I. שׂער TWOT^, (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic شَعِرَ (ša˓ira) be hairy, شَعْرٌ, شَعَرٌ (ša˓run, ša˓arun), hair, so NH = BH, Ethiopic ሥዔርት (šə˓ert) Aramaic סַעְרָא or (שׂ׳), ܣܰܥܪܳܐ, ܣܥܰܪܬܳܐ (sa˓ro, s˓arto); Assyrian šârtu, hairy skin; on Gk. deriv. v. Lewy ⁸⁶, Egyptian v. Bondi⁶⁴ WMM⁹⁹).

שֵׂעָר S TWOT GK₂₇ n.m.Lv 13:3 hair;—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 25:25 +, cstr. שְׂעַר Ju 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Is 7:20 (Ges ^{93 hh} Kö^{. 1. 78}); sf. שְׂעָרֵךְ Ez 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵךְ Ct 4:1, 6:5 (Kö); שְׂעָרוֹ Lv 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v 20, שְׂעָרָהֿ v 4 (Ges ^{91 e});—hair: 1. of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳ Gn 25:25 (J), Zc 13:4; prob. also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳ 2 K 1:8 i.e. a man with a garment of skin. 2. human: שׂ׳ רֹאשׁוֹ Ju 16:22 2 S 14:26 Nu 6:5 (P), cf. v 18 (P); + beard Ezr 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳ ψ 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Lv 14:8, 9, 10 (P); שׂ׳ הָרַגְלַיִם Is 7:20 (i.e. of genitals; + רֹאשׁ, זָקָן; in fig.) long hair of woman Ez 16:7 Ct 4:1; 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-) marks Lv 13:3 + 10 times 13 (P).

†שַׂעֲרָה S TWOT GK n.f. a hair, nom. unit (Ges ^{122 times});—abs. Ju 20:16: cstr. in phr. מִשַּׂעֲרַת רֹאשׁוֹ 1 S 14:45 a single hair of his head, cf. 2 S 14:11 1 K 1:52 (v. מִן 3 b (d), Dr 1 S 14:45); שׂ׳ בְּשָׂרִי Jb 4:15 (appar. n. coll., G B and most; Buhl proposes pl.); pl. cstr. שַׂעֲרוֹת רֹאשִׁי ψ 40:13; 69:5 (both as numerous).

†[שָׂעַר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb.denom. bristle, with horror;—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׂעֲרוּ שַׂעַר Ez 27:35 (|| שָׁמַם עַל, רָֽעֲמוּ); Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׂעֲרוּ עָלֶיךָ שַׂעַר 32:10 (|| שָׁמַם Hiph.); Imv. mpl. שַׂעֲרוּ Je 2:12 (|| שֹׁמּוּ עַל־).—Dt 32:17 v. III. שׂער.

†i. שַׂ֫עַר S TWOT GK^, n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ abs., as acc. cogn. Ez 27:35; 32:10 v. foregoing; cf. אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Jb 18:20 (|| נָשַׁמּוּ עַל).

†i. שָׂעִר adj. hairy;—ms. אִישׁ שׂ׳ Gn 27:11; fpl. יָדָיו שְׂעִרֹת v 23 (J).

ii. שָׂעִיר S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , ,} ₅₃ n.m.Nu 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; NH id.);—abs. שׂ׳ Lv 4:24 +, cstr. שְׂעִיר Nu 7:16 +; pl. שְׂעִירִם Lv 16:7, 8; cstr. שְׂעִירֵי v 5 Nu 7:87;—he-goat, usually שְׂעִיר(־)עִזִּים buck of goats (v. עֵז p. 777): Gn 37:31 (J), Ez 43:22; 45:23 Lv 4:23; 9:3; 23:19 + 20 times Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳ Lv 16:5 Nu 7:87 (P); שׂ׳ alone = he-goat Lv 4:24 + 11 times Lv 16 (P); שְׂעִיר (הַ)חַטָּאת he-goat for sin-offering Ez 43:25 Lv 9:15 + 9 times Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳ 2 Ch 29:23; in Dn 8:21 הַשּׂ׳ is prob. gloss to הַצָּפִיר (cf. Dr).

†i. [שְׂעִירָה S^, GK^, ] n.f. she-goat;—cstr. שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים (lit. hairy female of goats) Lv 4:28; 5:6.

†ii. [שְׂעִירָה S^, GK^, ] n.pr.loc., prob. in SE Ephraim (= goat, Thes);—c. ה loc. הַשְּׂעִי֫רָתָה Ju 3:26; Σε(τ)ειρωθα, GL Σηρωθα.

†iii. שָׂעִיר S^, TWOT^, GK^{, , ,} n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; NH id.; cf. Baud^{Stud. i. 136 ff.}; hairy demons We ^{iii. 135; 152} RS ^{113, 423; 2nd ed. 120, 441}); abs. שׂ׳ Is 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so pl. שְׂעִירִים 13:21; name for idols 2 Ch 11:15 and (שְׂעִרִם) Lv 17:7 (H); prob. also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳ 2 K 23:8 (MT הַשְּׁעָרִים) Hoffm ^{ii (1882), 175} SS Kmp Klo Kit Benz Bur.

†שְׂעֹרָה S TWOT GK n.f. barley (bearded grain; G κριθή, B hordeum; NH id.; Sab. שערם Glass in Fell ^{liv (1900), 256}, Arabic شَعِيرٌ (ša˓īrun); Old Aramaic שערה, T סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ (s˓orto); Di²⁶⁰ cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ (šərnāy) wheat, grain);—abs. שׂ׳ Ex 9:31 +; usually pl. שְׂעֹרִים Ho 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often || חִטָּה, etc.): 1. growing, standing, sg. Ex 9:31⁽⁾ (J), Dt 8:8 Jb 31:40 Jo 1:11, as sown Is 28:25; standing, pl. 2 S 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ 1 Ch 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים 2 S 21:9 Ru 1:22; 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ 3:2. 2. pl., the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Ho 3:2⁽⁾ Ez 4:9; 13:19; 45:13 2 K 7:1, 16, 18 Je 41:8 2 Ch 2:9, 14; 27:5 Ru 2:17; 3:15, 17, 2 S 17:28 1 K 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Lv 27:16 (P); קֶמַח שׂ׳ Nu 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Ju 7:13 2 K 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Ez 4:12.

†שְׂעֹרִים S GK n.pr.m. priest 1 Ch 24:8; Σεωρειμ.

†שֵׂעִיר S TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr. Sē˓îr (= שָׂעִיר goat? cf. Gray ⁹⁴; but note play in שֵׂעָר Gn 25:25, שָׂעִר 27:11, 23; Nö ^{xl (1886), 165; ii. 1183} cp. n.pr. mont. الاشعر (˒l˒š˓r) (the ‘hairy,’ i.e. ‘well-wooded,’ cf. شَعَارٌ (ša˓ārun) trees), n.pr.gent. (orig.n.pr.loc.) أَلَاشْعَرُ (˒alā˒š˓aru); Lag ⁹² thinks שׂ׳ orig.n.pr.m., but land much earlier in OT; perhaps = TelAm. land Šêri, Zim ^{vi (1891), 257} Jastr ^{xi (1892), 114} Wkl ^{181, 26} Buhl^{Edom. 28 f.});— 1. Σηειρ: a. terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea, אַ֫רְצָה שׂ׳ Gn 32:4 (J; || שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם), cf. 36:30 (P); שׂ׳ alone Ju 5:4 (poem; || id.), Nu 24:18 (JE; || אֱדוֹם), Dt 1:44; 2:4, 8, 12, 22, 29; 33:2 Jos 11:17 (D), Is 21:11 2 Ch 20:23b; c. ה loc. שֵׂעִ֫ירָה Gn 33:14, 16 (J), Jos 12:7 (D). b. specif. mont. E. of Arabah, הַר־שׂ׳ Jos 24:4 (E), Gn 36:8, 9 (P), Dt 1:2; 2:1, 5 Ez 35:2, 3, 7, 15 1 Ch 4:42 2 Ch 20:10, 22, 23; cf. הַרֲרָם שׂ׳ Gn 14:6 (home of הַחֹרִי; on text v. Buhl^{Edom. 28} Gunk Gn). c. gent. Ez 25:8 = Edom [van d. H. שׁ׳]; but del. G Hi Co Berthol Toy Krae. d. personif. as m. in בְּנֵי־שׂ׳ (v. חֹרִי p. 360; cf. Gn 14:6) Gn 36:20 = 1 Ch 1:38, Gn 36:21 (P; + בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם); = Edomites 2 Ch 25:11, 14 (|| אֱדוֹמִים). 2. mont. in Judah, הַר־שׂ׳ Jos 15:10 (P), Ασσαρ, A Σηειρ, GL Σιειρ; Di Buhl ⁹¹ al. cp. hill-ruin Sâtrîs c. 9 miles W. of Jerus. (Rob ^{iii. 156}).

†II. [שָׂעַר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. sweep or whirl away (of storm-wind) (= סָעַר, q.v.; Assyrian šâru, wind, Dl ⁶³⁵; > Thes¹³³⁴ cp. I. שׂער);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׂעָרֶנּוּ ψ 58:10 fig. he (י׳) shall sweep it away. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. impers. נִשְׂעֲרָה ψ 50:3 round about him it is tempestuous exceedingly. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וִישַׂעֲרֵ֫הוּ Jb 27:21 and it [an E. wind] shall whirl him away from (מִן) his place. Hithp. Impf. 3 ms. וְיִשְׂתָּעֵר עָלָיו Dn 11:40 the kg. shall storm against him.

†ii. שַׂ֫עַר S TWOT GK^, n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only cstr. שׂ׳ קָ֑טֶב Is 28:2 a storm of destruction (in sim.; || זֶרֶם בָּרָד).

†שְׂעָרָה S TWOT GK n.f. id. (= סְעָרָה);—of way of י׳בְּסוּפָה וּבִשׂ׳ Na 1:3; fig. of י׳’s judgments; אֲשֶׁר־בִּשׂ׳ יְשׁוּפֵנִי Jb 9:17.

†III. [שָׂעַר S TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. perhaps be acquainted with (Arabic شَعَرَ (ša˓ara) perceive [Sab. שער id.? Hom ¹²⁴]; cf. Aramaic סְֶעַר ܣܥܰܪ (s˓ar), visit, inspect, BA ⁶⁷ RS in Dr Dt Perles ⁷⁹);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. שְׂעָרוּם Dt 32:17 new gods, with whom your fathers had no acquaintance (G εἴδησαν; || יְדָעוּם); usually fear, Thes revere with awe, Dr shudder before, [שָׂעַר] denom., although not elsewherec.acc. pers.

IV. שׂער TWOT^, (assumed as √ of foll.).

†שְׂעִירִים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. rain(-drops), si vera l.; (so according to Vrss and context; Thes cp. ii. שַׂעַר; Lag proposes רְסִיסִים);—כִּשׂ׳ עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא Dt 32:2 (|| מָטָר, טַל, רְבִיבִים).

שְׂפֹדְנָה Je 49:3 Mas, < mod. edd. ס׳ v. ספד.

שׂפה TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. NH = BH; Assyrian šaptu, lip, edge; so Syriac ܣܶܦܬܳܐ (septo); Arabic شَفَةٌ (šafatun) lip, شَفًا (šafan) edge).

שָׂפָה S TWOT GK₁₇₆ n.f. [m. Ex 28:32, edge, cf. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 76}], lip, speech, edge;—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 11:1 +, cstr. שְׂפַת v 7 +; sf. שְׂפָתוֹ 1 K 7:23 +, etc.; oftener du. שְׂפָתַיִם Is 6:5 +, cstr. שִׂפְתֵי ψ 12:4 +; sf. שְׂפָתַי Je 17:16 +, sf. 3 mpl. שְׂפָתֵימוֹ ψ 59:13; 140:4, 10, etc.; pl. (poet. and late) cstr. שִׂפְתוֹת Ec 10:12, sf. שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. ψ 45:3; 59:8 Is 59:3 Ct 4:3, 11; 5:13;— 1. lip: a. usually (c. 108 times) human organ of speech (often || פֶּה לָשׁוֹן, rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 times Jb; 25 times ψψ; 45 times Pr): (1) Is 29:13 Lv 5:4 (P), Jb 13:6 Mal 2:6 ψ 12:5 Pr 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳ ψ 141:3 (v. דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳ Jb 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳ Pr 10:8 = one talking folly, so v 10 (MT; but v. Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Is 6:5⁽⁾ cf. v 7 Dn 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳ Ex 6:12, 30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳ Pr 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳ 20:19 v. [פָּתָה]; מוֹצָא שׂ׳ i.e. utterance, Dt 23:24 Je 17:16 Nu 30:13 (P), ψ 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳ Is 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳ ψ 59:13 Pr 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word 2 K 18:20 = Is 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳ Pr 18:20, נוב שׂ׳ Is 57:19 (thanksgiving), cf. Ho 14:3 GS and most פְּרִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳ Pr 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת ψ 12:3, 4; cf. שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה ψ 17:1, שׂ׳ שֶׁקֶר 31:9 + 4 times, שְׂפַת אָוֶן Pr 17:4; poison beneath (cf. לָשׁוֹן) ψ 140:4 (fig.); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳ Pr 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳ 4:24; שׂ׳ אֱמֶת 12:19, שׂ׳ יָ֑תֶר 17:7, שׂ׳ צֶדֶק 16:13, שׂ׳ דַּעַת 14:7; 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳ 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zp 3:9; שׂ׳ רְנָנוֹת ψ 63:5 i.e. lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳ (to speak) Jb 11:5; 30:20 (Gi v 21), cf. ψ 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳ Pr 8:6; פֹּשֵׂק שׂ׳ 13:3 i.e. prate; שׂ׳ מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם Is 30:27; שׂ׳ subj. of דִּבֶּר Is 59:3 Pr 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳ ψ 16:4; קָרַץ שׂ׳ Pr 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳ 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂךְ שׂ׳ 10:19, שׂ׳ כָּלָא ψ 40:10. †(2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ 1 S 1:13, נִיד Jb 16:5. †(3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Ez 36:3; = ability to speak Jb 12:20. †b. organ of laughter Jb 8:21. †c. of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳ ψ 22:8. †d. quivering in terror Hb 3:16. †e. feature of beauty Ct 4:3 (scarlet). f. place of bridle 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29 (v. מֶתֶג) †g. receiving kiss Pr 24:26 cf. Ct 4:11 and (in fig.) 7:10. †h. of divine speech, מִצְוִת שׂ׳ Jb 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳ ψ 17:4. † 2. language (v. לָשׁוֹן), Gn 11:1, 6, 7⁽⁾, 9 ψ 81:6; עַם עִמְגֵי שׂ׳ Ez 3:5, 6 Is 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳ 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew). 3. edge: shore of sea Gn 22:17 (J) + 7 times; bank of river Gm 41:3, 17 (E) + 5 times, of wady (נַחַל) Dt 2:36 + 7 times; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Ju 7:22 cf. GASm ⁴⁰⁰; brim of vessel 1 K 7:23⁽⁾ + 7 times; edge of altar Ez 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Ex 26:4⁽⁾ (P) + 6 times; of חֹשֶׁן, toward ephod 28:26 = 39:19 (P); of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳ 28:32 = 39:23 (P).

†שָׂפָם S TWOT GK n.[m.] moustache (cf. N. Syriac ܣܲܦܡܵܐ (sapmā) rete; on meaning and form v. Thes Ol⁴⁰⁸ Kö ⁷³);—abs. שׂ׳ Mi 3:7 +, sf. שְׂפָמוֹ 2 S 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳ 2 S 19:25 (G μύσταξ) i.e. trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳ Mi 3:7 Ez 24:17, 22 Lv 13:45 (P; v. I. עטה 1).

שִׂפַּח v. III. ספח.

מִשְׂפָּח S TWOT GK v. II. ספח.

שִֽׂפְמוֹת S GK 1 S 30:28 v. שְׁפ׳ (p. 1050).

שׂפן v. ספן.

I. שׂפק, שֶׂ֫פֶק S^, TWOT^, GK v. ספק.

†II. [שָׂפַק S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. suffice (NH סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; T סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syriac ܣܦܰܩ (spaq); Arabic شَفِقَ (šafiqa) is be niggardly, scanty, Lane¹⁵⁷³);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק 1 K 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei.

†[שֵׂ֫פֶק S TWOT^, GK] n.[m.] sufficiency, plenty;—sf. שִׂפְקוֹ Jb 20:22 (Baer Gi; ס׳ van d. H.; opp. צרר).

שַׂק S TWOT GK v. שׂקק.

†[שָׂקַד S TWOT GK] doubtful vb., Ḳi bind on;—Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׂקַד עֹל La 1:14 (fig.); read perhaps נִשְׁקַד עַל watch is kept upon G S B Bu, cf. Thes (v. שׁקד); other conj. in Löhr Bi.

שׂקק TWOT (assumed as √ of foll., but nowhere found).

†שַׂק S TWOT GK n.m. Jos 9:4 sack sackcloth (v. Schwally ^{xi (1891), 173} who conj. Egptian origin; NH סַק sackcloth (rare); Assyrian šaḳḳu, sack (Dl ^{687 a}), sackcloth (Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. vi. 44}); Ethiopic ሠቅ (šaqq) = BH; Aramaic סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ (saqo); Gk. σάκκος Lewy ⁸⁷);—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 37:34 +, שָׂ֑ק Je 48:37 +; sf. שַׂקִּי ψ 30:12, etc.; pl. שַׂקִּים Jos 9:4 +, sf. שַׂקֵּיהֶם Gn 42:35;— 1. sack, for grain Gn 42:25, 27 (|| אַמְתַּחַת), v 35⁽⁾ (E), Jos 9:4 (JE), perhaps also Lv 11:32 (P). 2. sackcloth: a. worn in mourning and humiliation (v. Now ^{i. 192 f.} SACook ^s.v.), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Gn 37:34 (J), 1 K 20:31, on (bare) flesh 21:27 2 K 6:30, cf. Je 48:37 Jb 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳ Am 8:10; usually חָגַר שַק 2 S 3:31 Is 15:3; 22:12, cf. 3:24, Je 4:8; 6:26; 49:3 Ez 7:18; 27:31 1 K 20:32 Jo 1:8 La 2:10; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳ 2 K 19:1, 2 = Is 37:1, 2, Jon 3:6, 8 1 Ch 21:16, fig. of heavens (cf. קָדַר), שׂ׳ אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם Is 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳ put on sackcloth Jon 3:5 Est 4:1, cf. v:2 ψ 35:13; 69:12; בְּצוֹם וְשׂ׳ Ne 9:1, cf. Dn 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳ loosen sackcloth Is 20:2 ( + מֵעַל), ψ 30:12 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), הֵסִיר שׂ׳ מֵעַל Est 4:4. b. same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), 2 S 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Is 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), cf. Est 4:3; וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳ 1 K 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳ Jo 1:13.

†[שָׂקַר S TWOT GK] vb. Pi. ogle (Aramaic סְקַר look at (T Jb 20:9; 28:7), סַקְרָנִית looking about, ogling; ܣܩܰܪ (sqar) eye with envy or hatred (e.g. 1 S 18:9 S); cf. De Is);—Pt. fpl. מְשַׂקְּרוֹת עֵינַיִם Is 3:16 ogling of eyes (women of Jerusalem).

שַׂר S TWOT GK^, v. שׂרר.

†שַׂרְאֶ֫צֶר S GK n.pr.m. in Assyrian (Bab.) (van d. H. שׂ׳, but v. Baer, and Str ^{xxxiii (1879), 302}; in Assyrian perhaps [Ašur, Běl, or Nergal] šar-uṣur, […] protect the king! COT 2 K 19:37; Σαρασα(ρ));— 1. son of Sennah., 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38 (Schr Wkl ^{3, 84} Stevenson ^iv.476). 2. a returned exile Zc 7:2 (Stevenson^{ib. 477}).—Cf. also נֵרְגַּל שׂ׳ p. 669.

†[שָׂרַג S TWOT GK] vb. Pu. be intertwind (Talm. סָרַג Pi. enmesh, weave around; Aramaic ܣܪܰܓ (srag) intertwine, involve, סְרַג entwine; Arabic شَرَجَ (šaraja) set in order, join, weave, mix);—Impf. 3 mpl. יְשׂרָ֑גוּ Jb 40:17 are intertwined (of sinews of hippopot.). Hithp. Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׂתָּֽרְגוּ La 1:14 they intertwine themselves (fig. of פְּשָׁעַי).

†[שָׂרִיג S TWOT GK] n.m. Gn 40:10 tendril twig (from interlacing; cf. Arabic شَرِيجَةٌ (šarījatun) palm-leaf braid, etc.; Ethiopic መሥገርት (mašgart) net (Prä ^{i. 371}); Aramaic סְרִיגָא, ܣܪܺܝܓܬܳܐ (srigto) network, lattice);—of vine, pl. שָׂרִיגִם Gn 40:10, שָׂרִגִים v 12; of fig-tree, sf. שָׂרִיגֶיהָ Jo 1:7.

†שְׂרוּג S GK n.pr.m. descendant (i.e. younger branch) of Peleg Gn 11:20, 21, 22, 23 1 Ch 1:26; Σερουχ (GL Ch Σερουγ).

†I. [שָׂרַד S TWOT GK] vb. escape (شَرَدَ (šarada) take fright, shy (of camel or house), run away; Aramaic ܣܪܰܕ (srad) be terrified, ܣܪܺܝܕܳܐ (srido) survivor);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׂרְדוּ Jos 10:20 (JE; c. מִן pers.), Benn del. as dittogr.

†i. שָׂרִיד S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Je 47:4 survivor (from a defeat, etc.);—abs. שׂ׳ Is 1:9 +; sf. שְׂרִידוֹ Jb 27:15 Kt; pl. שְׂרִדִים Jos 10:20 Jo 3:5; cstr. שְׂרִידֵי Je 31:2; sf. שְׂרִידָיו Ob 14 + Jb 27:15 Qr (van d. H. also Kt);— 1. survivor (often || פָּלִיט): especially עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שׂ׳ Nu 21:35 Jos 8:22 (both JE), Dt 3:3 Jos 10:33; 11:8 2 K 10:11 (all D); more simply, לֹא הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ Dt 2:34 Jos 10:28, 30, 37, 39, 40 (all D); י׳ הוֹתִיר לָנוּ שׂ׳ Is 1:9; לֹא יִהְיֶה שׂ׳ לְ Je 42:17; 44:14 Ob 18; אֵין שׂ׳ Jb 18:19; וְהֶאֱבִיד שׂ׳ מֵעִיר Nu 24:19 (JE); עַם שְׂרִידֵי הָ֑רֶב Je 31:2, pl. also Jos 10:20 (subj. of שָֽׂרְדוּ), Jo 3:5 Ob 14 Jb 27:15 (v. supra); sg. also Ju 5:13 (obscure, for שׂ׳ לְ read perhaps יִשְׂרָאֵל GFM Now cf. Bu), Je 47:4 La 2:22. 2. of things: אֵין שׂ׳ לְאָבְלוֹ Jb 20:21, i.e. nothing has escaped his agreed; יֵ֫רַע שׂ׳ בְּאָהֳלוֹ (אֵשׁ) v 26.

†ii. שָׂרִיד S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun;—עַד־שׂ׳ Jos 19:10 (P; Εσεδεκγωλα, A ἕως Σαρθιδ, GL Σαρειδ), מִשּׂ׳ v 12 (P; ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ; A Σαριδ).

II. שׂרד TWOT (√ of foll., plait, braid? (Lag ^{175 ff.} thinks שׂ׳ Avestan loan-word)).

†שְׂרָד S TWOT GK n.[m.] perhaps Aramaic plaited or braided work (cf. then Aramaic סְרָדָא lattice-work, net-work ( = BH מִכְבָּר), textile stuff, curtain ( = BH קְלָעִים), סַרְדוּתָא plaited or braided work; NH סָרָד plaiter, סָרִיד, סָרוּד woven-work; Hom ^{xliv (1890), 548} cp. Bab. šardu, thong);—always abs.: בִּגְדֵי (הַ)שׂ׳ Ex 31:10; 35:19; 39:1, 41 (all P; all + ב׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, and last three + לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); G 31:10 τ. στολὰς τ. λειτουργικάς (cf. 39:1 [B v 13, GL v 11]).

†שֶׂ֫רֶד S TWOT GK n.[m.] from context, a marking-tool for wood, styles (so Thes al.; connexion with above √ dub.; Lewy ^{57 f.} cp. σάρδιον as gem used in gem-cutting);—יְתָֽאֲרֵהוּ בַּשֶּׂרֶד Is 44:13.

שָׂרָה S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.f. et pr. v. sub שׂרר.

†I. שָׂרָה S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. persist, exert oneself, persevere (Arabic شَرِىَ (šariya) persist, persevere);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ אֶת־א׳ Ho 12:4 he persevered with God; 2 ms. שָׂרִיתָ עִם־א׳ וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים Gn 32:29 (J).—Ho 12:5 has Impf. וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < read וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apoc. from וַיִּשְׂרֶה).—שׂוֹרָה Is 28:25 v. supra, p. 965a.

יִשְׂרָאֵל S^, GK₂₅₀₇ n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (E†l persisteth, persevereth (or juss. Let E†l persist) [usually contendeth (Nes ^{60 ff.}) or Let E†l contend (Gray ²¹⁸), but v. Dr ^{Jacob 530}]; on vocalization v. Lag ^{131 f.} Kit 1 Ch 4:16 ⁽⁾; MI^{5, 5 times} ישראל; in Egyptian Y-si-r-˒l Steindorff ^{xvi (1896), 331}, cf. Breasted^{Bib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.} Paton^{Syriac and 134}; Assyrian Sir-˒-lai ( = יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) Schr ^{356 ff., 364;} Gn 36:31, 1 K 16:29.—On a poss. relation of יִשׂ׳ to n.pr. שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה v. RS ^{257, 2nd ed. 34};—cf. שְׂרָיָה)וּ();—Ισραηλ: 1. n.pr.m. second name of Jacob Gn 32:29 + 28 times Gn (JE), Ex 32:13 (JE), Ho 12:13 Ju 18:29 Ex 6:14 Nu 1:20; 26:5 (all P), 2 K 17:34 1 Ch 1:34 + 8 times Chr, ψ 105:23; בֵּית יִשׂ׳ Ru 4:11; בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ (lit.) Gn 42:5 + 3 times E, 2 times P + Ex 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1 K 18:31 1 Ch 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Ex 28:9 + 7 times P; אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשׂ׳ †1 K 18:36 1 Ch 29:18 2 Ch 30:6. 2. n.pr.gent. (usually m. Ju 11:17 f. but f. 1 S 17:21 2 S 24:9 [not || 1 Ch 21:5], cf. Dr^{ad loc.} Albr ^{xvi (1896), 57 f.}): name of Hebrew nation; usually der. from 1, but יִשׂ׳ more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ (v. בֵּן p. 120b): a. (1) undivided kingdom; יִשׂ׳ Gn 47:27 (J), 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 times JE, Dt 1:1; 18:6; 33:10 (poem) + 76 times D, Gn 34:7 Ex 12:15 + 42 times P; Ju 5:2, 7⁽⁾ + 104 times Ju, often 1 and 2 S, 1 K 1–12; כָּל־יִשׂ׳ of whole people 2 S 8:15 +, of whole army 11:1 +, opp. Judah 2:9 + (so also later). (2) יִשׂ׳ = N. tribes, disting. from Judah, even before disruption, 2 S 2:9, cf. v 10 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1 1 K 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 12:16⁽⁾, 18, 19; then usually of N. kingdom, till its fall, v 28; 24:7, 10 + very often K, Am 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Ho 1:5; 4:15⁽⁾; 5:3⁽⁾, 5 +, Mi 1:13, etc. (3) יִשׂ׳ of S. kingdom, Judah, rarely bef. fall of Samaria Is 1:3; 8:18 Mi 1:14, 15, so בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 K 12:17; after fall of Sam., יִשׂ׳ (less often בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 K 21:8; 23:22 Is 17:9 ψ 103:7 Je 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; יִשׂ׳ also = Judah Je 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ez 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Is 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezr 2:59 = Ne 7:61, Ezr 2:70; 3:11 +, Ne 10:34; 10:3 +, ψ 14:7⁽⁾ = 53:7⁽⁾, 147:2; 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chr: יִשׂ׳ of whole people 1 Ch 2:7 + 110 times, of N. kingdom 2 Ch 11:1 + 16 times, of Judah 12:6; 19:8 + 9 times (5) יִשׂ׳ personif. as עֶבֶד י׳, Is 44:1, 21; 49:3 b. בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳, (1) of undiv. people Ex 1:12 (J), 3:9 (E) + 72 times JE, Dt 3:18; 10:6 + 25 times D, Gn 32:33 + 327 times P; Ju 1:1 + 60 times Ju; seld. 1 and 2 Sm, 1 K 1–12; in 13–2 K 25 pass. in ref. to older hist. (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of N. kingdom Am 2:11 + 9 times Am Ho, 2 Ch 13:12 + 7 times Chr. (3) of Judah (late) Ez 2:3 Ne 1:6⁽⁾ Ezr 3:1 Jo 4:16 +, 2 Ch 31:5. c. בֵּית יִשׂ׳ Ex 16:31; 40:38 + 142 times (v. בַּיִת 5 d (δ); 81 times Ez, where = Judah; v. especially 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ׳ Is 8:14. d. other phrases, v. sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, )נטה( מַטֶּה, )יעד( עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epith. of י׳) sub אָבִיר, אוֹר, אֱלֹהִים, I. גָּאַל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. רזה), i. צוּר (V. צור), קָדוֹשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3). †e. יִשׂ׳ = the laity, opp. priests, etc. (late): Ezr 10:25 Ne 11:3 1 Ch 9:2 כָּל־יִשׂ׳ Ezr 2:70; 10:5; הָעָם יִשׂ׳ 9:1; בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ Ne 10:40, cf. שְׁאָר יִשׂ׳ 11:20.

†יִשְׂרְאֵלִי S^, GK adj.gent. of foregoing;—m. הַיִּשׂ׳ Lv 24:10; f. הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית v 10, 11, cf. v 10.—2 S 17:25 < הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִי, G Th We Dr al. (so || 1 Ch 2:19).

†שְׂרָיָה(וּ) S GK n.pr.m. (י׳ persisteth Dr ^{ii. 530 Jacob});—usually Σαραια(ς);—שְׂרָיָה: 1. secretary of David 2 S 8:17, but G Ασα, || שיא 20:25 Kt (שְׁוָא Qr), שַׁוְשָׁא 1 Ch 18:16 (in both Ἰησοῦς, GL Σουσα), שִׁישָׁא 1 K 4:3 (Σαβα, A Σεισα, GL Σαφατ); orig. in all prob. ששא We Dr Klo (Sausa), HPS (שושא), Now (Šoša), Bu. 2. chief priest 2 K 25:18 = Je 52:24. 3. a captain 2 K 25:23 Je 40:8; 51:59⁽⁾, 61. 4. a. son of Ḳenaz 1 Ch 4:13, 14. b. name in Simeon v 35. c. Levite name 5:40⁽⁾. 5. a. companion of Zerub. Ezr 2:2. b. father of Ezra 7:1. c. one sealed Ne 10:3. d. priest 11:11; 12:1, 12. 6. שְׂרָיָהוּ, officer of king Jehoiakim, Je 36:26, τῷ Σαρεα.

II. שׂרה TWOT (√ of foll., = rule? cf. שׂרר).

†מִשְׂרָה S TWOT GK n.f. rule, dominion;—Is 9:5, 6.

†שֶׂ֫רַה n.pr.f. (cf. Sab. n.pr.m. שרח SabDenkm ^{20, 1. 1, and p. 72}, שרחאל Id. ^{13, 1.2.12}, אלשרך DHM ^lxxii);—daughter of Asher Gn 46:17 1 Ch 7:30, שָׂ֑רַח Nu 26:46; Σααρ, Σαρ(ρ)α, etc.; G Nu Καρα.

†[שָׂרַט S TWOT GK] vb. incise, scratch (NH id., so Aramaic סְרַט Pa (T 1 S 21:14), ܣܪܰܛ, ܣܪܶܛ (sraṭ, sreṭ), scratch, hence write ( = χαράσσω); Assyrian šarâṭu, slit up, rend; Arabic شَرَطَ (šaraṭa) slit ear of camel, شَرْطٌ, شَرَطٌ (šarṭun, šaraṭun), sing, mark (RS ^{214 f.});—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. c.acc. cogn. וּבִבְשָׂרָם לֹא יִשְׂרְטוּ שָׂרָ֑טֶת Lv 21:5 shall make no incision; Inf. abs. c. Niph. Impf. 3 mpl. שָׂרוֹט יִשָּׂרֵ֑טוּ Zc 12:3 those loaded with the stone shall be severely seratched, lacerated.

†שֶׂ֫רֶט S TWOT GK n.[m.] incision;—abs. וְשׂ׳ לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם Lv 19:28.

†[שָׂרֶ֫טֶת S TWOT^, GK] n.f. id. (Ba^{§ 93 α β});—שָׂרָ֑טֶת Lv 21:5, v. vb. Qal.

שָׂרַי S GK v. sub שׂרר.

שְׂרָיָה(וּ) S GK v. sub I. שׂרה.

†שִׂרְיֹן, -וֹן n.pr.mont. (in Assyrian Sirara COT Dt 3:9; 1 K 5:13 Dl ^{103 f.});—Sidonian name of Ḥermon Dt 3:9 (Σανιωρ); -וֹן ψ 29:6 ( + לְבָנוֹן; van d. H. al. שׂ׳).

†[שָׂרַךְ S TWOT GK] vb. twist (so T סְרַךְ ( = Heb. עִוָה, עִוֵּת); perhaps akin to שׂרג, סרג; Talm. סָרַךְ is adhere, cf. Aramaic ܣܪܰܟ, ܣܪܶܟ (srak, srek); Arabic شَرَكَ (šaraka) is share, participate, but شِرَاكٌ (širākun) sandal-thong, شَرَكٌ (šarakun) snare);—Pi. Pt. fs. מְשָׂרֶכֶת דְּרָכֶיהָ Je 2:23 a swift dromedary entangling her ways (galloping aimlessly; fig.).

†[שְׂרוֹךְ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] (sandal-)thong (? from above √, as crossed and twisted over the foot; on vocalization cf. Arabic supra Ges ^{84 a n} Ba ^{§ 42 e});—cstr., שְׂ׳־נַעַל Gn 14:23 Is 5:27.

†שַׂרְסְכִים n.pr.m. a prince of Nebuch. Je 39:3, but read prob. (נְבוֹ) שֹׁזְבָּן, v. Gie Du, cf. p. 613a supra; G Ναβουσαχαρ, etc.

†[שָׂרַע S TWOT GK] vb. extend (Arabic شَرَعَ (šara˓a) point directly at, also enter upon a path (Frä²¹³ thinks orig. divide, then stretch out, make straight), شَرَعَةٌ (šara˓atun) projecting roof, أَسْرَعُ (˒asra˓u) long-nosed (torto naso B Lv 21:18); Ethiopic ሠርዐ (šar˓a) dispose, arrange; Sab. שרע arrangement, security Hom ¹²⁴;—but Aramaic ܣܪܺܝܥ (sri˓) expl. as mutilated Lv 21:18; 22:23 PS²⁷⁴⁴, cf. G ὠτότμητος);—Qal Pt. pass. שָׂרוּעַ extended, i.e. too long (in a limb or member), of man Lv 21:18, beast 22:23 (v. II. חרם). Hithp. stretch oneself: Inf. cstr. הִשְׂתָּרֵעַ Is 28:20 (v מַצַּע p. 427a).

שַׂרְעַפִּים S TWOT GK v. sub שׂעף.

שָׂרַף S TWOT GK₁₁₇ vb. burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (NH (rare) = BH; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ (srap) is absorb, consume);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Jos 11:9 +, 3 fs. sf. שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Is 47:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂרֹף Nu 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Ex 32:20 +, 2 mpl. תִּשְׂרְפוּן Dt 7:5 + 2 times; Inf. abs. שָׂרוֹף 2 S 23:7; cstr. שְׂרֹף Je 36:25 +; sf. שָׂרְפוֹ Ju 9:52 Am 2:1; Pt. act. שֹׂרֵף Lv 16:28 Nu 19:8, pl. שֹׂרְפִים 2 K 17:31; pass. mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Nu 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה 1 S 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה ψ 80:17, pl. שְׂרוּפוֹת Ne 3:34, cstr. שְׂרֻפוֹת Is 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ): 1. in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Gn 11:3 (J; obj. om.). 2. a. c. acc. rei, usually to destroy, e.g. door Ju 9:52, house Ju 12:1 1 K 16:18 (both c. עַל pers.), Je 39:8 + 11 times, cf. pt. pass. Ne 3:24, city Jos 6:24 1 S 30:1, 14 + 16 times, cf. pt. pass. 1 S 30:3 Is 1:7, chariots Jos 11:6, 9 2 K 23:11 ψ 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Ex 32:20 (acc. om.), Dt 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Je 36:25, 27, 28, 29, 32, wood †Is 44:16, 19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), cf. ψ 80:17 (fig.), Je 51:32, hair †Ez 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Am 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †1 K 13:2 2 K 23:16, 20 = 2 Ch 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † 1 S 31:12 (rare custom, RS ^{i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; but Klo Bu read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [ = יִס׳]; cf. Benz ^{163; Dead} Now ^{i. 188}); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob spices, cf. 2 Ch 16:14), †c. ל pers. mort. Je 34:5, + acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה 2 Ch 16:14 (cf. שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, cf. הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Ex 29:14, 34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Lv 4:12 ( + עַל־עֵצִים), v 21⁽⁾ + 4 times, etc., cf. Ez 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Nu 19:5⁽⁾, 8. †b. burn, c. acc. pers., (1) as penalty Jos 7:25 (JE), Ju 14:15; 15:6 Lv 20:14, cf. Nu 17:4 (pt. pass.), so, אֵשׁ subj., Is 47:14, c. acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Lv 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Je 7:31; 19:5; + ל dei Dt 12:31 2 K 17:31. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂרֵף Jos 7:15 +, 3 fpl. תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Pr 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Je 38:17 + v 23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף G S T Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Mi 1:7 1 Ch 14:12; ritually (cf. Qal 2 a ad fin.) Lv 4:12; 6:23; 7:17, 19; 13:52; 19:6; of pers., as penalty Gn 38:24 (J), Jos 7:15 (JE), 2 S 23:7 (poet.), Lv 21:9 (H). †Pi. Pt. sf. מְסָֽרְפוֹ Am 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him, v. Dr and cf. Qal supra. †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֹׂרָֽף, of goat Lv 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

†I. שָׂרָף S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. Is 14:29 fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—abs. שׂ׳ Nu 21:8 (JE; on Arabic parallels v. Jacob ^{ii. 93, iv. 10 f.}), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Dt 8:15, pl. הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Nu 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Is 14:29; 30:6.

†ii. [שָׂרָף S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] n.m. Is 6:2 pl. שְׂרָפִים seraphim (prob. akin to i. שׂ׳, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpent’s bodies (serpent-deities, cf. Is 14:29; 30:6), or (Che) personif. of lightning, cf. arts. Seraphim, Strachan Che; Di Marti al. cp. also Egyptian guardian-griffins, called Šerref; v. also כְּרוּב; on Assyrian Šarrapu (-bu), epith. of god Nergal, connected by Dl^WB; with √ שָׂרַף, v. שָׂרָב, Zim ⁴¹⁵);—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳ Is 6:2, 6.

†iii. שָׂרָף S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. a Judahite;—1 Ch 4:22; Σαια, A GL Σαραφ.

†שְׂרֵפָה S TWOT GK n.f. burning;—abs. שׂ׳ Is 9:4 +, cstr. שְׂרֵפַת Nu 19:6 +;—לשׂ׳ of brick-burning Gn 11:3 ( + שָׂרַף), destructive Am 4:11 Is 9:4, of land Dt 29:22, of temple, הָיָה לִשְׂרֵפַת אֵשׁ Is 64:10, הַר שׂ׳ Je 51:25 i.e. a burnt-out volcano (fig. of Bab.); of heifer Nu 19:6, cf. v 17; of spices (prob.) as funeral rite 2 Ch 16:14 (as acc. cogn.), 21:19 (obj. of עָשָׂה), v 19; of pers. (penal) Lv 10:6 (acc. cogn., י׳ subj.), Nu 17:2.

†[מַשְׂרֵפָה S TWOT GK, מִשְׂרָפָה?] n.[f.] a burning;—only pl. cstr. מִשְׂרְפוֹת: בְּמ׳ אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Je 34:5 (read כְּמ׳ G S B Gie Du al.), like the burnings (of spices; cf. √ 2 a) for thy fathers; מ׳ שִׂיד Is 33:12 (fig. of ignominious destruction, cf. Am 2:1).

†מִשְׂרְפוֹת מַיִם S GK n.pr.loc. named with Ṣidon Jos 11:8; 13:6 (appar. near coast); cp. (dub. Buhl ²²⁹) Mùêrfe, 14 m. S. of Tyre, v. Di and reff., Guérin ^{ii. 166 f.}—Μασερων, Μασρεφωθμαειμ, etc.

I. שׂרק TWOT^, (NH סָרַק, Aramaic ܣܪܰܩ (sraq), סְרַק, all comb, card; Arabic شَرَقَ (šaraqa) slit sheep’s ear, pluck fruit).

†[שָׂרִיק S TWOT GK] adj. carded, combed, of flax;—fpl. פִּשְׁתִּים שְׂרִיקוֹת Is 19:9.

II. שׂרק TWOT^, (cf. NH סָרָק light red; הִשְׂרִיק Ecclus^{50, 7; 43, 9 margin} shine brightly (of sun); Assyrian šarḳu, red blood; Arabic شَرَقَ (šaraqa) rise and shine (of sun), shew redness, شَرِقَ (šariqa) become red (like blood); Sab. שרק rise (of sun), משרק East, שרקן epith. dei the shining SabDenkm^{18, 4} Fell ^{liv (1900), 253 f.} cf. Hom ¹²⁴).

†i. [שָׂרֹק S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] adj. perhaps sorrel (? from II. שׂ׳, or cf. أَشْقَرُ (˒ašqaru) having ruddy tinge over white, of horses sorrel Lane¹⁵⁸⁴);—pl. אֲדֻמִּים שְׂרֻקִּים וּלְבָנִים Zc 1:8, of horses.

ii. [שָׂרֹק S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] n.[m.] vine-tendrils (or clusters) (from red colour?);—pl. sf. שְׂרוּקֶּיהָ Is 16:8.

†i. שֹׂרֵק S^{, ,} TWOT GK^, n.[m.] choice species of vine;—abs. שׂ׳ Is 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Je 2:21 (both in fig.).

†ii. שֹׂרֵק S^{, ,} TWOT GK^, (van d. H. שׂוֹ׳) n.pr.loc. in נַ֫חַל שׂ׳ Ju 16:4 (proposes Wady of choice vines);—G Σωρηχ[κ]; prob. Wady Ṣurâr (GASm ^{218 ff.}), on N. side of which is ruin Sûrîk, 4/3 h. W. of Ṣur˓ah (Ẓor˓ah), Survey^{iii. 53} GFM^{ad loc.}

†שֹׂרֵקָה n.f. choice vine;—Gn 49:11.

†מַשְׂרֵקָה S GK n.pr.loc. in Edom;—מִמּ׳ Gn 36:36 = 1 Ch 1:47; G ἐκ Μασέκκας (GL Ch ἐκ Μασερικα); Euseb^{Onom. ed. 227} Μασρηκα.

שׂרר (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; Dl ⁹² cp. Assyrian šarâru, rise in splendour (of sun, etc.), but dub., cf. Hal ^{xiv (1887), 150})

שַׂר S TWOT GK^, ₄₂₀ n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (NH especially of angels; Assyrian šarru king);—abs. שַׂר 2 S 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Mi 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Ho 3:4 +; cstr. שַׂר Ju 4:2 +; sf. שַׂרְכֶם Dn 10:21; pl. שָׂרִים 1 K 4:2 +; cstr. שָׂרֵי Gn 12:15 +; sf. שָׂרַי Ju 5:15 Is 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Je 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Is 3:4 +;— 1. chieftain, leader: a. pl. of Isr. Nu 21:18 (poem in JE; || נְדִיב הָעָם), of Issachar Ju 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד 10:18 is dub. (we should expect וְשׂ׳, and cf. זִקְנֵי ג׳, instead, 11:5–11); of Midian 7:25; 8:3; Philistines 1 S 29:3⁽⁾, 4⁽⁾, 9 (appar. = סְרָנִים v 2, 6, 7 [We], yet disting. by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; G S B Th Bu del. in v 4b), cf. 18:30; poet., of כְּמוֹשׂ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Je 48:7, of מלכם (q.v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Am 1:15 = Je 49:3. b. sg. David as leader of freebooters 1 S 22:2; cf. שׂ׳ גְּדוּד 1 K 11:24, pl. 2 S 4:2. 2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counsellor, commander, etc.): a. pl., in Egypt Gn 12:15 (J) + 3 times Is + 30:4 Di Du Skinner (> of foreign embassy [cf. || מַלְאָכָיו] Che al. reading [Che Marti] שָׂרִים), 105:22; Moab Nu 22:8 + 8 times 22, 23 (JE), Am 2:3; Edom Is 34:12 (|| חֹרִים); As. 10:8; 31:9; Bab. 21:5 + 7 times Je + 2 Ch 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Je 49:38 + 17 times Ezr Est; in gen. Is 49:7; officials, officials class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chr) 1 Ch 22:17 + 5 times 1 Ch, Ezr 8:20; Sol. 1 K 4:2; Jehoiachin 2 K 24:12, 14; Zedek. Je 34:21 2 Ch 36:18; other kings 19 times 2 Chr; in gen. Ec 10:16, 17; see also (Judah) Je 1:18 + 31 times Je (17:25a del. שׂ׳ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 times La, Ez 17:12, Zp 1:8 (where disting. from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳); so, in gen., Ne 9:32, 34 Dn 9:6, 8; and (N. Isr.) Ho 3:4 + 6 times Ho. b. as having powers of magistrate (ḳaḍi) Ex 2:14 (E. + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) 18:21 + 7 times 18 (E), Dt 1:15⁽⁾; later in Judah Ho 5:10 (Now reads שָׂרֵי יִשׂ׳), Is 1:23, cf. 3:4, 14; 32:1 Mi 7:3 (sg.; || שֹׁפֵט), Zp 3:3 (|| id.), Ez 22:27, cf. Pr 8:16 (|| נְדִיבִים); 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, v. Toy. c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְדִינָה), 1 K 20:14, 15, 17, 19 (cf. Est 1:3; 8:9; 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם 3:12). d. as commandant of city, שׂ׳ הָעִיר Ju 9:30, cf. 1 K 22:26 = 2 Ch 18:25, 2 K 23:8 2 Ch 34:8; of citadel, שׂ׳ הַבִּירָה Ne 7:2; pl. of city officials, שׂ׳ סֻכּוֹת Ju 8:6, 14 (disting. from זְקֵנִים), cf. 2 K 10:1 2 Ch 29:20. 3. specif. military, = captain, general: a. שַׂר־(ה)צבא Gn 21:22, 32 (E), 26:26 (J), 1 S 12:9 + 23 times, + שׂ׳־צ׳־י׳ Jos 5:14, 15 (JE; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; v. also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ 1 K 1:25 + 3 times Chr, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ 1 Ch 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v 21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת Dt 20:9 1 K 2:5 1 Ch 27:3; שַׂר־הַחַ֫יִל 2 S 24:2 (but read וְאֶל־שָׂרֵי as GL and || 1 Ch 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ v 4⁽⁾, 2 K 9:5 2 Ch 33:14 Ne 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23, 26 Je 40:7, 13 + 7 times Je; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת 2 Ch 32:6; so (ה)שׂר alone 2 S 18:5; 19:7 1 K 9:22 = 2 Ch 8:9 G Be Kit (שָׂרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for MT שָׂרֵי שׂ׳), 2 K 9:5⁽⁾ 1 Ch 11:6, 21 + 9 times, + Jb 39:25 Dn 11:5; שׂ׳ וְגָדוֹל 2 S 3:38 (of Abner); poss. military fig. also in שַׂר שָׁלוֹם Is 9:5 (Mess. name). b. leading companies of 50 2 K 1:9–14 Is 3:3, of 100 1 S 22:7 + 16 times + 8:12 (reading מֵאוֹת for חֲמִשִּׁים G HPS, cf. We; Bu ins. שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת), of 1000 1 S 17:18 + 11 times, + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת 1 Ch 13:1 26:26 (disting. from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 27:1; 29:6 2 Ch 1:2; also שׂ׳ הָרֶכֶב captain of the chariotry 1 K 22:31, 32, 33 = 2 Ch 18:30, 31, 32 + 3 times + שָׂרֵי ר׳ וּפָרָשָׁיו 1 K 9:22 = 2 Ch 8:9. 4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Gn 37:36 + 5 times; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1 K 14:27 = 2 Ch 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1 K 5:30; 9:23 = 2 Ch 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Gn 40:2 + 5 times, שַׂר הָאוֹפוֹת 40:2 + 4 times (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמַּהְלְקוֹת 1 Ch 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; cf. הַשַּׂר 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Dn 1:7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Je 51:59. b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Gn 39:21, 23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה 47:6 (all J; cf. אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1 S 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Ex 1:11 (J); cf. 1 Ch 15:27; 29:6; 27:31; 28:1.—In 1 Ch 15:22 read prob. סַר הַמַּשָּׂא ( = שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for MT בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so G Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; v. another view יָסַר Qal. 5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezr 8:24, 29; 10:5 2 Ch 36:14; שׂ׳ הַלְוִיִּם 1 Ch 15:16, 22 2 Ch 35:9, cf. 1 Ch 15:5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ 1 Ch 24:5, שׂ׳ אֱלֹהִים v 5;—שָׂרֵי ק׳ Is 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is prob. corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָדְשִׁי G Houb Klo Che Gr (substantially). 6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 Ch 27:22; 29:6, cf. 28:1; appar. = elders, שׂ׳ הָעָם Ez 11:1 2 Ch 24:23; שׂ׳ alone, ψ 68:28⁽⁾; in post-exilic Jerus. Ezr 9:1, 2 Ne 4:10; 10:1; 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezr 10:8, 14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Ne 12:31, 32; of district-rulers 3:9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֹת Ezr 8:29 1 Ch 29:6 ( = רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ 24:31; 27:1 Ne 7:70). 7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Is 23:8 (cf. ‘merchant-princes’), Jb 3:15; 29:9 (|| נְגִידִים), 34:19 ψ 45:17; 82:7; 148:11, opp. עבד(ים) Pr 19:10 Ec 10:7; formidable foes ψ 119:23, 161. 8. = patron-angel, only Dn: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר 10:13, 20, שׂ׳ יָוָן v 20; specif. of מִיכָאֵל v 13, 21; 12:1. 9. שַׂר־הַצָבָא 8:11 = God (prob., cf. צָבָא 1 c; yet v. also צ׳ 1 b), so שַׂר שָׂרִים v 25.

†[שָׂרַר S^, TWOT^, GK] vb. denom. (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule;—Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Ju 9:22 Abim. ruled over Isr. three years; 3 mpl. שָׂרִים … יָשׂ֑רוּ Is 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (|| יִמְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ), cf. Pr 8:16; Pt. לִהְיוֹת … שֹׂרֵר Est 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֹ. Hithp. Impf., 2 ms. + Inf. abs. כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּס־הִשְׂתָּרֵר Nu 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us.—יָסֹר 1 Ch 15:22 v. יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. metapl. הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges ^{67 v}) Ho 8:4 they made princes (abs.; || הִמְלִיכוּ).

†i. [שָׂרָה S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] n.f. princess, noble lady;—cstr. שָׂרָ֫תִי (Ges ^{90 l}) La 1:1; pl. שָׂרוֹת 1 K 11:3, cstr. id. Est 1:18; sf. שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ Ju 5:29, -תֵיהֶם Is 49:23;—princesses attending Sisera’s mother Ju 5:29; of Sol.’s wives 1 K 11:3, other queens Is 49:23 (|| מְלָכִים); wives of nobles Est 1:18; fig. of Jerus. La 1:1.

ii. שָׂרָה S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ₃₇ n.pr.f. wife of Abraham (princess);—Σαρρα: Gn 17:15 (where formal change from שָׂרַי), v 17, 19, 21; 21:1b, 3; 23:1⁽⁾, 2⁽⁾, 19; 25:10, 12; 49:31 (all P), 18:6 + 9 times 18, 21:1a, 2a 24:36, 67 (all J), 20:2⁽⁾, 14, 16, 18 21:6, 7, 9, 12 (all E); an ancestress of Hebrews Is 51:2.

†שָׂרַי S GK n.pr.f. wife of Abram (Nö ^{xiii (1888), 484} Ges ⁸⁰¹ Kö^{. 1, 427} make = foregoing, with old fem. ending י—ַ; >Lag ^{92, Anm.}, emphasizing diff. in G, der.froma √ شرى (šry), and cp. شراة (šr˒t), name of a barren mt.; cf. RS יִשְׂרָאֵל supr., sub I. שׂרה);—G Σαρα;—Gn 11:30 (J), v 31 (P), 12:5, 11, 17; 16:1, 2, 3, 5, 6⁽⁾, 8⁽⁾ (all J), 17:15 (P); שָׂרָ֑י 11:29 (J), 16:2 (J), 17:15 (P).

שָׂשׂוֹן S TWOT GK, שָׂשׂן v. שׂוֹשׂ.

שֵׂת v. שְׂאֵת sub נשׂא p. 673a.

†שָׂתַם S TWOT^, GK vb. usually stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late || form of סָתַם; yet awkward; BA ⁹ cp. Arabic شَمَّتَ (šammata) frustrate, disappoint);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ תְּפִלָּתִי La 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳) hath shut out my prayer (Bu שׂ׳ מִתּ׳ shut up [himself] from).

†[שָׂתַר S TWOT GK] vb.Niph. burst or break out, of tumours (Arabic شَتَرَ (šatara) have inverted, or cracked, eyelids, or lower lips; Ethiopic ሠተረ (šatara) lacerate; Assyrian [šatâru] ii. tear down; Syriac ܣܬܰܪ (star) destroy, so Sab. שתר Sab. Denkm. ^{48, 1. 2}, Biblical Aramaic סְתַר Ezr 5:12);—Niph. Impf. וַיִּשָּֽׂתְרוּ לָהֶם עפלים 1 S 5:9 and tumours brake out to them.