†שָׁגַג S TWOT GK^, vb. go astray, commit sin or error (|| שׁגה, שׁוג);—Qal Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Lv 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Jb 12:16 ψ 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Nu 15:28;— 1. error, mentally Jb 12:16. 2. sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Lv 5:18 Nu 15:28 (P), cf. ψ 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Gn 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges ^{67 p} Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4b.

†שְׁגָגָה S TWOT GK n.f. sin of error, inadvertence;—abs. שׁ׳ Nu 15:25 +; sf. שִׁגְגָתוֹ Lv 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Nu 15:25;—error (opp. sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Nu 15:25 = Ec 5:5, cf. Ec 10:5; על שׁ׳ Lv 5:18 Nu 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Lv 4:2, 22, 27; 5:15 Nu 15:27, 28 + (vb. om.) v 26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Lv 4:22 Nu 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v 24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Lv 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Nu 35:11, 15 = Jos 20:3, 9 (|| in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—1 S 14:24 v. שׁגה.

שִׁגָּיוֹן S GK v. p. 993b.

†[שָׁגָה S TWOT GK] vb. go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ (šgo) id.);—Qal Pf. 1 s. שָׁגִיתִי Jb 6:24; 19:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁגֶּה Pr 5:23, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁגוֹת 19:27; Pt. שֹׁגֶה Ez 45:20 Pr 20:1, etc.;— 1. error, stray, of flock Ez 34:6 (fig.). 2. swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Is 28:7⁽⁾; = be intoxicated, Pr 20:1; so with (בּ) love 5:19, 20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Is 28:7. 3. go astray, morally, 1 S 26:21 Pr 5:23 Jb 6:24; 19:4, + 1 S 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th We Dr Now (after G; otherwise Bu HPS); c. מן, of י׳’s commands ψ 119:21, 118, מִן of words of knowledge Pr 19:27. 4. specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Lv 4:13 Nu 15:22 (P) Ez 45:20 (cf. שׁגג). Hiph. lead astray: 1. lit., Pt. מַשְׁגֶּה Dt 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ). 2. מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Jb 12:16. 3. morally, Pt. Pr 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands ψ 119:10; + perhaps Jb 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

†[שְׁגִיאָה S TWOT GK Kö^{. 1. 197}] n.f. error;—pl. abs. שְׁגִיאוֹת ψ 19:13; read שְׁגָגוֹת?.

†מִשְׁגֶּה S TWOT GK n.m. mistake Gn 43:12 (J).

†שָׁגֵה S GK (שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David 1 Ch 1:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, GL Σαμαια.

†[שָׁגַח S TWOT GK] vb.Hiph. gaze (NH id., Ecclus 40:29; 50:5; late Rabb. הַשְׁגָּחָה = providence (from ψ 33:14); J.Aram שְׁגַח gaze, consider);—c. אֶל־ pers.: Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁגִּיחַ ψ 33:14 (of י׳; מִן loc.); Impf. 3 mpl. רֹאֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ יַשְׁגִּיחוּ Is 14:16 they that see thee, at thee shall they gaze (|| אֵלֶיךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ; cf. משגיח על שלחן Ecclus 40:29); abs.: Pt. מַשְׁגִּיחַ Ct 2:9 (c. מִן from (the outside of) the windows).

†שִׁגָּיוֹן S GK doubtful word, ψ 7:1 (title), Ew De al. from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, i.e. wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; cf. Lag ^{201 f.} who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; G ψαλμός, read prob. מִזְמוֹר; pl. שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Hb 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so G.

[שָׁגֵל S TWOT GK] vb. violate, ravish (Mass. think verb obscene, and subst. שָׁכַב);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁגָּלֶנְּה Dt 28:30 Kt (Qr יִשְׁכָּבֶנָּה). Niph. Impf. 3 fpl. תִּשָּׁגַלְנָה Is 13:16 Zc 14:2 women shall be ravished (both Kt; Qr תִּשָּׁכַבְנָה). Pu. > Qal pass. (Ges ^{52 e}) Pf. 2 fs. אֵיפֹה לֹא שֻׁגַּלְתְ Je 3:2 where hast thou not been ravished? (Qr שֻׁכַּבְתְּ).

†שֵׁגָל S TWOT GK n.f. (queen-) consort Ne 2:6 ψ 45:10 + perhaps Ju 5:30c v. שָׁלָל (Palm. n.pr.f. שגל Lzb³⁷² SAC¹¹¹ GACooke³⁰⁹; Thes¹³⁶³ cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to Lag ^{51, 153} and not from √ [שָׁגַע]).

†[שָׁגַע] Pu. be mad (Arabic سَجَعَ (saja˓a) coo, of male pigeon, utter long whinny, of camel (cf. Hoffm ^{iii (1883), 89} RS ^{xiv. 119 f.} Goldziher^{Arabic Philol. i. 59 ff.} Lag ²⁰²); Ethiopic ዘንግዐ (zangə˓a) be mad (n ins., Di¹⁰⁵⁵ BA ⁵⁰); Assyrian šegû, rage, howl; on meaning in Heb. v. especially We ^{iii. 130});—Pu. Pt. as adj.: pred. וְהָיִיתָ מְשֻׁגָּע Dt 28:34 thou shalt be maddened (מִן because of), fig. for driven to despair; מ׳ of proph., contemptuously Ho 9:7, כָּל־אִישׁ מ׳ וּמִתְנַבֵּא Je 29:26, as subst. 2 K 9:11; pl. מְשֻׁגָּעִים 1 S 21:16 madmen. Hithp. shew madness; Pt. אִישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ 1 S 21:15; Inf. cstr. לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ v 16.

†שִׁגָּעוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. madness;—הִכָּה בְּשׁ׳ Dt 28:28 smite with madness, fig. of wild and helpless panic (|| עִוָּרוֹן, תִּמְהוֹן לֵבָב), Zc 12:4 (|| תִּמָּהוֹן); בְּשׁ׳ 2 K 9:20 (hyperb.) madly.

שׁגר TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Aramaic שְׁגַר cast, throw, Ex 13:12 T drop young, ܫܓܰܪ (šgar) misit, demisit (rare); cf. Dr Dt 7:13).

†שֶׁ֫גֶר S TWOT GK n.[f. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 70}] offspring, young of beasts (שגר id. Ecclus 40:19; cf. We ^{iii. 170});—cstr. שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Ex 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13; 28:4, 18, 51 (all || עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

שַׁד S TWOT GK ii. שֹׁד breast, v. שׁדה.

†[שֵׁד S TWOT GK] n.[m.] appar. demon (loan-word from Assyrian šêdu, a protecting spirit, especially of bull-colossus, Dl ^{153 f.; WB 646}; COT Dt 32:17 Zim^{. 460 f., 455, 649}; cf. Aramaic שֵׁידָא, ܫܺܐܕܳܐ (šido) demon, and (perhaps) Ph. n.pr. גדשד Nö ^{xlii (1888), 481} Lzb²⁴⁹; orig. √ שׁוֹד ( = Arabic سَادَ (sāda) rule) according to Thes Baud ^{Sem. Rel. i. 130 ff.} Dl^WB al.; > Arabic سعد (s˓d) (iii, iv aid), Hom ^{xlvi (1892), 529}, against this Zim);—יִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לֹא אֱלֹהַּ Dt 32:17 (cf. Dr), ψ 106:37 (human sacrifice).

i שֹׁד S^, TWOT^, GK^, v. שׁדד.

[שָׁדַד S^, TWOT GK]₅₆ vb. deal vlolently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ (sadda) stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ (sadada) expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ez 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי ψ 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges ^{67 q} Bae) ψ 91:6, sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges ^{67 n}) Pr 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Je 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Ges ^{67 cc}) 49:28; Inf. abs. שָׁדוֹד Mi 2:4; cstr. לִשְׁדוֹד Je 47:4 (Ges ^{45 g}), cf. also שֹׁד Ho 10:14; Pt. act. שֹׁדֵד Je 6:26 +, etc.; pass. שָׁרוּד Ju 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה ψ 137:8;—violently destroy, pers., = slay Ju 5:27 (pass.), Je 5:6 (wolf subj.; || הִכָּה); acc. Philistines 47:4 (|| הִכְרִית), v 4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, acc. בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Je 51:55, cf. ψ 137:8 (read prob. הַשֹּׁדֵדָה We Du cf. Ew Hi הַשָּׁדוֹדָה v. Kö^{. 194}); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Ez 32:12 (|| נִשְׁמַד), cf. Ho 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Je 25:36 (subj. י׳), abs. Is 21:2 (|| בָּגַד), 33:1 (on use of pt. v. Ges ^{120 b}), pass. v 1 (|| בָּנַד), אַתְּי שְׁדוּד Je 4:30 (Gf Ba ¹⁷⁹, but dub.; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despil, acc. pers. Je 49:28; = bring pers. to ruin Mi 2:4 (Inf. abs. + Niph. q.v.), Pr 11:3; weaker, assail ψ 17:9; elsewhere Pt. act. as subst. devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Is 16:1; 21:2; 33:1 Je 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Ob 5 (|| גַּנָּבִים) del. Now GASm; personal foe Jb 15:21; representing wicked in gen. 12:6 (|| מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל). †Niph. Pf. 1 pl. שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Ges ^{67 u}) we are utterly ruined Mi 2:4. †Pi. Impf. 2 ms. אַל־שַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Pr 24:15 3 (|| אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); Pt. as subst. מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Pr 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (|| יַבְרִיחַ אֵם). †Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁדַּד Is 15:1 +, 3 fs. שֻׁדְּדָה Je 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Na 3:7 (Ges ^{52 q}), etc.;—be devastated, of city Is 15:1⁽⁾; 23:1 Je 48:1; 49:3 Na 3:7, country or nation Je 4:20, cf. v 13 9:18; 48:15, 20; 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Je 4:20; 10:20, trees Zc 11:2 (del. Sta ^{i (1881), 25}), cf. v 33, strength of ships Is 23:14, field (by drought) Jo 1:10, crop v 10. †Pō˓el violently destroy: Impf. 3 ms. יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Ho 10:2 (|| יַעֲרֹף מִזְבְּחֹתָם). †Hoph. Impf. (or Qal pass. Impf.? cf. Ges ^{53 u}) be devastated: 3 ms. בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Ho 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2 ms. תּוּשַּׁד Is 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, v. Qal).

†i. שֹׁר S^, TWOT GK, שׁוֹד (v. infr.) n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ abs. Ho 7:13 +; cstr. Is 22:4 +;— 1. violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁר Am 3:10 Je 6:7; 20:8 Ez 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Hb 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Ho 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, G We Marti al.), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Is 59:7; 60:18 Pr 24:2 (|| עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Pr 21:7; c. genit. obj. שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים ψ 12:6. 2. devastation, ruin, for nation Ho 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Is 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳) = Jo 1:15, Is 16:4 Lo Gr Che Marti שֹׁדֵד; || רֹמֵס), 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר 51:19 Je 48:3; more gen. Am 5:9⁽⁾; for individ. Jb 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v 22; for beasts Hb 2:17 ( + חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Ho 10:14 v. שׁדד Inf.—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Ho 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר We Now Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, v. שׁדה.

שַׁדַּי S TWOT GK v. infr. אַשְׁדוֹד v. p. 78; > here, Thes al.

שׁדה TWOT (√ of foll.; Arabic ثَدَى (ṯadā) moisten, ثَدْىٌ (ṯadyun) breast; Aramaic pl. תְּדַיָּא, ܬܕܰܝܳܐ (tdayo) breasts; cf. Lag ¹⁷¹; Heb. n. orig. שָׁדֶה Ba ⁹, cf. Id. ^{xii (1887), 637}).

†[שַׁר] n.m. Ho 9:14 female breast;—abs. שָׁ֑ד La 4:3; elsewhere du. שָׁדַיִם Ho 9:14 +, cstr. שְׁדֵי Ez 23:21 +, sf. שָׁדַי Ct 1:13; 8:10, שָׁדַיִךְ 4:5 +, etc.;—breast: 1. of woman Ho 2:4 Ez 16:7; 23:3, 21 (שְׁדֵי נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ, || דַּדַּיִךְ), v 34 (> del. G Codd. Co;—all these of personif. people), Ct 1:13; 4:5; 7:4, 8, 9; 8:8, 10; of mother ψ 22:10, c. יָנַק suck Ct 8:1 Jb 3:12 Jo 2:16; Ho 9:14 (v. [צָמַק]); עֲתִיקֵ׳ מִשּׁ׳ Is 28:9, i.e. those already weaned, mature (|| גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב).—Is 32:12 v. [ספד]. 2. of animal La 4:3. 3. both human and animal, בִּרְכוֹת שׁ׳ וָרָ֑חַם Gn 49:25 (poem in J).

†ii. שֹׁד S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. id. (cf. the rare Arabic ثُدٌ (ṯudun), Lane³³³ Ba ^{xii. 637});—שׁ׳ abs., of mother Jb 24:9; cstr. (fig., c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Is 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ 66:11, i.e. the consolations of Jerusalem.

†שְׁרֵיאוּר n.pr.m. in Reuben (read prob. שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, v. Nö ^{xv (1860), 809} Ne^{Eg.. 46} Gray ^{169, 197});—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Nu 1:5; 2:10; 7:30, 35; 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

†שִׁדָּה S TWOT GK n.f. meaning unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ec 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (G οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (cf. B), prob. from same √; Dl^{. 97} Kö^{. 1. 161} Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, v. i. שָׂרָה).

שַׁדַּי S TWOT GK₄₈ n.m. dei (etym. dub. (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-) sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Thes De Di Sta, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ew ^{155 c}, but שׁדד (q.v.) is deal violently not simply mightily; cf. G παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), B mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (v. שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, || אֲדֹנָי, בעלי Nö ^{1880, 775; xlii (1888), 481}; Hoffm ⁵³; used of foreign deities (Dt 32:17), and so discredited (cf. בַּעַל).—> other conj., e.g. RS^{, 424} √ שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Dl ⁹⁶ Assyrian šadû˒, high, ilu šadû˒a, Che Is ii. 148, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; v. further Dr ^{Gn 404 ff.});— 1. שַׁדַּי Nu 24:4, 16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Ru 1:20, 21 ψ 68:15; 91:1 Jo 1:15 = Is 13:6 Ez 1:24 (del. Co), especially Jb 5:17 + 30 times Jb ( + 19:29 Ew Di reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין). 2. אֵל שַׁדַּי Gn 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, v. Sam. G S Saad, Heb. Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarches in P, Gn 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; 48:3 Ex 6:3, Gn 43:14 (R); so Ez 10:5 (del. Co; but G Σαδδαι).

שַׁדּ֯יּן Jb 19:29 v. דין p. 192b supra.

שׁדם TWOT (√ of following; meaning unknown).

†[שְׁדֵמָה S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.f. field;—only pl.: abs. שְׁדֵמוֹת Hb 3:17 Je 31:40 Qr (> Kt השׁרמות); cstr. שַׁדְם(וֹ)ת Dt 32:32 + 2 times;—fields, as cultivated Dt 32:32, also (c. vb. sg.) Is 16:8 Hb 3:17; as locality 2 K 23:4, area Je 31:40.—שְׁדֵמָה Is 37:27 v. שְׁדֵפָה.

†[שָׁדַף S TWOT GK] vb. scorch, blight (NH id.; Niph. Hithp. be blighted; J.Aram שְׁדַף Ithpe. burn (up); Arabic سدف (sdf) iv. be dark);—Qal Pt. pass. cstr., of ears of grain, שְׁדוּפֹת קָדִים Gn 41:6 scorched by a sirocco, so שְׁדֻפוֹת ק׳ v 23, שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ v 27 (all E).

†שְׁדֵפָה S TWOT GK n.f. blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה 2 K 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, i.e. before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as || Is 37:27, cf. Di), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kit שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; We (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Che: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

†שִׁדָּפוֹן S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. smut, on crops (Lag ²⁰² Vogelst ⁵⁶);—שׁ׳ abs. + יֵרָקוֹן Am 4:9, cf. Hg 2:17, Dt 28:22 1 K 8:37 = 2 Ch 6:28.

†שַׁדְרַךְ S^, GK n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Dn 1:7 (from and meaning dub.; Dl (cf. COT Dr) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen ^{1895, 329} thinks Pers. [Khšatraka]; Kohler ^{iv (1889), 50} conj. מרדך, so Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57} Zim^{. 396}).

שׁדשׁ TWOT (√ of foll.; Sab. סדתֿ, סתֿ, six SabDenkm ⁹⁰ Hom ^{47. 124}; Arabic سَادِسٌ (sādisun) sixth (assim. of last cons.), سِتٌّ, سِتَّةٌ (sittun, sittatun) six; Ethiopic ስሱ, ስድስቱ (səssu, səddəstu) six; Assyrian sudušu (s!) 2, seššu, sixth; cf. also Aramaic שֵׁית, שִׁתָּא, ܫܶܬ, ܫܶܬܳܐ (šet, šeto) six, Nab. שת, Palm. שתא Ldzb³⁸³ SAC¹¹⁸).

I. שֵׁשׁ S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} , שִׁשָּׁה S TWOT GK₂₁₆ n.m. et f.six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. n.f.) Gn 31:41 + 120 times; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. n.m.) 30:20 + 39 times; cstr. שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Ex 23:12 + 30 times (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hex chiefly P): 1. no other num.: a. bef. n.pl. 75 times: e.g. שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 (E) + 11 times, שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת 1 S 17:4 + 8 times; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †1 K 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Gn 30:20 (E) + 2 times; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Ex 23:12 (E) + 14 times; after n. (late) †Ex 28:2 Jos 15:59, 62 (all P), 1 Ch 4:27; 26:17 Ne 5:18; rarely n. om. Lv 24:6 (P) + distrib. 2 S 21:20 = 1 Ch 20:6). b. = ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳ 2 K 18:10 (Ges ^{134 o}). 2. 16, c. n.f.: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Gn 46:18 (P), שָׁנָה 2 K 13:10 + 9 times, בָּנוֹת 2 Ch 13:21; after עָרִים Jos 15:41; 19:22 (P); c. n.m. שִׁשָׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Ex 26:25; 36:30 (P), also אֶלֶף, 1000, Nu 31:40 + (P); after בָּנִים 1 Ch 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th 1 Ch 24:14; 25:23 +, יוֹם שׁ׳ ע׳ 2 Ch 29:17. 3. 600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Gn 7:6 (P) + 63 times; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Nu 3:34 (P) + 8 times; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Ju 20:15 + 2 times 4. c. tens, שׁ׳ foll. Gn 46:26 + 13 times, precedes Nu 31:44 (P). 5. שׁ׳ as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳ 2 K 13:19, cf. Jb 5:19 Pr 6:16.

שִׁשִּׁי S TWOT GK m.₂₂ שִׁשִׁית f.₆ adj.num. ordin. sixth;—(הַ)יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי Gn 1:31 + 5 times, etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Lv 25:21 Ez 8:1, etc.; cstr. שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Ez 4:11 6th part of the hin, cf. 45:13; 46:14; read שׁ׳ also 45:13b (v. [שִׁשָּׁה] Infra).

שִׁשִּׁים S TWOT GK₅₉ n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. sg.: city Dt 3:4 + 4 times, cubit 1 K 6:2 Ez 40:14, man 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25, day Lv 12:5, etc.; n.pl. בָּנוֹת 2 Ch 11:21, cf. Ct 3:7; after n.pl. Nu 7:88⁽⁾ 2 Ch 3:3; 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף 2 Ch 12:3 +; שׁ׳ foll. units Gn 5:15 + 12 times; שׁ׳ precedes unit Is 7:8 + 12 times; שׁ׳ foll. 100 (1000) Ezr 8:10 + 11 times; precedes Gn 5:18 + 8 times

†[שִׁשָּׁה S TWOT GK] vb. Pi. denom. give sixth part of (si vera l.);—Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְשִׁשִּׁיתֶם הָאֵיפָה Ez 45:13 ( + מִן part.), but < read שִׁשִּׁית Vrss and mod. (|| שִׁשִּׁיה v a).—וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִיךָ Ez 39:2 v. שׁשׁא.

†i. שֹׁ֫הַם S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. Jb 28:16 a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri ^{2, 336 f.} onyx Taylor ^{iii. 624}, beryl Ridgeway ⁵⁴⁵ malachite Myres^{ib. 4808}, etc.; cf. also Dr Gn 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, cf. Assyrian sâmtu Dl^{WB 438});—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Gn 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (all P), 1 Ch 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ez 28:13, Ex 28:20; 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Jb 28:16.

†ii. שֹׁ֫הַם S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳ 1 Ch 24:27; Ις(ς)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

שָׁו Jb 15:31 Kt, v. שָׁוְא.

†שְׁוָא S GK n.pr.m. 1. Calebite 1 Ch 2:49, Σαου, Σουε. 2. secretary, David’s time 2 S 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, GL Σουσα (v. שְׂרָיָה)וּ( 1).

I. שׁוא S TWOT^, GK (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَآءَ (sa˒ā˒a) (med. و (w)) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ (say˒a) baseness).

†שָׁוְא S TWOT GK n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Jb 15:31 (Kt);— 1. emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם ψ 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? cf. שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Jb 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ ψ 31:7 (idols) = Jon 2:9, cf. Je 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Is 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Ex 20:7⁽⁾ take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Dt 5:11⁽⁾, cf. ψ 24:4; 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Ho 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ ψ 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳ in vain Je 2:30; 4:30; 6:29; 46:11; שׁ׳ ψ 127:1⁽⁾ Mal 3:14 Jb 35:13. 2. emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Pr 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ ψ 12:3; 41:7; 144:8, 11 Is 59:4 Ez 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Ho 10:4 + 12:2 G We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Jb 31:5 (|| מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Dt 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Ex 20:16); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Ex 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Ez 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ La 2:14; v. also Ez 13:6, 7, 9, 23; 21:34; 22:28 Jb 35:13 (or empty complaint) La 2:14⁽⁾; קסם שׁ׳ Ez 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zc 10:2. 3. of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men ψ 26:4 Jb 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חַבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Is 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Jb 15:31⁽⁾, cf. Dr^{Job, 464}.

II. שׁוא S TWOT^, GK (√ of foll.; prob. || form of שׁאה).

†[שׁוֹא S TWOT GK] n.[m.] ravage (?);—pl. sf. שֹׁאֵיהֶם ψ 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); G κακουργία; Ol Dy Gr Che plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, cf. v 16, 17c; We Du שֹׁאֲגִים.

†שׁוֹאָה S TWOT^, GK^, , שֹׁאָה n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳ Is 10:5 +, שֹׁאָה 47:11 Zp 1:15 Jb 30:14 ( + 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Pr 3:25;— 1. devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Is 10:3; 47:11 (Babylon personif.), ψ 35:8a; 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Pr 3:25 (obj. genit.; || פַּחַד); (יוֹם)שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Zp 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Ez 38:9 (|| עָנָן), Pr 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; || סוּפָה).—ψ 35:8b read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, S We (cf. v 7). 2. concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Jb 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה 38:27 (|| מִדְבָּר v 26); = ruins Jb 30:14.

†מְשׁוֹאָה S^, TWOT GK^, , מְשֹׁאָה n.f. desolation;— 1. sg. only in שֹׁאָה וּמ׳ Zp 1:15 Jb 30:3; 38:27, v. above; 2. pl. (מַשּׁוּאוֹת, read) מְשׁוֹאוֹת, so Klo Hup-Now Che Bae Du ψ 74:3 ruins (of temple) and 73:18 ruins (of one’s life, fig.; but Du here der.from נשׁא: deceptions, v. p. 674; yet cf. synon. שַׁמָּה v 19).

†[תְּשֻׁאָה S TWOT GK] n.f. noise (proposes of devastation, storm);—MT only pl. תְּשֻׁאוֹת abs. city noises Is 22:2 (of עִיר הוֹמִיָּה), adv. acc. = (with) shoutings Zc 4:7; so cstr. ת׳ נוֹגֵשׂ לֹא יִשְׁמָ֑ע Jb 39:7 (subj. wild ass); ת׳ סֻכָּתוֹ 36:29 (of thunder); read perhaps sg. תְּשֻׁוָה ( = תְּשֻׁאָה) Jb 30:22 Kt, dissolvest me in (or, into) the roar of the storm (|| make me ride on wind), so Ew Ol De Di Du Bu al.; > תֻּשִׁיָּה Qr AV my substance (?), Du מִתֻּשׁ׳ ‘ohne Halt’ (?).

שׁוּב S TWOT GK^, ₁₀₅₆ vb. turn back, return (NH id.; Hiph. in MI 8 f. 12; Sab. תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os ^{xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm ^{20, l. 1} Hom ¹²² CIS ^{iv. 81, 1. 9}, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ (ṯāba) return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ (tb));—Qal₆₈₅ Pf. 3 ms. שָׁב Gn 18:33 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫בָה Ru 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Ez 46:17 (Ges ^{72 o}, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2 ms. שַׁבְתָּ ψ 85:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּב Ho 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב ψ 146:4 La 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Ju 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gn 26:18 +; 3 fpl. תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ez 16:55⁽⁾, תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v 55, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּב Gn 31:3 +, שֻׁב Ex 4:19 1 K 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Ho 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Ru 1:8, 11, 12, etc.; Inf. abs. שׁוֹב Gn 8:3 +, cstr. שׁוּב Ex 4:21 +, שֹׁב Jos 2:16 (Ges ^{72 q}), etc.; Pt. שָׁב Gn 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Ru 1:22 +, etc.; pass. cstr. שׁוּבֵי Mi 2:8;—turn back, return: 1. turn back, c. מִן loc. Ju 3:19; 8:13, cf. 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. from following 2 S 11:15 1 K 19:21 Ru 1:16, from pursuing 2 S 2:26, 30 1 K 22:33 = 2 Ch 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit 1 S 17:53; 23:28, cf. 2 Ch 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. so as to follow 1 S 15:31 2 S 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Jb 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Pr 30:30 (of lion), so abs. (of foes) ψ 6:11; 56:10; 70:4, in shame La 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Gn 14:7 Ex 14:2, cf. Nu 33:7 (עַל loc., both P), Jos 8:21 (E), 11:10 (J), 1 Ch 21:20, sq. inf. 2 Ch 20:27; abs. turn back (face about) Ct 7:1⁽⁾ ( + vb.); = be repulsed, defeated ψ 9:4 ( + אָחוֹר), 74:21; fig. turn back, viz. from promise or vow Ju 11:35; c. מִן of service Nu 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt. 2. return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל pers. 1 S 17:15 (opp. הלך), 2 S 10:14 2 K 18:14, מִן pers. Jos 10:31 ( + בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן loc., especially from foreign land 2 K 8:3 2 Ch 10:2 Ru 1:6, 22; 2:6; 4:3 Je 31:16; 40:12; 43:5; 44:28 Ezr 6:21 Ne 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Gn 14:17 (JE?), 1 S 17:57; 18:6 2 S 1:1; 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1 S 24:2 (Gi v 1); fig., לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 15:22 (v. חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Ex 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, cf. (abs.) pt. as subst. עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zc 7:14; 9:8 and ( = all persons) Ez 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Gn 8:7 (J), רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Ez 1:14 (del. Hi Co Toy al.; yet v. Krae); Gn 8:3 (J) v. הלך 4 c (4). 3. especially return unto: a. go back, אֶל pers. Nu 23:5, 16 (JE), 2 K 1:6 (|| הָלַךְ, as often), Ex 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, 32:31 (E; id.), Nu 17:15 (P), 2 S 20:22 ( + acc. loc.), Je 46:16 (both + אֶל loc.), + 17 times; אֶל loc. also Gn 21:32; 28:21 (both E), 2 S 11:4 Ho 5:15 (of י׳), 2 Ch 19:1 ( + בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל pers.), Est 2:14 (opp. בּוֹא), 7:8 ( + מִן loc.), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Pr 26:11; ל loc. Gn 18:33 (J), 1 S 26:25; 29:4 1 K 19:15 ( + -ה loc.), Gn 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + id.), ψ 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל pers. †Ru 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה loc. also Gn 44:13 (J), Ex 4:20, 21 (R), 13:17 (E), + 5 times; שָׁם ( = שָׁ֫מָּה) Je 22:27; acc. loc. also Ho 8:13; 9:3 1 S 18:2 2 S 3:27; 15:27 ( + בְּשָׁלוֹם), 2 K 2:25 ( + מִן loc.), + 15 times; acc. דֶּרֶךָ Ez 46:9; acc. pers. †Nu 10:36; אַחֲרֵי pers. Ru 1:15; abs. 2 S 3:16; 19:16 ( + בּוֹא), 1 K 18:43 Je 40:5 (< del. G Gie Du), Ez 7:13b (del. G Co Krae al.) +; sq. vb., go back and do so and so, Gn 43:2 1 S 1:19; 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), 1 K 13:22 2 Ch 18:16 ( + בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Je 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); sq. inf. purpose Ju 14:8 2 S 6:20 + 10 times b. come back, אֶל pers. Gn 8:9 (J; + אֶל loc.), Ex 24:14 (J), 1 S 23:23 + 2 S 17:3 (G Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1 K 12:15 (opp. הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Ju 20:48; אֶל loc. also Zc 8:3 (subj. י׳); Jos 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת pers. + מִן loc. + אֶל loc. + אֶל pers.; אֶל rei Ez 7:13; עַל pers. †Ne 4:6 Mi 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל loc. †1 K 17:21, 22; ל loc. Jos 1:15 (R), Zc 1:16 (subj. י׳), 2 Ch 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Jb 39:4; -ה loc. †Gn 15:16 (E), 50:14 (J); acc. loc. †2 Ch 19:8; שָׁם Je 22:11 (opp. יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v 27, הֵ֫נָּה 31:8; abs. Gn 43:10 (J), 2 S 10:5 2 K 1:5 Is 21:12 (|| אָתָה), Jb 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Ju 8:9 1 K 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = 2 Ch 18:27, 2 Ch 18:26; + vb., come back and do so and so, †Dt 1:45; 30:8 Je 37:8 1 K 19:7; 20:5 2 K 9:36 ψ 60:2 (title), cf. Zc 4:1 Dn 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Nu 35:32 (P), שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Ec 5:14. † 4. a. of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Gn 3:19⁽⁾ (J), ψ 104:29 Ec 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Jb 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ ψ 146:4, cf. אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Jb 1:21 (v. Di Bu, also Ec 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה ψ 9:18; so prob. abs. ψ 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Ec 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v 7. b. of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Jb 7:10, abs. 10:21 (opp. הָלַךְ), 16:22 (id.), Pr 2:19; also c. אֶל pers. 2 S 12:23. † 5. fig. of human relations: a. return to leader, king, אֶל pers., Ju 11:8 1 K 12:27⁽⁾; to divorced wife Je 3:1 (opp. הלך). b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ pers. Je 15:19⁽⁾. c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל pers. ψ 119:79. d. return to a physical condition Jb 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Is 23:17 Ez 16:55⁽⁾ Ne 9:17 ψ 85:9 עַל rei Je 11:10, הֲלוֹם ψ 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Je 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב). e. abs. = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ 2 K 24:1, Je 34:11, 16; bad to good v 15; so שׁ׳ alone Jb 6:29⁽⁾ (prob.; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu al.; other interpr. De Du al.). f. pt. pass. = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mi 2:8 (> We Now שְׁבִי spoil of war). 6. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: a. turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Nu 14:43 (J), 1 S 15:11 1 K 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Je 3:19, Nu 32:15 Jos 22:16, 18, 23, 29 (all P); abs. (usually + vb.) Ju 2:19; 8:33 Jos 23:12 (R), Je 8:4 ψ 78:41 2 Ch 7:19. b. of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. Dt 23:15. c. turn back to God ( = seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Ho 6:1; 7:10; 14:3 Je 3:7 1 K 8:33, 48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים †Ho 5:4 ψ 51:15, cf. Is 10:21; עַל־י׳ †2 Ch 15:4; 30:9; עַד־י׳ Am 4:6, 8, 9, 10, 11 Ho 14:2 Is 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּי †Jb 22:23; לי׳ Is 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי ψ 116:7; cf. לַבַּעַל Ho 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Now, cf. Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Pr 1:23 (prob. del., v. Toy). d. abs. repent, Ho 3:5; 11:5 Is 6:10; 10:22 Je 3:7, 12, 14, 22; 4:1; 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as subst. Is 1:27. e. turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) 1 K 8:35; 13:33 Je 15:7; 18:8 + 8 times Je, Ez 3:19; 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; cf. שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Is 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ez 18:30, so c. מֵעַל 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Ez 3:20; 18:24, 26; 33:18. f. of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Ex 32:12 (JE), Dt 13:18 Jos 7:26 (J), 2 K 23:26 Jon 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Ho 14:5 Je 2:35; 4:8 Nu 25:4 (P), 2 Ch 12:12; 29:10; 30:8, so (man’s anger) Gn 27:45 (J) and (abs.) v 44 (E); abs. of אַף־י׳ Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4; 12:1 Je 23:20 (opp. יָצָא v 19), 30:24 Jb 14:13 Dn 9:16. g. of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל pers. †Gn 18:10 ( + inf. abs.), v 14 Zc 1:3 Mal 3:7 2 Ch 30:6, abs. Is 63:17 ψ 80:15 (|| הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), 90:13, + vb. Je 12:15 ψ 6:5 Jo 2:14 Jon 3:9; also in hostility, + vb. Jos 24:20 (E), c. inf. purpose Ho 11:9. h. of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Je 4:28, אֱמֶת ψ 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. cease to bless, Je 32:40. 7. of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life): a. as perceptibly moving, water Gn 8:3 (J; מֵעַל loc.), Jos 4:18 (J; ל loc.), Ex 14:26 (P; עַל pers.), v 28 (P; + vb.), ψ 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Ex 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind ψ 78:39 (opp. הלך), Ec 1:6 (עַל loc.); shadow 2 K 20:9, 10 ( + אֲחֹרַנִּית), || Is 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath ( = revive) Ju 15:19 1 S 30:12 (אֶל pers.); clouds Ec 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Is 55:10 (ה loc.); rolling stone Pr 26:27; sword 2 S 1:22 (מִן rei), Ez 21:10, arrow Je 50:9; of plague-spot = 4, Lv 14:43 (P). b. = be brought back, Gn 43:18 (J), 1 S 5:11 (ל loc.), hence be restored, ל pers. Ez 46:17, so of kingdom 1 K 12:26, city 1 S 7:14 (Ez 35:9 v. ישׁב 4), field Lv 27:24 (P); of animal Dt 28:31. c. = be turned into, ל rei, Is 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Mi 1:7. d. return, fig. of word, (1) Is 45:23, c. אֶל pers. 55:11 (both opp. יָצָא); (2) ψ 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du). e. turn away, depart, of infamy Pr 25:10. f. return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ 1 K 2:33 Ob 15 ψ 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Est 9:25, ל pers. ψ 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Pr 12:14. g. ψ 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith). h. of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), -ה loc. Jos 19:12 ( + מִן loc.), v 34 ( + acc. loc.), acc. loc. also v 27, 29 ( + עַד loc.), v 29. i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1 K 13:6⁽⁾ (אֶל pers.), leprous hand Ex 4:7 (J; c. ‍כ‍ comp.), flesh 2 K 5:10 (ל pers.), v 14 Lv 13:16 (|| נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן). † 8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges ^{120 d g}): + vb., return (and) do = do again, Gn 26:18; 30:31 Nu 11:4 (all J), Ju 19:7 1 S 3:5, 6 1 K 13:33; 19:6 2 K 1:11, 13; 19:9; 21:3 = 2 Ch 33:3, Je 18:4; 36:28 Zc 5:1; 6:1 Mal 1:4 Jb 10:16; 17:10 ψ 7:13 Dn 9:25, perhaps also 2 Ch 19:4; cf. Is 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), La 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + Inf. abs. Ec 4:1, 7; 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ez 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v 13 and (מִן comp.) v 15; שׁ׳ + Inf. cstr. Dt 24:4; 30:9 Jos 5:2 (R), Je 36:28 Ez 8:17 Ezr 9:14 Ne 9:28 Jb 7:7 Ec 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + vb. Jos 2:23 (E), Ho 2:11 2 K 13:25 Dt 30:3 Mi 7:19 Zc 8:15 ψ 71:20⁽⁾; 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + vb. Dt 23:14. 9. trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (v. שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Is 52:8, שׁ׳ c. sf. pers. ψ 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Na 2:3, cf. Hiph. 9. †Pō˓l. 1. bring back, Pf. 1 s. וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Je 50:19 (י׳ subj.), Inf. cstr. sf. בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן loc. Ez 39:27 and (fig.) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל pers. Is 49:5; Impf. 2 ms. תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ ψ 60:3 = take us back into power. 2. a. fig. restore, refresh, 3 ms. נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב ψ 23:3 (י׳ subj.); cf. Hiph. 2 b. b. restore, repair, Pt. מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Is 58:12. 3. lead away (enticingly), Pf. 1 s. sf. (of God), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Ez 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ 39:2; so fig. 3 fs. sf. וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Is 47:10 (of Bab.);—Je 50:6 v. I. שׁוֹבָב. 4. shew turning = apostatize (cf. Hiph. 8), Pf. 3 fs. שׁוֹבְבָה Je 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. G).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra. †Pu˓l. Pt. f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Ez 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra. Hiph.₃₅₃ Pf. 3 ms. Gn 41:13 +; sf. וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Dt 28:68; 2 ms. הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ ψ 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Dt 4:39; 30:1, sf. וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם 2 Ch 6:25; 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Am 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Nu 22:8 +, sf. וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zc 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, v. ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיב Ex 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Dn 11:18, 19 > Qr v 18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gn 20:14 +; sf. יְשִׁבֵנִי 2 S 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2 Ch 19:4 + 1 S 12:8 Vrss We Dr al.; 3 fpl. תָּשֵׁבְנָה Jb 20:10, etc.; Imv. ms. הָשֵׁב Gn 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2 K 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Is 42:22, so הָשַׁ֭ב Ez 21:35 (v. Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Ju 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב Ex 23:4 +; cstr. הָשִׁיב Gn 42:35 +, etc.; Pt. מֵשִׁיב 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back: 1. a. c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Gn 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), 28:15 (J), 42:37 (E), 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile 1 K 8:34 = 2 Ch 6:25, Je 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל pers. 1 K 22:26 = 2 Ch 18:25; + עַל loc. Je 16:15; 23:3; 24:6; + ל loc. 12:15; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr al.), Dt 28:68 Ez 29:14; 47:6 2 Ch 33:13, etc.; + מִן loc. Je 41:16 Zc 10:10, מֵאֵת pers. Je 41:16, מִן inf. 2 Ch 25:13; acc. pers. only Ju 19:3 1 K 13:20, 23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Je 34:11, 16; = allow to return 15:19; acc. pers. + rei ( = recover, recapture), 28:6 ( + אֶל loc., מִן loc.); = recover, rescue, Gn 14:16 (acc. pers. + rei), ψ 35:17 (acc. נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); acc. rei + אֶל pers. Gn 44:8 (J), + עַל pers. Ex 15:9 (song), Pr 20:26; + אֶל loc. 1 K 14:28 = 2 Ch 12:11, Je 28:3 2 Ch 24:11; acc. of hand, אֶל־פֶּה 1 S 14:27 Pr 19:24 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, sq. עַל Am 1:8 Is 1:25 Zc 13:7 ψ 81:15, also of man’s hand Je 6:9 Ez 38:12; + acc. loc. 2 S 15:25, 29; + שָׁם Ne 13:9; acc. rei alone Gn 43:12, 21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), 14:16 ( = recapture), 1 S 6:21; 30:19 1 K 13:29 (corpse), Lv 26:26 (H); c. acc. animal. 1 S 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ez 34:4, 16 (fig.); shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8.—Jb 39:12 v. Qal 3 b. b. put back: acc. rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Gn 29:3 (J), veil עַל־פָּנָיו Ex 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ 1 S 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Nu 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1 Ch 21:27 Ez 21:35 (acc. om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Ex 4:7⁽⁾ (J; opp. הוֹצִיא). c. = draw back, hand Gn 38:29 (J), 1 K 13:4 (opp. שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Jos 8:26 (E; opp. נטה), so fig., י׳ subj. La 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), ψ 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from La 2:8 Ex 18:8, 17 (i.e. from oppressing), 20:22 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Is 58:13 (fig.); draw in breath Jb 9:18. d. = give back, restore, acc. pers. vel rei: + ל pers. Gn 20:14 (E), v 7 (E; acc. om.), Ex 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Dt 22:1 (id.; both acc. animal.), 24:13 (id.), Ex 22:25 (E), Ju 17:3⁽⁾, 4 1 S 12:3 2 S 9:7 Dt 22:2 (P), Ne 5:11, so 2 S 16:3 1 K 12:21 = 2 Ch 11:1 (all acc. of kingdom), c. acc. צְדָקָה Jb 33:26; + אֶל pers. Gn 37:22 (E; acc. pers.); + אֶל loc. 42:25 (E); acc. rei only, 2 K 8:6 Ez 18:7 (read Inf. abs., שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), 18:12; 33:15 Lv 5:23 (P), Nu 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), ψ 69:5 (opp. גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Ju 11:13 1 K 20:34 Ne 5:12, cf. 2 K 14:28 ( + בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 16:6 ( + לַאֲרָם); = win back 2 K 13:25; 14:22 ( + ל terr.) = 2 Ch 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2 K 14:25; restore ruined city Dn 9:25 ( + לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation ψ 80:4, 8, 20; joy, acc. + ל pers. ψ 51:14.—2 S 8:3 v. יָד 2.—Acc. pers. only, Gn 20:7 (E), Is 42:22; restore to office, acc. pers. + עַל Gn 40:13, 21 (E), אֶל loc. 2 S 19:12, acc. pers. only, 2 S 19:11, 13, 44, cf. Is 1:26; = pay back money, Lv 25:27 (ל pers.), v 51, 52. e. = relinquish, c. acc. rei, Jb 20:10. f. = give in payment, requital, c. acc. rei + appos. 1 S 6:8 (ל pers.), v 17 (id.; cf. טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), acc. rei 2 K 17:3 ψ 72:10, + ל pers. 2 K 3:4 2 Ch 27:5; give in exchange Ez 27:15. g. bring one back (from dead) 2 S 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Jb 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Jb 10:9 = מָוֶת (acc.) 30:23, cf. עַד־דַּכָּא ψ 90:3. † 2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל pers. Mal 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ La 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Ne 9:26 (cf. v 29), 2 Ch 19:4; 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Je 23:22, abs. 31:18. b. acc. נֶפֶשׁ = refresh La 1:11, 16, 19 ψ 19:8 Pr 25:13 Ru 4:15. 3. bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Ex 19:8 (E); then, in gen., bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + acc. pers. Gn 37:14 Nu 13:26; 22:8 (all E), Dt 1:22, 25 Jos 14:7 (R), 22:32 (P), + 8 times; = answer 1 S 17:30 2 S 3:11 1 K 12:6 = 2 Ch 10:6 + 6 times, + (acc. מִלִּין) Jb 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Jb 13:22; 20:2; 33:5, 32 2 Ch 10:16 Ne 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); acc. אֲמָרִים + ל pers. Ju 5:29 Pr 22:21; later c. ל pers. alone 1 S 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל pers. Est 4:13, 15; similar phrases, Ez 9:11 Pr 18:13; 24:26; 26:16 Hb 2:1 Jb 31:14; 32:14 (Gi v 15), 40:4. 4. a. bring back (in retribution), cf. Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, acc. of evil, Ju 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Ju 9:57 1 S 25:39 1 K 2:44 Jo 4:4, 7, עַל־רֹאשׁ 1 K 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Ne 3:36; ל pers. Gn 50:15 (E), 1 S 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v 4 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; abs. = make requital, ל pers. 2 Ch 6:23 + (‍כ‍ comp.) Ho 12:3 Pr 24:12, 29; †c. acc. of good, ל pers. 1 S 26:23 2 S 16:12 Zc 9:12; c. ‍כ‍ comp. + ל pers. ψ 18:21, 25 = 2 S 22:21, 25, and (‍כ‍ comp. only) 2 Ch 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, acc. rei + לי׳ ψ 116:12, cf. Nu 18:9 (P). b. pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Ex 21:34 (E); so (fig.) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Dt 32:41, 43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Is 66:15. 5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי 2 K 18:24 = Is 36:9, acc. מִלְחָמָה Is 28:6, acc. of sword ψ 89:44, acc. pers. + אָחוֹר ψ 44:11 ( + מִנִּי pers.), Is 44:25 (fig., = refute, confute), fig. of calamity La 1:13; = repulse, hinder Je 2:24, especially acc. Is 14:27 (יַד־י׳), cf. 43:13, Jb 9:12; 11:10; 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ 1 K 2:16, 17, 20⁽⁾ 2 Ch 6:42 ψ 132:10. † 6. a. turn away face, fig., + מֵעַל rei Ez 14:6; acc. pers. + מִן rei Mal 2:6; anger of י׳ (acc.) + מֵעַל pers. Nu 25:11 (P), Pr 24:18, מִן pers. Je 18:20 Ezr 10:14; acc. only, Jb 9:13 ψ 78:38; 106:23; acc. of human anger Pr 15:1; 29:8. b. late, turn toward, acc. face, ל loc. Dn 11:18, 19, acc. foot, אֶל rei ψ 119:59 (fig.). † 7. turn against, אֶל־אֵל, c. acc. רוּחֶ֑ךָ Jb 15:13. 8. לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, c. acc. La 3:21, sq. cl. with כִּ׳ Dt 4:39 (cf. Dr), obj. om. 30:1 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Is 44:19, + (עַל) 46:8. 9. הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Je 32:44; 33:7, 11; 49:6 La 2:14 Ez 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Je 33:26; 49:39 Jo 4:1 (v. Qal 9). † 10. Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Ez 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), cf. (מִן) 18:30, abs. הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v 32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ ψ 85:4 (but read prob. הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Jon 1:13 (אֶל loc.; We Now sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.). † 11. reverse, revoke, acc. (sf.) rei, i.e. judgment, Am 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1, 4, 6; blessing Nu 23:20 (poem in E), edict Est 8:5, 8. †Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּשֵׁב Gn 42:28 my money has been returned! cf. Pt. הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Nu 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; pl. מוּשָׁבִים Je 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן loc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Ex 10:8 (J; cf. Ges ^{121 a, b}) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל pers.

†שׁוּבָה S TWOT GK n.f. retirement, withdrawal (from war, etc., cf. Mi 2:8);—Is 30:15.

†ii. [שִׁיבָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] cstr. שִׁיבַת restoration (?) ψ 126:1, but read שְׁבִית, v. sub שָׁבָה.—i. שִׁיבָה v. ישׁב.

†i. שׁוֹבָב S^, TWOT GK^, adj. backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, Pt. Pō˓l. Ol^{§ 251 b} Ges ^{52 s} Kö^{. 454});—שׁ׳ Is 57:17; pl. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Je 3:14, 22.—שׁובבים Je 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם G Comm., cf. √ Pō˓l.

†ii. שׁוֹבָב S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.: 1. son of David 2 S 5:14 = 1 Ch 14:4, 1 Ch 3:5. 2. son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18.

†שׁוֹבֵב S TWOT GK adj. backturning, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹ׳, v. i. שׁוֹבָב);—as subst., לְשׁו׳ Mi 2:4 (but read prob. שׁוֹבֵינוּ our captors); f. הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Je 31:22 (of Israel), 49:4 (of Ammon).

†יָשׁוּב S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. usually Ιασουβ;— 1. in Issachar Nu 26:24 (P) 1 Ch 7:1 Qr (Kt ישיב). 2. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:29.—Is 7:3 v. שְׁאָר יָשׁוּב.

†יָשֻׁבִי adj.gent. of foregoing 1; c. art. as subst. coll. הַיּ׳ Nu 26:24.

†יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:22; GL ἐπέστρεψαν ἑαυτοῖς Λεεμ.

†יָֽשָׁבְעָם S GK n.pr.m. a hero of David;—1 Ch 11:11, 12:7, 27:2 (ישֵׁב בַּשֶּׁבֶת, q.v. p. 444 supra, in 2 S 23:8, v. Dr); Ιεσεβαδα, Ιεσσεβααλ, Ισβααμ, etc.; read in all אִשְׁבַּעַל We al.

†יוּ֥שַׁב חֶסֶ֖ר n.pr.m. son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3:20; Αροβασουκ, GL Ιωσαβεε.

†[מְשׁוּבָה S TWOT^, GK], מְשֻׁבָה n.f. turning back, apostasy;—abs. מְשֻׁבָה Je 3:6 +; cstr. מְשׁוּבַת Pr 1:32; sf. מְשׁוּבָתָם Ho 14:5; pl. sf. מְשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם Je 3:22, etc.;—backturning, apostasy, of Isr., Ho 14:5, מְשׁוּבָתִי 11:7 apostasy from me (si vera l.); of Judah Je 2:19; 3:22; 5:6; 8:5; 14:7 (all pl.) + Ez 37:23 (read מְשׁוּבֹתֵיהֶם for מוֹשְׁ׳, G Comm.); מ׳ נִצַּחַת Je 8:5 enduring, perpetual apostasy; also as n. concr., appos. of foll. word, מְשֻׁבָה יִשׂ׳ Je 3:6, 8, 11, 12 apostate one, Israel. Of individual, מְשׁוּבַת פְּתָיִם Pr 1:32.

†מְשׁוֹבָב S GK n.pr.m. in Simeon, 1 Ch 4:34; Μοσωβαβ, GL ἐπιστρέφων.

†[תְּשׁוּבָה S TWOT GK] n.f. return, answer;— 1. sf. וּתְשֻׁבָתוֹ הָרָמָ֫תָה 1 S 7:17 and his return was ( = he returned) to Rama. 2. especially cstr. לִתְשׁוּבַת הַשָּׁנָה at the return of the year, i.e. of spring, 2 S 11:1 1 K 20:22, 26 2 Ch 36:10, לְעֵת תְּשׁ׳ הַשּׁ׳ 1 Ch 20:1 (|| 2 S 11:1). 3. answer, pl. abs. תְּשֻׁבֹת Jb 34:36, sf. תְּשׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם 21:34.

שׁוּבָאֵל S GK v. שְׁבוּאֵל (cf. Sab. n.pr. תֿובאל Os ^{xix (1865), 198 n.} Hal ⁴⁸⁵ DHM ^{xxxvii (1883), 16}).

†שׁוֹבַךְ S GK n.pr.m. Aramaean general, 2 S 10:16, 18 (Σωβακ, GL Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ 1 Ch 19:16, 18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σαβαχ, GL Σωφακ).

שׁוֹבָל S GK n.pr. v. שׁבל.

שׁוֹבָק, שׁוֹבֵק S GK n.pr. v. שׁבק.

שׁוג TWOT (√ of following; || form of שׁגג, שׁגה).

†[מְשׁוּגָה S TWOT GK] n.f. error;—sf. מְשׁוּגָתִי Jb 19:4 (? read מְשֻׁגָּתִי).

שׁוֹד Jb 5:21 van d. H., for i. שֹׁד q.v. sub שׁדד.

[שׁוּד] vb., יָשׁוּד ψ 91:6 v. שׁדד.

†I. שָׁוָה S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى (swy) ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ (šwo) be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Jb 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, i.e. (v. infra; according to most) not requited (so De Di Da, and Is 16:6 T); Bu אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Du לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (cf. G); Impf. 1 s. of י׳, אֶל־מִי … אֶשְׁוֶה Is 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (|| תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3 mpl. לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Pr 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so 8:11; 2 ms. פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Pr 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); Pt. שֹׁוֶה בְּ Est 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for 3:8, so 1:22 Hi Or Ry (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but v. Siegf.); adequate for 5:13. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁוָּה Is 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי ψ 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Is 38:13 B Ges De al., Houb Lo Che Du al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; acc. מִשְׁפָּטִים 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (|| דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hi, cf. Gr v 128 (v. Qal Est 3:8); We ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, cf. ψ 16:8); Zenner Du אִוִּיתִי. Hiph. make like: Impf. 1 s. מָה אַשְׁוֶה־לָךְ La 2:13 (|| אֲדַמֶּה); 2 mpl. לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Is 46:5 (cf. Qal 40:25). Nithp. (appar.) Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Pr 27:15 are alike, but read prob. Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Ges ^{75 x} Toy al.—תשׁוה Jb 30:22 Kt v. II. שׁוא.

†i. שָׁוֵה S TWOT GK n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Gn 14:5 (v. ק׳ p. 900a; ק׳ appos. according to Ol ^{277 c} Lag ⁴³;? read שְׁוֵה); Σαυη.

†ii. שָׁוֵה S TWOT GK in n.pr.loc. עֵמֶק שׁ׳ Gn 14:17 (v. ע׳); Σαυη.

†יִשְׁוָה S GK n.pr.m. in Asher, Gn 46:17 = 1 Ch 7:30; Ιεσσαι, Ισουα, Ιεσους, etc.

†i. יִשְׁוִי S^, GK^, n.pr.m. 1. in Asher, Gn 46:17 = 1 Ch 7:30, Nu 26:44; Ιεουλ, Ιουλ, Ισουι, Ιεσου, etc. 2. a son of Saul 1 S 14:49; Ιεσσιου(λ), but read אישׁבעל as 1 Ch 8:33; 9:39 (v. אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת p. 36a), cf. We Dr al.

†ii. יִשְׁוִי S^, GK^, adj.gent. of foregoing 1; c. art. as n. coll. הַיִּ׳, Nu 26:44.

†II. [שָׁוָה S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. Pi. set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. T שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often T = שׂום, שׁית); Thes al. sub I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened from orig. make even, right, cf. Vulg.Ar. سَوَى (sawā) ii. make (Wahrm, cf. also BA ⁶⁶));—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי ψ 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, cf. 21:6; Pt. מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי ךְּ 2 S 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = ψ 18:34 (cf. T שַׁזִּי ךְּ Gn 48:20 Je 29:22, for שׂים ךְּ);—Is 38:13 v. I. שׁוה;—Impf. = make, produce, 3 ms. פְּרִי יְשַׁזֶּה לוֹ Ho 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., v. We Now (|| עשׂה פְּרִי Ho 9:16, cf. 8:7).

†[שׁוּחַ S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. sink down (Buhl disting. this as II. שׁ׳ (Arabic وَاخَ (و) (wāḫa (w)) sink down, MI ^{9. 23} אשוח prob. depression, excavation, reservoir, so אשיח Ecclus 50:3), and hence שָׁ֫חָה Pr 2:18, si vera l., and foll. deriv., from I. שׁ׳ melt away (Arabic ساح (ى) (s˒ḥ (y)) flow and spread, melt away, Ethiopic ሴሐ (seḥa) I. 2 cause to dwindle, ሲሕ (siḥ) phthisis Aramaic שׁוּחַ, ܫܳܚ (šoḥ) flow or melt away, vanish), whence La 3:20 ψ 44:26; but insuff. evidence for I. שׁ׳ in Heb.);—sink down, Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָׁ֫חָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשֵׁנוּ ψ 44:26 (|| דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ); שׁ׳ אֶל־מָוֶת בֵּיתָהּ Pr 2:18 (|| אֶל־רְפָאִים; but ב׳ masc., read שָׁחָה, √ שׁחה, Albr ^{xvi (1896), 82}, so Toy); Impf. 3 fs. תָּשׁוּחַ עָלַי נַפְשִׁי La 3:26 Qr, Hiph. declar. תָּשִׁיחַ Kt, of depression of mind.—ψ 49:15 Gr reads שָׁחוּ for MT שַׁתּוּ but v. שׁתת.—Hithp. ψ 42, 43 v. שׁחח.

†שׁוּחָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ Je 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); fig., כָּרָה שׁ׳ לִי Je 18:20, so v 22 (Qr); עֲמֻקָּה Pr 23:27 deep pit (in fig. of harlot), cf. 22:14.

†שִׁיחָה S TWOT^, GK n.f. id.;—כרה שׁ׳ Je 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), ψ 57:7; pl. כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת 119:85.

†שַׁ֫חַת S TWOT^{, ,} GK n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ ψ 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת 16:10 +; cstr. שַׁ֫חַת Is 38:17 ψ 35:7; sf. שַׁחְתָּם Ez 19:4, 8 ( + שַׁחְתֹּה ψ 35:8b We);— 1. pit, for catching lion (in fig.) Ez 19:4, 8; fig. פעל שׁ׳ ψ 7:16; c. עשׂה 9:16; c. חפר 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה 94:13 Pr 26:27; + ψ 35:8b S We (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Jb 9:31. 2. pit of Sh^e’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Jb 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ ψ 16:10 (|| שְׁאוֹל), 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Ez 28:8, and ψ 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Jb 33:22; יָמוּת Is 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Jb 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ ψ 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Is 38:17 (poem), c. חְשֹׂךְ Jb 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Jon 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Jb 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל ψ 103:4; personif. Jb 17:14 (|| רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (cf., from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Pr 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).

†שׁוּחַ S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳeturah, Gn 25:2 1 Ch 1:32; Σωυε, Σωε, Σουε.—In Assyrian Šuḫi is named as Aramaean land on Euphr. (left bank Tiele ¹⁵³ < right bank, cf. especially Schr ^{142 f.}; it had, however, dependencies on left bank) by TP I. (KB ^{i. 33}), Ašurnaṣirp. (Id. ^{ib. 99, 101}).

†ii. שׁוּחָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr. ‘son’ of חוּר, 1 Ch 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v 4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), v. ח׳.

†שׁוּחִי S GK, שֻׁחִי adj.gent. of שׁוּחַ (Hilpr^{Assyriaca i (1894), 56} cp. Assyrian ^mSu-ḫa-ai);—בִּלְדַּד הַשּׁו׳ Jb 2:11; 8:1; 42:9; הַשּׁ׳ 18:1; 25:1; ὁ Σαυχ(ε)ιτης, (Σαυχαιων).

†שׁוּחָם S GK n.pr.m. in Dan, Nu 26:42, Σαμ(ε)ι, Σαμε; = ii. חוּשִׁים, חֻשִׁים Gn 46:23, Ασομ.

†שׁוּחָמִי S GK adj.gent. of foregoing; c. art. הַשּׁ׳ as n. coll. Nu 26:42.

[יְשׁוֹחָיָה S GK] n.pr.m. v. sub שׁחח.

†I. שׁוּט S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^, vb. go or rove about (NH Aramaic שׁוּט rove, row (Jon 1:13), swim (Is 25:11), stroke, besmear; v. also שׁוֹט);—Qal go or rove about: Pf. 3 pl., abs. שָׁטוּ הָעָם Nu 11:8 (J; gathering manna), so, c. ב loc., Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֻׁטוּ 2 S 24:8, Imv. ms. שׁוּט־נָא v 2, Inf. cstr. שׁוּט Jb 1:7, שֻׁט 2:2 (both || הִתְהַלֵּךְ), perhaps also Gn 24:63 (לָשׁוּט for לָשׂוּחַ, so S Thes ¹³²² cf. Di Gunk Dr); Je 8:6 Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב.—Pt. שָׁטִים v. שׁוּט denom. infr. Pō˓l. go eagerly, quickly, to and fro: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹטְטוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ Am 8:12 (|| וְנָעוּ); abs. יְשֹׁטְטוּ Dn 12:4; c. ב loc., Imv. mpl. שׁוֹטְטוּ Je 5:1, Pt. pl. מְשׁוֹטְטִים Zc 4:10, מְשֹׁטְטוֹת 2 Ch 16:9 (both of עֵינֵי י׳). Hithpō˓l. Imv. fpl., ב loc., הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָה Je 49:3 run to and fro.

†שׁוֹט S TWOT GK^, n.m. Is 28:15 scourge, whip (NH id., so Arabic سَوْطٌ, سَاطَ (و) (sawṭun, sāṭa (w)) mix, stir about and beat; Ethiopic ሰውጥ (sawwəṭ) Aramaic שׁוֹטָא, ܫܰܘܛܳܐ (šawṭo); from foregoing? cf. Germ. streifen; or onomat., cf. swish, switch?);—שׁ׳ abs. Is 10:26 +, cstr. Jb 5:21; pl. שׁוֹטִים 1 K 12:11 +;— 1. scourge, for chastisement, 1 K 12:11, 14 = 2 Ch 10:11, 12 (all c. vb. יִסַּר); fig. of national scourge (wielded by י׳) Is 10:26; 28:15 (Qr; > Kt שׁיט), v 18 (both שׁ׳ שׁוֹטֵף, v. שׁטף), calamity Jb 9:23; lash of (accusing) tongue Jb 5:21 (read מִשּׁ׳ as G). 2. whip, for horse, קוֹל שׁ׳ Na 3:2 i.e. crack of whip, שׁ׳ לַסּוּס Pr 26:3 (|| שֵׁבֶט לְגֵו כְּסִילִים).

†שֹׁטֵט S TWOT GK n.[m.] scourge;—abs. שׁ׳ בְּצִדֵּיכֶם Jos 23:13 (D; national scourge; < read שׁוֹטִים).

†שַׁ֫יִט S TWOT GK n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳ Is 33:21 rowing vessel;—28:15 Kt v. שׁוֹט.

†[שׁוּט S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ] vb.denom. row;—Pt. pl. שָׁמִים rowers Ez 27:8, 26 (of Tyre as ship).

†מָשׁוֹט S TWOT GK n.[m.] oar;—תֹּפְשֵׂי מ׳ Ez 27:29.

†[מִשּׁוֹט TWOT] n.[m.] id.; pl. sf. מִשּׁוֹטַ֫יִךְ Ez 27:6 (Kö^{. 153}, cf. Ges ^{72 e}), made of oak-trees.

†II. [שׁוּט S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^, ] vb. treat with despite, only Ezek. (Aramaic שׁוּט, ܫܳܛ (šoṭ) despise; cf. perhaps Assyrian šâṭu, rebel Meissn);—only Qal Pt., c. acc. pers.: mpl. (subst.) הַשָּׁאטִים אוֹתָם Ez 28:24, 26 (Kö^{. 1, 108, 346} Ges ^{72 p}); fpl. בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים הַשָּׁאטוֹת אוֹתָךְ 16:57 (Kö^{ib. 189}).

†שְׁאָט S TWOT GK n.[m.] despite, contempt (expanded from שׁוּט supr., Kö^{. 439; . 1, 486});—abs. בִּשׁ׳ בְּנֶפֶשׁ Ez 25:15 with despite in the soul; cstr. בִּשׁ׳ נֶפֶשׁ 36:5; sf. בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ בְּנ׳ 25:6 (Ges ^{23 c} Kö^{. 1. 67}).

שׁול TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَوِلَ (sawila) hang down loose).

†[שׁוּל S TWOT GK] n.m. Is 6:1 skirt, of robe;—pl. cstr. שׁוּלֵי Ex 28:34 +; sf. שׁוּלַיִךְ Na 3:5 +, שׁוּלָיו Is 6:1 +, שׁוּלֶיהָ La 1:9;—skirts; ofא׳’s train, in vision Is 6:1; elsewhere of city personif. as woman, in phrase of ignominy, הָשַׂפְתִּי שׁוּלַיִךְ Je 13:26, גִּלֵּיתִי שׁ׳ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ Na 3:5, נִגְלוּ שׁ׳ וגו׳ Je 13:22; of defilement, טֻמְאָתָהּ בְּשׁ׳ La 1:9; of high priest’s robe Ex 28:33⁽⁾, 34 = 39:24, 25, 26 (all P).

שׁוֹלָל S TWOT GK v. שׁלל.

†שׁוּלַמִּית S GK usually expl. as adj.gent. f. Shulammite;—c. art. as n. הַשּׁ׳ heroine of Song of Songs Ct 7:1⁽⁾; = Shunammite (from שׁוּנֵם, mod. Sûlem), B Σουμανεῖτις; but א A Σουλαμιτις;? cp. Nab. n.pr.f. שלימת = سَلِيمَةُ, سُلَيْمَةٌ (salīmatu, sulaymatun) Lzb³⁷⁶.

†[שׁוּם S TWOT GK] n.[m.] garlic;—pl. שׁוּמִים Nu 11:5 (J) (allium sativum, Linn, Thes Löw ³³⁶ Post ^{ii. 110} Tristr ⁴⁴⁸ (or allium Ascalonicum, cf. Buhl, after Tristr ⁴³⁰; v. this and Post ⁷⁸⁹ for many kinds of allium); Arabic ثُومٌ (ṯūmun) Aramaic תּוּמָא, ܬܽܘܡܳܐ (tumo), Assyrian šûmu).

שֻׁמָתִי S GK v [שֻׁמָה] infra (p. 1029).

†שׁוּנִי S^, GK^, 1. n.pr.m. in Gad, Gn 46:16 Nu 26:15; Σαυν(ε)ις, Σουνει, Σωυνι. 2. adj.gent. of 1, c. art. = n. coll. Nu 26:15.

†שׁוּנֵם S GK n.pr.loc. in Issachar;—Jos 19:18 (P), 1 S 28:4 2 K 4:8; Σουναν[μ], Σωμαν, Σουμαν, GL Jos Συνημ; in Egyptian Ša-n-m-â, Ša-na-mḁ WMM ¹⁷⁰; mod. Sûlem, N. of Zer˓în (jezreel), Buhl ²¹⁷, cf. GASm ^{400 ff.}.

†שׁוּנַמִּית adj.gent.f. of foregoing: 1. אֲבִישַׁג הַשּׁ׳ 1 K 1:3, 15; 2:17, 21 (הַשֻּׁ׳), v 22 (id.). 2. הַשּׁ׳ 2 K 4:12, 25, 36.

†[שָׁוַע S TWOT GK] vb. Pi. cry out for help (Gerb ³³ thinks denom. from שַׁוְעָה, and this from √ akin to ישׁע deliver);—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוַּעְתִּי ψ 30:3 + 3 times; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Jb 24:12; 2 ms. תְּשַׁזַּע Is 58:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁזְּעִי