שׁ

שׁ TWOT GK Šin 21st letter (wicth שׂ); = 300 in postB. Hebrew.

שֶׁ· TWOT, also (†Gn 6:3 [? v. 4 a], Ju 5:7⁽⁾ Ct 1:7 Jb 19:29 [?]) שַׁ·, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה †Ju 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא †Ec 2:22, שְׁהֵם †3:18 (elsewhere before gutt. שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי †Ct 1:6 Ec 2:18, שֶׁאֵין †ψ 146:3, שֶׁהֵם †Ct 6:5 La 4:9, שֶׁעַל †Ju 7:12; 8:26, שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי †Ct 5:2) rel.part. who, which, that, etc. (constanlty in NH; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian šâ; Ph. אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew ^{181 b} Ol ^{p. 439} Sta ^{176 e}, abbrev. from אֲשֶׁר; more prob. (Sperling [v. אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{. 323 f.}) an original demonstr. part.), syn. with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Heb., and passages with N. Palest. colouring, viz. †Ju 5:7⁽⁾ [אֲשֶׁר v 27], 6:17; 7:12; 8:26 2 K 6:11 (v. 4 c), Jon 1:7, 12; 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 times], ψ 122:3, 4; 123:2; 124:1, 2, 6; 129:6, 7; 133:2, 3; 135:2, 8, 10; 136:23; 137:8, 9; 144:15; 146:3, 5 La 2:15, 16; 4:9; 5:18 Ezr 8:20 1 Ch 5:20; 27:27, Ct (uniformly, except in title 1:1), Ec (68 times; אֲשֶׁר 89 times); also (dub.) Gn 6:3; 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה G S T), Jb 19:29; and in the n.pr. (q.v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל.—In usage, שֶׁ· is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, viz. 1. as pron. who, which, whom, Ju 7:12 כַּחוֹל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (cf. חוֹל c), ψ 122:3; 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Ct 1:7; 3:1 1 Ch 27:27 Ec 1:11; 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (vb.) is that which his days amount to (Hi De al.), v 10; הוּא שֶׁ· that which 1:9⁽⁾; in the genit., אַשְׁרֵי שֶׁ· †ψ 137:8, 9; 146:5.—On מַה־שֶּׁ· in Ec = whatever, what, v. מָה 1 e b. 2. as a connecting link; = where (cf. אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ· †Ec 1:7; 11:3 (cf. מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר Gn 39:20 +: Ges ^{130 c}), whither ψ 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם …), when Ct 8:8 Ec 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁם (cf. ib. 4 b a). 3. as a conj. (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8);—a. that, after רָאָה Ec 2:13; 3:18, יָדַע 1:17; 2:14; 9:5 Jb 19:19 (? v. p. 192b), דִּבֶּר Ec 2:15, אָמַר 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Ju 6:17; as subj. of sentence, Ec 3:13; 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is … that? Ct 5:9 (usually כִּי; v. מָה 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ· how comes it that …? Ec 7:10; (b) Ct 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (Germ. kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ec 7:14 עַל דִּבְרַת שֶׁלֹא יִמְצָא to the intent that …, 5:15 כָּל־עֻמַּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as …, 12:9 יֹתֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ· (עד שַׁ· †Ju 5:7) until that ψ 123:2 Ct 2:7, 17 + (v. III. עַד II 1 a a and b; cf. NH Yoma 5:1), while 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ· to make or cause that …, †Ec 3:14 (cf. Ez 36:27). b. involving a reason (cf. אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Ct 1:6⁽⁾; 5:2 Ec 2:18b. Hence שַׁלָּמָה †Ct 1:7 since why? = lest (v. מָה 4 d b). 4. compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ·, i.q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ec 2:16; also (according to MT G S Hu De) Gn 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but v. שָׁגַג. b. כְּשֶׁ·, i.q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455:—(a) according as Ec 5:14; 12:7; (b) when (so often NH, as Ab 1:8⁽⁾, 14) 9:12; 10:3. c. מִשֶּׁ·, i.q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84a), 2 K 6:11 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kamp Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us? cf. G); Ec 5:4 than that (cf. מֵאֲשֶׁר 3:22), + 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; cf. 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁר לְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genit.: thrice, adding slight emph. to the sf., Ct 1:6 = 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (lit. my vineyard, which is mine), 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in NH, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיו שׁל־אהרן be of Aaron’s disciples, 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁל־מִצְוֹת, v 2, 3:2 הֲרֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁל־מלכות; cf. ܕܺܝܠ (dil) in Syriac, as Lk 6:42 ܡܶܠܰܝ ܕܺܝܠܝ (melay dily) my words, Nö ²²⁵). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל lit. through that which belongs to or concerns, pleon. for on account of (a late, unidiom. transl. of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onḳ Gn 12:13 בדילי on my account, 30:27; 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Ju 8:1 2 S 9:1 1 K 11:12, 39, etc.), Jon 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? (|| v 8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי: v. p. 84; prob. a gloss), v 12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (T בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ec 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that ( = seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiom. transl. of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gn 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, 39:9 בְּדִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Heb. בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palm. בדיל די Ldzb²³³,—in Tariff 1:4 (Cooke^{N.-Sem. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] v. [שׁוֹא].

†[שָׁאַב S TWOT^, GK] vb. draw (water) (NH id., also attract; Aramaic שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Arabic سَأَبَ (sa˒aba) be satisfied with drinking);—Qal Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּשְׁאַבְהֶּם Is 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁאַב Gn 24:20, -אָ֑ב v 45; 1 s. אֶשְׁאָ֑ב v 19, 44; 3 mpl. יִשְׁאֲבוּן Ru 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ 1 S 7:6 + 2 times; Imv. fs. שַׁאֲבִי Na 3:14; Pt. ms. שֹׁאֵב Dt 29:10, pl. cstr. שֹׁאֲבֵי Jos 9:21, 23, 27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Gn 24:11;—draw water, c. acc. מַיִם Gn 24:13 (J), 1 S 7:6; 9:11, + מִן of source 2 S 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:8, Is 12:3 (fig.); מֵי מָצוֹר שׁ׳ לָךְ Na 3:14; מַיִם om. Gn 24:20, 43, 45 and ( + ל of animals) v 19, 20, 41 (all J); c. acc. אֲשֶׁר Ru 2:9 drink of that which the young men draw; Pt. fpl. Gn 24:11 2 m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Dt 29:10 (servile labour, || חֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ), so mpl. Jos 9:21, 23, 27 (P; all c. ל, and all || חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים).

†[מַשְׁאָב S TWOT^, GK] n.[m.] appar. drawing-place of water; only pl. מַשְׁאַבִּים Ju 5:11.

†שָׁאַג S TWOT GK vb. roar (NH id.; Arabic ثَأَجَ (ṯa˒aja) low, bleat, Frey);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשׁ׳ Is 5:29 Kt consec. (>Qr יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Am 3:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַג Am 3:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹג Je 25:30; Pt. שֹׁאֵג Ju 14:5 ψ 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Ez 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Zp 3:3 ψ 104:21;— 1. roar, of lion Ju 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Am 3:4, 8 ψ 104:21 (c. ל of prey), fig. of invaders and foes Je 2:15 (c. עַל pers.) ψ 22:14, cf. 74:4, sim. Is 5:29 Je 51:38; fig. of rapacious rulers Zp 3:3 Ez 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶיהָ G and mod.); of י׳ (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Ho 11:10⁽⁾ (on text of v. see Now); of י׳ rearing in thunder Je 25:30a = Am 1:2 = Jo 4:16, also Je 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, sq. עַל־נָוֵהוּ); cf. יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Jb 37:4 (|| יַרְעֵם). 2. of human cry in distress ψ 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).

†שְׁאָגָה S TWOT GK n.f. roaring;— 1. like lion, abs. שׁ׳ Is 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, cstr. שַׁאֲגַת Zc 11:3 Jb 4:10 (fig. of wicked), sf. קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Ez 19:7 (fig. of conquering king). 2. human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגָתִי ψ 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳ 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Jb 3:24.

שֹׁאָה v. שׁוֹאָה sub שׁוא.

†I. [שָׁאָה S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ (šho) be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָׁאוּ Is 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Na 1:5 (p. 671^a). Niph. Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Is 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but G Lo Du Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3 mpl. יִשָּׁא֑וּן Is 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, || יֶהֱמָיוּן), v 13 (but del. as doublet Du Che Marti). Hiph. Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁאוֹת Is 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת 2 K 19:25 (Ges ^{23 f} Kö^{. 570}, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but v. Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

†שַׁאֲרָה S TWOT GK Kt, שׁוֹאָה S TWOT^, GK^, Qr, n.f. devastating storm;—sim. Pr 1:27 (|| סוּפָה). V. שׁוֹאָה, √ II. שׁוא.

†שְׁאִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. ruin;—Is 24:12 (late).

†שָׁאוֹן S TWOT GK^, n.m. Ho 10:14 roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳ Ho 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Is 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ 5:14;— 1. roar of water (waves), Is 17:12 (|| הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v 13, but del. Du Che Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v 12 (|| הָמוֹן), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Je 51:55; of waves also ψ 65:8⁽⁾; of din or crash of battle Am 2:2 Ho 10:14 ψ 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Je 48:45 (i.e. warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Je 25:31, cf. Is 66:6; of gathering hosts Is 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים 25:5 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as 13:11); read שׁ׳ also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) 2 K 19:28 = Is 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Je 46:17 פ׳ (G S B) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a Crash. 2. uproar of revellers Is 5:14; 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ ψ 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם 69:3, where also || יָוֵן); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Is 30:28).

†שֵׁאת S^, TWOT GK n.f. doubtful word; perhaps (for שֶׁאֶת) din of battle ( = שָׁאוֹן); Thes al. devastation, cf. שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳ La 3:47 (|| הַשָּׁ֑בֶר but We ^{2, 351}, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (according to Thes and most) שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Nu 24:17 (J) sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן in || Je 48:45); Vrss take שֵׁת here as n.pr.; Gray proposes שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je, cf. We ³⁵¹.

†II. [שָׁאָה S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. Hithp. gaze (appar. || form of שָׁעָה, q.v.);—Pt. ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Gn 24:21 (J) the man was gazing at her (Ges ^{130 a}).

[שָׁאט], שְׁאָט S TWOT GK v. II. שׁוּט.

שְׁאִיָּה S TWOT GK v. I. שׁאה.

שָׁאַל S TWOT GK₁₇₀ vb. ask, inquire (NH id.; Assyrian ša˒âlu, Arabic سَأَلَ (sa˒ala), Ethiopic ሰአለ (sa˒ala) Sab. מסאל request, petition, Hom ¹²⁴ Levy-Os ^{xix (1865), 165}; Aramaic ܫܶܐܠ (šel), שְׁאֵיל; Old Aramaic Zinj. שאל Ldzb³⁷¹, Nab. Hiph. lend Id.^ib.;—on שׁ׳ cf. Jastr ^{xix (1900), 82 ff.});—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ju 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Ju 8:26 + 2 times; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Nu 27:21; sf. וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Gn 32:18 (Ges ^{64 f}), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consec. Ju 4:20; 1 s. sf. שְׁאִלְתִּיו 1 S 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Ju 13:16; 3 pl. sf. שְׁאֵלוּנוּ ψ 137:3; 2 mpl. שְׁאֶלְתֶּם 1 S 12:13 (del. G Th We Dr and most), Jb 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּס־ consec. 1 S 25:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַל Ex 22:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁאַל Is 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Is 45:11 (< תִּשְׁאָלוּנִי Weir Che al.), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל Gn 43:7 +; cstr. לִשְׁאֹל Ju 1:14 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁאֵל 2 S 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת 1 K 2:20, 22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים 1 S 8:10; pass. שָׁאוּל 1:28 2 K 6:5;— 1. a. ask, ask for, acc. rei (vel pers.) Ju 5:25; 8:26 1 K 3:10 ψ 122:6 ( = pray for) +; שׁ׳ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת 1 K 19:4 Jon 4:8, i.e. pray for death, but Jb 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל pers. 1 K 2:22⁽⁾ + (ל pers. reflex.) 1 S 12:17, 19 +; c. מִן pers. Ju 8:24 (acc. cogn.), Ezr 8:22 Zc 10:1 +; sq. הָבִין 1 K 3:11; sq. cl. שׁ׳ מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ 1 K 3:5 = 2 Ch 1:7, cf. 2 K 2:9; c. acc. + מֵאֵת pers. 1 S 8:10 ψ 27:4 (from י׳) +; + מֵעִם pers. Is 7:11 (from י׳) +; c. acc. pers. (from whom) + rei †ψ 137:3; acc. om. Is 7:12 2 S 12:20 1 K 2:20 c. מִן pers. ψ 2:8; abs. Mi 7:3 ψ 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל 2 K 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—1 S 2:20 v. Hiph. b. specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (cf. לָוָה, as matter of business, v. Bu 1 S 1:28), Ex 22:13 (E; acc. rei + מֵעִם pers.), 2 K 4:3 (acc. rei + מִן of source + ל pers. reflex.), 6:5 (pt. pass. abs.); so also (according to many), c. acc. rei Ex 3:22 ( + מִן pers.) 11:2; 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת pers.; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. pass. שָׁאוּל לי׳ 1 S 1:28 (lent, granted) made over to י׳ (in effect pass. of Hiph., q.v.). c. in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), c. acc. 2 Ch 11:23 Ec 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Pr 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none. 2. a. inquire of, c. acc. pers. + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Gn 32:18 (E), 44:19 (J) +; c. וְאָמַר Ju 4:20, וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Gn 24:47 (J), Je 37:13; sq. וְאָמַר without acc. pers. Gn 32:30 (J), cf. 1 S 19:22, sq. לֵאמֹר Jos 4:6 (JE); c. acc. pers. + עַל rei Ne 1:2; עַל rei alone, Ec 7:10 ( + מֵחָכְמָה, i.e. prompted by wisdom); c. acc. pers. + rei (about which) 2 S 14:18 Is 45:11 + 4 times; acc. pers. + indir. ? Ju 13:6; c. acc. pers. only, Ju 8:14 1 S 25:8 Dt 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (acc.) Jb 12:7; c. acc. rei only, Je 50:5; c. ל pers. = acc. 2 K 8:6 (Kö ^{§ 289 h}); c. ל rei about which Gn 26:7 (J), 32:30 (J), Ju 13:18 2 S 11:7 Je 6:16 Jb 8:8, also ( + לאמר before the inquiry) Gn 43:7 (J), and (sq. direct question) Dt 4:32; c. ל pers. about whom, Gn 43:27 (J), cf. phr. of greeting, שׁ׳ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם Ex 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, cf. †Ju 18:15 1 S 10:4; 17:22; 25:5; 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ G S We Dr HPS Bu] 2 S 8:10 Je 15:5 1 Ch 18:10; sq. direct question only, 1 S 17:56 Je 18:13 (c. ב loc.), sq. indirect question only (c. אִם) Je 30:6; שׁ׳ אֶת־פִי פ׳ Gn 24:57 (J); abs. make inquiry Dt 13:15 ( + דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר). †b. inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr ^{xix (1900), 88 ff.}), sq. acc. פִּי י׳ Jos 9:14 (JE), Is 30:2, י׳ 65:1 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hex only (acc. om.), Nu 27:21 (P; c. ל pers. for whom, + ב instr.), cf. Jos 19:50; also שׁ׳ אוֹב Dt 18:11 (pt. as subst.; Jäger ^{ii. 292} cp. Assyrian maššaku ša šâ˒ili, i.e. 3, cf. Jastr ^{xix (1900), 96 ff.}); c. acc. of human agent 1 S 28:16 Je 38:14, 27; usually (ancinet usage, chiefly Ju Sm) שׁ׳ בי׳ לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps orig. local, so GFM, or instr.), Ju 1:1; 20:23 1 S 23:2; 30:8 2 S 2:1; 5:19 = 1 Ch 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. 1 S 10:22 (sq. direct question), 22:10 (ל pers. for whom), 23:4; 28:6 2 S 5:23 = 1 Ch 14:14 Ju 20:27; שׁ׳ בֵּאלֹהִים Ju 18:5; 20:18 1 S 14:37 (sq. direct question), also (ל pers. for whom), 22:13, 15; שׁ׳ בִּדְבַר הָא׳ 2 S 16:23; likewise שׁ׳ בְּעֵצוֹ Ho 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Ez 21:26, בָּאוֹב 1 Ch 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Dt 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳), Jastr. †Niph. ask for oneself (Ges ^{51 e}), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן pers.: Pf. 3 ms. + Inf. abs. נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל 1 S 20:6 (sq. inf.), v 28 (sq. עַד; ? ins. ל inf. HPS); Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ Ne 13:6 (abs.). †Pi. 1. inquire carefully: Impf. 3 mpl. †Qal Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ 2 S 20:18 (Bu proposes Qal Impf. יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב loc.; on foll. context v. We Dr HPS Bu. 2. beg, practise beggary, Pf. 3 pl. וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consec.) ψ 109:10. Hiph. (proposes let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Pf. 1 s. sf. הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳ 1 S 1:28 I have made him over to י׳ (cf. Dr HPS Bu and Qal Pt. pass., ib.); perhaps also read 3 fs. הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳ 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳ (for שָׁאַל לי׳) Bu HPS (after G in part; other conj. in Dr); Impf. 3 mpl. sf. rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Ex 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.

†שְׁאָל S GK n.pr.m. with foreign wife, Ezr 10:29, G Σαλουια, GL Ασσαηλ.

†שָׁאוּל S GK n.pr.m. (= asked (of י׳), cf. שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל infr.; Palm. n.pr. שאילא Lzb³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³);—Σαουλ: 1. ₃₉₇ 1st king of Isr., 1 S 9:2, 3⁽⁾, 5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 times Sm, 28 times 1 Chr, ψ 18:1; 52:2; 54:2; 57:1; 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳ Is 10:29 (and 1 S 11:4; 15:34; 2 S 21:6 v. ii. גִּבְעָה). † 2. a king of Edom Gn 36:37, 38 (P) = 1 Ch 1:48, 49. † 3. a son of Simeon Gn 46:10 Ex 6:15 Nu 26:13 (all P) = 1 Ch 4:24. † 4. a Levite 1 Ch 6:9.

†שָֽׁאוּלִי S GK adj.gent. of 3 supra: c. art. = n.pr.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:13 (P).

שְׁאָ֫לָה S TWOT GK Is 7:11 v. שְׁאוֹל 1.

†שְׁאֵלָה S^, TWOT^, GK [i. שֵׁלָה S GK^, ] n.f. request, thing asked for;—שְׁא׳ Ju 8:24 +; sf. שְׁאֵלָתִי 1 S 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתִי Jb 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Est 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ 1 S 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם ψ 106:15;— 1. request, petition, Ju 8:24 1 K 2:16, 20 (both acc. cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Est 5:6, 7 (c. נָתַן = grant), 7:2, 3; 9:12. This passes easily into 2. thing asked for, 1 S 2:20, c. נָתַן 1:17, 27 Est 5:8 ψ 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ Jb 6:8.—ii. שֵׁלָה v. infr. אֶשְׁתָּאֹל n.pr.m., v. p. 84a.

†[מִשְׁאָלָה S TWOT GK] n.f. request, petition;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁאֲלֹת לִבֶּ֑ךָ ψ 37:4 (c. נָתַן of י׳); sf. מִשְׁאֲלוֹתֶיךָ 20:6 (c. מִלֵּא, of י׳).

†שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל S^, GK n.pr.m. (I have asked (him) of God; on acc. cf. (late) ψ 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel according to 1 Ch 3:17 (cf. v 18, 19); but Z.’s father Hg 1:1; 2:23 Ez 3:2, 8 Ne 12:1 (attempts at explan. in Be Kit Benz).—Σαλαθιηλ.

†שְׁאוֹל S TWOT GK, שְׁאֹל n.f. ψ 86:13 (appar. m. Jb 26:6 cf. Is 14:9, v. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 51}) Sh^e˒ôl, underworld (√ dub.; שׁאל, i.e. place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr ^{xiv. 170, xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Leben n. d. Tode 109} ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Thes Bö^{De § 158} Di al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conj. v. Hup Ps. 6:6 De Is. 5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe, 1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ (šyul); Assyrian šu-alu is dub.: so read and interpr. Dl ^{121; . 47, 145} Jastr ^{xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib.^s.v.; opp. by Bertin ^{viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol. 223 ff.} Zim ^{3. 636} al.; v. also Muss-Arnolt ^{xi (1892), 169} and reff.);—always abs., שְׁאוֹל Dt 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Gn 42:38 ψ 9:18; שְׁאֹל 1 K 2:6 Jb 17:16, ה—ָ Gn 37:35 + 7 times; + Is 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most);— 1. the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Dt 32:22, מִתַּחַת Is 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Pr 15:24; || מָוֶת 5:5; 7:27 Ct 8:6 ψ 89:49; whither men descend at death, Gn 37:35 (E), 42:38; 44:29, 31 (J), 1 S 2:6 1 K 2:6, 9 Jb 7:9; 21:13 Is 14:11, 15 ψ 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Nu 16:30, 33 (J), cf. ψ 55:16; under mts. and sea Jb 26:6 (cf. v 5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jon 2:3 (cf. v 7); with bars Jb 17:16 (si vera l.: v. G Du); פִּי שׁ׳ ψ 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Is 38:10; personif. Is 28:15, 18 (|| מות) as insatiable monster 5:14 Hb 2:5 Pr 1:12; 27:20; 30:16; as said (fig.) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, ψ 18:6 = 2 S 22:6, cf. מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ ψ 116:3; opp. (height of) שָׁמַיִם Am 9:2 Jb 11:8 ψ 139:8 + (opp. לְמָ֑עְלָה) Is 7:11 (v. supra); dark, gloomy, without return Jb 17:13 (cf. v 16 7:9; 10:21; 16:22; all being alike 3:17–19; 21:23–26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ec 9:5, 6, 10 (cf. Jb 14:21, and v. רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet cf. Is 14:9f.). 2. condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than 1 S 28, especially in WisdLt): a. wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה ψ 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away 49:15⁽⁾; שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Jb 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) ψ 6:6 (cf. 88:6), Is 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing ψ 30:4; 86:13 Pr 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ez 31:15, 16, 17; 32:21, 27. b. righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ ψ 16:10 (|| שַׁחַת q.v.; opp. אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v 11, cf. 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ 49:16 (cf. 73:23, 25 Is 57:1, 2); cf. Job’s expectation and desire Jb 14:13; 17:13 (cf. 10:21; 19:25 f.). 3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳: a. depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Pr 9:18. b. שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Pr 15:11, v. אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.v., when || שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (ψ 88:4); prob. = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB Judaism and NT.] 4. שׁ׳ fig. of extreme degradation in sin Is 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Ho 13:14⁽⁾ (cf. Is 26:19).

†[שָׁאַן S TWOT GK] vb. Pa˓l. (Ges ^{55 d}) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ (šayen) pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ (šayno), Ethiopic ስንእ (sən˒) peace);—Pf. 3 ms. שַׁאֲנַן Je 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. 30:10 +; 3 pl. שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Jb 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Je 30:10 = 46:27; 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Pr 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Jb 3:18.

שְׁאָן S GK v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

†שַׁאֲנָן S^, TWOT GK^, adj. at ease, secure (Ba ^{§ 143 a} Ges ^{84 b k});—abs. שׁ׳ Is 33:20; pl. שַׁאֲנַנִּים Am 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Is 32:9, 11, 18;— 1. at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Is 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), cf. מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ 32:18 (|| מִבְטַחִים). 2. as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune, Jb 12:5. 3. at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Am 6:1 Is 32:9, 11 Zc 1:15 ψ 123:4. 4. as subst. abstr. = arrogance: sf. שַׁאֲנַנְךָ 2 K 19:28 (|| הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Is 37:29, but <שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Bu ^{xii (1892), 36} Gr Che Marti Kit (perhaps), Bur. Cf. שׁלאנן.

שׁאסיך Je 30:16 Kt v. שׁסס, שׁסה.

†I. שָׁאַף S TWOT^, GK^, vb. gasp, pant, pant after, long for (so T Jb 7:2);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְשָׁאַף consec. Jb 5:5, 3 fs. שָֽׁאֲפָה Je 2:24, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ 14:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַף Jb 7:2, etc.; Pt. act. שׁוֹאֵף Ec 1:5;— 1. gasp, as a woman in travail, fig. of י׳, Is 42:14 (|| נָשַׁם); pant after, snuff up the wind (acc.), of wild ass Je 2:24; 14:6; constr. praegn. וְאֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ שׁ׳ Ec 1:5 unto his place he panteth (comes panting), of sun under fig. of racer. 2. gasp or pant with desire ψ 119:131 (|| יָאֶב); pant after, be eager for, c. acc. Jb 5:5 (cf. צַמִּים p. 855b), 7:2 (|| יְקַזֶּה), 36:20 (but obscure in context).

†II. [שָׁאַף S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. crush, trample upon (|| form of שׁוּף (q.v.), if pointing right, cf. Kö^{. 439}; We Now read שָׁאפִים, etc., from שׁוּף, cf. Ges^{72 p}; perhaps orig. pulverize by rubbing, but also appar. by pounding, stamping, treading, Levy שׁוּף, Jastr^Dict. שׁוּף, שׁאף;—most make = I. שׁאף, but Vrss render as above);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. שְׁאָפַ֫נִי ψ 56:2, 3 pl. שָֽׁאֲפוּ v 3; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹף Ez 36:3; Pt. sf. שֹׁאֲפִי ψ 57:4; pl. שֹׁאֲפִים Am 2:7; 8:4;—trample upon, crush (the poor, etc.), fig., c. acc. pers. Am 8:4; strangely 2:7 (We Now Marti del. עַל־עֲפַר־אֶרֶץ, which Torrey ^{xv (1896), 152} expl. as old doublet, cf. G S; AV RV pant after the dust, etc., hyperb. for extreme avarice, cf. Hi Dr; but Dr thinks B poss. original: crush the heads of the poor upon the dust [cf. Is 3:15], in any case del. בְּ after שׁ׳ crush); שַׁמּוֹת וְשׁ׳ אֶתְכֶם מִסָּבִיב Ez 36:3; ψ 56:2; 57:4 and (acc. om.) 56:3.

I. שָׁאַר S TWOT GK₁₃₃ vb. remain, be left over (syn. יָתַר) (NH id.; T שְׁאַר; Sab. סאר remaining Hom ¹²⁴; Arabic سَأَرَ, سَىِٔرَ (sa˒ara, sa˒ira) be left over, Lane, cf. Lag ^{1889, 297}; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nab. שארית, v. Lzb³⁷¹ SAC¹¹⁰);—†Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 1 S 16:11 the youngest still remains. Niph.₉₃ Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁאַר Gn 47:18 +; 3 fs. נִשְׁאֲרָה Jos 13:1 Dn 10:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁאֵר Is 11:11, 16, וַיִּשָּׁ֫אֶר Gn 7:23, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁאָר Gn 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Ez 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hi Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Sm; del. G Hi Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Ex 10:5 2 Ch 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֑רֶת Jos 13:2, etc.;— 3. be left over (sometimes || נוֹתַר) Ex 8:27; 10:19; 14:28 (all J), Jos 11:22 (D), Ju 7:3 2 S 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. לֹא נ׳ זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 there were left only, etc., לֹא נ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳ Gn 47:18 (J); sq. acc. adv. (Ges ^{118 q}), or appos., Dt 4:27 Ezr 9:15, cf. נ׳ בִּמְתֵי מְעָ֑ט Dt 28:62 (Ges ^{119 i}); sometimes c. ב loc. Ex 8:5, 7 (J), Je 38:22 +; c. אֵת (prep. loc.) †Jos 23:7, 12 (D); c. מִן = be left from (of) †Ex 10:5 (J), Dt 3:11 Jos 13:12 (D), Is 11:11, 16 Je 8:3a (pt.; v b del. הַנּי G S Hi Gf Gie Co), Ne 1:2, 3, נ׳ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה Je 42:2; c. לְ to or for, †2 K 10:11, 17 (pt.), Zc 9:7 2 Ch 21:17, הַנּ׳ לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד Ex 10:5, cf. 2 Ch 30:6 and (ב loc. for ל) Je 21:7; c. בְּ, in, among, of, †1 S 11:11 Is 17:6 Je 34:7; 37:10 Lv 26:36, 39 (H; pt.), 25:52 (P; of years), even הַנּ׳ בַּדָּם 5:9 (P) the rest of the blood; c. עַל †1 S 5:4; c. inf. נ׳ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ †Jos 13:1 (D); = be left alive, survive, †Gn 7:23 (J), Ez 9:8 (but on text v. supr.); הַנּ׳ = the survivors, †Gn 14:10 1 S 11:11 Ez 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית) Is 4:3 (ב loc.; || הַנּוֹתָר), 2 Ch 34:21 (ב loc.).—הַנּ׳ 1 S 9:24 is dub.; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Bu; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS. 4. be left behind, Ex 10:26 (E), Nu 11:26 (JE); c. לְבַדּוֹ Gn 42:38 (J), cf. Is 49:21 Dn 10:8; of widow Ru 1:3, †מִן of the dead v 5. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁאִיר Ex 10:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁאִיר Dt 28:51, 1 pl. נַשְׁאֵר 1 S 14:36 (Ges ^{48 g; 109 d} Kö^{p. 466 f.}), etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁאִיר Ezr 9:8, v. also infr.;— 1. leave over, spare, c. acc. Ex 10:12 (E), 2 K 25:22 Je 49:9 = Ob 5, Jos 11:14 (D), Ju 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳ Je 50:20; especially לֹא הִשׁ׳ שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Jos 10:28, cf. v 30, 37, 39, 40 (all D), so עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ (sometimes c. ל pers.) Nu 21:35 (E) = Dt 3:3, cf. Dt 2:34 Jos 8:22; 11:8 (both JE), 10:33 (D), 2 K 10:11, and מִבְּלִי הִשׁ׳ לוֹ כֹּ֑ל Dt 28:55 (in all these read Inf. cstr. הַשׁ׳ v. Dr Dt 3:3; 7:24); c. ב, among, of, 1 S 14:36, ב loc. 1 K 19:18 Zp 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also 2 K 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kit אֲנָשִׁים, cf. Klo Benz); c. לְ pers. Dt 28:51 1 K 15:29; 16:11 2 K 13:7 Ezr 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, 2 K 10:14, מִן part. 1 S 25:22 2 K 25:12 = Je 52:16, Je 39:10. 2. leave or keep over (מִן part.) till morning Nu 9:12 (P). 3. תַּשׁ׳ מֵאָה Am 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, cf. v 3. 4. leave as a gift, וְהִשׁ׳ אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה Jo 2:14.—We Now read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Mal 2:15, v. שְׁאָר.

†שְׁאָר S^, TWOT^, GK n.m. Is 16:14 rest, residue, remnant ( = יֶתֶר, especially Is. and late; on form Kö^{. 1, 141} Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. W. 30});—שׁ׳ abs. Is 14:22 +, cstr. Is 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Is 10:19, silver 2 Ch 24:14, city 1 Ch 11:8, territory Est 9:12; שׁ׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמהֹ 2 Ch 9:29 (יֶתֶר in || 1 K 11:41, and usually in like phrase, v. p. 451 f.); of men 1 Ch 16:41 Ezr 3:8; 4:3, 7 Ne 10:29; 11:1, 20 Est 9:16; of Moab Is 16:14, Aram 17:3 ( = last remnant), archers of Kedar 21:17; = posterity, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ וְנִין וָנֶכֶד Is 14:22 (of Babylon); שׁ׳ הַבַּעַל Zp 1:4, i.e. Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (so We al.; G שֵׁם, cf. Schwally Now GASm); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Gie^{Beiträge 37 f.}) Is 10:20 (|| פְּלֵיטָה), v 21⁽⁾, 22; 11:11, 16; 28:5.—וּשׁ׳ רוּחַ לוֹ Mal 2:15 is obscure; read וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳ לָנוּ We Now, cf. GASm.

†שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב S GK n.pr.m. of Isaiah’s son Is 7:3 (= a remnant shall return, cf. 10:21; G ὁ καταλειφθεὶς Ἰασουβ).

†שְׁאֵרִית S TWOT GK n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder ( = שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳ abs. 2 S 14:7 +, cstr. Ez 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Ges ^{23 f}) 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v 38); sf. שְׁאֵרִיתֵךְ Is 14:30 Ez 5:10, -תוֹ Is 44:17, -תָם Je 15:9;— 1. rest, what is left, of wood Is 44:17, land 15:9 (|| פְּלֵיטָה), Je 47:4, 5 Ez 25:16; שׁ׳ חֵמֹת ψ 76:11 is difficult (Gr [cf. Che] proposes חֲמָת Hamath, Du אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Je 39:3, of nations ( = the other nations, Toy) Ez 36:3, 4, 5; of Israel 1 Ch 12:39 (van d. H. v 38), 2 Ch 34:9 Ne 7:71 (van d. H. v 72); = last remnant of people, Philistines Am 1:8 (cf. We), Is 14:30, Edom Am 9:12, Anathoth Je 11:23, Ashdod 25:20, Babylon 50:26, Amalek 1 Ch 4:43 ( + הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. 2 K 21:14 Je 6:9; 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Am 5:15 Je 8:3; 24:8; 40:11, 15; 41:10, 16; 42:2, 15, 19; 43:5; 44:12, 14, 28 Ez 5:10; 9:8; 11:13 Hag 1:12, 14; 2:2; even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳ Mi 4:7 (as promise, || גּוֹי עָצוּם, cf. Gie^{Beiträge, 42 f.}); = survivors Je 44:7, הַשּׁ׳ מִן־הַחֶרֶב 2 Ch 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., cf. שְׁאָר ad fin.), 2 K 19:4 = Is 37:4, 2 K 19:31 (|| פְּלֵיטָה) = Is 37:32 (|| id.), Mi 2:12; 5:6, 7; 7:18 Ezr 9:14 (|| id.), Is 46:3 Je 23:3; 31:7 Zp 2:7, 9 (|| יֶתֶר), 3:13 Zc 8:6, 11, 12. 2. remainder = descendants ( = שְׁאָר Is 14:22): Gn 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ 2 S 14:7.

II. שׁאר S TWOT GK (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šêru, Pun. שאד, flesh, Arabic ثَأْرٌ (ṯa˒run) 2, so Sab. תֿאר, Sab.Denkm. ^{5, l.7}; perhaps orig. blood (cf. Je 51:35), Nö ^{xi (1886), 723} and Id. ¹⁰¹, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܻܐܪܳܬܳܐ (tiroto) conscience, mind, etc., perhaps proposes midriff, cf. Hoffm).

†שְׁאֵר S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. ψ 73:26 flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. Hoffm ^{iii (1883), 107}, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 78:20, 27, cstr. Mi 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Je 51:35 ψ 73:26, etc.;— 1. flesh: a. as food, Ex 21:10 (HPS also 1 S 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), ψ 78:20 (|| לֶחֶם), v 27 (|| עוֹף בָּנָף); fig. Mi 3:2 (|| עוֹר), v 3 (|| id.), Je 51:35 (|| דָּם). b. fig. for physical power ψ 73:26 ( + לֵבָב), Pr 5:11 ( + בָּשָׂר). 2. in HP = flesh- ( = blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Lv 18:12, cf. v 13; 20:19, also 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, G Ew Dr-Wh; cf. Di Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו 21:2 Nu 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Lv 18:6; 25:49. 3. = self, Pr 11:17 (|| נֶפֶשׁ).

שַׁאֲרָה S TWOT GK Lv 18:17 v. שְׁאֵר 2.

†שֶׁאֱרָה S GK n.pr.f. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳ 1 Ch 7:24 (v. also n.pr.loc. אֻזֵּן שׁ׳ p. 25a supr.); G^b ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but GL (cf. G^a) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.

מִשְׁאֶרֶת S TWOT GK v. p. 602a supr.

שֵׁאת S^, TWOT GK v. שׁאה.

†שְׁבָא S GK n.pr.gent. et terr. Sh^ebâ, in SW. Arabia (Sab. סבא DHM ^{xxxvii (1883), 9}, סבא vb. = make campaign Mordt ⁷² or expedition Sab.Denkm. ^{12, 1, 5, 14}; cf. DSMargoliouth ^sheba F.B. ^sheba and reff.);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳ 1 K 10:1, 4, 10, 13 = 2 Ch 9:1, 3, 9, 12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳ ψ 72:10; famous for trade, רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳ Ez 27:22, 23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳ Jb 6:19 (|| תֵּמָא); yielding costly wares Ez 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳ ψ 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳ Je 6:20 (|| מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק, cf. foll.), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Is 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Gn 10:28 (J) = 1 Ch 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Gn 25:3 (J?) = 1 Ch 1:32 (i.e. a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.v.), but from כּוּשׁ Gn 10:7 (P) = 1 Ch 1:9; marauders, N. Arabia, Jb 1:15.

†[שְׁבָאִי] adj.gent. only pl. as subst., לִשְׁבָאִים (Baer Ginsb שְׁבָא֯יִם Jo 4:8 (|| אֶל־גּוֹי רָהוֹק, cf. Je 6:20 supr.), > G Me Now לַשְּׁבִי into captivity.

I. שׁבב TWOT^, (NH שָׁבב Pi. hew; Arabic سَبَّ (sabba) cut, Aramaic (Talm.) שִׁבָּא splinter, cf. Mand. dim. שאבוניא Nö ¹⁴⁰).

†שְׁבָבִים S TWOT GK n.[m.]pl. probably splinters;—שׁ׳ יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן Ho 8:6 (cf. We; Vrss appar. conjecture).

II. שׁבב TWOT^, (Assyrian šabâbu, blaze, cf. Syriac ܫܰܒ (šab) burn, ܫܒܺܝܒܳܐ (šbibo) ray, flash (Lexx., cf. PS); Arabic شَبَّ (šabba) is blaze up (cf. BA ⁵⁰), but ش (š) = שׁ? (Another etymology in Ber Dn 3:22)).

†[שָׁבִיב S TWOT GK] n.m. probably flame (Biblical Aramaic שְׁבִיב);—cstr. וְלֹא יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5 (|| אוֹר); so Ecclus 8:10; 45:19.

שָׁבָה S TWOT GK₄₇ vb. take captive (NH, Old Aramaic id.; Arabic سَبَا (سبى) (sabā (sby)); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ (šbo));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Je 41:14; sf. וְשָׁבָם (consec.) 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conj. וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2 ms. שָׁבִיתָ 2 K 6:22 ψ 68:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁבְּ Nu 21:1 Je 41:10, etc.; Imv. ms. וּשְׁבֵה Ju 5:12; Inf. cstr. שְׁבוֹת Ob 11; Pt. act. pl. שֹׁבִים Is 14:2, etc.; pass. mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Is 61:1, fpl. cstr. שְׁבֻיוֹת Gn 31:26;—take captive: 1. a. c. acc. pers., Nu 24:22 (JE), 1 S 30:2 2 K 5:2; 6:22 ( + ב instr.) Je 41:10⁽⁾ (but v 10b Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, cf. G Luc), v 14, Gn 34:29 (P), 2 Ch 28:8 ( + מִן part.), + 6 times; + Je 43:12 appar. c. acc. idols (but v. supra; acc. of land Gie). b. acc. חֵילוֹ Ob 11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ 2 Ch 21:17, cattle, etc., 1 Ch 5:21 2 Ch 14:14. c. pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Is 14:2; pt. c. sf. = their captives, etc., 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36, Is 14:2 Je 50:33, + 5 times; pt. pass. Is 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Gn 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword. 2. c. acc. cogn. שְׁבִי Ju 5:12 lead captive thy captives, cf. ψ 68:19 2 Ch 28:17, so ( + מִן pers.) Nu 21:1 (JE), and (acc. שִׁבְיָה) 2 Ch 28:5, 11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10 = take him captive. †Niph. be taken captive: Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבָּה, of man Gn 14:14, of beast Ex 22:9 (E), of עֵדֶר י׳ Je 13:17; 3 pl. נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. 1 S 30:3, 5 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Ez 6:9.

†שְׁבִי S TWOT GK n.m. Is 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 12:29 +, cstr. Ezr 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Nu 21:1 +; sf. שֶׁבְיְךָ Ju 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Nu 31:19, etc.;— 1. = state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Am 9:4 Dt 28:41 Na 3:10 Je 20:6; 22:22; 30:16 Ez 12:11 ( + בַּגּוֹלָה), 30:17, 18 Is 46:2 La 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v 5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Dn 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezr 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳ ψ 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי Je 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶּׁ֑בִי Je 15:2; 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳ 2 Ch 29:9; בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Dn 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Je 30:10; 16;Eze 30:17 2 Ch 6:37, 38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Ne 1:2, cf. v 3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezr 2:1 = Ne 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳ Ezr 3:8; 8:35. 2. act of capture, עִם שׁ׳ סוּסֵיכֶם Am 4:10 שִׂמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Dt 21:13 i.e. garb in which she was captured (> others captivity in both: Am 4:10 = your captive horses; Dt 21:13 her captive’s garb). 3. = captives (coll.): Ex 12:29 (J), Nu 31:12, 19, 26 (man and beast), Is 20:4 (|| גָּלוּת), 49:24, 25 Hb 1:9 + Ez 32:9 G al. (v. שֶׁבֶר ad fin.); appar. fs. Is 52:2 (but v. שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.v.) Ju 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ S JDMich We Bu Now), Nu 21:1 (JE), Dt 21:10 ψ 68:19 2 Ch 28:17.

†[שָׁבִי GK adj. vel n.m. whence] שְׁבִיָּה n.f. captive (cf. Rahlfs^{עני u. ענו in} Psalm., 63);—שׁ׳ בַּת־צִיּוֹן Is 52:2b (Bev ^{JPhll. xvii (1888), p. 127} ingeniously, שְׁבִי הַבַּת וגו׳, cf. || שְׁבִי v a, and, on הַבּ׳, La 2:13); read also שׁ׳ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ v a (for שְׁבִי) Oort Bu Du Che Marti

†שִׁבְיָה S TWOT GK n.f. captivity, captives (coll.), cf. שְׁבִי;—always abs. שׁ׳;— 1. state of captivity, Je 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, || שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Ne 3:36. 2. body of captives, Dt 21:11; 32:42 (|| חָלָל), 2 Ch 28:13, 14, 15; object of שָׁבָה, v 5 (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v 11.

†שְׁבִית S TWOT GK^, , שְׁבוּת S TWOT GK n.f. id. (√ שׁבה G Thes SS Preusschen ^{xv (1895), 1 ff.} Krae Ez 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ew ^{(1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b} Ol ^{412, 417} Bö ⁴⁶⁴ Kue ^{TTijdschr vii. 519 ff.} Oort^{Ib. xiv. 157} Schwally ^{viii (1888), 200} al.; Kö^{. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i} thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, cf. Ew ^{166 b});—abs. שְׁבִית Nu 21:29; cstr. שְׁבוּת Ho 6:11 +, sf. שְׁבוּתְךָ Dt 30:3, שְׁבִיתְהֶן Ez 16:53a (v. infr.), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Zp 3:20 (read -תְכֶם Now GASm), etc. [MT has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 times, + Kt (שְׁבִית Qr) Zp 2:7 ψ 85:2; 126:4 + Ez 16:53 a (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kt et Qr, v. his note), + Qr (Kt שׁבית) Je 29:14; 49:39 Ez 16:53 b, c + v d (but < read וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו Vrss Comm.), La 2:14 Jb 42:10; שְׁבִית Kt et Qr Nu 21:29, שְׁבִיתַיִךְ Ez 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵךְ); שְׁבִית prob. earlier Ew; ^{186 b} al. ψ 126:1 read prob. שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת];— 1. in cl. נָתַן בַּשִּׁבִית Nu 21:29 (JE) give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, || פְּלֵיטִם of sons, cf. Je 48:46); cf. (perhaps) La 1:7 (v. [מִשְׁבָּת] sub שׁבת). 2. in phr. restore the captivity of, acc. after שׁוּב, הֵשִׁיב, י׳ subj. [vb. Qal Dt 30:3 + 15 times, + Ez 16:53d ψ 126:1 (v. supr.); Hiph. Je 32:44 + 5 times, + Qal Kt, Hiph. Qr, Je 33:26 + 2 times]: a. of Isr. (or Judah) Ho 6:11 (G joins to 7:1, so as gloss, We Now), Zp 2:7; 3:20 Dt 30:3 Je 29:14; 30:3, 18 (שׁ׳ אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב), 31:23; 32:44; 33:7⁽⁾, 11 (שׁ׳ הָאָרֶץ), v 26 La 2:14 (subj. proph.), Ez 16:53 a, c, d (on text v. supr.), 39:25 Am 9:14 Jo 4:1 ψ 14:7 = 53:7, 85:2; 126:1 (v. supr.), v 4. b. of other nations Je 48:47 (cf. v 46), 49:6, 39 Ez 29:14 (cf. v 13). c. appar. in more gen. sense, restore fortunes of Sodom Ez 16:53 b (Krae, cf. foll.). d. restore fortunes of individuals, Jb 42:10.

†שְׁבוֹ S TWOT GK n.[f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ dub.; = Assyrian šubû; G B agate);—Ex 28:19 = 39:12 ( + לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

†שֹׁבִי S GK n.pr.m. appar. Ammonite prince, וְשׁ׳ 2 S 17:27, G Ουεσβει, GL καὶ Ζεφεει.

†שֹׁבָ֑י n.pr.m. in post-ex.. Israel Ezr 2:42 = Ne 7:45, G Αβαου (Ezr), Σαβει, A (Ezr) GL Σωβαι.

†שְׁבוּאֵל S GK, שְׁבֻאֵל n.pr.m. son of Gershom 1 Ch 23:16; 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳), = שׁוּבָאֵל 24:20⁽⁾, of Herman 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v 20 (cf. Benz on these lists).—G in all usually Σουβαηλ, GL usually —βιηλ.

†[תִּשְׁבֶּה GK] n.pr.loc. (from above √?);—read prob. מִתִּשְׁבֵּה גִלְעָד (or תִּשְׁבֵּי) 1 K 17:1 (for MT מִתּשָׁבֵי) G ἐκ Θεσβῶν (GL Θεσσεβῶν) τῆς Γαλααδ, so Jos; Ew Th We Kmp Benz Kit Burney al.; home of Elijah; v. Kasteren ^{xiii (1890), 207 ff.} cp. mod. Istib, in mts. of Ajlûn, so Buhl ²⁵⁷.

†תִּשְׁבִּי S GK adj.gent., אֵלִיָּהוּ הַתּ׳ 1 K 17:1; 21:17, 28 2 K 1:3, 8; 9:36;—ὁ Θεσβ(ε)ίτης.

†I. [שָׁבַח S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ (sabaḫa) be free from care, etc., Jen ^{i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268}, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so BA ⁹ Schulth);—Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Pr 29:11 he stilleth it, i.e. רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2 ms. sf. תְּשַׁבְּחֵם ψ 89:10 thou stillest them, i.e. waves (|| גֵּאוּת הַיָּם). Hiph. Pt. prob. Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים ψ 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

†II. [שָׁבַח S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. Pi. laud, praise (late Aramaism, cf. Aramaic (incl. Old Aramaic) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ (šbḥ), Pa. praise; v. Schwally ⁹¹ Schulth);— 1. laud, praise God (י׳): Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁבְּח֑וּנְךָ ψ 63:4 (|| בֵּרַךְ); Imv. fs. שַׁבְּחִי 147:12, mpl. sf. שַׁבְּח֫וּהוּ 117:1 (both || הִלֵּל); his works, Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבַּח 145:4 (|| הִגִּיד). 2. commend, congratulate, the dead, Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּחַ Ec 4:2 (Ges ^{113 gg}; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, Pf. 1 s. שִׁבַּחְתִּי Ec 8:15. Hithp. boast of (בְּ): Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ ψ 106:47 = 1 Ch 16:35, G (ἐλ)καυχᾶσθαι ἐν.

†יִשְׁבַּח n.pr.m. in Judah (?; cf. Lag ¹³¹);—1 Ch 4:17; Μαρεθ, A Ιεσαβα, GL Ιασαφατ.

שׁבט TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šabâṭu, smite, slay, šibṭu, rod, sceptre; NH שֵׁבֶט = BH, also שָׁבַט beat (denom.? so Nö ^{xi (1886), 736}, but too sceptical); Sab. סבטם rod, blow, Sab.Denkm. ^{21, l. 5}; Aramaic שִׁבְטָא, ܫܰܒܛܳܐ (šabṭo) = BH; loan-word in Egyptian demot. šbtë, pl.hierogl. ša-b-dï-y, WMM ⁸⁹; Lewy ¹²² cp. σπάθη).

שֵׁ֫בֶט S TWOT GK₁₈₉ n.m. Nu 24:17 (f. Ez 21:15, 18 but corrupt): 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 49:10 +, cstr. 1 S 10:20 +; שָׁ֑בֶט Dt 1:23 +; sf. שִׁבְטוֹ Ju 21:24 +, etc.; pl. שְׁבָטִים 1 K 11:31 +, cstr. שִׁבְטֵי Gn 49:16 +, sf. שְׁבָטֶיךָ Dt 12:14 +, etc.;—† 1. a. rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (especially הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳) Ex 21:20 (E), Mi 4:14 Is 10:15 (in sim.; || מַטֶּה), Pr 10:13 +; שׁ׳ מוּסָר 22:15, cf. 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Is 28:27 (|| מַטֶּה); as (inferior) weapon (opp. חֲנִית 2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23 (cf. מַקֵּל 1 S 17:40, 43); fig. of י׳’s chastisement: national Is 10:24; 30:31 (both || מַטֶּה), 14:29, שׁ׳ אַפִּי 10:5, שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ La 3:1; individual Jb 9:34; 21:9 (שׁ׳ אֱלוֹהַּ), 37:13, 2 S 7:14 (שׁ׳ אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. not in-human), ψ 89:33 (both || נְנָעִים). b. shaft, i.e. spear, dart, 2 S 18:14, but < read שְׁלָתִים, G βέλη, Th We Kit HPS Bu. c. shepherd’s implement, club, ψ 23:4 (|| מִשְׁעֶנֶת), רֶעֵה בְשׁ׳ Mi 7:14 (both fig. of י׳); used in mustering or counting sheep Ez 20:37 (fig.), Lv 27:32 (cf. Je 33:13), v. Mackie ^rod. d. truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, שׁ׳ סֹפֵר Ju 5:14, שׁ׳ מֹשְׁלִים Is 14:5 (|| מַטֶּה), Gn 49:10 (poem in J; || מְחֹקֵק), Zc 10:11 ψ 45:7⁽⁾ Ez 19:11, 14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵךְ שׁ׳ Am 1:5, 8; as symbol of conquest Nu 24:17 (JE); שׁ׳ בַּרְזֶל ψ 2:9 (of Mess. king); שׁ׳ הָרֶשַׁע 125:3; שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Pr 22:8 (si vera l., cf. Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת. 2. ₁₄₅ tribe (syn. מַטֶּה q.v. 3, p. 641b), especially a. of (12) tribes of Israel, Gn 49:16, 28 (poem in J), Dt 33:5 (poem), Ex 24:4 (E), + often [JE 13 times, D 28 times (מַטֶּה not JED), P 9 times (cf. Gray Nu 4:18; מ׳ 150 times + in P); Ju 15 times (never מ׳) S 14 times (never מ׳), K 13 times (מ׳ 2 times), Chr 15 times (מ׳ 23 times), ψψ 7 times (never מ׳), proph. 16 times (מ׳ †Hb 3:9, very dub.)]; Ju 20:12 1 S 9:21 read שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Ges ^{90 1}, We Sta ^{343 e} Dr for שִׁבְטֵי), Vrss (GFM Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ ψ 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Is 63:17. b. sg. of people (of Judah, late) ψ 74:2, but Je 10:16 = 51:9 del. שׁ׳ נ׳ Gf Gie Du c. of subdivision of tribe, שׁ׳ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ Nu 4:18 (P).—2 S 7:7 read שֹׁפְטֵי (cf. v 11, || 1 Ch 17:6, Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu al.).

†שַׁרְבִֿיט S TWOT GK n.m. sceptre (expanded from foreg., Ges ^{85 w});—only Est: abs. הַשּׁ׳ 5:2; cstr. שׁ׳ הַוָּהָב 4:11; 5:2; שַׁרְבִט הַוּ׳ 8:4.

†שְׁבָט S TWOT GK n.pr. mens. Sh^ebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex..) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT Ne 1⁽⁾ Dl^WB), Zc 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (Dl^{. 38; WB}), Lyon ^{Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384} Jen ^{iv (1889), 273} Muss-Arn ^{xi (1892), 171 f.} al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim ^{3. 594 n.}; this month called שבט also in Nab. Palm., v. Lzb SAC ¹¹¹).

שְׁבִי S TWOT GK, שִׁבְיָה S TWOT GK, שְׁבִית S TWOT GK^, v. שׁכה.

שׁבל TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَبَلَ (sabala) iv. cause to hang down, سَبَلَةٌ (sabalatun) flowing dress; Assyrian šûbultu, šunbultu (Meissner), Arabic سُنْبُلٌ, سُنبُلَةٌ (sunbulun, sunbulatun) (Ba ²⁰⁷), Ethiopic ሰብል (sabl) Aramaic שֻׁבַלְתָּא, ܫܶܒܠܬܳܐ (šeblto), all ear of grain).

†שֹׁ֫בֶל S TWOT GK n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—abs. חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳ Is 47:2 strip off (thy) train.

†i. שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. flowing stream;—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 69:3, as test of dialect Ju 12:6 (cf; סִבֹּלֶת and GFM); cstr. שׁ׳ מַיִם ψ 69:16, שׁ׳ הַנָּהָר Is 27:12.

†ii. שְׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. ear of grain;—שׁ׳ abs. Jb 24:24 +; pl. שִׁבֳּלִים Gn 41:5 +, cstr. שִׁבֳּלֵי Zc 4:12;—ear, Gn 41:5, 6, 7⁽⁾, 22, 23, 24times2, 26, 27 Is 17:5⁽⁾ Ru 2:2 Jb 24:24; transf. spike (Pusey), end of olive bough Zc 4:12.

†[שְׁבוּל S TWOT GK, שְׁבִיל S TWOT GK] n.[m.] way, path (proposes as flowing along, stretching out? cf. NH שְׁבִיל, Arabic سَبِيلٌ (sabīlun) Aramaic שְׁבִילָא);—pl. sf. וּשְׁבִילְיךָ֯ בְּמַיִם רַבִּים [Kt שְׁבִילֶיךָ, Qr שְׁבִילְךָ] ψ 77:20 (of י׳; || דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ); cstr. (fig. of course of life) שְׁבוּלֵי עוֹלָם Je 18:15 (Kt; Qr שְׁבִילֵי; || דְּרָכִים).

†שׁוֹבָל S GK n.pr.m. 1. Edomite name Gn 36:20, 23, 29 = 1 Ch 1:38, 40. 2. a. in Caleb 1 Ch 2:50, 52. b. in Judah 1 Ch 4:1, 2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

שַׁבְּלוּל S TWOT GK v. בלל.

שׁבן (√ of following; meaning dub.).

†שֶׁבְנָא S GK, שֶׁבְנָה S GK n.pr.m. secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; -נָא Is 22:15, 36:22; 37:2 = 2 K 18:37; 19:2; Is 36:3, 11 = -נָה 2 K 18:18, 26.—Σομνας.

†שְׁבַנְיָה(וּ) S GK n.pr.m. 1. -יָה: a. Levites, (1) Ne 9:4, 5; 10:13, (2) 10:11; Σεβανια, Σαβανια(ς). b. priest Ne 10:5, priestly family 12:14 (GL Σεχενια), = שְׁכַנְיָה v 3 (Σεχενια(ς)), and perhaps שְׁכַנְיָהוּ 1 Ch 24:11 (Ισχανια, Σεχενια). 2. -יָהוּ, priest, 1 Ch 15:24 (Σομνια, GL Σαβανια).

שׁבס TWOT (√ of following; meaning?).

†[שָׁבִיס S TWOT GK] n.[m.] front-band (Mishn. id.; Levy ^{iv. 498}; al. cp. Arabic شمس (šms) lit. a sun, of small glass 3 We ^{iii. 145}; Heb. perhaps a dimin., v. Ges ^{86 note});—pl. הַשְּׁבִיסִים Is 3:18, in list of women’s finery.

I. שֶׁ֫בַע S^{, ,} TWOT GK^{, , ,} , שִׁבְעָה S GK₃₉₄ n.m. et f. seven (NH id., MI¹⁶ שבעת; Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Dl^{. § 65, 6}; s = שׁ), Arabic سَبْعٌ, سَبْعَةٌ (sab˓un, sab˓atun) Sab. סבע Hom ^{47, 124}, Ethiopic ሰብዑ, ሰብዐቱ (sab˓u, sab˓atu) Ph. (Pun.) שבע, Nab. שבע, שבעה, Palm. שבעא, שבעה; Aramaic שִׁבְעָא שְׁבַע, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ (šba˓, šab˓o); on etym. cf. Lag ^{37 f.});—m. (c. n.f.) abs. שֶׁבַע Gn 41:2 + 115 times; cstr. שְׁבַע 5:26 + 47 times, especially P (15 times) and Chr (20 times), וּשֲׁבַע 1 K 14:21. f. (c. n.m.) abs. שִׁבְעָה Gn 4:24 + 100 times; cstr. שִׁבְעַת 7:10 + 120 times; sf. שְׁבַעְתָּם 2 S 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and mod.; v. Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם)—seven: 1. without other num.: a. שֶׁבַע, before n.fpl. Gn 21:28 (J), Ju 16:13 Is 4:1 + 80 times, especially שׁ׳ שָׁנִים Gn 29:18 (E) + 32 times (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע 2 S 24:13a, cf. v b, c, also G and || 1 Ch 21:12; so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Gn 33:3 (J), Lv 4:6 (P) + 17 times; שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּתּ 1 K 6:6; after noun Ez 40:20, 26; n. om. Jb 5:19 Pr 6:16, + ( = שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים) Lv 26:18, 21, 24, 28 (H), ψ 119:164 Pr 24:16. b. שִׁבְעָה, before n.mpl. Nu 23:1⁽⁾ (E) + 40 times + Jb 42:13 (read שׁ׳ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges ^{97 c} and most); + (distrib.) שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Zc 4:2; after n. Gn 7:4 (J), Ex 25:37 (P) + 12 times (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. 1 S 2:5 + 9 times, incl. שׁ׳ as ordinal, v. infr.; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה 1 K 7:17⁽⁾ G Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. = 7 each Gn 7:2, 3 (J); as pred. Gn 46:25 (P). c. שִׁבְעַת, before n.pl. Nu 23:4 (E), 8:2 (P), Ez 45:23⁽⁾ Jb 2:13⁽⁾ + 97 times, incl. שׁ׳ יָמִים Gn 8:10 (J), + 88 times + Ez 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת, Vrss and mod.). d. = ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַע Dt 15:9 2 K 12:2 + 3 times, בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ez 30:20, cf. 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Gn 7:10 (J), 1 Ch 9:25. 2. †a. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Gn 37:2 + 3 times + 1 K 14:21 (וּשְׁבַע וגו׳), also as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ 1 K 22:52, בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ שָׁנָה 2 K 16:1. †b. שִׁבְעָה עֶשָׂר (sc. הַגּוֹרָל lot) 1 Ch 24:15; 25:24 (cf. also, + other num., 7:11 Ezr 2:39 Ne 7:42), + יוֹם 17th day Gn 7:11; 8:4; unusual is שׁ׳ שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף Je 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver. 3. שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Ju 8:26 + 39 times (but Ne 7:68 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.v.). 4. שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 1 K 20:30 + 2 times; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. 1 K 20:15 + 15 times; 57,000 is 7 + 50 × 1000 Nu 1:31; 2:8, 31. 5. שׁ׳ + other num.: a. שׁ׳ follows 18 times: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳ Ju 8:14; also, ( = ord. num.) Ez 29:17 + 2 times, שְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳ שָׁנָה 2 K 13:10, cf. 15:1; (2) n.pl. before other num. Ezr 8:35 Ne 7:[72], 71; (3) n. s. cstr. precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים רָשׁ׳ 1 K 16:10, 15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Gn 23:1; 25:17 (both P), etc. b. שׁ׳ precedes 10 times (P and Est): (1) n. s. after other num. Gn 8:14 Ex 6:16, 20 + 3 times Est; (2) n. repeated Gn 5:7; 11:21; 47:28, cf. 5:25, 31 c. 1000 + 17 Ezr 2:39 = Ne 7:42.—שׁ׳ often c. sacred signif.: Gn 21:28 ff. (J), Ex 37:23 Lv 4:6, 17; 8:11; 14:27 + (P); as round number Gn 4:24 (song in J), 29:18 ff.; 31:23; 41:2 ff. (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 times 33:3 (J; in great humility), cf. Wkl ^{nos. 143, 230, 246} Ne^{Mar. 11 f.}; all these prob. originating with week of seven days; cf. especially Kö ^{number, 562 f., 565}.

†שִׁבְעָה S GK n.f. pr. putei, Gn 26:33 (J); Ὅρκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)

שִׁבְעִים S TWOT^, GK n.pl. seventy (irreg. pl. of שֶׁבַע Ges ^{97 f. R. 1});—not decl.:—seventy (often as round no., cf. Kö ^{number, 563 a}): 1. without other no.: a. before n. s. year Gn 5:12 + 12 times, man Ju 9:2 Nu 11:25 + 7 times, shekel 7:13 + 11 times, other n. 5 times b. before n.pl. kings Ju 1:7, sons 8:30; 9:24 2 K 10:1, brothers Ju 9:56, asses 12:14, palms Ex 15:27 Nu 33:9, males Ezr 8:7,14. c. after n. coll. (בָּקָר) 2 Ch 29:32, n.pl. Dn 9:24. d. pred. Gn 46:27. e. n. om. Ex 24:1, 9 (man), Nu 7:85 (shekel), cf. Ju 9:4 2. שׁ׳ אֶלֶף = 70,000 2 S 24:15 + 6 times. 3. + other num.: a. + unit + n. s. Ju 8:14; n. om. 70 + 7 (times) Gn 4:24, cf. Ezr 2:40 = Ne 7:43, so 2 + 70 Nu 31:38; n.pl. + 70 + 7 Ezr 8:35; 5 years + 70 year Gn 12:4. b. 5 + 70 × 1000 (man) Est 9:16, cf. Nu 2:4; 3:43; 26:32; 2 + 70 × 1000 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 × 1000 man 1 S 6:19; 7 + 70 year + 7 × 100 year Gn 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Nu 3:46. c. 70 foll. hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Gn 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezr 2:3, 4 = Ne 7:8, 9, Ne 11:19; + 3 Ezr 2:36 Ne 7:39; 5 + 70 Ezr 2:5. d. 1000 + 7 × 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Ex 38:25 and (n. om.) v 28.

שְׁבִיעִי S^, TWOT GK^, m. שְׁבִיעִית f.₉₇ adj. num. ord. seventh;—m. שְׁבִיעִי Gn 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Ex 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Jos 6:16 +, -עִת Ex 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת 21:2, -עִית 1 K 18:44 2 Ch 23:1;—seventh, especially P; always c. art.: 1. m. 7th day Gn 2:3 + 47 times; month (חֹדֶשׁ) 8:4 + 23 times + (n. om.) Ez 45:25 + 3 times; lot הַגּוֹרָל) Jos 19:40 + (n. om.) 1 Ch 24:10; 25:14; n. om. also 1 Ch 2:15; 26:3, 5 (son), 12:11 (man), 27:10 (captain). 2. f. 7th year, 2 K 11:4 + 7 times + (n. om.) Ex 21:2; 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Ges ^{134 p}) Ezr 7:8; sabbath Lv 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Jos 6:16 + (n. om.) 1 K 18:44.

שִׁבְעָ֫נָת Jb 42:13 read שִׁבְעָה Ges ^{97 c} and most.

†שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם S TWOT GK n.f. du. seven-fold, seven times (cf. Ges^{§ 97 h, 134 r});— 1. 2, Is 30:26 Pr 6:31; as adv. Gn 4:15, 24 ψ 79:12. 2. seven times, adv. ψ 12:7.—2 S 21:9 read Qr שְׁבַעְתָּם v. i. שֶׁבַע.

†שָׁבוּעַ S TWOT GK n.m. Dn 9:27 period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. Lag ⁶⁷);—abs. שׁ׳ Dn 9:27⁽⁾; cstr. שְׁבֻעַ Gn 29:27, 28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Lv 12:5; pl. שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Ex 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) 2 Ch 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Dn 9:24 + 4 times Dn; cstr. שְׁבֻעֹת Je 5:24 (Ez 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Nu 28:26;— 1. period of seven days (from a given time), week: Dt 16:9⁽⁾ Lv 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Gn 29:27, 28 (E; cf. Ju 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dn 10:2, 3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Je 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Ex 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Dt 16:10, 16 2 Ch 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Nu 28:26 (P). 2. heptad or seven of years, late, Dn 9:24, 25, 26, 27⁽⁾.—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע].

[שָׁבַע S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK]₁₈₆ vb. swear (prob., so to say, seven oneself, or bind onself by seven things, cf. Thes (as altern.), Gerb ^{108 ff.}; NH Niph. = BH; T שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; v. also Dr Gn 21:28 Kö ^{numbers, 565} RS^{. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} We ^{Reste Arabic 2, 186});—Qal (according to Thes RobGes) Pt. pass. שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ez 21:28 those sworn with ( = who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); G S Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm שׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time). Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּע Gn 24:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבַע Lv 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Gn 24:9 +; 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבִ֑עַ Dt 6:13; 10:20; 1 s. אִשָּׁב֑עַ Gn 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1 K 2:8 Ez 16:8, etc.; Imv. ms. הִשָּֽׁבְעָה Gn 21:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הִשָּׁבַע Nu 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Je 7:9; cstr. הִשָּׁבֵעַ Je 12:16⁽⁾ + 1 S 20:17 v. infra Pt. נִשְׁבָּע Zc 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath: 1. subj. man: a. in asseveration, abs. Gn 21:24, 31 (E) Ju 21:1, 18 2 S 21:2 +; also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר 1 S 20:3 1 K 1:29, sq. לֵאמֹר 2 S 3:35 Jos 14:9 (D); c. acc. cogn. Nu 30:3 (P || נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Je 5:2; 7:9 Lv 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Mal 3:5; + על־שׁ׳ Lv 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה ψ 24:4; sq. inf. Lv 5:4 (P), ψ 15:4; 119:106; + ל pers. take an oath to, Jos 6:22 (JE), 9:20 (P; acc. cogn.) Gn 24:9 ( + עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה) +, so also 1 S 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, G B Th We Dr al.); oath of allegiance (לי׳) Is 19:18; 45:23 Zp 1:5 2 Ch 15:14, cf. (abs.) v 15 (Jos 23:7 v. Hiph.); also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר 2 K 25:24; sq. לֵאמֹר 2 S 21:17 1 K 1:13 Je 40:9; sq. פֶּן = that not Ju 15:12, sq. אִם = id. 1 K 1:51; + אֶל pers. sq. לֵאמֹר Je 38:16; + בי׳ by י׳, sq. inf. Ju 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ 1 S 20:42 Is 48:1, cf. Gn 31:53 (E), Dt 6:13; 10:20 Je 12:16 ( + חַי־י׳), Is 65:16 Zc 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קְר), Lv 19:12 (id.), ψ 63:12 Dn 12:7; + בי׳ sq. אִם 2 S 19:8; + ל pers. c. בי׳ Jos 9:18, 19 (P; pledge faith), sq. לֵאמֹר 1 S 28:10 1 K 1:30; 2:8, 23, sq. כִּי of obj. cl. Jos 2:12 (JE), 1 K 1:17; + ל pers. c. בא׳, sq. אִם Gn 21:23 (E), 1 S 30:15; as vb. of quotation + obj. חַי־י׳ Ho 4:15 Je 4:2 1 S 19:6 ( + אִם), + אִם in orat. recta ψ 132:2 (|| נָדַר); also + בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Je 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zp 1:5, cf. Am 8:14 ( + וְאָמַר). b. imprecate, curse, בִּ׳ by me ψ 102:9 (cf. שְׁבוּעָה 1 b, קְלָלָה). 2. subj. י׳: swear, c. בִּי by myself Gn 22:16 (JE), Je 22:5 (cl. כִּי), 49:13 (id.), Is 45:23 (id.), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Am 4:2 (id.), cf. ψ 89:36 (|| אִם אֲכַזֵּב), cf. also Am 6:8; 8:7 Je 44:26; 51:14 Is 62:8; swear, sq. inf. Dt 1:35; 4:21 Jos 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v 43 Gi), sq. מִן inf. = not to Is 54:9⁽⁾, sq. אִם ψ 95:11, sq. לֵאמֹר Dt 1:34 Is 14:24 Nu 32:10 (P); sq. orat. recta ψ 110:4; c. ל pers. take an oath to, Gn 24:7 (J), Ex 13:11 (J), Dt 2:14 + 7 times Dt. (acc. cogn. 7:8; 9:5), Ez 16:8 (|| בּוֹא בִבְרִית), ψ 89:4 (|| כָּרַת בְּרִית), v 50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל pers. + inf. (usually to give land) Ex 13:5 (J), Dt 1:8 + 9 times Dt, Jos 1:6; 5:6⁽⁾ (all R), Je 11:5 ( + acc. cogn.), 32:22; ל pers. + acc. rei (usually land) = promise by oath to Gn 50:24 Ex 33:1 Nu 11:12 (all J), 14:16, 23 (JE), 32:11 (P), Ju 2:1 Mi 7:20 Dt 6:18 + 8 times Dt (obj. covenant 4:31; 8:18); ל pers. om. Dt 31:21. †Hiph. Perf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּיעַ Ex 13:19 + 1 s. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Ct 2:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁבַּע Gn 50:25 + sf. וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Gn 24:37, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשְׁבֵּעַ Ex 13:19 1 S 14:28; cstr. הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1 S 14:27 (20:17 v. Niph.); Pt. sf. מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ 1 K 22:16 = 2 Ch 18:15;— 1. cause to take an oath, subj. always man: c. acc. pers. Gn 50:6 (J), 1 S 14:27 1 K 18:10 2 K 11:4, + acc. cogn. Jos 2:17, 20 (J), + לֵאמֹר Gn 24:37; 50:5 (both J), v 25 (E), Jos 6:26 (J; acc. pers. om.), so (Inf. abs. + Pf.) Ex 13:19 (JE, 1 S 14:28, + וְאָמַר Nu 5:19 and (c. acc. cogn.) v 21 (both P), + inf. cl. Ne 5:12 Ezr 10:5; + בי׳ by י׳ Gn 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), 1 K 2:42 (|| וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר), cf. Jos 23:7 (R; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr al.; G del.), Ne 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), 2 Ch 36:13. 2. adjure, c. acc. pers. 1 K 22:16 = 2 Ch 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v 8, c. cl. אִם that not 2:7; 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ 8:4 (v. מָה 2 a (b)).—1 S 20:17 v. Niph..

†ii. שֶׁ֫בַע S^{, ,} TWOT GK^{, , ,} n.pr.m. 1. in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי 2 S 20:1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 13, 21, 22; Σαβεε. 2. in Gad 1 Ch 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαφε, GL Σαβεε.

†iii. שֶׁבַע S^{, ,} TWOT GK^{, , ,} si vera l. n.