I.שָׁמַר S TWOT GK₄₆₅ vb. keep, watch, preserve (NH id.; Ph. שמר in n.pr. and (Pun.) = watchman; TelAm. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Wkl ^{80, 1, 23}; Mand. סמירא preserved Nö ⁴⁶; cf. Arabic سَمَرَ (samara) converse by night, stay awake (v. Lag ¹⁰⁵); Ba ^{175 f.; 43} infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ (temro) eyelid (cf. [שְׁמֻרָה] infr.), and Arabicثَمَلَ (ṯamala) support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Heb.; but proof insuff.);—Qal₄₂₅ Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 37:11 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמֹר 1 S 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Je 5:24 +, sf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Ex 21:29, 36; 3 fs. sf. תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Pr 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, v. Ges ^{47 g} Toy), etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמֹר Jb 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה 1 Ch 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Jos 6:18 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹר Dt 5:12 +; cstr. שְׁמֹר Gn 3:24 +, sf. שָׁמְרָהּ 2:15, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁמֵר 1 S 1:12 +, etc.; pass. שָׁמוּר Ec 5:12 (1 S 9:24 v. infr.), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q.v.]: 1. a keep, have charge of, garden Gn 2:15 (J), ark 1 S 7:1, property in trust Ex 22:6, 9 (E), cf. 1 S 25:31; tend flock Gn 30:31 (E), cf. Zc 3:7 Nu 3:8 (P); so perhaps (obj. om.) Ho 12:13 (where שׁ׳ chosen for parallelism Now Marti al.); Pt. הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Gn 4:9 (J), שׁ׳ of sheep 1 S 17:20, שׁ׳ הַכֵּלִים v 22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים 2 K 22:14 2 Ch 34:22, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Est 2:3, 8, 15, cf. v 14, etc. b. keep, guard, captives Jos 10:18 (J), 1 K 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Gn 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל pers. over whom 1 S 26:15 (ψ 59:10 v. 3 end), עַל pers. v 16 Pr 6:22; בַּנַּעַר 2 S 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי G), cf. 2 K 9:14; in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2 S 11:16, עַל חַטָּאתִי Jb 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר c. G Ew Di Du al. [not Hi Bu]); abs. c. מֵעַל Ec 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (v. p. 759 a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech †Pr 21:23, cf. Mi 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ †Pr 13:3; 16:17; 19:16; 22:5, another’s Jb 2:6; in Pr, acc. pers., subj. widsom, 4:6 she shall preserve thee, cf. ( + מִן of evil) 6:24; 7:5; especially Pt. watch, watchman, of city Is 21:11⁽⁾, 12; 62:5 (fig.), Ct 3:3; 5:7⁽⁾ ψ 127:1; שׁ׳ הַסַּף (in temple) Je 35:4 + (v. סַף), הַשּׁ׳ פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 K 14:27 = 2 Ch 12:10, שׁ׳ הַשְּׁעָרִים Ne 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (fig.) Ec 12:3; שׁ׳ הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) †2 S 15:16; 16:21; 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים 1 S 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים 2 K 22:14, שׁ׳ הַפַּרְדֵּס Ne 2:8, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Est 2:3, 14, 15, שֹׁמְרִים abs. Ju 7:19 Je 51:12. c. hence watch for, wait for, acc. pers. 1 S 19:11 (to kill him), cf. ψ 59:1 (title; acc. הַבַּיִת); c. עֲקֵבַי ψ 56:7 = dog my steps, 71:10 Je 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Jb 10:14; 13:27; 33:11; abs. הַשֹּׁמְרִים Ju 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Jb 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר ψ 130:6⁽⁾. d. watch, observe, acc. rei 1 S 1:12 Ec 11:4 Jb 39:1 Je 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Is 42:20 ψ 107:43; acc. pers. 37:37 (|| ראה), Zc 11:11; acc. of sin ψ 31:7; 130:3; acc. rei, for the purpose of avoiding, 17:4. 2. a. keep, retain, of storing up (food) Gn 41:35 (E); abs. Ec 3:6 (opp. הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Gn 37:11 (E), cf. Mal 2:7 1 Ch 29:18 Pr 4:21 (בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ), 22:18 (בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ); retain wrath Am 1:11 (read שָׁמַר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; v. also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Je 3:5 (|| נטר). b. keep within boudns, restrain, obj. שׁוֹר Ex 21:29, 36 (E); c. acc. hand, מִן of evil Is 56:2; fig. keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Ec. 4:17; אֶשׁ׳־לְפִי מַחְסוֹם ψ (39:2 G Du al. אָשִׂימָה); appar. reflex. ( = Niph.), †Jos 6:18 ( + מִן־הַחֵרֶם), poss. sc. נַפְשְׁכֶם Di. 3. a. observe, celebrate, acc. of festival, etc., Ex 23:15 (E), 34:18 (J), 12:17, of day v 17 (P), of month Dt 16:1. b. keep sabbath †Dt 5:12 Lv 19:3, 30; 26:2 (all H), Ex 31:13, 14, 16 (P), Is 56:4, also ( + מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v 2, 6. c. of other obligations: keep covenant Ez 17:14, especially covenant of י׳ Dt 29:8 1 K 11:11 + 5 times, שְׁבֻעַת י׳ 1 K 2:43, perform vow Dt 23:24; keep commands Je 35:18 Ez 20:18; especially מִצְוֹת, חֻקִּים, עֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳ (sometimes || נצר), Ex 20:6 = Dt 5:10, Am 2:4 1 K 2:3 ψ 119:8, 17, 34 + very often (c. 120 times); שׁ׳ דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Gn 18:19 (J) + 4 times, דַּרְכֵי י׳ 2 S 22:22 = ψ 18:22, ד׳ י׳ om. Ju 2:22b; שׁ׳ אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים Pr 2:20 (|| תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים), שׁ׳ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) 8:32 (ψ 17:4 v. 1 d); keep, discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Nu 3:10; 18:7 (both P), abs. 2 Ch 5:11; a function or duty, especially שׁ׳ מִשְׁמֶרֶת Lv 8:35 Nu 1:53 + c. 32 times (v. מ׳ infr.); acc. of obligation often om., especially D (and R) keep and do Dt 4:6; 7:12 + 8 times; to do 5:1, 29 + 16 times D + 3 times, etc. d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Ho 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Is 56:1 Pr 4:4; 5:2; 7:1, 2; bad sense, observe vanities ψ 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר abs. Ho 4:10, very strange (conj. in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1 S 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, cf. Now Bu; ψ 59:10 read עֻזִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה (as v 18, S Che Bae). 4. sometimes י׳ subj.: a. keep, preserve, protect, acc. pers., + ב of way, etc., Gn 28:15, 20 (J), Ex 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָךְ), ψ 91:11 (מ׳), Jos 24:17 (E); acc. pers. (or נפשׁ) only: 1 S 30:23 Je 31:9 Nu 6:24 (P), Jb 29:2 ψ 16:1 + 10 times ψψ; + מִן ψ 121:7 + 2 times; acc. רַגְלַי 1 S 2:9, cf. Pr 3:26 (מִן); Pt. שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ ψ 121:3, 5, cf. v 4, etc.; acc. of city 127:1. b. c. acc. בְּרִית, ל pers. Dt 7:12, + חֶסֶד v 7 + 5 times, הַשּׁ׳ אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם ψ 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Dt 7:8, etc.; pass. of covenant (י׳ agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2 S 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr). 5. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Je 5:24 (ל pers.). Niph.₃₆ Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַר 2 S 20:10, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁמֵר Ju 13:13; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמִ֑רוּ Ex 23:13; Imv. ms. הִשָּׁמֵר Is 7:4 (לְךָ) הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Gn 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Ju 13:4, etc.;— 1. be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב 2 S 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; c. ב temp. 1 S 19:2, שָׁם 2 K 6:10; take heed Ex 23:13 (E) Dt 2:4; c. מִן pers. Ex 23:21 (E), Je 9:3; מִן rei Ju 13:13 Dt 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Gn 31:29 (E), 2 K 6:9; inf. without מִן Ex 19:12 (J), but read prob. מֵעֲלוֹת; sq. פֶּן lest Gn 24:6 (J) + 11 times (especially Dt); c. (וְ)אַל juss. Ex 10:28 (J), Ju 13:4 Jb 36:21, c. Imv. coörd. Is 7:4.—Very often Imv. (24 times), especially in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 times), הִשָּֽׁמְרוּ לִכֶם (3 times); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Dt 4:15 Jos 23:11 (R; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳ Je 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (cf. ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Mal 2:15, 16 (We Now). † 2. keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה 1 S 21:5. † 3. be kept, guarded, Ho 12:14 (cf. שׁ׳ of Jacob v 13); be preserved (by י׳) ψ 37:28 (לִעוֹלָם), but read prob. נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ (לְעוֹלָם) עַוָּלִים Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr. †Pi. Pt. pl. מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Jon 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (cf. Qal ψ 31:7). †Hithp. Impf. 1 s. וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר מֵעֲוֹנִי ψ 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = 2 S 22:24 (vb. cohort.); 3 ms. וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Mi 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.

†i. שֶׁ֫מֶר S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. (proposes clan-name, cf. Sta ^{(1885), 166f.}, cf. Sab. שמר Os 13, but NAram شِمْر (šimr) DHM ^{xxxvii (1885). 14} SabDenkm 30);—Σεμ(μ)ηρ, etc.: 1. שׁ׳ orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built 1 K 16:24⁽⁾. 2. שָׁ֑מֶר: a. Levite 1 Ch 6:31. b. in Asher 7:34, A GL Σωμηρ; = שֹׁמֵר v 32. c. in Benj. 8:12 van d. H.; > שֶׁמֶד q.v.

†שָׁמְרָה S TWOT GK n.f. guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי ψ 141:3 (|| נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

†שֹׁמֵר S^, GK^, n.pr.m. 1. father of one of Joash’s murderers 2 K 12:21, Σωμηρ, GL Σεμμηρ (called שִׁמְרִית q.v., a Moabitess, || 2 Ch 24:26). 2. Asherite 1 Ch 7:32, Σαμηρ, Σωμηρ; = שֶׁמֵר 2 b.

†שִׁמְרִי S GK n.pr.m. usually Σαμαρει, etc.: 1. in Simeon, 1 Ch 4:37. 2. father of a hero of David 1 Ch 11:45. 3. Levites: a. 1 Ch 26:10. b. 2 Ch 29:13, Ζαμβρει, Σαμβρι.

†שִׁמְרָת S GK n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8;21, Σαμαραθ, -ρει.

†שִׁמְרִית S GK n.pr.f. Moabitish mother of one of Joash’s murderers 2 Ch 24:26 (m. Σομαιωθ, A Σαμαριθ; f. GL Σαμιραμωθ), || שֹׁמֵר n.pr.m. 2 K 12:21.

†[שְׁמֻרָה S TWOT GK] n.f. eye-lid (from its guarding the eye);—pl. cstr. שְׁמֻרוֹת עֵינָ֑י ψ 77:5.

†[שִׁמֻּר S TWOT GK] n.[m.] watching, vigil (so Di; > observance);—pl. לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים לי׳ Ex 12:42 a night of vigils to י׳, שׁ׳ לְכָל־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v 42.

†שְׁמַרְיָ֫ה(וּ) S GK n.pr.m. (י׳ has kept, preserved);—Σαμαρ(ε)ια(ς): 1. -יָ֫הוּ a hero of David 1 Ch 12:6 (van d. H. v 5). Elsewhere -יָה: 2. son of Rehoboam 2 Ch 11:19. 3. contemporaries of Ezra: a Ear 10:32. b. v 41.

שֹׁמְרוֹן S TWOT GK₁₀₉ n.pr.loc. capital of N. Isr. from Omri’s time (belonging to clan שֶׁמֶר, Sta ^{(1885), 165–175}; originally שַׁמְרוֹן or שַׁמְרַיִן Assyrian Samerîna COT 1 K 16:24);—שׁ׳ 1 K 16:24 (name expl. as from שֶׁמֶר, orig. owner of site), v 28, 29, 32; 20:1, 10 +; שֹׁמְר֫וֹנָה 1 K 20:43 2 K 6:19; 14:14; personified as woman Ez 16:46, 51, 53, 55; 23:4, 33; king of N. Isarel is מֶלֶךְ שׁ׳ 1 K 21:2 2 K 1:3; מ׳ יִשׂ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁ׳ 1 K 21:18, cf. מָלַךְ עַל־יִשׂ׳ בְּשׁ׳ 22:52 + 9 times; thence name of territory, שְׂדֵה שׁ׳ Ob 19, עָרֵי שׁ׳ 1 K 13:32 (point of view of later editor), 2 K 17:24, 26; 23:19; הָרֵי שׁ׳ Am 3:9 Je 31:5,—cf. הַר־שׁ׳ Am 4:1; 6:1 1 K 16:24; perhaps שׁ׳ alone Je 23:13 1 K 18:2 2 K 17:24, 28 2 Ch 25:13; חֵיל שׁ׳ Ne 3:34,—G usually Σαμαρεια, but 1 K 16:24 Σεμερω, Σαεμερων, Σομορων; = mod. Sebastieh; vid. GASm ^{346 ff.} Buhl ^{G 207 f.} Cowley ^{s. v.} Wilson ^{s. v.}.

†[שֹׂמְרֹנִי] adj.gent. Samaritan, only as n.pl. הַשֹּׁמְרֹנִים 2 K 17:29 the Samaritans.

†i. שִׁמְרוֹן S GK^, n.pr.loc. Canaanite city, with king: Jos 11:1, in Zebulun 19:15, Συμοων, Σομερων, etc., = שׁ׳ מְראוֹן Kt (שׁ׳ מְרוֹן Qr) 12:20.

†ii. שִׁמְרוֹן S GK^, n.pr.m. son of Issachar, Gn 46:13 Nu 26:24 1 Ch 7:1; Ζαμβραμ, Σαμβρα, Σεμερων, etc.

†שִׁמְרֹנִי S GK adj.gent. of foregoing; c. art as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Nu 26:24.

†אַשְׁמוּרָה S TWOT GK אַשְׁמֹ֫רֶת n.f.watch (division of time);—abs. אַשְׁמוּרָה בַּלָּ֑יְלָה ψ 90:4; רֹאשׁ הָאַשְׁמֹרֶת הַתִּיכוֹנָה Ju 7:19; cstr. אַשְׁמֹרֶת הַבֹּקֶר Ex 14:24 (J), 1 S 11:11; pl. abs. אַשְׁמֻרוֹת La 2:19 ψ 63:7; 119:148.

†יִשְׁמְרַי S GK n.pr.m. in Benj., 1 Ch 8:18, Σαμαρει; A Ιεσαμαρι, GL Ιασσημαρι.

†מִשְׁמָר S TWOT GK^, n.[m.] place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance;—abs. מ׳ Gn 42:17 +; cstr. מִשְׁמַר 40:3 +; sf. מִשְׁמָרוֹ Ne 7:3, etc.; pl. sf. -רָיו 13:14;— 1. gaol, prison, מ׳ בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים Gn 40:3, cf. v 4 (abs.), v 7 41:10; 42:17 (abs.), + v 30 (G), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם v 19 (all E); 2 in camp Lv 24:12 (P), Nu 15:34 (P). 2. guard, Je 51:12 Ne 4:3, 16, אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳ v 17; 2 7:3; fig. of י׳ setting a guard, כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַי מ׳ Jb 7:12; band of (Levit.) guards or functionaries 1 Ch 26:16 Ne 12:24, 25 (cf. מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, מִכָּל־מ׳ Pr 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart.—לְמ׳ Ez 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy al. reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל 3. pl. observance, services, of temple Ne 13:14.

מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת S TWOT GK₇₈ n.f. guard, watch, also charge, function;—מ׳ abs. 2 S 20:3 +, cstr. 2 K 11:5 +; abs. מִשְׁמָ֑רֶת Ex 16:34; sf. מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Gn 26:5 +, etc.; pl. מִשְׁמָרוֹת 1 Ch 9:23 +; cstr. מִשְׁמְרוֹת Ne 7:3; sf. -רוֹתָם 2 Ch 7:6 +, -תֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:17;—† 1. guard, watch: בֵּית מ׳ 2 S 20:3 = house of detention, confinement; מ׳ אַתָּה עִמָּדִי 1 S 22:23 i.e. protected, secure; c. שָׁמַר keep the watch 2 K 11:5, 6, 7 1 Ch 12:30 (van d. H. v 29); = post of watch (fig.) Is 21:8 (|| מִצְפֶּה), Hb 2:1 (|| מָצוֹר); pl. = guards Ne 7:3 1 Ch 9:23. † 2. keeping, preserving, וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמ׳ Ex 12:6 i.e. ye shall keep it; הַנִּיחוּ לָכֶם לְמ׳ 16:23, cf. v 32, 33, 34 Nu 17:25; 19:9 (all P). † 3. charge, injunction of י׳, c. שָׁמַר, in gen. Dt 11:1 (+ חֻקּוֹת, מִשְׁפָּטִים, מִצְוֹת), cf. Gn 26:3 1 K 2:3, and (מ׳ מִצְוַת י׳) Jos 22:3 (all R), Mal 3:14; of specif. injunctions Lv 18:30 Nu 9:19, 23. † 4. a. ceremoniral office or function (AV RV usually charge) of priest or Levite (P [especially Nu], Ez 40:, 44, 48, Chr Zc), mostly c. שָׁמַר: מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדוּת Nu 1:53, מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן י׳ 31:30, 47, מ׳ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ez 44:15 Nu 3:38, מ׳ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 18:4 cf. v 3, 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Nu 3:28, 32; 18:5 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ קָדָשַׁי (of Isr. in gen.) Ez 44:8, מ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Nu 18:5 Ez 40:46, תְּרוּמֹתָ֑י Nu 18:8, מ׳ הַבַּיִת Ez 40:45; 44:14, מ׳ הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45; c. genit. (sf.) שׁ׳ מ׳ = perform the service imposed by, due to, Lv 8:35; 22:9 Ez 44:8, 16; 48:11 Zc 3:7, מ׳ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ne 12:45 (of Judah in gen.); מ׳ הָעֵדָה Nu 3:7a, מ׳ בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ 3:8, 38, מָ׳ בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן 3:25, cf. v 7a, 31, 36; 4:27, 28, 31, 32; 18:3 1 Ch 23:32; also, in secular sense, מ׳ בֵּית שָׁאוּל 1 Ch 12:30; מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם Nu 4:31, כְּלֵי מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם v 32 (v 27 read c. G Di Gr Gray, etc. בְּשֵׁמוֹת for במ׳, and perhaps מִשְׁמֶרֶת after אֵת, cf. v 32); עֲלֵיהֶם מ׳ 1 Ch 9:27 i.e. the duty rested upon them;—25:8; 26:12 v. i. עֻמָּה c, d (p. 769 supr.); עַל־מ׳ עֹמְדִים 2 Ch 7:6 were standing according to (or in) their offices, הֱעֶמִיד עַל מ׳ appoint to their offices 8:14; 35:2. b. pl. of Levitical divisions for service Ne 12:9.

II. שׁמר TWOT^, (√ of foll.; cf. NH שְׁמָרִים = BH, also vb. denom.; T שִׁמְרָא; meaning of √ and relation (if any) to I. שׁ׳ obscure; cf. poss. Arabic سَمُرَ / سَمِرَ (samura / samira) be tawny, dark, in colour, Lane^{1425 a}).

†ii. [שֶׁ֫מֶר S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.m. Is 25, 6 only pl. lees, dregs (fig.);—abs. שְׁמָרִים Is 25:6⁽⁾ (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); sf. שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Je 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), cf. (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־שִׁרֵיהֶם Zp 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ ψ 75:9 (of י׳’s cup of judgment).

III. שׁמר TWOT^, (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; NH שָׁמִיר diamond, so Aramaic שָׁמִירָא (also flint), ܫܳܡܺܝܪܳܐ (šomiro); Arabic سَمُرٌ (samurun) = mimosa gummifera, Lane ^1425b).

שׁמור v. iii. שָׁמִיר.

†i. שָׁמִיר S^, TWOT GK^{, , ,} n.m. Ez 3, 9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—abs. שׁ׳ Is 5:6 +; sf. שְׁמִירוֹ 10:17;— 1. coll. 3, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Is 5:6; 7:23, 24, 25; 27:4; fig. 9:17; 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ 32:13. 2. adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Je 17:1 (|| בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, fig. of prophet’s firmness Ez 3:9; Zc 7:12 fig. of hard heart.

†ii. שָׁמִיר S^, TWOT GK^{, , ,} n.pr.loc. 1. in הַר אֶפְרַיִם Ju 10:1, 2, Σαμειρ; A GL Σαμαρεια. 2. in (יְהוּדָה) הַר Jos 15:48, Σαμειρ; A GL Σαφειρ.

†iii. שָׁמִיר S^, TWOT GK^{, , ,} n.pr.m. Levite, 1 Ch 24:24 Qr, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kt שמור).

שׁמשׁ TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning unknown; NH = BH; Ph. שמש; Assyrian šamšu; Aramaic שִׁמְשָׁא, ܫܶܡܫܳܐ (šemšo), Old Aramaic, Palm. שמש Lzb³⁷⁹; Arabic شَمْس (šams), Sab. שמסם goddess, SabDenkm ^{20. 56 ff.} DHM ^{. u. S. 1032} Wkl ^{liv (1900), 408 ff.} RS ²⁹⁹ Nö ^{xii (1887), 712}).

שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ S TWOT GK₁₃₃ n.f. Ju 19, 14 et m. Gn 19, 23 (Albr ^{xv (1895), 324}) sun;—abs. שׁ׳ Jos 10:12 +, שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Ju 20:43 +; sf. שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Is 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁהּ Je 15:9; pl. sf. שִׁמְשׁתַ֫יִךְ Is 54:12;— 1. sun, Gn 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (vb. זָרַח q.v.) Ex 22:2 (E) + 8 times + Mal 3:20 (fig. שׁ׳ צְדָקָה, of reward of the faithful, with wings, i.e. rays? Now GASm; or winged sun-disc [cf. We]?); vb. יָצָא Gn 19:23 (J), Is 13:10 Ju 5:31 (sim. of splendour; v יָצָא 1 f); setting (vb. בּוֹא) Gn 15:17 (J), Am 8:9 + 19 times, + וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לָבוֹא Gn 15:12 (JE), שׁ׳ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ ψ 104:19 (v. בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Is 60:9; hot 1 S 11:9 Ne 7:3 Ex 16:21 (P), cf. Is 49:10 Jon 4:8 ψ 121:6; as ripening crops Dt 33:14 (poem), cf. (fig.) Jb 8:16, tanning the face Ct 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Jos 10:12, 13a (poem in J; || יָרֵחַ), v 13b (J), cf. Hb 3:11 ( + יָרֵחַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַשּׁ׳ Is 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳ v 8; set in sky by י׳ Je 31:25 ψ 19:5; 74:16; 136:8, enduring 72:5, 17 (cf. עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] II. 4 a (e), p. 817), also 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳ 148:3 ( + יָרֵחַ); to be darkened by י׳’s judgment, Ez 32:7 Jo 2:10; 3:4; 4:15 (cf. Am 8:9 supr., Mi 3:6). 2. of direction: מִמִּזְרַח הַשּׁ׳ Nu 21:11 (E) 7, = East, cf. Dt 4:41, 47 + 16 times (v. מִזְרָח p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳ Dt 11:30 + 3 times (v. מָבוֹא 2, p. 99). 3. obj. of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) 2 K 23:5 Je 8:2 Ez 8:16 Dt 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳ 2 K 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת הַשּׁ׳ v 11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳ p. 112b. 4. other phr.: †a. נֶגֶד הַשּׁ׳, i.e. openly, publicly, 2 S 12:12 Nu 25:4 (P), so לְעֵינֵי הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 12:11. †b. fig. of living, חָזָה שׁ׳ ψ 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳ Ex 6:5; 7:11; 11:7, opp. תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשּׁ׳ 12:2. c. תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳, i.e. on the earth, Ec 1:3 + 28 times Ec (cf. Gk. ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ, Kue^{Ond. iii. 196; Einl. iii.192}). 5. pinnacle, as glittering, shining, pl. Is 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps sg. שׁ׳ וּמָגֵן י׳ אֱלֹהִים ψ 84:12 battlement and shield is י׳ א׳ (Gr Bae Du Buhl; most sun, and so Thes De Che SS; Hup-Now hesitates).

שִׁמְשַׁי S n.pr.m. Ezr 4:8, 9, 17, 23.

שִׁמְשׁוֹן S GK₃₈ n.pr.m. Samson (Assyrian n.pr. Šamšânu, Hilpr^{Murâshu 27, 70}; on שמש in Arabic n.pr. trib. cf. Nö ^{xi (1886), 166});—Σαμψων: Ju 13:24; 14:1, 3 + 35 times Ju 14, 15, 16.

†שַׁמְשְׁרַי S GK n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:26, Ισμασαρια, A Σαμσαρια, GL Σαμψαια.

שֻׁמָתִי S GK v. [שֻׁמָה].

שָׁן, שַׁן S GK v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

שֵׁן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, v. שׁנן.

שָׁנָא S TWOT GK v. I. [שָׁנָה].

שֵׁנָא S TWOT GK v. שֵׁנָה √ יָשֵׁן.

†שִׁנְאָב S GK n.pr.m. king of Admah Gn 14:2, Σεννααρ (v. שִׁנְעָר v 1, G id.).

שִׁנְאָן S TWOT GK v. sub III. שׁנה.

†שֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר S GK n.pr.m. uncle of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:18, Σανεσαρ, GL Σανασαρ (Emey ⁷⁷ cp. שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר, but v. Now^{Hg 1, 1}).

שׁנב TWOT (√ of following; meaning dub.).

†אֶשְׁנָב S TWOT GK n.[m.] window-latticce (אשנב Ecclus 42:11); abs. א׳ Ju 5:28; sf. אֶשְׁנַבִּי Pr 7:6 (both || חַלּוֹן).

†I. [שָׁנָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. change (NH Pi., etc.; Ecclus 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb ³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ (šno), especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-Arnolt ^{xi (1892), 73} ); Arabic سَنَةٌ (sanatun); Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ (šno, šato); Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb ^{379 f.}; on year from changing seasons, v. Philippi ^{xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Ba ^{xli (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against DHM ^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by Jen ^{vii (1892), 177});—Qal Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges ^{77 rr}) La 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; Löhr יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן ψ 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (S B T Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Est 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Pr 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy). Pi. transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Je 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Ges) 2 K 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Pr 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ 1 S 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges ^75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Est 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. ψ 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (|| לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Je 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ ψ 34:1 (title; cf. 1 S 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Jb 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God). Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges ^75rr) Ec 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז). Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1 K 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

שָׁנָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ₈₇₇ n.f. (on appar. except v. Albr ^{xvi (1896), 46}), year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Am 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Gn 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Ez 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Lv 14:10 + 2 times; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם 1 K 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Ex 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Gn 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Dt 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); sf. שָׁנָיו Lv 25:52 + 4 times sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Is 38:15 ψ 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם 78:33 + 8 times sf.;—year, as division of time, Ex 23:14, 17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Dt 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v 12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Ex 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ 34:22 2 Ch 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה 2 K 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ G Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kit, cf. שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year 1 S 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Ne 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Dt 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ 2 S 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Est 9:21, 27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Gn 23:1; 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Jb 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי ψ 31:11 (|| חַיַּי), etc.; of God Jb 10:5 ψ 102:25, 28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ez 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Dn 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 S 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Is 6:1; 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Dt 15:9; 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Lv 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Is 16:14; 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Is 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Dt 32:7, cf. Jo 2:2; most often c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Ex 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 S 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Am 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gn 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים 1 S 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Lv 25:21; 8 + שָׁנָה †2 K 22:1; before unit (rare, late) 2 Ch 11:17⁽⁾ Dn 1:5; sg. after 11–19, tens, and hundreds Gn 5:3, 9; 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years 1 K 2:11, etc.; but שֶׁלֶף שָׁנִים ψ 90:4 1000 years, so ( + פַּעֲמַיִם) Ec 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Gn 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ 1 K 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ 2 K 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ 2 K 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה 1 K 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Lv 19:24 +, etc., + לְ 2 K 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges ^{134 p}) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ 2 K 25:1, cf. Ezr 7:8 Je 46:2; 51:59 + (Kt) 28:1; 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).

II. שׁנה TWOT (√ of foll., meaning dub.; Thes cp. Arabic سَنَا (sanā) shine, Ethiopic ሰነየ (sanaya) = ሠነየ (šannaya) be beautiful, Di²⁵¹, cf. Philippi ^{xxxii (1878), 79}; but Assyrian šinîtu is dyed cloth).

שָׁנִי S TWOT GK^, ₄₂ n.[m.] scarlet (proposes coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields coloring matter; cf. Tristr ³¹⁹ Post ^scarlet M’Lean ^id.);—usually שׁ׳: תִּקְוַת חוּט הַשּׁ׳ הַזֶּה Jos 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ת׳ הַשּׁ׳ v 21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳ Ct 4:3 (sim. of lips); so (הַ)שּׁ׳ alone Gn 38:28, 30 (J), and as material of clothing 2 S 1:24 Je 4:30 Pr 31:21 (pl. שָׁנִים; on order of ll. v. Toy); pl. also in sim. Is 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere (P) תּוֹלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ׳ (v. ת׳) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Ex 25:4; 26:1 + 24 times Ex; בֶּגֶד ת׳ שׁ׳ Nu 4:8 (v. ii. ב׳ 2); cstr. שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ used in purif., †Lv 14:4, 6, 49, 51, 52 Nu 19:6.

†III. שָׁנָה S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} vb. repeat, do again (NH id.; Ecclus 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى (ṯanā) bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ (tno); Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, cf. Scheil ^{(1890), 409} (Dl thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, v. Philippi ^{xxxii (1878), 77} Ba^{ib. xii (1887), 603});—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 2 S 20:10; Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁנֶה 1 S 26:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שְׁנוּ 1 K 18:34; Pt. שֹׁנֶה Pr 17:9; 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ 2 S 20:10, cf. 1 S 26:8; abs. 1 K 18:34⁽⁾ Ne 13:21; = speak again Jb 29:22 + 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for MT אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Pr 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus 42:1); 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience). Niph. Inf. cstr. וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Gn 41:32 (E) concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc.

שְׁנַ֫יִם S TWOT GK, שְׁתַּיִם (Philipi ^{xlix (1895), 202} Ges ^{97b note})₇₆₈ n.m. et f.du. two (NH id.; Ph. אשנם (and שני second), Pun. שנם Lzb³⁸⁰; Arabic اِثنَانِ (˒iṯnāni); Sab. תֿני Hom ⁴⁷, Aramaic תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (treyn) (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ (tenyono) second); Nab. תרין, Palm. f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb³⁸⁸; Assyrian šinâ; on etym v. √, and especially Philippi ^{xxxii (1878), 21–98});—m. (c. n.m.) שְׁנַיִם Am 3:3 +; cstr. שְׁנֵי Is 7:16 +, sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם Gn 2:25 +, etc.; f. (c. n.f.) שְׁתַּיִם Am 4:8 +; cstr. שְׁתֵּי Gn 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Is 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Ju 16:28 (v. GFM); sfs. v. infr. (2 + 10 = 12, v infr.); Hex chiefly P:—two: 1. no other num.: a. usually cstr. before n.pl. (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Gn 24:22 + 194 times + 2 S 23:20 || 1 Ch 11:22 (ins. בְּנֵי G Th mod., otherwise RS ^{i. 469, 2nd ed., 488}); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Gn 4:19 + 132 times, 1 S 10:4 ins. כִּכְּרוֹת Klo HPS Bu Now; Lv 16:21 read du. יָדָיו Qr, + Ju 16:28 (v. supr.) + שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה Is 47:9 both these thing; before n.sg., שְׁנֵי Ex 16:22 (Ges ^134e); sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Gn 2:25 + 62 times, + Pr 24:22 (> their years S T De al.; prob. crpt., v. Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Gn 31:37 + 2 times, שְׁנֵיכֶם †Gn 27:45; שְׁתֵּיהֶם (msf.! Ges ^{135 o}) †Ru 1:19; 4:11, יהֶן—ֵ †1 S 25:43 Ez 23:13. b. abs. (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before n.pl. Ju 11:37 + 26 times; after n.pl. 2 S 1:1 Ex 29:1 + 21 times (usually P Chr), n.sg. (coll.) Gn 46:27 Nu 7:17 + 11 times Nu 17; n. om. Gn 7:2; 44:27 + 26 times; שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. Gn 7:9 +; לִשׁ׳ cut in two †2 K 3:25 Je 34:18; = double amount †Ex 22:3, 6, 8 (E); פִּי שׁ׳ †Dt 21:17 two-thirds, + בְּרוּחֲךָ †2 K 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ †Zc 13:8; (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times), bef. n.pl.; 1 K 3:16 + 16 times; after n.pl. (usually P and late) 2 Ch 24:3 + 9 times; n. om., = two things †Is 51:19 Jb 13:20 Pr 30:7; שְׁתַּיִם = twice †2 K 6:10 Jb 40:5 ψ 62:12 (or as Pr 30:7), בִּשׁ׳ Jb 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (v. De); as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 K 15:25 + 9 times, etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 K 17:12 a few sticks (Germ. ‘ein paar’), cf. 2 K 9:32 Is 17:6; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Am 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Ne 13:20, cf. Je 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָחָה = a small no.; Ezr 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), 2 K 6:10. 2. twelve: c. n.m. שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Gn 42:13 + 87 times, לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Ex 28:21 + 4 times; c. n.f. שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Ex 24:4 + 34 times, שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה †Ez 32:1, 17; 33:21; before n.pl. Gn 17:20 Ex 15:27 +; after n.pl. Nu 7:84⁽⁾ +; before n.sg. Ex 28:21 +, Gn 14:4 (12 year) +, etc.; as ord., בְּיוֹם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם Nu 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ez 32:1 +, etc. 3. with large num.: 10 (etc.) + 2, 2 S 8:5 Ju 10:3 + 56 times; 2 + 10 (etc.) Nu 1:35 (P), 2 Ch 22:2 + 18 times (Kö^{. 1, 215 ff.} Ges ^{97 f.}); 200 + 2 + 30, 1 K 20:15; 50 + 2 as ord. 2 K 15:27 + 2 times; cf. 2 + 20, 1 Ch 24:17.

שֵׁנִי S TWOT GK m. שֵׁנִית f.₁₅₇ adj.num.ord. second;—בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי Ex 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 times + Ne 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also 1 Ch 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Gn 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 times + Ne 3:30 v. supr.), שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ׳ Lv 13:5, 33, 54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Gn 22:15 + 16 times + ( = again, of similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series) Ez 4:6 Mal 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית 2 S 16:19; †mpl. שְׁנִיִּם Nu 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Gn 6:16 second stories (in ark).

†מִשְׁנֶה S TWOT GK n.[m.] double, copy, second;—abs. מ׳ Gn 41:43 +; cstr. מִשְׁנֵה Je 16:18 + 3 times, so read also Dt 15:18 (van d. H., > -נֶה Gi), Je 17:18 (Gie Buhl al.); sf. מִשְׁנֵהוּ 1 S 8:2 +; pl. מִשְׁנִים 1 Ch 15:18 (1 S 15:9 Ezr 1:10. v infr.);— 1. (the) double: כֶּסֶף מ׳ Gn 43:12 (J) money of double amount, cf. מ׳ כֶּסֶף v 15 (J), a double amount (in) money (Ges ^131q); לֶחֶם מ׳ Ex 16:22 (P); מ׳ עַל אֲשֶׁר וגו׳ v 5 (P) the double above what they gathered daily; מִשְׁנֵה שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר Dt 15:18 (v. Dr); מ׳ עֲוֹנָם Je 16:18 the double of their guilt, 17:18 (v. supr.); a double portion Is 61:7⁽⁾ Zc 9:12, Jb 42:10. 2. written copy of law Dt 17:18 Jos 8:32 (D). 3. second in order: a. second rank, מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמּ׳ Gn 41:43 (J), רֶכֶב הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 35:24; of pers. one second in rank, priest next to high-priest, (הַ)מ׳ 2 K 23:4; 25:18 = Je 52:24; אֶהְיֶה־לְּךָ לְמ׳ 1 S 23:17, מִשְׁנֵה הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Ch 28:7, מ׳ לַמֶּלֶךְ Est 10:3; 1 Ch 15:18; 16:5 2 Ch 31:12; מ׳ מֵאֶחָיו Ne 11:17.—1 S 15:9 read (cf. S T) הַמַּשְׁמַנִּים (Ne 8:10) Th, הַשְּׁמַנִּים or הַשְּׁמֵנִים We Dr Bu, etc. (Ez 34:16); מִשׁ׳ Ezr 1:10 is appar. corruption of a numeral. b. second in age, 1 S 8:2; 17:13 2 S 3:3 1 Ch 5:12. 3. second quarter, district, of city, הַמִּשְׁנֶה 2 K 22:14 = 2 Ch 34:22, Zp 1:10, cf. הָעִיר מִשְׁנֶה Ne 11:9 over the city, viz. the second quarter.

†שִׁנְאָן S TWOT GK n.[m.] repetition (?);—אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָ֑ן ψ 68:18 thousands of repetition, i.e. 2, Che; redoubled, Dr, i.e. thousands on thousands (Du, reading אֶלֶף as שִׁנָּא c. sf. removed them, treating שׁנאן אדני מסיני בק׳ as gloss).

שֵׁנָה S^, TWOT GK^, v. √ יָשֵׁן.

שֶׁנְהַבִּים S TWOT GK^, v. √ שׁנן.

†[שָׁנַן S TWOT GK^, ] vb. whet, sharpen (cf. Arabic سَنَّ (sanna) id.; Aramaic שְׁנִינָא, ܫܢܺܝܢܳܐ (šnino) sharp, etc.; Ethiopic [ሰነነ (sanana)] iii, 2, ተሰነነ (tasannana) contend, litigate; hence שֵׁן tooth, NH id., Assyrian šinnu, Arabic سِنٌّ (sinnun), Ethiopic ስን (sənn) Aramaic שִׁנָּא, ܫܶܢܳܐ (šeno));—Qal whet, sharpen: Pf. 1 s. אִם שַׁנּוֹתִ֫י בְּרַק חַרְבִּי (Ges ^{67 ee}) Dt 32:41, of י׳’s preparation for judgment; 3 pl. (כַחֶרֶב) שָֽׁנְנוּ לְשׁוֹנָם ψ 64:4; 140:4 of uttering sharp words; Pt. pass. שְׁנוּנִים sharpened, of arrows, Is 5:28 ψ 45:6, fig. of tongue 120:4, of false witness Pr 25:13. Pi. Pf. consec. וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָגֶיךָ Dt 6:7 i.e. teach the words incisively, Germ. ‘einschärfen.’ Hithpō˓. Impf. 1 s. ψ 73:21 in my kidneys אֶשְׁתּוֹנָ֑ן I was pierced (of poignant envy).

†i. שֵׁן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, n.f. 1 S 2:13 (yet m. 1 S 14:5 cf. Dr) tooth, ivory;—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 21:24 +, cstr. v 27 +, שֶׁן־ Dt 32:24; sf. שִׁנּוֹ Ex 21:27; du. שִׁנַּיִם Pr 10:26, cstr. שִׁנֵּי Je 31:29 +; sf. שִׁנֵּיהֶם ψ 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֹ 58:7, etc.;— 1. tooth: a. of man, Ex 21:27⁽⁾ (E), Nu 11:33 (J), Gn 49:12 (poem in J), Am 4:6 Ct 4:2; 6:6, שׁ׳ רֹעָה Pr 25:19, v. II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, שׁ׳ תַּחַת שׁ׳ Ex 21:24 (E), Lv 24:20 (H), שֵׁן בְּשׁ׳ Dt 19:21; irritated by acid Pr 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Je 31:29, 30 Ez 18:2; חָרַק שׁ׳ La 2:16 Jb 16:9 ψ 35:16; 112:10, v. חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Jb 13:14 = risk my life (del. עַל־מָה, dittogr.; || נַפְשִׁי אָשִׂים בְּכַפִּי); בְּעוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י 19:20, v. מָלַט Hithp. (other conj. v. Di Bi Bu Du). b. of beasts: Dt 32:24, crocodile Jb 41:6, locusts Jo 1:6 (teeth of lions); especially fig. of false prophets Mi 3:5, of foes Zc 9:7, oppressors Jb 29:17, wicked 4:10 ψ 3:8; 58:7; 124:6; of their weapons Pr 30:14 ψ 57:5; of Isr. shattered by י׳ c. tooth of a fork, tine, 1 S 2:13 (cf. Dr^{. 291}); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע 14:4⁽⁾, cf. Jb 39:28, הַשֵּׁן 1 S 14:5. 2. ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Ez 27:15 (i.e. tusks?); as material, מִטּוֹת שׁ׳ Am 6:4, כִּסֵּא־שׁ׳ 1 K 10:18 = 2 Ch 9:17, בֵּית הָשּׁ׳ 1 K 22:39, cf. Am 3:15, הֵיכְלֵי שׁ׳ ψ 45:9, also Ez 27:6 Ct 5:14; 7:5.

ii. שֵׁן S^{, ,} TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.loc. הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 7:12, v. יְשָׁנָה p. 446a

†שְׁנִינָה S TWOT GK n.f. sharp (cutting) word, taunt;—Dt 28:37 1 K 9:7 = 2 Ch 7:20, Je 24:9 (cf. ψ 64:4; 140:4).

†שֶׁנְהַבִּים S TWOT GK^, appar. n.m.[pl.], in list of Solomon’s imports, 1 K 10:22 = 2 Ch 9:21, AV RV ivory (elsewhere שֵׁן alone); hence הַבִּים = elephants according to Ges (in Thes) Ew Hi Schr ^{xxvii (1873), 709} COT 1 K, cf. G (2 Ch, and A in 1 K) ὀδόντων ἐλεφαντίνων, B (in 1 K) dentes elephantorum, T; but this very dub.; < read RödThes Th Be Che ¹¹⁵⁴ שֵׁן (וְ)הָבְנִים ivory (and) ebony (Ez 27:15).

†[שָׁנַס S TWOT GK] vb.Pi. gird up (si vera l.; in Talm. (Aramaic) שְׁנַץ = bind sandals; NH שֶׁנֶץ thong);—Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁנֵּם מָתְנָיו וַיָּ֫רָץ 1 K 18:46.

שֵׁנָה S^, TWOT GK^, v. יָשֵׁן.

†שִׁנְעָר S TWOT GK n.pr.loc. Shinar = Babylonia (= Bab. Šumêr according to COT Gn 11:1 al., > denied by Hal ^{Rev. Crit. 1883, 44} Jen ^{ii (1885), 419}; Egypt; Sangar (WMM ²⁷⁹), TelAm. Šanḫar (Wkl ²⁵) identif. with שׁ׳ by Mey ^{Egyptiaca 63}; cf., further, Prinches ^shinar);—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Gn 10:10; 11:2 Zc 5:11 Dn 1:2; מֶלֶךְ־שׁ׳ (Amraphel) Gn 14:1, 9; שׁ׳ alone Is 11:11 (as place of diaspora); אַדֶּרֶת שׁ׳ Jos 7:21; G usually Σεν(ν)ααρ; Zc 5:11 (ἐν γῇ) Βαβυλῶνος.

שְׁנָת sleep, v שֵׁנָה sub יָשֵׁן.

†[שָׁסָה S TWOT GK] vb. spoil, plunder (rarer syn. of שׁלל, בזז; with this √ WMM ¹³¹ connects Egypt. name of Beduin plunderers Šôs [5]; connex. doubted by Jen ^{x (1895), 331});—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שָׁ֫סוּ לָ֫מוֹ ψ 44:11 they plunder for themselves; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁסֶה אוֹצַר וגו׳ Ho 13:15; elsewhere Pt. שֹׁסִים plunderers Ju 2:14 2 K 17:20; c. acc. loc. 1 S 23:1; c. sf. (as obj.) שֹׁסֵ֫הוּ 1 S 14:48 (prob. pl. = שֹׁסֵ֫יהוּ, so Sta ^{p. 355} Dr Bu, cf. Ges ^{91 k}), שׁוֹסֵ֫ינוּ Is 17:14 (|| בֹּזְזֵינוּ), שֹׁסֵיהֶם Ju 2:16; שֹׁסַ֫יִךְ Je 30:16 Qr (Kt v. שסס; || בֹּזְזַיִךְ); cstr. שֹׁסֵי נַחֲלָתִי 50:11; pass. עַם־בָּזוּז זְשָׁסוּי Is 42:22. Pō˓ = Qal Pf. 1 s. שׁוֹשֵׂתִי (Ges ^{6 k}) Is 10:13, c. acc. rei; read also prob. Pt. מְשׁוֹסֶה Is 42:24 (|| בֹּזְזִים), for משוסה Kt, מְשִׁסָּה Qr; so Du Klo Che Marti.

†[שָׁסַס S TWOT GK] vb. id. (|| form of שׁסה);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. שַׁסֻּ֫הוּ ψ 89:42 they have plundered him; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֹׁ֫סּוּ Ju 2:14 (acc. pers.); 1 S 17:53 (acc. loc.); Pt. sf. שֹׁאֲסַיִךְ Je 30:16 Kt (Qr v. שׁסה), Aramaic form, Ges ^{67 s}. Niph. be plundered, rifled, of houses: Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְנָשַׁ֫סּוּ Zc 14:2; Impf. 3 mpl. יִשַּׁ֫סּוּ Is 13:16.

†מְשִׁסָּה S TWOT GK n.f. booty, plunder;—abs. מ׳ 2 K 21:14 +, so Is 42:24 Qr (מְשִׁסָּה Gi, מְשִׁיסָּה Baer; Kt משוסה, usually read מְשׁוּסָּה, < read מְשׁוֹסֶה, v. שׁסה Pō˓); pl. abs. מְשִׁסּוֹת Hb 2:7;—plunder, spoil, prey, usually הָיָה לִמ׳ (and || בַּז) 2 K 21:14 Je 30:16 Jb 2:7 Zp 1:13 (|| שְׁמָמָה), cf. Is 42:22 (v 24 see above).

†[שָׁסַע S TWOT GK] vb. divide, cleave (NH Pi. tear apart; T Jer Pa. La 3:11 tear in pieces (for ℌ פִּשֵּׁחַ));—Qal Pt. (c. acc. cogn. שֶׁ֫סַע): ms. וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה Lv 11:7 (P; on שֹׁ׳ cf. Lag ⁸⁴) cleaving the cleft of the hoof, i.e. having cloven hoof, so fs. שֹׁסַ֫עַת v 3, cf. Dt 14:6; שֶׁסַע אֵינֶנָּה שֹׁסַ֫עַת Lv 11:26 (P); pass. הַפַּרְסָה הַשְּׁסוּעָה Dt 14:7. Pi. tear in two, a lion, kid, Impf., Inf. cstr. וַיְשַׁסְּעֵהוּ כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי Ju 14:6; a bird (by, or at, its wings), Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשִׁסַּע אֹתוֹ Lv 1:17 (P); Impf. 3 ms. (אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו בַּדְּבָרִים) וַיְשַׁסַּע 1 S 24:8 gives too violent a meaning; prob. crpt. for word = restrain, or the like Dr HPS, cf. Bu Now (hesitantly).

†שֶׁ֫סַע S TWOT GK n.[m.] cleft;—as acc. cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.v.; abs. Lv 11:26, cstr. v 3, 7 Dt 14:6.

†[שָׁסַף S TWOT GK] vb. dub.: Pi. hew in pieces (Vrss and context);—Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁסֵּף 1 S 15:33, acc. pers.;—Gr Dr HPS qy. וַיְשַׁסַּע, but improb.

†שָׁעָה S^, TWOT^, GK vb. gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (Assyrian še˒û, behold, look for, aim at);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 4:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁעֶה Is 17:7, 8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Gn 4:4, 1 s. אֶשְׁעָה (Ges ⁷⁵¹) ψ 119:117, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁעֵה Jb 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Is 22:4;—gaze at, regard (with favour), י׳ subj., c. אֶל Gn 4:4, 5 (J); c. מִן pers. = turn gaze away Is 22:4 Jb 7:19 Thes Ew Che, + prob. 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל pers. 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Is 17:7; 31:1; c. אֶל rei 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Ex 5:9 (J) ψ 119:117; abs. 3 fpl. תִּשְׁעֶינָה Is 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read prob. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ew and most); 3 mpl. יִשְׁעוּ 2 S 22:42 they look (about) for help, < as || ψ 18:42 יְשַׁזְּעוּ. Hiph. Imv. ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי ψ 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √ I. שׁעע), < Qal שְׁעֵה as Jb 14:6 (cf. 7:19 Is 22:4) Hup Bae Du Ges ^{75 gg}. Hithp. Impf. 2 ms. apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Is 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, || אַל־תִּירָא); 1 pl. וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Ges ^{75 l}) v 23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, v. ראה Hithp.).

שׁעט TWOT (√ of following; Arabic ثَعِطَ (ṯa˓iṭa) ii. pound to pieces).

†[שַׁעֲטָה S TWOT GK] n.f. stamping (of hoofs);—cstr. שַׁעֲטַת פַּרְסוֹת אַבִּירָיו Je 47:3.

†שַׁעַטְנֵז S TWOT GK n.m. mixed stuff (perhaps of Egyptian origin; Kn der. from Copt., saht, woven, + nudj, false (Peyron^{Lex 224. 133}), and thinks orig. שַׁעַטְנֹז; G has κίβδηλος, spurious);—a kind of cloth forbidden for garments; defined Dt 22:11 by צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו, and Lv 19:19 (H) by כִּלְאַיִם.

שֵׁעִיר v. שֵׂעִיר.

I. שׁעל TWOT^, (√ of following; NH שַׁעַל deep, depth, of sea; Aramaic שְׁעוֹלָא, שָׁעֳלָא, ܫܽܘܥܠܴܐ (šu˓lo) = BH [שֹׁעַל]).

†[שֹׁ֫עַל S TWOT GK] n.[m.] hollow hand, handful;— 1. hollow hand: sf. בְּשָׁעֳלוֹ Is 40:12 (fig. of י׳ holding waters). 2. handful: pl. שְׁעָלִים 1 K 20:10 (dust, in hyperb.); cstr. שַׁעֲלֵי שְׂעֹרִים (as if from [שַׁ֫עַל] Kö ^{ii. 1. 35}) Ez 13:19 handfuls of barley.

†מִשְׁעוֹל S TWOT GK n.m. hollow way, road shut in;—cstr. מ׳ הַכְּרָמִים Nu 22:24 (JE) i.e. road shut in between vineyards.

II. שׁעל TWOT^, (√ of foll.; NH שׁוּעָל, שׁעל; Arabic ثُعَالٌ, ثُعَالَةُ (ṯu˓ālun, ṯu˓ālatu); Aramaic תַּעֲלָא, ܬܰܥܠܴܐ (ta˓lo), all = BH שׁוּעָל).

†i. שׁוּעָל S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.m. Ct 2:15 fox, perhaps also jackal;—abs. שׁ׳ Ne 3:25; pl. שׁוּעָלִים Ju 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳ Ez 13:4 Ct 2:15 b;—fox (prob.) Ne 3:25 Ct 2:15⁽⁾; perhaps (from large no.) jackal Ju 15:4; as haunting ruins Ez 13:4 La 5:18; eating offal ψ 63:11.

†ii. שׁוּעָל S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ 1 S 13:17 (דֶּרֶךְ עָפְרָה); not identified.—Vid. also חֲצַר שׁ׳ p. 347 b supr.

†iii. שׁוּעָל S^, TWOT GK^{, ,} n.pr.m. in Asher;—1 Ch 7:36, Σουλα, A Σουαλ, GL Σουαν.

†שַׁעַלְבִים S GK n.pr.loc. (perhaps haunt of foxes; Arabic ثَعْلَبٌ (ṯa˓labun), Assyrian šêlibu, fox);—in (orig.) territory of Dan, Ju 1:35 (cf. GFM, on etym. and site), 1 K 4:9, Θαλαβειν, Σαλαβειμ, Ju also αἱ ἀλώπεκες, as doublet, or (A GL) alone; = שַׁעֲלַבִּין Jos 19:42, Σα(α)λαβειν.

שַׁעֲלַבִּין S GK v. foregoing.

†שַׁעַלְבֹנִי S GK adj.gent. (of foregoing?);—2 S 23:32 = 1 Ch 11:33; ὁ Σαλβωνείτης, Σαλαβωνι, etc.

†שְׁעָלִים n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ 1 S 9:4, Εασακεμ, A Σααλειμ, GL Σεγαλειμ; near Michmash Schick ^{iv. 248}; not identified; = שַׁעַלְבִים We Dr Now; cf. ii. שׁוּעָל Th HPS Bu.

שׁעם √ assumed by Thes for מִשְׁעָם n.pr. q.v.

†[שָׁעַן S TWOT GK] vb. Niph. lean, support oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִשְׁעַן Nu 21:15 Is 10:20; 1 pl. נִשְׁעַנּוּ 2 Ch 14:10, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁעֵן Jb 8:15 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. הִשָּׁעֲנוּ Gn 18:4; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁעֵן Is 10:20, sf. הִשָּׁעֶנְךָ 2 Ch 16:7, 8, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁעָן 2 S 1:6 +;—lean, c. עַל upon, 2 S 1:6 2 K 5:18; 7:2, 17, against pillars Ju 16:26, house Jb 8:15 (fig.); תַּחַת הָעֵץ Gn 18:4 (J); poet. of cliff, וְנִשׁ׳ לִגְּבוּל Nu 21:15 leans to (upon) the border of Moab; lean (fig. = trust) upon, עַל pers. king Is 10:20 Ez 29:7 2 Ch 16:7; עַל־י׳ Mi 3:11 Is 10:20 2 Ch 13:18; 14:10; 16:7, 8; בֵּאלֹהָיו Is 50:10; abs. Jb 24:23; עַל־סוּסִים Is 31:1; על c. n. abstr. 30:12 c. אֶל Pr 3:5.

†אֶשְׁעָ֑ן S GK n.pr.loc. in hills of Judah Jos 15:52, Σομα, GL Εσαν.

†מִשְׁעָן S TWOT GK n.[m.] support, staff;—abs. מ׳, fig. of י׳, 2 S 22:19 = ψ 18:19; cstr. כֹּל מִשְׁעַן־לֶחֶם וְכֹל מִשְׁעַן־מָ֑יִם Is 3:1 (gloss, v. Comm.).

†מַשְׁעֵן S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. id.;—abs. מ׳ וּמַשְׁעֵנָה Is 3:1 fig. support and staff.

†מַשְׁעֵנָה S TWOT GK n.f. id., v. foregoing (m. et f. to exhaust the category = support of every kind).

†מִשְׁעֶ֫נֶת S TWOT^, GK^, n.f. staff;—abs. Ju 6:21 2 K 4:31; cstr. 2 K 18:21 +; sf. מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ Ex 21:19 Zc 8:4, etc.; pl. sf. מִשְׁעֲנֹתָם Nu 21:18;—staff, Ex 21:19 (E) Nu 21:18 (J) Ju 6:21 2 K 4:29⁽⁾ 31 Zc 8:4; fig. of political support, מִשְׁעֶנֶת הַקָּנֶה הָרָצוּץ 2 K 18:21 = Is 36:6, cf. Ez 29:6; of י׳ as shepherd ψ 23:4 ( + שֵׁבֶט).

†I. [שָׁעַע S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. be smeared over, blinded (Aramaic שְׁעַע smear (akin to שׁוּעַ id.), ܐܰܫܰܥ (˒aša˓) to smooth, שָׁעִיעַ smooth (of words), flattering, ܫܰܥܺܝܥ (ša˓i˓) smooth (cf. also ܫܘܥ, ܫܳܥ (šw˓, šo˓) smear over, close up));—Qal Imv. + Hithpalp. Imv. mpl. הִשְׁתַּעַשְׁעוּ וָשֹׁ֑עוּ Is 29:9 blind yourselves and be blind! (|| הִתְמַהְמְהוּ וּתִמָ֔הוּ); > Buhl הִשְׁתָּעוּ וּשְׁעוּ, √ שׁעה look about (2 S 22:42); Is 32:3 read prob. 3 fpl. תִּשֹׁעֶינָה, of eyes, be blinded (v. שׁעה). Hiph. Imv. ms. וְעֵינָיו הָשַׁ֑ע Is 6:10 and its eyes besmear!—So perhaps הָשַׁע ψ 39:14 (עֵינֶיךָ om.) was intended by Mas. (but wrongly, v. Ol al.); see שָׁעָה.

†II. [שָׁעַע S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. Pilp., etc., sport, take delight in, delight (usually made = I. שׁ׳ smooth over, please; Buhl cp. Aramaic ܫܥܳܐ (š˓o), Ithpe. sport, trifle, Vulg.Ar. مشعشع (mš˓š˓) (loan-word?) Vollers ^{xiv (1891), 86, 1. 3});—Pilp. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשִׁעֲשַׁע Is 11:8 the suckling shall sport on (עַל) the cobra’s hole; 1 s. שִׁעֲשָׁ֑עְתִּי ψ 119:70 I take delight in thy law (acc.; but? read שַׁעֲשֻׁעָ֑י, v 77); Impf. transit. 3 mpl. יְשַׁעַשְׁעוּ ψ 94:19 thy consolations delight my soul (acc.). Polp. Impf. 2 mpl. תְּשָֽׁעֳשָׁ֑עוּ Is 66:12 upon (עַל) the knees shall ye be fondled. Hithpalp. Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע ψ 119:16 in (ב) thy statutes will I delight myself, cf. v 47.

†[שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים S TWOT GK], -שׁוּעִים n.[m.]pl. intens. delight (Ba ²⁰⁶);—abs. -שׁוּעִים Je 31:20 Pr 8:30; sf. -שׁוּעָיו Is 5:7, usually -שֻׁעַי Pr 8:31 ψ 119:24, -שֻׁעָ֑י v 77 + 3 times;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳ Is 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳ Je 31:20 (|| בֵּן יַקִּיר); שׁ׳ אֶת־ Pr 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v 30; God’s law, etc., ψ 119:24, 77, 92, 143, 174.

†שַׁ֫עַף S GK n.pr.m. in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, GL Σααφ;— 1. שׁ׳ 1 Ch 2:49. 2. שָׁ֑עַף v 47.

I. שׁער TWOT^, (√ of foll.; Arabic ثَغَرَ (ṯağara) break, break off, through, ثَعْرٌ (ṯa˓run) gap, opening; Ethiopic ሰዐረ (sa˓ara) tear in two, dissolve; Aramaic ܬܪܰܥ (tra˓) (transp.) split, divide, תְּרַע tear down; NH שַׁעַר gate, so MI ²² שעריה (pl. sf.), Ph. שער Lzb³⁸¹; TelAm. šaḫri, as Canaanism, Wkl^{195, 1. 16}; Aramaic תַּרְעָא, ܬܰܪܥܳܐ (tar˓o) Nab. תרעא Lzb³⁸⁸;—Egyptian šạār is loan-word Bondi⁷⁰).

I. שַׁ֫עַר S^, TWOT^, GK^, ₃₇₃ n.m. 2 S 18:24 (f. Is 14:31 in personif., Albr ^{xvi (1896), 86}) gate;—שׁ׳ abs. Ju 9:40 +, cstr. Gn 22:17 +; c. ה loc., שָׁ֑עְרָה Is 28:6 +; pl. שְׁעָרִים 2 S 18:24 +, cstr. שַׁעֲרֵי 1 S 17:52 +; sf. שְׁעָרֶיךָ Dt 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ez 21:20; 48:34, etc.;— 1. a. gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Jos 2:5, 7 (JE), cf. Is 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Ne 7:3, cf. Is 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Je 17:19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27 La 4:12 Ez 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Mi 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Is 62:10; with bars ψ 147:13; attacked Ez 21:20, 27, cf. Is 28:6 Mi 1:9, 12 1 S 17:52; on Ju 5:8, 11 v. Comm.; burned (by foe) Je 17:27; 51:58 Ne 1:3; 2:3, 13, 17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Gn 22:17; 24:60 (J); פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Ju 9:40 + (v. פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 21:14 + (v. ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Ju 18:16, 17 of farm or village; so of camp Ex 32:26, 27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof 2 S 18:24, upper chamber 19:1; cf. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם ψ 24:7, 9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Dt 6:9 ( + עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), 11:20 ( + id.); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ 2 S 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, 1 S 4:18, + v 13 G Th We Dr al., cf. 2 S 15:2; 18:4 Pr 8:3 (|| מְבוֹא פְתָחִים). b. particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם 2 K 14:13 || 2 Ch 25:23, Ne 8:16; 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Ne 2:13; 3:14; 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Je 37:13; 38:7 Zc 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הַגַּיִא Ne 2:13, 15; 3:13 2 Ch 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Zp 1:10 Ne 3:3; 12:39 2 Ch 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7, cf. Je 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Je 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָה Ne 3:6; 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַֽמּ֑יִם 8:1, 3, 16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח 3:26, cf. 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן 2:14; 3:15; 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Je 31:40 Ne 3:28 (cf. 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה 2 K 14:13 || 2 Ch 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Je 31:38 2 Ch 26:9; prob. = שׁ׳ הַפִּנִּים Zc 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Ne 3:1, 32; 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zc 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other v. RS-GASm ^jerusalem Conder ^id. Buhl ^{133 ff.} Bd.^{Pai. s. v.} Murray^{Hd. Bk. s.v.} BeRy^{Ne p. 182 ff.} Gu^{, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff.} Comm.^{ad loc} c. of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Ez 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v 31⁽⁾ + 12 times Ez 48. 2. a. gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market 2 K 7:1, 18, place of public well 2 S 23:15, 16 = 1 Ch 11:17, 18 where elders, judges, king, sat officially Dt 21:19; 22:15 Am 5:12, 15 Is 29:21 2 S 18:24; 19:9 1 K 22:10 = 2 Ch 18:9, Gn 19:1 (J) Pr 24:7 Jb 5:4 31:21 Ru 4:1, 11 Pr 31:23, 31, etc.; of conqueror Je 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Gn 19:2 (J) Ne 8:16 1 Ch 9:16 + (v. i. ר׳); Gn 34:20s (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ 23:10, 18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Jb 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Gn 34:24⁽⁾ (P; cf. also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Dt 21:19; 22:15, 24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Ru 3:11. b. hence also = city Is 14:31 (|| עִיר), ψ 87:2, etc. c. specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Dt 5:14 = Ex 20:10, Dt 12:12, 15, 17, 21 + 22 times Dt + 1 K 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, cf. Dt 18:6; 23:17, so G; S mod.), so || 2 Ch 6:28, + (perhaps) Je 14:2 (but 15:7 Na 3:13 fig. of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Pr 14:19 (perhaps cf. Ju 18:16 1 a supr.). 3. a. gate of royal castle or palace 2 K 9:31 Je 22:2, 4 Ne 2:8 Est 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר 2 K 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד 2 Ch 23:5 (v. ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים 2 K 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v 6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 23:15 ( = מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ || 2 K 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ 2 K 23:8. b. of temple Je 7:2⁽⁾ 1 Ch 9:23; 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2 (v. מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), cf. ψ 100:4; 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v 19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Je 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) 2 K 15:35 = 2 Ch 27:3, Ez 9:2, 2 Ch 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Je 26:10; 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ez 8:3 cf. v 14, 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי 10:19; 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת 1 Ch 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ 1 Ch 9:18. c. of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Ez 40:3, 6; 44:11, 17 + 67 times Ez 40–47. d. of court of tabern. (P), שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Ex 27:16; 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Nu 4:36. 4. fig. זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Gn 28:17 (E; || בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); pl. שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Is 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Jb 38:17 ψ 9:14; 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Jb 38:17.

שֹׁעֵר S TWOT GK₃₇ n.m. porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—abs. שׁוֹ׳ 2 Ch 31:14, cstr. שֹׁ׳ 2 K 7:10 1 Ch 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת 2 S 4:6 (for MT בֹּאוּ עַד תּ[וֹךְ]) We Dr HPS Bu Now after G (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); pl. שֹׁעֲרִים 2 K 7:11 + cstr. שֹׁעֲרֵי 2 Ch 23:4;—porter of city gate 2 K 7:10, 11 (2 S 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר G S B Th We Dr and most); portress of houses 2 S 4:6 (v. supr.); elsewhere (34 times Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary 1 Ch 9:17, 18, 24 +; 4,000 in no., 23:5; שׁ׳ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v 22; שׁ׳ לָאָרוֹן 15:23, 24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים 2 Ch 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezr 2:42.

†שְׁעַרְיָה S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:38 = 9:44, Σαρ(α)ια, Σααρια.

†שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם S GK n.pr.loc. 1. in the Shephelah of Judah (Buhl ¹⁹⁴) Jos 15:36, Σακαρειμ, GL Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ 1 S 17:52 (G τῶν πυλῶν). 2. in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם 1 Ch 4:31, Σεωρειμ, GL Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן (q.v.) Jos 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִים (in Negeb of Judah) 15:32; Buhl ^185.

†II. שָׁעַר S TWOT GK vb. calculate, reckon (NH Pi. J.Aram Pa. put a valuation on, estimate; J.Aram שַׁעֲרָא 4 Arabic سِعْرٌ (si˓run) 4 is loan-word Frä¹⁸⁹);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא Pr 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but dub.: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conj. in Bi Toy.

†ii. [שַׁ֫עַר S^, TWOT^, GK^, ] n.[m.] measure (proposes reckoning);—pl. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Gn 26:12 (J) 100 measures, i.e. 100 for one = 100-fold.

III. שׁער TWOT^, (√ of following).

†[שֹׁעָר S TWOT GK] adj. horrid, disgusting (Ba ¹⁶⁷);—pl. כַּתְּאֵנִים הַשֹּׁעָרִים Je 29:17 (uneatable).

†שַׁעֲרוּרָה S TWOT GK n.f. horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳ Je 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳ רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ 23:14.

†שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה, שַׁעֲרֻרִית n.f. id.;—abs. רָאִיתִי שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה Ho 6:10 Qr (> Kt שׁערירית); שַׁעֲרֻרִת עָֽשְׂתָה בְּתוּלַת יִשׂ׳ Je 18:13.

†שַׁעַשְׁגַּז S GK n.m. pers. Est 2:14, Γαι.

†I. [שָׁפָה S TWOT GK] vb. sweep bare (Arabic سَفَا (ى) (safā (y)), raise and carry off dust [v. סָפָה], أَسْفَى (˒asfā) of horse, scanty in hair of forelock; NH Pi. plane off; Aramaic ܫܦܳܐ (špo) Pt. pass. level (Is 40:4 = מִישׁוֹר), smooth, limpid, ܫܰܦܺܝ (šapi) make level, smooth (and deriv.));—Niph. 2 Pt. הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה Is 13:2 a bare mt.; Pu. Pf. consec. וְשֻׁפּוּ עַצְמֹתָיו Jb 33:21 Qr his bones are laid bare (so lean is he; Kt וּשְׁפִי bareness are his bones).

†שְׁפוֹת S TWOT GK (Kö^{. 1. 186}) n.f. dub., perhaps cream (as skimmed off? cf. Wetzst ^{iii (1883), 276 f.}, who connects with Arabic شِفَايَةٌ (šifāyatun) cream, and this with √ شفا (šf˒) take off the top (but שׁ = ش (š)?); EV cheese (after S T, cf. ARSK ³⁰⁹¹));—cstr. שְׁפוֹת בָּקָר 2 S 17:29 cream of the herd ( + דְּבַשׁ וְחֶמְאָה וְצֹאן), cf. Now Bu; GL HPS calves.

†שְׁפוֹ S GK n.pr.m. in Edom, Gn 36:23, Σαφ, GL Σωφαν; = ii. שְׁפִי 1 Ch 1:40, Σωβ, GL Σαπφει.

†i. שְׁפִי S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height;— 1. bareness, Jb 33:21 Kt (v. √). 2. bare place, height: שֶׁ֑פִי Nu 23:3 (E), i.e. an outlook-point; pl. שְׁפָיִים Is 41:18; 49:9 Je 3:21, שְׁפָיִם 3:2; 4:11 (|| מִדְבָּר), 7:29, 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּר), 14:6.

אַשְׁפָּה S TWOT GK quiver, vid. s.v.

†יִשְׁפָּה S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:16, Σαφαν, GL Ιεσφα.—יָֽשְׁפֶה v. p. 448 b supr.

II. שׁפה TWOT (cf. Arabic اُثْفِيَّةٌ (˒uṯfiyyatun) stone (one of three) supporting kettle, Aramaic ܬܦܰܝܳܐ (tpayo) tripod, also תַּפְיָא 2 hence perhaps as denom. Heb. [שָׁפַת] q.v., Fra⁶³; cf. ثفى (ṯfy) ii., Aramaic ܬܦܳܐ (tpo), תְּפִי set on a kettle or pot; v. also GFM Ju 5:16 RS ^{i. 357, 2nd ed. 377}).

†[שָׁפַת S TWOT GK] vb.denom. set (on the fire) (NH; v. √; Sab. שפת = bestow, SabDenkm ^{8, i. 15});—Qal 1. Imv. ms. שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר 2 K 4:38 set on the pot, so Ez 24:3, cf. v 3 (del. Co, not Krae; Toy allows); later more gen. (subj. י׳): Impf. 2 ms. sf. תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי ψ 22:16 in the dust of death thou settest me. 2. ordain, establish, 2 ms. תִּשְׁפֹּת שָׁלוֹם לָ֑גוּ Is 26:12.

†אַשְׁפֹּת S TWOT GK n.[m.] ash-heap (?), refuse-heap, dung-hill (prob. orig. 6, cf. Arabic sub √);—א׳ abs. as beggars’ resting-place 1 S 2:8 = ψ 113:7 (both || עָפָר; cf. Jb 2:8 Wetzst^ap. ); so pl. אַשְׁפַּתּוֹת