju 2:15 2 S 13:2 Jb 20:22, also 3 fs. וַתֵּ֫צֶר לְ Ju 10:9 1 S 30:6 (v. Dr). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְהֵצַר Dt 28:52, 52 consec.; 1 s. וַהֲצֵרֹתִי Je 10:18 Zp 1:17; Impf. 3 ms. יָצַר־לוֹ 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, וַיָּ֫צַר 2 Ch 28:20; 3 mpl. וַיָּצֵרוּ Ne 9:27; Inf. cstr. הָצֵר 2 Ch 28:22; 33:12;—make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to, c. ל pers., Je 10:18 (subj. י׳), Zp 1:17 (subj. id.); Dt 28:52⁽⁾ 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28, Ne 9:27 (all subj. foe), 2 Ch 28:20 (subj. TP); Indef. subj. 2 Ch 28:22 (but read כִּי אִם לִצָרָה לוֹ, and join to v 21, opp. לְעֶזְרָה לוֹ, G Kit Buhl^Lex), 33:12.

†i. צַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} adj. narrow, tight;—abs. צ׳ 2 K 6:1 +; צָ֑ר Nu 22:26 +; f. צָרָה Pr 23:27;—narrow, מָקוֹם צָ֑ר Nu 22:26, צַר מִמֶּנּוּ 2 K 6:1 too narrow for us, cf. צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם Is 49:20 (of land of Judah after exile); בְּאֵר צָרָה Pr 23:27 (fig. of harlot; i.e. rescue difficult; || שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה); כַּנָּהָר צָר Is 59:19 like a contracted (and hence swift, powerful) river (sim. of י׳; Klo נְהַר מָצוֹר, Che נ׳ מִצֹּר, both ‘of Egypt’); סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָ֑ר Jb 41:7 (of scaly back of crocodile), usually closely joined (as) with tight seal (G Me Bi Hoffm Bu Du חוֹתַם צֹד with seal of flint, but why specify material?); בְּיוֹם צָרָה צַר כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10 thy strength will be narrow, limited (si vera l., cf. Toy).

†ii. צַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. צ׳ Jb 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Ho 5:15 +, צָ֑ר ψ 4:2 +;—straits, distress Is 5:30 Jb 15:24 ψ 32:7; 60:13 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Jb 38:23, cf. בַּצַּר Is 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר ψ 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Jb 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Is 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Is 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Qr), but G οὐ πρέσβυς, Du Che al. לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; cf. Jb 36:16, 19. Instead of sf. directly appended, ל sf. is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress ψ 18:7 = 2 S 22:7, ψ 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי 59:17; 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Dt 4:30 (prob. orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Dr; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Is 25:4 2 Ch 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Ho 5:15 ψ 107:6, 13, 19, 28, also (after רָאָה) 106:44—צַר 1 S 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר v. II. צָרַר.

i. צָרָה S TWOT^, GK^, ₇₂ n.f. id.;—abs. צ׳ 1 S 26:24 +, צָרָ֫תָה ψ 120:1 (Ges ^{90 g}); cstr. צָרַת Gn 42:21; sf. צָרָתִי 35:3 +, צָרַתְכֶם Ju 10:14, etc.; pl. צָרוֹת abs. Is 65:16 +; sf. צָרֹתֵיכֶם 1 S 10:19, etc.;—straits, distress, Gn 42:21 (E), 1 S 26:24 2 S 4:9 1 K 1:29 Is 8:22 Jb 5:19; 27:9; especially ψψ (24 times), e.g. 22:12; 25:17 (v. רחב), v 22 31:8; 34:17, 18; specif. of travail, צָרָה וַחֲבָלִים Je 49:24 (sim.), cf. 4:31 (Gie צְוָחָה, after G); צָרַת נַפְשׁוֹ Gn 42:21 (E); בְּיוֹם צָרָתִי 35:3 (E), ψ 77:3; 86:7, cf. 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3, ψ 20:2; 50:15 Pr 24:10; 25:19 Je 16:19 Ob 12, 14 Na 1:7 Hb 3:16, יוֹם צ׳ וּמְצוּקָה Zp 1:15; בְּעֵת־צָרַתְכֶם Ju 10:14, cf. Ne 9:27 ψ 37:39 Is 33:2 Je 14:8; 15:11; 30:7 Dn 12:1; also בַּצָּרָה ψ 81:8, בְּצָרָה 91:15 Ne 9:37, בְּצָרוֹת ψ 46:2, etc.; רָעוֹת וְצָרוֹת Dt 31:17, 21 cf. 1 S 10:19 ψ 71:20, צָרָה וְצוּקָה Pr 1:27, אֶרֶץ צ׳ וְצ׳ Is 30:6; c. ל (poet.), בַּצָּרָ֫תָה לִי ψ 120:1 in my distress, מִצָּרָה לִי Jon 2:3.—צָרָה Zc 10:11, read מִצְרַיִם [or מָצוֹר] We Now GASm; צֹ֫רָה Klo^{, 1879, 566} Sta ^{i (1881), 22}; ψ 9:10; 10:1 v. בַּצָּרָה.

ii. †[צָרַר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. denom. Hiph. suffer distress (specif. of travail, cf. Je 4:31; 49:24);—Pt. לֵב אִשָּׁה מְצֵרָה (in sim.) Je 48:41; 49:22.

†i. צְרוֹר S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Hg 1:6 bundle, parcel, pouch, bag (proposes a binding, i.e. sthg. bound up);—צ׳ abs. Am 9:9 +, cstr. Gn 42:35 +; pl. cstr. צְרֹרוֹת v 35;—bundle or pouch (purse) of money 42:35⁽⁾ (E), Pr 7:20; צ׳ הַמֹּר Ct 1:13 (fig. of lover); צְרוּרָה בִּצ׳ הַחַיִּים 1 S 25:29 (fig.; v. I. צרר); חָתֻם בִּצ׳ פִּשְׁעִי Jb 14:17 (i.e. hidden, forgotten Hi Bu al.; > al. treasured up), צ׳ נָקוּב Hg 1:6 (v. I. נקב).

†מֵצַר S TWOT GK n.[m.] straits, distress;—abs. מִן־הַמֵּצַר קָרָאתִי ψ 118:5; pl. הַמְּצָרִים La 1:3 the distresses, of conquered Judah; cstr. מְצָרֵי שְׁאוֹל ψ 116:3 the straits of Sheol, i.e. the worst possible (|| חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת).

†III. צָרַר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, ,} vb. shew hostility toward, vex (NH צַר foe; Arabic ضَرَّ (ḍarra) harm, damage, Sab. צֿר war, foe Mordtm ^{60. 71} SabDenkm ²⁴ CIS ^{iv. 174, 1. 6} Hom ¹²⁵; Ethiopic ፀረረ (ḍarara) be hostile, in der. spec. and deriv.; Assyrian ṣarâru, be hostile, ṣarru, foe; Arabic ضَرَّةٌ (ḍarratun), Assyrian ṣirritu, Syriac ܥܰܪܬܳܐ (˓arto), all = rival wife, so (? Heb. infl.) T צָרָא 1 S 1:6; v. especially Lag ^{Deceased Wife’s Sister, , 1882, 13; Mi. 125 ff.} Dr 1 S 1:6);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וְצָֽרֲרוּ Nu 33:55 consec., sf. צְרָרוּנִי ψ 129:1, 2; Impf. 3 ms. יָצֹר Is 11:13; Inf. abs. צָרוֹר Nu 25:17; Pt. act. צֹרֵר 10:9, pl. sf. צֹרֲרַי ψ 31:12 +, etc.;—shew hostility toward, treat with enmity, vex, harass, c. acc. pers. Is 11:13 Nu 10:9; 25:17; once c. ל pers. v 18; also pt. as subst. (cstr. or c. sf.) vexer, harasser, Am 5:12 Is 11:13 Ex 23:22 (E), ψ 6:8; 7:5, 7; 8:3; 10:5; 23:5; 31:12; 42:11; 69:20; 74:4, 23; 143:12 Est 3:10; 8:1; 9:10, 24.—Lv 18:18 v. [צָרַר] sub ii. צָרָה, infr.

iii. צַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} ₆₈ n.m. Nu 10:9 adversary, foe;—abs. צַר Am 3:11 +, even c. art. הַצַּר Nu 10:9, but also הַצָּר Est 7:4; צָ֑ר Zc 8:10 +; pl. צָרִים La 1:7; cstr. צָרֵי Ezr 4:1 + Is 9:10 (but read prob. צָרוֹ or צָרָיו, cf. Di-Kit Che; al. שָׂרֵי), Je 48:5 (del. G Hi Gie), Ez 30:16 (but G Sm וְנָפֹצוּ, so Berthol; Co וְנִפְרְצוּ, so Toy; Krae יָעוּף); sf. צָרַי ψ 3:2, צָרֵיהֶם Ez 39:23, צָרֵימוֹ Dt 32:27, etc.;—adversary, foe, Am 3:11 Gn 14:20 Nu 10:9 (P), 24:8 (JE) Dt 32:27; 33:7 Jos 5:13 (JE), 2 S 24:13 Is 9:10 (v. supr.), Zc 8:10 Ezr 4:1 Ne 4:5 Est 7:6 (אִישׁ צַר וְאוֹיֵב), + 21 times, + ψ 3:2; 13:5; 27:2; 78:42, + 13 times ψψ, + (of י׳’s foes) 78:66; 97:3; + (of י׳’s foes) also Is 1:24; 26:11; 59:18; 64:1 Je 46:10 Na 1:2 Dt 32:41, 43 Jb 19:11.—Je 48:5 Ez 30:16 v. supr.

†ii. [צָרָה S TWOT^, GK^, ] n.f. vexer, rival-wife (v. reff. sub √; also Ecclus 37:11);—sf. צָרָתָהּ 1 S 1:6.

iv. †[צָרַר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, , , ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. denom. make a rival-wife;—Qal Inf. cstr. לִצְרֹר Lv 18:18 to make [her] 4 (Lag^{, 1882, 406} Dr-Wh Lv Baen Lv).

V. צרר TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ظَرَّ (ẓarra) be sharp (? denom.), ظِرٌّ, ظُرَرٌ (ẓirrun, ẓurarun) 2, Assyrian ṣurtu, appar. knife RJ Harper ^{ii. 435}; Syriac ܛܰܪܳܢܳܐ (ṭarono) rock, stone, flint).

†iv. צַר S TWOT^{, , ,} GK^{, , ,} n.[m.] hard pebble, flint;—כַּצַּר Is 5:28 (sim. of horses; hoofs; read perhaps צֹר).

†ii. צֹר S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.[m.] id.;—צ׳ used as knife Ex 4:25; in comp., כְּשָׁמִיר חָזָק מִצּ׳ Ez 3:9; pl. חַרְבוֹת צֻרִים Jos 5:2, 3 knives of flint.—צוּר חַרְבּוֹ ψ 89:44 is dub., צ׳ usually taken as = צֹר, and then either flint of his sword (i.e. sword sharp as flint, Bae), or edge (like flint) of his sword (most); We leaves untransl. 2 S 2:16 חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים v. i. חֶלְקָה 2 S 2:16.—Jb 22:24 v. i. צוּר sub v. צור. i. צֹר v. p. 862.

†ii. צְרוֹר S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. pebble;—צ׳ 2 S 17:13; also Am 9:9 (where perhaps fig. for grain of wheat, in metaph. of winnowed Isr., cf. Dr Now al.; > pebble retained in sieve Preuschen ^{xv (1895), 24}, cf. on custom Wetzst ^{xiv (1891), 2 f.}).

†iii. צְרוֹר S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. grandfather of Ḳish 1 S 9:1, Αρεδ, GL Σαρα.

†[צְרֵרָה S GK] n.pr.loc. צְרֵרָ֫תָה Ju 7:22 (Γαραγαθα, GL καὶ ἦν συνηγμένη), usually thought corrupt for צְרֵדָ֫תָה, and in any case prob. = צָֽרְתָן, q.v. (GFM).

†צֶ֫רֶת S GK n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:7, Αρεθ, A Σαρεθ, GL Σαρηθ.

†צֶרֶת הַשַּׁ֫חַר n.pr.loc. assigned to Reuben Jos 13:19, Σεραδα και Σειων, GL Σαρθ; cf. mod. eṣ-Sara, on spur of Mt. ˓Aṭṭârûs, E. of Dead Sea Buhl ²⁶⁸.

†צָֽרְתָן S GK n.pr.loc. in Jordan valley, near ford, Buhl ¹⁸¹; exact site unknown; Jos 3:16 Καθιαιρειν, GL Καριαθιαρειμ), 1 K 7:46 (Σειρα, GL Σαρθαν) = צְרֵדָ֫תָה 2 Ch 4:17 (Αναμε [i.e. ἀνὰ μέσον] σιρδαθαι; Σα(ρι)δαθα; is Chr right?); צָֽרְתַ֫נָה 1 K 4:12 (Σεσαθαν, GL Σαρθαν)—cf. צְרֵרָתָה Ju 7:22, appar. same place; identity with צְרֵדָה 1 K 11:26 is usually assumed, but not proven.