†[שָׁחַד S TWOT GK] vb. give a present, bribe (Ecclus 35:14; Aramaic שְׁחַד, ܫܚܰܕ (šḥad) bribe; perhaps also Assyrian šidê, gifts, Dl^{WB 643});—Qal Impf. 2 fs., acc. pers. וַתִּשְׁחֳדִי אוֹתָם Ez 16:23 thou didst bribe them to come (לָבוֹא; || נָתַן נְדָנִים); read prob. also Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁחֲדָהּ Is 47:11 to buy it off (for MT שַׁחְרָה, so Kr Gr Buhl Che ¹⁴², cf. Marti; v. Pr 6:35); Imv. mpl. שִׁחֲדוּ בַעֲדִי (Ges ^{64 a}) Jb 6:22 give a bribe for me.

†שֹׁ֫חַד S TWOT GK n.m. present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Is 1:23 + 22 times;—bribe, usually to pervert justice, obj. of לָקַח Ex 23:8a (E), = Dt 16:19a, Dt 10:17 1 S 8:3 2 Ch 19:7 ψ 15:5 Pr 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Dt 27:25 Ez 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳ Is 1:23; cf. also 5:23; 33:15 Ex 23:8b (E) = Dt 16:19b, Mi 3:11 ψ 26:10 Pr 17:8; 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳ Jb 15:34, i.e. abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳ Pr 6:35 (|| כֹּפֶר) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (cf. Toy); שׁ׳ elsewhere (c. שָׁלַח) of bribing king to take sides 1 K 15:19 2 K 16:8, cf. Is 45:13 (|| מְחִיר).

[שָׁחָה S TWOT GK]₁₇₂ vb. bow down (NH id.; J.Aram שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);—Qal Imv. fs. שְׁחִי Is 51:23 bow down. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Pr 12:25, fig., anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opp. שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpa˓lēl₁₇₀ (Ges ^{75 kk}) Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ez 46:2; 2 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Dt 4:19 + 3 times; 1 s. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי 1 S 16:4 + 2 times; 3 mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Je 8:2, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 S 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Is 44:17 +; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Gn 49:8 +; 2 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Gn 33:6; 37:7, etc.; Imv. fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי ψ 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 29:2 +; Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Gn 37:10 +; sf. הִשְׁתַּחְ֖ויָ֨תִי֨ 2 K 5:18 (but G B and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); Pt. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 K 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Ez 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;— 1. bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.: a. c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.v.), 1 S 24:9 Gn 43:28 (J) 2 S 14:4, 22 Ru 2:10 1 K 1:31 2 K 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Est 3:2⁽⁾, 5. b. c. ל, sq. phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה 2 S 14:33 1 K 1:23; לאפים Gn 48:12 (E) 2 S 18:28; אפים Gn 42:6 (E) + 4 times; om. אפים 33:3 (J) + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Is 60:14. c. c. לְ pers. only, Gn 23:7 (P) 27:29⁽⁾; 37:9 (E), 49:8 Ex 11:8 (J) + 8 times; c. לפני Gn 23:12 (P); c. אל Is 45:14 (|| התפלּל); abs. Gn 33:6, 7⁽⁾ (J), Ex 18:7 (E) 2 S 9:8; 16:4 Is 49:7. 2. before God, in worship, etc.: a. c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Ex 34:8 (J); ארצה om. Gn 24:26, 48 (J) + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה 2 Ch 7:3; כרע 29:29; נפל ארצה Jb 1:20; נפל לפני 2 Ch 20:18. b. sq. phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Ne 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Gn 24:52 (J); השׁ׳ ונכרעה ψ 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ 29:2; 96:9 = 1 Ch 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) ψ 5:8; 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים 99:5; 132:7. c. c. לְ only: 1 S 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ GL and mod.), 15:25 Je 7:2 ψ 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Dt 26:10 Is 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ loc. Is 27:13; c. לְ loc. ψ 99:9; abs. Gn 22:5 (E) Ju 7:15 + 5 times; acc. loc. Ex 33:10 (E) Je 26:2 Ez 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Is 36:7 = 2 K 18:22 = 2 Ch 32:12; c. על loc. Gn 47:31 (J) 1 K 1:47 Ez 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Ex 24:1 (E). d. before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Jos 5:14 Nu 22:31; sq. אפים ארצה Gn 19:1; ארצה 18:2 (all J). 3. before other gods: abs. Is 2:20; 44:15, 17; 46:6; acc. loc. 2 K 5:18⁽⁾; 19:37; = Is 37:38; c. לְ, Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9 (10 words), Ex 23:24 (E), Nu 25:2 (J), Jos 23:7 (D), Dt 8:19; 11:16 1 K 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Lv 26:1 (H); לפני 2 Ch 25:14 (|| קטּר).

†[שְׁחוּת S TWOT GK] n.f. pit (cf. שַׁ֫חַת from שׁוח);—sf. בִּשְׁחוּתוֹ הוּא יִפּוֹל Pr 28:10.

†[שְׁחִית S TWOT GK] n.f. id.;—pl. sf. נִלְכַּד בִּשְׁחִיתוֹתָם La 4:20, וִימַלֵּט מִשּׁ׳ ψ 107:20.

שִׁחוֹר v. שִׁיחוֹר.

שְׁחוֹר S TWOT GK v. I. שׁחר.

†[שָׁחַח S TWOT GK] vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch (NH id.; TelAm. šaḫâhu (Wkl ^Vocab.), prostrate oneself, prob. Canaanism; Assyrian šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשַׁח Is 2:11, 17, 1 s. שַׁח֫וֹתִי ψ 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי 35:14, 3 pl. שָֽׁתֲחוּ Jb 9:13, שַׁחוּ Hb 3:6 Pr 14:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָשֹׁחַ ψ 10:10, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Jb 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ ψ 107:39; Inf. cstr. ( = abs., as adv., Ges ^{118 q} Kö^{. 2, §§ 221, 402 d} cf. also Ba ¹⁶⁴) שְׁחוֹח Is 60:14;— 1. be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳, Is 2:11, 17 (both || שָׁפֵל), Hb 3:6 (of hills), Jb 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳), ψ 107:39 ( + מָעַט); by man 10:10. 2. bow in homage, לִפְנֵי pers. Pr 14:19; וְהָֽלְכוּ אֵלַיִךְ שְׁחוֹחַ Is 60:14 (|| הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ). 3. bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), ψ 35:14; 38:7. 4. crouch, of wild beast in lair Jb 38:40. Niph. Impf. be prostrated, humbled: וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם Is 2:9 (|| שָׁפֵל) = 5:15 (|| id.); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ec 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Is 29:4 (|| שָׁפֵל). Hiph. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; Pf. 3 ms. הֵשַׁח Is 25:12 26:5 (both || הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpō˓. be cast down, despairing: Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחָ֑ח ψ 42:7, 2 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v 6, 12; 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).

†שַׁח S TWOT GK adj. low, lowly;—cstr. שַׁח עֵינַיִם Jb 22:29 lowly of eyes, humble.

†[יְשׁוֹחָיָה S GK] n.pr.m. in Simeon (meaning?);—וִישׁ׳ 1 Ch 4:36; Ιασουια, Ιεσουια.

שָׁחַט S^, TWOT GK^, ₈₄ vb. slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? cf. Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ (saḥaṭa) slay (but ح (ḥ) = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); NH = BH, especially in ritual);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Je 39:6 +, sf. וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Lv 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁחַט Lv 4:24 +, 2 fs. וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ez 16:21, 3 mpl. sf. וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Ju 12:6; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Ex 12:21 2 Ch 35:6; Inf. abs. שָׁחֹט Is 22:13; cstr. לִשְׁחֹט Gn 22:10, -וֹט Ez 40:39, sf. שַׁחֲטָם (Ges ^{64 a}) Ez 23:39; Pt. act. שׁוֹחֵט Is 66:3, etc.; pass. שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter: 1. beast for food 1 S 14:32, 34⁽⁾ Is 22:13 (|| הָרַג), cf. Lv 17:3⁽⁾, for blood Gn 37:31 (E). 2. us. (51 times; Hex chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacob ^{xvii (1897), 51}), 1 S 1:25 Ex 29:11; 34:25 (J), Lv 1:5, 11; 4:24; 9:8 Nu 19:3 2 Ch 29:22⁽⁾, 24 +; abs. Ez 40:11 (אֶל loc.); bird Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51; beast in illicit sacrifice Is 66:3; c. acc. of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Ez 40:39 (אֶל loc.), v 42 44:11 Lv 4:24; 7:2; 14:13 +; passover lamb †Ex 12:6, acc. הַפֶּסַח †v 21 2 Ch 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11 Ezr 6:20. 3. slaughter pers. Ju 12:6 1 K 18:40 2 K 10:7, 14 (אֶל loc.), 2 K 25:7 = Je 39:6a = 52:10a, Je 39:6b = 52:10b, 41:7; י׳ subj. Nu 14:16 (JE); in human sacrifice Gn 22:10 (E), to false gods Ez 16:21; 23:39 Is 57:5. 4. pt. pass. = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16, 17 = 2 Ch 9:15a, 16, of shekels 2 Ch 9:15b; so also Je 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁחֵט Nu 11:22 (J) be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵט Lv 6:18⁽⁾ (P) be slain, of sacrifice.

†[שְׁחִיטָה S TWOT GK] n. f. act of slaying;—cstr. שְׁחִיטַת הַפְּסָחִים 2 Ch 30:17.

†שַׁחֲטָה S TWOT^, GK n.f. (Qal Inf. cstr. Kö^{. 263}) doubtful word;—וְשׁ׳ שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ Ho 5:2 RV (cf. AV) the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering [‘Opferschlächterei’ Kö ^{1. 590, n. 1}], Ew Now (formerly), Che in corrupting (read then שַׁחֲתָה); We Now GASm Marti שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים have made deep the pit of Shiṭṭim (as place of idolatry).

שְׁחִין S TWOT GK v. שׁחן.

שְׁחִיף v. [שָׂחִיף]

†שָׁחִיס S TWOT GK Is 37:30 = סָחִישׁ (in || 2 K 19:29), q.v.

†שׁחל TWOT (√ of foll.; Dl^{. 34} cp. Assyrian šaḫâlu, call, proclaim; perhaps both onomatop., as Arabic سَحَلَ (saḥala) bray (of ass), cf. Nö ^{xl (1886), 725}).

שַׁ֫חַל S TWOT GK n.m. lion (poet.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ho 5:14 +, שָׁ֑חַל Jb 4:10 +;—lion, sim. of י׳, toward Israel Ho 5:14 (|| כְּפִיר), 13:7 (|| נָמֵר); of guilty men Jb 4:10 (|| אַרְיֵה, כְּפִירִים); fig. of foes ψ 91:13 (|| כְּפִיר); lion, as hunted Jb 10:16 (in sim.); lit. 28:8 Pr 26:13

†שְׁחֵ֫לֶת S TWOT GK n.f. an ingredient of the holy incense, + נָטָף, חֶלְבְּנָה, Ex 30:34; G B ὄνυξ, onyx (whence AV onycha), i.e. unguis odoratus, the operculum, or closing-flap, of certain molluscs, with pungent odour when burnt, v. Thes ^{1388 f.} Di Shipley-Cook ^Onycha; so most; KG Jacob ^{xliii (1889), 354} proposes amber.

שׁחן TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَخُنَ (saḫuna) be hot, then inflamed; Aramaic שְׁחַן, ܫܚܶܢ (šḥen) be warm, heat).

†שְׁחִין S TWOT GK n.m. boil, coll. eruption;—on man 2 K 20:7 = Is 38:21, שׁ׳ רָ֑ע Dt 28:35 Jb 2:7; possibly leprous Lv 13:18, 19, 20, צָרֶ֫בֶת הַשּׁ׳ 13:23 (v. צ׳; all P), in Egypt, on man and beast Ex 9:9, 10, 11⁽⁾ (all P), cstr. שְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם Dt 28:27.

שׁחף TWOT (√ of שַׁחֶפֶת and poss. of שַׁחַף; Arabic سَحَفَ (saḥafa) is pare, peel off; also affect with consumption of lungs; سُحَافٌ (suḥāfun) consumption, so J.Aram שַׁחַפְתָּא [for שַׁחֶפֶת]).

†[שַׁ֫חַף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] prob. sea-mew, gull (cf. G B) (from attenuated body, Thes); so Post ^Cuckow Tristr ^{210 ff.}; sterna fluviatilis, or tern Id. ¹³⁵ M’Lean-Shipley ^Id.;—הַשָּׁ֑חַף Dt 14:15 = Lv 11:16 (P), in list of unclean birds.

†שַׁחֶ֫פֶת S TWOT GK n.f. wasting disease, consumption Dt 28:22 Lv 26:16 (H).

שׁחץ TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. NH act proudly, and deriv.; Aramaic שַׁחְצָא lion (†ψ 17:12 edd.); Ethiopic ሥሕጸ (šəḥṣa) be insolent; Arabic شَخَصَ (šaḫaṣa) is rise, be elevated; شَخِيصٌ (šaḫīṣun) bulky, man of rank, but ش (š) = שׁ?).

†[שַׁ֫חַץ S TWOT GK] n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ i.e. majestic wild beasts Jb 28:8 (|| שָׁ֑חַל), 41:26.

†שׁחצומה Kt, שַׁחֲצִ֫ימָה S GK Qr (i.e. [שַׁחֲצִים] + ה—ָ) n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:22; ἐπὶ Σαλειμ κατὰ Θύλασσαν, A GL Σασειμα(θ).

†[שָׁחַק S TWOT GK] vb. rub away, beat fine, pulverize (so Arabic سَحَقَ, سَحْقٌ (saḥaqa, saḥqun) worn garment, thin clouds; Aramaic שְׁחַק, ܫܚܰܩ (šḥaq) pulverize; Ecclus שחק 6:36 is go often (wear by treading), Str cp. iter terere);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. אֲבָנִים שָֽׁחֲקוּ מַיִם Jb 14:19 waters rub away stones; 2 ms. וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ Ex 30:36 (P; of pulverizing incense, v. דקק Hiph.); fig., acc. of foes, Impf. 1 s. sf. וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם 2 S 22:43 (|| דקק) = ψ 18:43.

†שַׁ֫חַק S TWOT GK n.m. Pr 3:20 dust, cloud (as fine, thin);—שׁ׳ abs. ψ 89:7, 38, cstr. Is 40:15; pl. שְׁחָקִים Dt 33:26 +;— 1. fine dust, שׁ׳ מֹאזְנַיִם Is 40:15 (sim. of insignif.) 2. (thin) cloud, usually pl. (often || שָׁמַיִם), Dt 33:26 (poem), Is 45:8 Je 51:9 Jb 35:5; 36:28; 37:21; 38:37 ψ 36:6; 57:11; 68:35; 77:18; 78:23; 108:5; opp. תְּהוֹם Pr 3:20; 8:28; עָבֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 22:12 = ψ 18:12; = heavens, sky Jb 37:18 (c. הִרְקִיעַ), and (sg.) ψ 89:7, 38.

שִׁחֹר v. שִׁיחוֹר.

†I. שָׁחַר S^, TWOT^, GK^, vb. be black (NH שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aramaic שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalm), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܽܘܚܳܪܳܐ (šḥar, šuḥoro) coal; Jäger ^{ii. 295} cp. Assyrian šûru, coal); Qal Pf. שׁ׳, of skin Jb 30:30.

†שְׁחוֹר S TWOT GK n.[m.] blackness;—חָשַׁךְ מִשּׁ׳ תָּאֳרָם La 4:8.

†שָׁחֹר S TWOT GK adj. black;—שׁ׳ of hair Lv 13:31, 37 (P), so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Ct 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zc 6:2, 6.

†שַׁחֲרוּת S TWOT GK n.f. according to De Rüetschi blackness, viz. of hair (so T), i.e. (RV) prime of life (which Wild allows); usually dawn of youth (II. שׁחר);—Ec 11:10 ( + יַלְדוּת).

†[שְׁחַרְחֹר S TWOT GK Ges ^{84 b n}] adj. blackish (Gann^{JAS 1883, Fev.-Mars, 156, no. 41}, cp. Isr. n.pr. שחרחר on seal = ‘le burn’);—f. שְׁחַרְחֹ֫רֶת Ct 1:6.

†אַשְׁחוּר S GK n.pr.m. in Judah, called א׳ אֲבִי תְקוֹעַ 1 Ch 2:24; 4:5; Ασχω, Σαρα; A Ασδωδ, Ασχουρ; GL Ασσωρ, Ασοωρ.

II. שׁחר (√ of foll.; MI¹⁵ שחרת, Arabic سَحَرٌ (saḥarun), Assyrian šêru, NH שַׁחַר, Aramaic שַׁחֲרָא all dawn).

†שַׁ֫חַר S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 19:15 dawn;—abs. שׁ׳ 1 S 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Ju 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Gn 19:15 Ps 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Gn 19:15; 32:25, 27 Jos 6:15 (all J), Ju 19:25 1 S 9:26 Ne 4:15 Jon 4:7; opp. עֵיפָה Am 4:13; as adv. at dawn ψ 57:9 = 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Jb 3:9; 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ ψ 139:9; 110:3 read prob. רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (v. מִשְׁחָר infr.); שׁ׳ also Jb 38:12, in sim. Ho 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., v. following, Gie^{Beitr. 208} We Now GASm Marti), Is 58:8 Cr 6:10, Jo 2:2 (al. blackness, || עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Is 14:12 (of star, fig. of royal splendour;—lit. as myth RS ³⁰⁰); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Is 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Ho 10:15 (We in storm, i.e. בַּשַּׂעַר).—Is 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hi Ew Röd (Thes) De Di al. charm away (RVm) (Arabic سَحَرَ (saḥara) enchant (We ^{2. 159, 200}), سِحْرٌ (siḥrun) enchantment [ = Sab. סחר DHM ^{24. 1}]); but v. [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר v. p. 886.

†[שָׁחַר S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] vb.denom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—Qal Pt. שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Pr 11:27 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ, דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere Pi. c. acc. (sf.) Pf. 3 ms. sf. שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Pr 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him betimes); 2 ms. sf. consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Jb 7:21; lit. Inf. לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Pr 7:15; of wild asses, Pt. מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָּ֑רֶף Jb 24:5 (Ges ^{130 u}) seeking eagerly for their food; usually of seeking God (י׳) earnestly, Pf. וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל ψ 78:34 (|| דָּרַשׁ), Impf. 2 ms. תְּשַׁהֵר אֶל־אֵל Jb 8:5 (si vera l.), 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Ges ^{60 e}) Ho 5:15 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ), + 6:3 (v. שַׁחַר), and, acc. wisdom, Pr 1:28, Pt. sf. מְשַׁחֲרַי Pr 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳), אֲשַׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ Is 26:9 ψ 63:2.

שַׁחֲרוּת S TWOT GK v. I. שָׁחַר.

†מִשְׁחָר S TWOT GK n.[m.] dawn;—מֵרֶחֶם מ׳ ψ 110:3, but ‍מ‍ prob. dittogr., read שַׁחַר (Du, cf. Buhl).

†שְׁחַרְיָה S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:26; Σα(α)ρ(α)ια.

†שַׁחֲרַ֫יִם S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 CH 8:8; Σααρηλ[μ], GL Σεωρειν.

[שָׁחַת S^, TWOT GK]₅₁ vb. go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (NH Hiph. = BH, Ecclus. שחיתה 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic سَحَتَ (saḥata) extirpate; Ethiopic ሰሐጠ (saḥaṭa) injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (v. Wkl ^Vocab.), Assyrian poss. šêtu, flee, escape (cf. אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lzb³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (šaḥeṭ) (assim. of ܬ (t)), mutilate;—very improb. Gerber¹⁷⁹ denom. from שַׁחַת);—†Niph. be marred, spoiled, Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Je 13:7, vessel 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵת Ex 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in morals and rel., of earth, Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Gn 6:12 (P), Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשּׁ׳ לִפְנֵי הָא׳ v 11 (P); so Pt. fpl. as adj. נִשְׁחָתוֹת Ez 20:44. †Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁחֵת Ex 32:7 +, sf. שִׁחֶתְךָ Ho 13:9; 2 ms. שִׁחַתָּ Is 14:20 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Je 5:10; Inf. cstr. שַׁחֵת Gn 13:10 +, etc.;— 1. spoil, ruin, acc. of eye Ex 21:26 (E), vineyard Je 12:10 (fig.), branches Na 2:3 (fig.), also = destroy, acc. pers. 2 S 1:14; 14:11 (acc. om.), Ez 5:16; 20:17, כָּל־בָּשָׂר Gn 6:17; 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Gn 13:10; 19:13, 29 (all J), 2 S 24:16 Je 5:10 (acc. om.), 48:18 Ez 26:4; 43:3 La 2:5, ruin temple v 6, nation Ho 11:9; 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land 2 K 19:12 (Hiph. in || Is 37:12), Ju 6:5 Jos 22:33 (P), Ez 22:30; 30:11, earth Gn 9:11 (P); c. ל obj. (ל 3 b), city 1 S 23:11, pers. Nu 32:15 (P); c. acc. רַחֲמָיו Am 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS ²⁸ al., the bonds of kinship, v. רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Mal 2:8, i.e. violate it, v. especially וְשׁ׳ אַרְצָה (sc. semen) Gn 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground made it ineffective, = waste words Pr 23:8. 2. pervert, corrupt, acc. wisdom Ez 28:17, abs. = deal corruptly, חֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Ho 9:9 (cf. [עָמֹק], p. 770b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Ex 32:7 (JE), Dt 9:12, so שׁ׳ לוֹ 32:5. Hiph.₁₀₃ Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁחִית Gn 6:12 +; 1 s. וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Je 51:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁחִית Dn 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Mal 3:11 +, וַיִּשְׁחֵת 1 Ch 20:1; 2 fs. וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ez 16:47, 2 mpl. תַּשְׁחִתוּן Dt 4:16; 31:29; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁחִיתָהּ 2 K 18:25 = Is 36:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׁחֵת Dt 31:29; cstr. הַשְׁחִית 1 S 26:15 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׁחִית Gn 19:14 +, etc.;— 1. spoil, ruin, acc. crop; Ju 6:4 Mal 3:11, trees Dt 20:19, 20 Je 11:19 (fig.), vessels 2 Ch 36:19, houses 34:11, palaces Je 6:5, cf. Is 65:8 Lv 19:27 (H), Ru 4:6; הִשׁ׳ דַּיָּם Je 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; acc. pers. = ruin, destroy, 1 S 26:9, 15 Ju 20:21, 25 ( + אַ֫רְצָה), v 35, 42 2 K 13:23 2 Ch 24:23 ( + מִן separ.), + 12 times, + (acc. pers. om.) Is 51:13 + 4 times, acc. בֵּית דָּוִד 2 Ch 21:7, abs. Is 11:9 = 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Pr 11:9; acc. עַם 2 S 24:16 Dt 9:26; land 1 S 6:5 Je 36:29 Dn 11:17 (v. Dr); city wall 2 S 20:15 (Ew Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < G We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְהַשְּׁבִים were devising), La 2:8, cities and nations Gn 18:28⁽⁾ (J, acc. om.), 19:13, 14 (J), Is 37:12 (Pi. in || 2 K 19:12), 36:10⁽⁾ = 2 K 18:25⁽⁾ + 11 times + (Israel personif.) Dt 4:31; 10:10 2 K 8:19, pride of Judah Je 13:9, earth Je 51:1; abs. c. adv. acc. Dn 8:24 (v. Dr; Bev conj. יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), cf. 1 Ch 21:12; Pt. as adj., of lion Je 2:30, angel 1 Ch 21:15; = destroyer Ex 12:23 (J), Je 22:7 Is 54:16, מ׳ גּוֹיִם Je 4:7, רוּח מ׳ 51:1; sg. coll. (הַמּ׳ Ges ^{126 i}; the destroying band, cf. Dr Bu Now) 1 S 13:17; 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); fig. for snare, trap, Je 5:26. 2. pervert, corrupt, morally, acc. דֶּרֶךְ Gn 6:12 (P; v. דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Pr 6:32, cf. Zp 3:7, Ez 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה ψ 14:1 = 53:2; הַשְׁהֵת תַּשְׁח׳ ( + vb. of particular act) Dt 4:16; 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Is 1:4 Dt 4:25 ( + vb. of act), 2 Ch 27:2, + מִן comp. Ju 2:19 Ez 16:47; Pt. as subst. Je 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳ Pr 28:24 (18:9 v. infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody?) in ψ-titles: †57:1; 58:1; 59:1; 75:1. †Hoph. Pt. מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Pr 25:26 (|| מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as subst. Mal 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

†מַשְׁחִית S TWOT GK n.[m.] ruin, destruction;—מ׳ abs. Je 5:26 + 10 times;—physical destruction Ez 5:16; 9:6; 21:36; 25:15 Ex 12:13 (P), 2 Ch 20:23; 22:4; בַּעַל מ׳ Pr 18:9 = destroyers; Dn 10:8 (disfigurement); הַר־מ׳ Je 51:25 (fig. of Bab. as destroyer), in 2 K 23:13 = mt. of corruption (where bamoth were, S. end of Mt. of Olives, poss. adapted from הַר־מִשְׁחָה so Hoffm ^{ii (1882), 175} Benz Kit Bur; B mons offensionis).—v. [שָׁחַת] Hiph. 1. Pt.

†מַשְׁחֵת S TWOT GK n.[m.] id.;—כְּלִי מַשְׁחֵתוֹ Ez 9:1.

†מִשְׁחַת S TWOT GK n.[m.] disfigurement of face Is 52:14.

†מָשְׁחָת S TWOT GK n.[m.] corruption (ritual), Lv 22:25 (H).

שַׁ֫חַת S TWOT^{, ,} GK v. שׁוח.

שִׁטָּה S TWOT GK₂₇ n.f. acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה, Arabic صَنْطٌ (ṣanṭun), prob. loan-word from Egyptian šndt, šond^et, Thes¹⁴⁵² Erman ^{xivi (1892), 120});—growing in dry places; especially acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; cf. Rob ^{ii. 20}, or a. seyyâl Post ^{298 f. Hast.DB; shittah-tree} Tristr ^{390 ff.};—שׁ׳ sg. Is 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually pl., עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm wood, material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Dt 10:3 Ex 25:5, 10, 13 + 19 times Ex 25–38 (P); עֲצֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Ex 26:32, 37; 36:36 (P).

†שִׁטִּים S GK n.pr.loc. always הַשּׁ׳; usually Σαττειν: 1. E. of Jordan, Jos 2:1; 3:1 (E), Mi 6:5 Nu 25:1 (P); = אָבֵל הַשּׁ׳ 33:49; on exact site v. Buhl ¹¹⁶ Gray Nu 25:1. 2. נַחַל הַשּׁ׳ Jo 4:18 (perhaps Wady es-Sanṭ, W. of Jerus., cf. We Buhl ⁹⁰, and views in Dr).

†[שָׁטַח S TWOT GK] vb. spread, spread abroad (NH id.; Arabic سَطَحَ (saṭaḥa) spread out; so Ethiopic ሰጥሐ (saṭḥa) Aramaic שְׁטַח, ܫܛܰܚ (šṭaḥ));—Qal Pf. 3 pl. sf. consec. וּשְׁטָחוּם לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Je 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., acc. of many separate things, so Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁטַח 2 S 17:19 (עַל loc.; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3 mpl. + Inf. abs. וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Nu 11:32 (J) they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (i.e. to dry them; B siccaverunt; cf. Di Gray); Pt. שֹׁטֵחַ לַגּוֹיִם Jb 12:23 expanding the nations (cf. ל 3 b). Pi. Pf. 1 s. שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י ψ 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.

†[מִשְׁטָח TWOT] n.[m.] spreading-place (NH for drying figs, etc., (ARSKennedy ^{fruit, 1568}));—cstr. מִשְׁטַח חֲרָמִים Ez 26:5, 14.

†מִשְׁטוֹחַ S TWOT GK n.[m.] id.;—מ׳ לַחֲרָמִים Ez 47:10.

שֹׁטֵט S TWOT GK v. שׁוֹט, שִׁטִּים v. supra.

†שָׁטַף S TWOT GK vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف (sṭf) id., Cuche);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף 1 K 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Is 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Is 28:2;— 1. overflow, of river Is 8:8 Je 47:2 a (v. נַחַל), Dn 11:10, 40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Is 28:15 (qy. by Sta^{, Apr. 1894, 235}, Du Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v 18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v 2 (מַיִם), 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Is 10:22; c. acc. of land Je 47:2 b, pers. (fig.) Is 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), ψ 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v 16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Is 28:17 Ct 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Ez 13:11, 13; 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Is 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Dn 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Je 8:6. 2. flow, run, lit. of נַחַל ψ 78:20 2 Ch 32:4. 3. lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed 1 K 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 15:11 (P); of stain Ez 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; || רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Jb 14:19. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Lv 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Dn 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v 26 (cf. Dr). Pu. Pf. 3 ms. וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Lv 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.

†שֶׁ֫טֶף S^, TWOT GK^, , שֶׁ֫צֶף S TWOT GK n.m. Na 1:8 flood;—abs. שֶׁ֫טֶף Na 1:8 + 3 times; cstr. שֶׁ׳ Pr 27:4, שֵׁ׳ ψ 32:6;—flood, fig. of י׳’s judgment, שׁ׳ עֹבֵר Na 1:8, cf. Dn 9:26, זְרֹעוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 11:22 (cf. Dr); of calamity, שׁ׳ מַיִם רַבִּים ψ 32:6; שׁ׳ אָף Pr 27:4 a flood of anger; so שֶׁצֶף קֶצֶף Is 54:8 (‍צ‍ for ט bef. foll. ‍צ‍ Ew Di; > Du Che Marti del. שׁ׳ as dittogr.); שֶׁטֶף lit. of rainflood, Jb 38:25.

שׁטר TWOT (√ of foll.; Assyrian šaṭâru, write, Sab. סטר Hom ¹²⁴ DHM ^{lii. 2, liv. 2}; Arabic سَطَرَ (saṭara) rule (a book), write, سَطْرٌ (saṭrun) row, line; Aramaic שְׁטָרָא, ܫܛܳܪܳܐ (šṭoro) document, so Hilpr ^{Exp. x. 8} CIS^{ii. 67}, Nab. Palm. שטר Lzb³⁷⁴: Hom ^{i. 69} all from Assyrian).

†שֹׁטֵר S TWOT GK^, n.m. official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳ Pr 6:7, שׁו׳ 2 Ch 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Dt 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr Dt 1:15 Gray Nu 11:16): organizing people for marching Jos 1:10; 3:2 (both E), cf. Dt 20:5, 8, 9; appointed over Isr. By Egyptian overseers Ex 5:14, cf. v 6, 10, 15, 19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Nu 11:16 (E), Dt 29:9; 31:28; + שֹׁפְטִים 16:18 1 Ch 23:4; 26:29, + ז׳ et שֹׁפ׳ Jos 8:33 (R), and ( + רָאשִׁים) 23:2 (R), 24:1 (E, or R); שֹׁט׳ as minor judges also Dt 1:15; שֹׁט׳ הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 27:1, chosen from Levites 2 Ch 19:11; 34:13 ( + סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. 26:11 (|| הַסּוֹפֵר); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל Pr 6:7.

†שִׁטְרַי S GK n.pr.m. an official of David, 1 Ch 27:29 Kt (> Qr שִׁרְטִי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.

†[מִשְׁטָר S TWOT GK] n.m. rule, authority;—sf. מִשְׁטָרוֹ Jb 38:33 (of heavens over earth).

†שַׁי S TWOT GK n.m. gift offered as homage (√ dub.; perhaps in spite of שׁ = ش (š) Arabic شَيِىَٔ (šayi˒a), vb. wish, شَىْءٌ (šay˒un) thing (weakened from thing desired); cf. חֵפֶץ 4);—יוּבַל שׁ׳ Is 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳ ψ 76:12, יוֹב׳ שָׁ֑י 68:30.

שׁיא n.pr.m. 2 S 20:25 Kt, v. שְׁוָא.

†שִׁיאוֹן n.pr.loc. in Issachar, Jos 19:19, Σιωνα, Σηω.

i. שִׁיבָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, v. ישׁב.

ii. שִׁיבָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, v. שׁוב.

†[שָׁיָה S TWOT GK] vb. only Qal Impf. apoc. צוּר יְלָֽדְךָ תֶּ֑שִׁי Dt 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Di Dr.

†שִׁיזָא S GK n.pr.m. in Reuben, 1 Ch 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.

[שִׁיחַ S TWOT GK], שִׁיחָה S TWOT^, GK v. שׁוח.

†שִׁיחוֹר S GK n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, prob. E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Jos 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם 1 Ch 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Is 23:3 (|| קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Je 2:18; cf. Dl ³¹¹ Wilson^Shihor (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).

†שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנַת n.pr.flum. in Asher, Jos 19:26; τῷ Σειων[ρ] καὶ Λαβαναθ; poss. Nahr ez-Zerḳâ, S. of Carmel, and just N. of Caesarea, Wilson ^{Shihor Libnath}, but v. Buhl ¹⁰⁵.

שַׁיִט S TWOT GK v. I. שׁוט.

שִׁילוֹ S TWOT GK, שִׁלוֹ S TWOT GK, n.pr.loc., שִׁילֹנִי etc., v. שִׁלֹה.

†שׁילֹה Gn 49:10, appar. n., but prob. = שֶׁלּוֹ he whose it is, or that which belongs to him, v. infra; views are: (1) שִׁיל ( = שָׁלִיל, NH embryo, + sf. הֹ—= his son, T Jer Rabb Calv); (2) שִׁלוּ, שִׁילוֹ n.pr.loc. (q.v.) Herder De and most (until recently); (3) n.pr. of Messiah, AV RV Münster (1534) on basis of Talm Sanh 98^b; groundless; (4) Jer שׁלה = שָׁלֻחַ, qui mittendus est; (5) שֶׁלֹּה = לוֹ + שֶׁ, T whose is the kingdom, S whose it is, so Aphr Ephr. G ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ (Codd. ᾧ ἀπόκειται); so Sam. שלה, cf. עֵד־בֹּא אֲשֶׁר לוֹ הַמִּשְׁפָּט Ez 21:32, Aq Sym Theod Saad; this reading best, but exact transl. not certain; v. Dr ^{xiv (1885), 1 ff. Gn. 418 ff.} Br ^{95 ff., Intr. 238 ff.} Poznski^{Schiloh (1904)}.

שׁילל v. שׁלל.

†שִׁימוֹן S GK n.pr.m. in Judah, 1 Ch 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.

שׁין S TWOT GK (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šânu, Iphte. ištîn, urinate; šînâti (pl.), urine; vb. also Ethiopic ሤነ (šena) Aramaic ܬܘܢ, ܬܳܢ (twn, ton); v. Arabic مَثَانَةٌ (maṯānatun) bladder (Wahrm)).

†[שַׁ֫יִן S TWOT GK, שֵׁין] n.m.] urine;—pl. sf. שֵׁינֵיהֶם 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12 (both Kt; Qr מֵימֵי רַגְלֵיהֶם).

†[שָׁתַן TWOT] vb. Hiph. urinate (secondary √ from above);—Pt. מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר (i.e. a male person) 1 S 25:22, 34 1 K 14:10; 16:11; 21:21 2 K 9:8 (all of exterminating a family).

שׁיר (√ of foll., cf. Nö ^{xxxvii (1883), 537}).

†שִׁיר S^, TWOT^, GK^, ₇₇ n.m. song (NH id.; so Ecclus 40:21 +);—שׁ׳ abs. Ju 5;12 +, cstr. 2 Ch 29:27 +; sf. שִׁירִי ψ 28:7, etc.; pl. שִׁירִים 1 Ch 13:8 Ct 1:1; שִׁרִים Gn 31:27 Pr 25:20; sf. שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Am 5:23, etc.;— 1. lyric song, + מָשָׁל 1 K 5:12, opp. קִינָה Am 8:10; joyous Gn 31:27 (J) Is 30:29; שׁ׳ עגבים Ez 33:32; triumphal Ju 5:12; love song Ct 1:1⁽⁾ (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), ψ 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Am 5:23 Ez 26:13, in drunken revels Is 24:9, cf. 23:16; שׁ׳ כסילים Ec 7:5; not for sorrow Pr 25:20 ψ 137:3⁽⁾; בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ec 12:4 songstresses (prob. birds). 2. religious song, in worship, || תפלה ψ 42:9; usually praise, הלל בשׁיר 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ 28:7; שִׁיר תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Ne 12:46; שׁיר י׳ ψ 137:4 2 Ch 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Is 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 times, v. חָדָשׁ; in ψ-titles, שׁיר 46:1, cf. Is 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs ψ 120:1 + 14 times (v. ii. מַעֲלָה p. 752); c. מִזְמוֹר ψ 48:1 + 12 times (v. מִז׳ p. 274); מַשְׂכִּיל שִׁיר 45:1; (שׁ׳ orig. alone in all except 30:1; 92:1; 108:1, v. Br ^{xviii (1899), 138}). 3. specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., 1 Ch 6:16, 17; 13:8 (so read also || 2 S 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, G Th and mod., cf. ב׳), 25:6, 7 2 Ch 23:18; 29:28 Ne 12:27; כלי (ה)שׁיר instrument to accompany song 1 Ch 15:16 + 6 times (v. כְּלִי 2 b); cf. Am 6:5.

†שִׁירָה S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. song (pl. [שׁ]ירות Ecclus 39:15);—abs. שׁ׳ Ex 15:1 + 9 times; cstr. שִׁירַת Is 5:1; 23:15; pl. cstr. שִׁירוֹת Am 8:3 (read שָׁרוֹת G Hoffm ^{iii (1883)} We al.);—song, ode, Ex 15:1 (E), 2 S 22:1 = ψ 18:1, Dt 31:19⁽⁾, 21, 22, 30; 32:44 Nu 21:17 (E) Is 5:1; 23:15.

†[שִׁיר S^, TWOT^, GK^, ]₈₆ vb. sing (denom. according to Nö ^{xxxvii (1883), 537} Gerb¹⁷², but, if so, an old one);—Qal₄₉ Pf. 3 ms. שָׁר ψ 7:1; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיר Ex 15:1 Nu 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Jb 33:27 for יָשׁר, √ II. שׁוּר, so SS Bu Gerb; in this sense also Ew De Di RV and all mod.); 3 fs. וַתָּ֫שַׁר Ju 5:1, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁירוּ Ex 15:21 +; Inf. cstr. לָשׁוּר 1 S 18:6 Kt (< Qr לָשִׁיר, so Bu; G om., cf. Dr Kit HPS Now); Pt. שָׁר Pr 25:20; pl. שָׁרִים 2 S 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת 2 S 19:36 + 2 times + Am 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; v. שִׁירֽה);—sing, c. acc. שִׁיר Is 42:10 ψ 33:3 + 5 times; שִׁירָה Ex 15:1 Nu 21:17 (E) Is 5:1; שׁ׳ בשׁרים Pr 25:20; מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֹן ψ 137:3; שׁגיון 7:1 (G מזמור), תהלה 106:12; c. acc. of theme 59:17; 89:2; abs. Ju 5:1 1 S 18:6; c. לְ ψ 13:6; 96:1, 2 = 1 Ch 16:23, Ex 15:1, 21 Je 20:13; || זמּר ψ 68:5, 33; 101:1; 104:33; 105:2 = 1 Ch 16:9, Ju 5:3; + זמּר abs. ψ 57:8 = 108:2; c. acc. theme 21:14; c. לְ pers. 27:6; of nature 65:14 (after הַתְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Jb 33:27 (v. supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers 2 S 19:36 1 K 10:12 + 6 times (Ez 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם G Hi Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses 2 S 19:36 2 Ch 35:25 Ec 2:8 + Am 8:3 (v. supra).—ψ 138:5 read וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pō˓l.₃₆ Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרְרוּ Jb 36:24; Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹרֵר Zp 2:14; Pt. מְשׁוֹרֵר 1 Ch 6:18 2 Ch 29:28; pl. מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezr 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Zp 2:14; men Jb 36:24; elsewhere pt. of Levitical singers 1 Ch 6:18; 9:33 + 31 times, + fpl. Ezr 2:65 songstresses = Ne 7:67. †Hoph. be sung: Impf. יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Is 26:1.

†שַׁ֫יִשׁ S TWOT GK n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? NH Id.; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ (šišo), perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ 1 Ch 29:2 (material of temple); cf. Patrick ^Marble.

†ii. שֵׁשׁ S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.m. id.;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Ct 5:15 (in fig.), Est 1:6 a, material of pavement v 6 b (v. בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ, v. שׁדשׁ.

†שִׁישָׁא S GK n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, 1 K 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, GL Σαφατ; cf. שְׂרָיָה.

†שִׁישַׁק S GK n.pr.m. king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. b.c.), 1 K 11:40; 14:25 Qr (Kt שושק), = 2 Ch 12:2, 2 Ch 12:9, שִׁישָׁ֑ק v 5⁽⁾, 7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, Blau ^{xv (1861), 233 ff.} Steind ^{i. 351}; = Sošenḳ WMM ^{166 ff.; Shishak}; cf. Griffith ^Shishak.

†שִׁית S^, TWOT^, GK^, vb. put, set (Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss. 39 f.}; cf. Ph. שת Lzb ³⁷⁵; Ecclus שית Pt. pass. 31:27 (?); v. also (Nö ⁴¹) Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ (šiyuto) quality, appearance);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שָׁת Gn 4:25 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫תָה 1 S 4:20 +, 2 ms. שַׁ֫תָּה ψ 8:7, שַׁ֫תָּ 90:8, sf. שַׁתַּ֫נִי 88:7, 9, 1 s. שַׁ֫תִּי 73:28 +; 3 pl. שָּׁ֫תוּ Ex 33:4 + 3 times, metapl. שַׁתּוּ ψ 49:15; 73:9 (other forms not found); Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁית Ex 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Jb 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Gn 30:40 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫הוּ Ru 4:16, תִּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ ψ 21:10 +, 1 s. sf. אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ 1 K 11:34; Imv. ms. שִׁית Pr 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה ψ 9:21; 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Je 31:21, etc.; Inf. abs. שֹׁת Is 22:7; cstr. שִׁית Jb 30:1 +; Pt. pass. וְשִׁית (Je 13:16 Qr, but read Kt יָשִׁית); sf. שִׁתִי Ex 10:1;— 1. put, lay hand upon, עַל, Gn 46:4 (E), 48:14, 17 (J), Jb 9:33 ψ 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Ex 23:1 (E); put ornaments, עַל pers., 33:4 (J); cf. 1 S 2:8 Is 15:9 Jb 22:24 Ru 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Ru 4:16; put wisdom, ב loc., Jb 38:36, cf. Pr 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי ψ 13:3, i.e. take counsel, plan; מַחְסִי בי׳ ψ 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל pers. Ex 21:22 (E), sin Nu 12:11 (E), cf. (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) ψ 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), acc. + ל pers. Gn 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint ψ 9:21. 2. a. set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Gn 30:40, cf. לֹא שָׁתָם עַל v 40 (J); acc. pers. = appoint (עַל over) 41:33 (E); set לָמוֹ pers. (ל 3 b) + ב loc. ψ 73:18, so (acc.) 88:7 and (obj. pers. om.) 12:6, set crown לְרֹאשׁוֹ 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא 132:11; set pers. among (ב pers.) 2 S 19:29 Je 3:19, cf. (עִם) Jb 30:1; set watch לְפִי ψ 141:3, snares לִי 140:6, enmity, בֵּין pers. Gn 3:15 (J); iniquities לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ ψ 90:8, cf. 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל loc. Nu 24:1 (J), eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ ψ 17:11. b. in phr. שׁ׳ לֵב לְ set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (cf. שׂוּם 2 b), Ex 7:23 (E), 2 S 13:20 Je 31:21 ψ 48:14 Pr 22:17; 27:23, c. אֶל Jb 7:17, abs. 1 S 4:20 ψ 62:11; Pr 24:32 I reflected. c. set, fix, גְּבוּל Ex 23:31 (E; c. מִן … עַד), תָּשִׁית לִי הֹק Jb 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, 38:11 (וּפֹא יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלֶּיךָ De al. here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v 10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳, Bi Bu יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳). 3. constitute, make one something, 2 acc., 1 K 11:34 I will make him prince, Is 5:6; 26:1 Je 22:6 ψ 21:7; 84:7; 88:9 ( + למוֹ ind. obj.), 110:1 2 S 22:12 || ψ 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (cf. 18:41); acc. + ל make something into Je 2:15 = 50:3, 13:16 ψ 45:17 ( + ב loc.); acc. + ב comp. make one like Ho 2:5 (|| שִׂים), Is 16:3 ψ 21:10; 83:12, 14; acc. only, make, prepare, feast Je 51:39, cf. שָׁת קָצִיר לַךְ Ho 6:11 (read poss. שִׁית, pt. pass.), make darkness ψ 104:20; = perform signs, ב loc. Ex 10:1 (J). 4. internally trans., = take one’s stand (cf. שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה Is 22:7; c. עָלָֽי (against) ψ 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Jb 10:20 (Kt; > Qr Imv. וְשִׁית) is dub., יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, cf. Di (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Du (sc. יָד; reads Imv.); Lag (so Bu) proposes יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָשֵׁב, G Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (G Bu Be Du) for יָמַי יחדל prob. rightly. Hoph. (or Qal pass. Ges ^{53 u}), Impf. 3 ms. יוּשַׁת Ex 21:30 (E) if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, v. 30.

†שִׁית S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. garment (Nö^{Beitrage, 41 f.}, cp. Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ (šiyuto) appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—cstr. שִׁית זוֹנָה Pr 7:10; fig. שׁ׳ חָמָס ψ 73:6 (v. II. עטף).

†i. שֵׁת S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, n.pr.m. third son of Adam; Gn 4:25 (where expl. from √ שִׁית), v 26 5:3, 4, 6, 7, 8 1 Ch 1:1; Σηθ.—In כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת Nu 24:17 (poem in J), read prob. שֵׁאת tumult (cf. La 3:47), or שְׂאֵת (v. sub נשׂא), cf. Gray.—ii. שֵׁת, v. II. שׁתה.

†[שָׁת S TWOT GK] n.m. (Albr ^{xvi (1896), 84}) foundation, stay (of society) (√ שׁית Thes Kö^{. 1, 172});—pl. הַשָּׁתוֹת יֵהָרֵס֑וּן ψ 11:3 (prob. fig. of established) usages, laws, etc., Jer. leges, Sym. θεσμοί, so Hup-Now Bae Che⁽¹⁸⁸⁸⁾ al.; > Thes al. of nobles); Thes puts here also שָֽׁתֹתֶ֫יהָ Is 19:10 (so MT probably intends), which Ew Di Kit then interpret of working -classes, || עשֵֹׁי שֶׂכֶר; but perhaps opp. of this, the upper classes, so as to include all ranks of society, Thes De Che; Che Buhl al. שֹׁתֶיהָ weavers of it (cf. Du Marti), v. III. שׁתה.

†שַׁ֫יִת S TWOT GK n.[m.]coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ dub.; Dietr^{Abh. 73} cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: abs. שׁ׳ Is 7:23, 24; 9:17; 27:4 (cf. Du); שָׁ֑יִת 5:6; 7:25; sf. שִׁיתוֹ 10:17 (fig. Assyrian).

שָׁכַב S TWOT GK (Lag ⁶³)₂₁₂ vb. lie down (NH = BH; שכב Ecclus 47:23 (in death), משכב bed 40:5; 47:20 d, = death bed 46:19; Ph. שכב, משכב (v. מ׳ 1 infr.), Lzb³⁷⁵; Ethiopic ሰከበ (sakaba) lie, so Aramaic שְׁכַב, ܫܟܶܒ (škeb); Nab. משכבא couch; Arabic سَكَبَ (sakaba) only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (cf. Hiph. infr., and Lag ⁶³));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 26:10 +, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּב Gn 30:15 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכְּבֻן 1 S 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Jos 2:8 Jb 30:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכַב 2 S 13:5 Ez 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Gn 39:7, 12, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹב Lv 15:24; cstr. שְׁכַב 1 K 1:21 +, sf. שָׁכְבוֹ Ru 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Gn 19:33, 35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Dt 6:7 + 2 times; Pt. שֹׁכֵב Gn 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Mi 7:5 Ru 3:8, etc.;— 1. lie down (sometimes opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ): a. Ju 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל). b. to sleep, Gn 19:4 (J), 28:11 (E), 1 S 3:5 Dt 7:7 Pr 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם 1 S 9:26 G Th We Dr and mod.; שׁ׳ + יָשֵׁן sleep 1 K 19:5 ψ 3:6; 4:9, cf. Pr 3:24⁽⁾, + נִרְדָּם Jon 1:5; = be lying 1 S 3:2, 3; 26:5 (all בְּ loc.), v 7 4:5 (acc. cogn. noon-repose), 2 S 13:8, cf. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָ׳ Pr 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Ec 4;11; + be sleeping 1 S 26:7; = keep lying, c. עַד Ju 16:3 1 S 3:14 Ru 3:13 Pr 6:9; emphasis on resting, Lv 26:6 (H), Jb 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) 2 S 12:16, cf. 13:21, שׁ׳ בַּשָּׂק 1 K 21:27, שׁ׳ בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם ψ 68:14 (of indolence?); fig. of prostration by disease 41:9 among foes 57:5; of humiliation Je 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Gn 28:13 (J), usually bed 2 S 13:5 1 K 21:4 Lv 15:4, 24, 26, cf. v 20, for midday repose 2 S 4:7. c. lie on (עַל) one’s side Ez 4:4⁽⁾, 6, 9 (symbol.). d. lie, עַל pers. 1 K 3:19 (fatally), 2 K 4:34 (to revive). e. lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) 2 S 12:3, of woman Mi 7:5 (intimacy), 1 K 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Gn 19:33, 35 (of woman, v. 3 infr.; both opp. קוּם). 2. = lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳ Jos 2:1 (E), 2 K 4:11, cf. 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Lv 14:47 (בְּ loc.). 3. of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Gn 30:15, 16; 39:7, 12, 14 (J), Ex 22:15 (E), Dt 22:22 + 8 times Dt., 2 S 11:4, 11; 12:11, 24 Lv 15:33; c. אֶת fem. with (MT אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., v. Dr 2 S 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85a supra), Gn 26:10; 34:2, 7; 35:22 (all J), 1 S 2:22 (om. G and mod.), 2 S 13:14 Ez 23:8 (fig.), Lv 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Nu 5:19, also (c. acc. cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v 13 Lv 15:18; 19:20; c. acc. (sf.) fem. Dt 28:30 Kt (v. [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵצֶל fem. Gn 39:10 (J); c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Lv 18:22; 20:13 (both H; c. acc. cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁח); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Dt 27:21 Ex 22:18 (E); subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Gn 19:32, 34, 35 (J) 2 S 13:11; אֵת vir. Gn 19:33, 34 (cf. 1 e supra). 4. a. lie down in death, Is 14:8; 43:17 (opp. קוּם), Ez 31:18; 32:27, 28, 29, 30 Jb 14:12 (opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ), שׁ׳ וְאֶשְׁקוֹט 3:13; be lying (dead) Is 51:20 La 2:21. b. especially in phr. שׁ׳ עִם אֲבוֹתָיו lie down with his fathers, of kings 1 K 1:21; 2:10 + 35 times K Ch, cf. Gn 47:30 (J), Dt 31:16, and (c. אֵת) 2 S 7:12. c. in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Is 14:18 (opp. מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר ψ 88:6; לֶעָפָר Jb 7:21, עַל־ע׳ 20:11; 21:26; in Sh^e’ôl Ez 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Is 50:11. 5. fig. = relax: Jb 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לֹא שׁ׳ לִבּוֹ Ec 2:23. †Niph.Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph.Pu. q.v.; †Hiph. lay, Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁכִּיבָה c. acc. puer. + בְּחֵיק 1 K 3:20, so Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v 20, cf. (עַל־מִטָּה) 17:19 2 K 4:21; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְצָה 2 S 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Impf. also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב 2 Ch 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Jb 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (cf. Arabic سَكَبَ (sakaba) supra). †Hoph. Pt. מֻשְׁכָּב 2 K 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; Pf. consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Ez 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹךְ et אֵת pers. (with); so Imv. ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v 19 (c. אֵת pers. only).

†[שְׁכָבָה S TWOT GK] n.f. act of lying, layer;—only cstr. שִׁכְבַת;— 1. act of lying, as acc. cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Lv 15:18 (P) a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), cf. 19:20 (H) Nu 5:13 (P); then ( = semen), תֵּצֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Lv 15:16, 32 (P) 22:4 (H) ( + מִמֶּנּוּ), שׁ׳ ז׳ alone 15:17 (P). 2. layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָּ֑ל Ex 16:13, 14 (P).

†[שְׁכֹ֫בֶת S TWOT GK Lag ¹⁷⁹ Ba ¹⁴⁴] n.f. couplation;—sf., all c. נָתַן: וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּוֹ Nu 5:20 (P; בְּ fem.); לֹא תִתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְזָ֑רַע Lv 18:20 (אֶל fem.), בְּכָל־בֵּהֵמָה לֹא תִתֵּן שׁ׳ v 23, cf. 20:15 (all H).

מִשְׁכָּב S TWOT GK₄₆ n.m. Lv 15, 4 place of lying, couch; act of lying;—abs. מ׳ 1 K 1:47 +, cstr. מִשְׁכַּב 2 S 4:5 +; sf. מִשְׁכָּבִי Jb 7:13 +, מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם ψ 4:5; pl. cstr. מִשְׁכְּבֵי Gn 49:4 +, sf. מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָם Ho 7:14 +, etc.;— 1. couch, bed (37 times), 2 S 4:11 Ho 7:14 Mi 2:1 1 K 1:47 Ct 3:1 +; וְנָפַל לְמ׳ Ex 21:18 (E) he takes to his bed; מ׳ נִדָּתָהּ Lv 15:26 (P; v. sub I. נדד); מ׳ as place of copulation Gn 49:4 (poem in J), Is 57:7, 8⁽⁾ Pr 7:17; as place of burial Is 57:2 Ez 32:25 2 Ch 16:14 (v. מ׳ Inscr. Tabnit⁸ and perhaps Jewish inscr. Cooke³⁴¹). † 2. act of lying: a. in gen., חֲדַר מ׳ chamber of lying down = bed-chamber, Ex 7:28 (E), 2 S 4:7 2 K 6:12, בְּחַדְרֵי מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ Ec 10:20; והוּא שֹׁכֵב אֵת מ׳ הַצָּהֳרַיִם 2 S 4:5 his noonday siesta; 17:28 read perhaps עַרְשׂת מ׳ couches for lying down Klo Bu HPS Now, cf. G. b. (from context) sexually: of woman מִשְׁכַּב (אִישׁ לְ) יֹּדַעַת זָכָר Ju 21:11, 12 Nu 31:17, 18, 35 (P); of man שׁכב מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה Lv 18:22; 20:13 ( + אֶת־זָכָר sodomy; H); מ׳ דֹּרִים Ez 23:17.

†[שָׁכָה S TWOT GK, so most] vb.Hiph. Pt. as adj. in סוּסִים מוּזָנִים מַשְׁכִּים הָיוּ Je 5:8 usually, horses … roaming at large they have become (cf. Ethiopic ሰኰየ (sakʷaya));—but meaning lustful needed; Aq Theod ἕλκοντες, Jer trahentes (sc. genitalia), i.e. מֹשְׁכִים; read with Arnheim Du Dr מַאֲשִׁיכִים, i.e. fed stallions (lit. growing אֲשָׁכִים, Lv 21:20; cf. מַקְרִין, מַפְרִיס).

שָׁכַח S TWOT GK^, vb. forget (NH id.; Ecclus 45:26 ^c and (Pi.) 11:25⁽⁾; Aramaic שְׁכַח, ܫܟܰܚ (škaḥ) is find);—Qal₈₆ Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ ψ 9:13 +, sf. שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Is 49:14; 2 fs. שָׁכַחַתְּ Je 13:25; 1 pl. sf. שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ ψ 44:18, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּח Dt 4:31 +, etc.; Imv. fs. שִׁכְחִי ψ 45:11; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹחַ; Pt. pl. cstr. שֹׁכְחֵי Jb 8:13 ψ 50:22;—forget: 3. subj. man, a. acc. rei Gn 27:45 (E), Dt 4:9; 9:7 (opp. זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב loc., 24:19; c. obj. cl. c. כִּי Jb 39:15; c. מִן inf. ψ 102:5. b. c. acc. pers., involving forgetting to mention, Gn 40:23 (E; opp. זכר), ceasing to care for Je 30:14 (fig.), Is 49:15⁽⁾ (acc. om.), v 15 Jb 19:14 ψ 45:11; c. acc. Jerusalem 137:5a; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Jb 24:20; abs. ψ 137:5b תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי: AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced: G תִּשָּׁכַח; read prob. (Gr Bu al.) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (109:24, cf. Zc 11:17), or (Che) תְּכַחֵשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Hb 3:17). c. especially c. acc. י׳ (God), Ho 2:15; 8:14; 13:6 Ju 3:7 1 S 12:9 Is 17:10 Dt 8:19 (שָׁכֹהַ תִּשׁ׳) + 16 times (5 times Dt, 4 times Je), + ψ 59:12 (acc. om.); also acc. of divine name Je 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), ψ 44:21; commands of י׳ Ho 4:6 Dt 26:13 (acc. om.) ψ 119:16 + 7 times ψ 119, his doings and ways, v 139; 78:7, 11; 103:2; 106:13, his covenant Dt 4:23, 31 2 K 17:38 Pr 2:17; law of wisdom 3:1, sc. acc. בִּינָה 4:6. 4. subj. י׳ (God): a. acc. pers. Ho 4:6 1 S 1:11 (opp. זָכַר), La 5:20 Is 49:14 (|| עָזַב), ψ 10:12; 13:2; 42:10. b. acc. of sins Am 8:7 ψ 10:11 (acc. om.), cry ψ 9:13 (opp. זָכַר), cf., of distress, 44:25. c. voice of foes ψ 74:23. d. sq. inf. ψ 77:10. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁכַּה Ec 9:5, etc.; Impf. יִשָּׁכַח ψ 9:19, 3 fs. תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Je 20:11, etc.; Pt. fs. נִשְׁכָּחָה Is 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת v 15, pl. נִשְׁכָּחִים Jb 28:4;—be forgotten: subj. rei Gn 41:30 (E), Dt 31:21 Je 20:11; 23:40; 50:5 Is 65:11; subj. pers. ψ 9:19; 31:13 Ec 2:16, Tyre Is 23:15, 16 (under fig. of harlot), subj. זִכְרָם Ec 9:5; הַנִּשׁ׳ מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל Jb 28:4. †Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁכַּח י׳ וגו׳ La 2:6 י׳ hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath. †Hiph. Inf. לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Je 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 acc.). †Hithp. Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Ec 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.

†[שָׁכֵחַ S TWOT GK] adj. forgetting, forgetful;—pl. הַשְּׁכֵחִים אֶת־הַר ק׳ Is 65:11 they who forget the mt. of my holiness (|| עֹזְבֵי י׳); cstr. שְׁכֵחֵי א׳ ψ 9:18 all nations forgetful of God (cf. שֹׁכְחֵי pt., Jb 8:13 ψ 50:22).

†[שָׁכַךְ S TWOT GK] vb. decrease, abate (NH שְׁכִיכָה is allaying of anger; שִׁכֵּךְ אֹזֶן soothe, satisfy the ear (so appar. Dalm), i.e. allow it to hear and understand, cf. Levy (and Arabic سَكَّ (sakka) be narrow, have small ears, be deaf, Frä ⁹⁰); Arabic سَكَّ (sakka) v. humble oneself, Wahrm humiliate);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֹׁכּוּ Gn 8:1 the waters abated; Inf. cstr. כְּשֹׁךְ Est 2:1 when abated the king’s wrath, so Pf. 3 fs. שָׁכָ֑כָה 7:10.—כְּשַׁךְ יְקוּשִׁים Je 5:26 usually like the bending, crouching, of fowlers (this meaning for שַׁךְ dub.; Dr כְּשֻׁר; Du del. ישׁור כשׁ, then reads מוֹקְשִׁים הִצִּ֔יבוּ בַּשַּׁחַת א׳ יִלְכֹּדוּ ׃). Hiph. Pf. 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁכֹּתִ֫י מֵעָלַי Nu 17:20 I will allay from upon me the murmurings (acc.), etc.

†[שָׁכֹל, שָׁכַל S TWOT GK^, Lag ²⁶] vb. be bereaved (= Arabic ثَكِلَ (ṯakila), T תְּכוֹל, תְּכֵל; cf. Syriac ܬܟܳܠܴܐ (tkolo) loss of children);—Qal Pf. 1 s. כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָ֑לְתִּי Gn 43:14 (E) if I am bereaved, I am bereaved (of father, expr. resignation; on כָ֑לְ v. Ges ^{29 u}); Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁכַּל 27:45 (E), c. acc. pers. be bereaved of you both (of mother); 3 fs. תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ 1 S 15:33 thy mother shall be bereaved above (more than) woman. Pi. Pf. 3 fs. שִׁכְּלָה 1 S 15:33 +, sf. וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה Ez 14:15, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁכֵּל Dt 32:25 +, 2 fs. תְּשַׁכְּלִי Ez 36:14 Qr (v. כָּשַׁל Pi.); Inf. cstr. sf. לְשַׁכְּלַם v 12; Pt. מְשַׁכֵּלָה Ex 23:26, -כֶּ֫לֶת Ez 36:13, -כָּ֑לֶת 2 K 2:19, 21;— 1. make childless, acc. of father Gn 42:36 (E), of mothers 1 S 15:33 (subj. חֶרֶב), cf. Lv 26:22 Ez 5:17 (subj. famine and beasts), and 14:15 (id.; obj. land); acc. of people Ho 9:12 (מֵאָדָם), Je 15:7 ( + אִבַּדְתִּי), Ez 36:12, cf. v 13, 14 (v. supra); obj. om. (subj. חֶרֶב) Dt 32:25 La 1:20 Ez 21:19 (Co, for תִּכָּפֵל, v. כָּפַל p. 495b; otherwise Toy Krae). 2. a. cause barrenness, or abortion, הָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכְּ׳ 2 K 2:19, cf. v 21 (Thes otherwise, v. מְשׁ׳ infra). b. shew abortion, (1) of any female Ex 23:26 (E; + עֲקָרָה), animals Gn 31:38 (E) Jb 21:10; (2) of vine Mal 3:11. Hiph. Pt. רֶחֶם (וְשָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים) מַשְׁכִּיל Ho 9:14 miscarrying womb.—Je 50:9 read מַשְׂכִּיל successful, G S Heb. Codd. Ew Hi Gf Gie.

שְׁכוֹל S TWOT GK n.[m.] bereavement, loss of children;—לֹא אֵדַע שׁ׳ Is 47:8 (|| אַלְמָנָה), cf. v 9; fig. ψ 35:12.

†[שָׁכוּל S TWOT GK] adj. childless (through bereavement);—fs. שְׁכוּלָה Is 49:21 (fig. of Zion);—on form v. Ba ⁴⁷.

†שַׁכּוּל S TWOT^, GK adj. bereaved, robbed of offspring (Ba ^{§ 37 c});—especially דֹּב שׁ׳ 2 S 17:8 Ho 13:8 Pr 17:12 (sim. of fierceness); נְשֵׁיהֶם שַׁכֻּלוֹת Je 18:21; שַׁבֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם Ct 4:2 (of flock, in sim.) = 6:6.

†[שִׁכֻּלִים S TWOT GK] n. pl. abstr. bereavement, childlessness;—בְּנֵי שִׁכֻּלָ֑יִךְ Is 49:20 i.e. sons of thee, the bereaved.

†מְשַׁכֶּ֫לֶת S TWOT^, according to Thes n. f. abstr. miscarriage, 2 K 2:21 (|| מָוֶת); if so, read < -כֹּלֶת Klo Kit; but probably Pi. Pt. as v 19, cf. Bur.

שׁכם (√ of foll., meaning unknown; NH Hiph. = BH; Ethiopic has denom. ሰከመ (sakama) carry on the shoulder; Arabic سَكَمَ (sakama) is take short steps, from weakness (Ḳam Frey)).

i. שְׁכֶם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.m. Zp 3:9 shoulder;—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם ψ 21:13 (whence orig. šakm inferred Ol ^{147 a ad} Sta ^{199 a}; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, Ba ¹⁰⁴ Kö^{. 1. 67, 506}); cstr. שְׁכֶם Gn 9:23; sf. שִׁכְמוֹ 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Ges ^{91 e}) Jb 31:22, etc.;— 1. shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = 2): a. as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under fig. of ass), cf. 21:14 (E), 24:15, 45 Ex 12:34, also Gn 9:23 (all J), Jos 4:5 (E), Ju 9:48 Is 10:27 (|| צַוָּאר), 14:25 (both fig.), ψ 81:7, so, metaph., of responsibility of rule Is 9:5; 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Jb 31:36; fig. also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Zp 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), cf. Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ (ḥad katpo). b. in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם 1 S 9:2, cf. 10:23 and (with play on n.pr.loc. שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Gn 48:22 (E; cf. Dr). 2. in gen. back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם 1 S 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ ψ 21:13, i.e. make them turn (in flight; cf. וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Is 9:3 (|| שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Jb 31:22 2.—Ho 6:9 v. ii. שְׁכֶם.

שִׁכְמָה v. foregoing.

†ii. שְׁכֶם S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^{, ,} n.pr.loc.₄₉ et m.14 (Συχεμ; GL often Σίκιμα Lag ⁵⁷): 1. district in N. Palestine (prob. shoulder (saddle?) of mount.);—מְקוֹם שׁ׳ Gn 12:6, שְׁכֶ֑מָה 37:14; = city (שְׁכֶם, שְׁכֶ֑מָה, Ho 6:9 שֶׁ֑כְמָה) Jos 24:1; עִיר שׁ׳ Gn 33:18 Ju 8:31 + 20 times Ju 9 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ v 2 + 12 times, ב׳ מִגְּדַּל־שׁ׳ v 46, 47), Ho 6:9 + 21 times (עִיר שׁ׳ Gn 33:18); city of refuge Jos 20:7; 21:21 1 Ch 6:52.—WMM ³⁹⁴, cp. Egypt. Sa-ka-mà (cf. Jen ^{x (1895) 356}); mod. Nablûs (from Rom. name Neapolis); v. Buhl ^{200 f.} GASm ^{332 ff. 345} Wilson ^shechem. 2. n.pr.m. (on connexion with 1 cf. Ju 9:28), ‘son’ of Ḥamor, also Gn 33:19; 34:2 + 10 times 34, Jos 24:32.

†שֶׁ֫כֶם S GK n.pr.m. in Manasseh (Συχεμ): Nu 26:31 1 Ch 7:19; בְּנֵי־שׁ׳ Jos 17:2.

†שִׁכְמִי S GK adj.gent. of שֶׁכֶם, c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:31.

[שָׁכַם S TWOT GK]₆₅ vb. Hiph. denom. start, rise, early (proposes load backs of beasts for day’s journey);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁכִּים 2 S 15:2 Jb 1:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Gn 19:27 +, 2 ms. תַּשְׁכִּים Ju 9:33, etc.; Imv. הַשְׁכֵּם Ex 8:16 +; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּם Je 7:25 +, -כֵּים Je 44:4 Pr 27:14, erron. אַשְׁכֵּים Je 25:3 (Ges ^{53 k}); Pt. מַשְׁכִּים Ho 6:4 +, etc.;—rise early, make an early start, of journey (Hex only JE); לְדַרְכְּכֶם Ju 19:9 ( + מָחָר), cf. Ct 7:13; + vb. of going Gn 19:2 (J), standing 2 S 15:2, encamping Ju 7:1, etc.; + inf. 1 S 15:12 (cf. Dr), 29:11 2 K 6:15 (לָקוּם), מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם ψ 127:2 (opp. מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת); usually c. בַּבֹּקֶר Gn 19:27 (J; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם), 1 S 29:10⁽⁾ + 27 times, + (hyperbol.) מַשְׁכִּימֵי בַבּ׳ שֵׁבָר יִרְרֹּ֑פוּ Is 5:11 (|| מְאַחֲרֵי בַנֶּשֶׁף); c. מִמָּחֳרָת Ex 32:6 (E), Ju 6:28 + 3 times; c. בַּעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר Jos 6:15 (J), 1 S 9:26; וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ וַיֵּצְאוּ Jos 8:14 (J) they made a quick and early start, and went out; †Inf. abs. (Ges ^{113 s}) as adv. הַשׁ׳ וְהַעֲרֵב 1 S 17:16 at early morning and at evening; especially of י׳, in Je: הַשׁ׳ וְדַבֵּר = speaking early and often Je 7:13; 35:15 and (of Je) 25:3, cf. 11:7; 32:33; often הַשׁ׳ וְשָׁלוֹחַ = sending early and often 7:25; 25:4; 26:5; 29:19; 35:15; 44:4, also 2 Ch 36:15; so vb. fin. הִשְׁכִּימוּ הִשְׁחִיתוּ Zp 3:7 = with eagerness they corrupted (Ges ^{120 g}); pt. כַּטַּל מַשְׁ׳ הֹלֵךְ Ho 6:4 like the dew departing early, 13:3 (Ges ^ib.).—1 S 9:26 read וַיִּשְׁכַּב, v. שׁכב.

שָׁכַן S^, TWOT^, GK, שָׁכֵ֑ן S TWOT GK₁₂₉ vb. settle down, abide, dwell (NH id.; Ecclus 43:17d +; Ph. שכן Lzb³⁷⁵; Aramaic שְׁכֵין; Syriac ܫܟܶܢ (šken), all dwell; Arabic سَكَنَ (sakana) rest, dwell, cf. Assyrian šakânu, set, lay, deposit, set up (a dwelling), intrans. be situated (of city), maškanu, 2);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ex 40:35 + 5 times; שָׁכֵ֑ן Dt 33:12 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁכֹּן Gn 16:12 +; יִשְׁכָּן־ Nu 9:17 + 2 times; 3 mpl. יִשְׁכֹּ֑נוּ Je 49:31; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁכֹּ֑נָּה Ez 17:23, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכֹן Gn 26:2 ψ 37:27; שְׁכָן־ v 3; mpl. שִׁכְנוּ Je 48:28; Inf. cstr. בִּשְׁכֹּן (Ges ^{45 g}) Gn 35:22, לִשְׁכּוֹן 2 Ch 6:1, etc.; sf. שָׁכְנִי Ex 29:46; שִׁכְנוֹ Dt 12:5 (but v. Pi. 1), etc.; Pt. שֹׁכֵן Gn 14:13 +, שֹׁכְנִי (Ges ^{90 l m}) Dt 33:16 + 3 times; sf. fs. שֹׁכַנְתְּי Je 51:13; Pt. pass. appar. pl. cstr. c. art. הַשְּׁכוּנֵי Ju 8:11 (but corrupt, n.pr.loc. needed, v. GFM):— 1. settle down to abide: a. of pers.: encamp Nu 24:2 (E); settle permanently ψ 102:29 (abs.: || יִכּוֹן); שׁ׳ כמלך Jb 29:25 (|| ישׁב); settle down (to remain) Ju 5:17; תַּחְתָּיו 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9 (not to be removed); especially at rest, peace, in security, לבטח Je 23:6; 33:16 Dt 33:12, cf. בין כתפים v 12; ψ 16:9