†שָׁפֵל S TWOT GK^, vb. be or become low, be abased (NH, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHM^{xxix (1875), 604}; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ (safila, safula, safala) be low (Lag ⁴⁸); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (špal) (der. spec.));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Is 2:11; 2 fs. וְשָׁפַלְתְּ 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁפַּל 2:9; 5:15; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה 5:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפַל Ec 12:4 Pr 16:19, v. infr.;— 1. all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Is 10:33 (|| גְּדֻעִים), mts. 40:4 (opp. נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lag], so Du Che Di-Kit Marti); fig. be humiliated, of man 2:9; 5:15, his loftiness 2:17, haughty eyes v 11 (all || שָׁחַח), 5:15; of city 32:19; as helping vb. ( = adv.) וְשׁ׳ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Ges ^{120 g}; || מֵעָפָר תִּשַּׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ). 2. שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Pr 16:19 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl SS Toy al.; Thes Rob-Ges. al. sub שָׁפָל. 3. of sound Ec 12:4. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁפִּיל Is 25:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁפִּיל ψ 75:8, sf. יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Is 26:5 (but 2nd vb. prob. doublet), etc.; Imv. mpl. (sf.) (הַשְׁפִּילֵ הוּ Jb 40:11 Je 13:18; Inf. cstr. sf. הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Pr 25:7 (Ez 21:31 read abs. הַשְׁפֵּיל, || הַגְבֵּהַּ, so Co Krae Ges ^{113 bb R. 3}); Pt. מַשְׁפִּיל 1 S 2:7 ψ 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Ges ^{90 l}) ψ 113:6;— 1. usually fig., י׳ subj., lay low, tree Ez 17:24 (opp. הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Is 26:5 (|| הֵשַׁח); fortress 25:12 ( + הֵשַׁח; Du thinks doublet of 26:5); humiliate pride v 11; 13:11, cf. Jb 40:11; obj. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת ψ 18:28, so read also || 2 S 22:28, י׳מַשׁ׳אַף־מְרוֹמֵם 1 S 2:7, רְשָׁעִים ψ 147:6; זֶה יַשׁ׳ וְזֶה יָרִים 75:8, cf. Ez 21:31. 2. hum. subj. set one in a lower place Pr 25:7; subj. hum. pride Pr 29:23; declar. Is 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל. 3. as helping vb.: + vb. coord., הַשׁ׳ שֵׁ֑בוּ Je 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Ges ^{120 g}); + inf. מַשׁ׳ לִרְאוֹת ψ 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (i.e. י׳; || הַמַּגְבִּיהִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת v 5; Ges ^{114 n}).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה Jb 22:29 is dub.; || יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Bu conj. for וַתֹּא׳, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳ hath abased pride, so (in part) Du; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳ intrans.; AV, cf. Lag ¹²¹); (thy ways) are brought low (Ew De Di).

†שֵׁ֫פֶל S TWOT GK n.[m.] low estate, condition;—abs. שׁ׳ Ec 10:6 (opp. מְרוֹמִים); sf. שִׁפְלֵנוּ ψ 136:23.

†שִׁפְלָה S TWOT GK n.f. humiliation;—Is 32:19 (of city).

שָׁפָל S TWOT GK adj. low;—abs. שׁ׳ 2 S 6:22 +, cstr. שְׁפַל Pr 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Ez 17:14 +, cstr. שִׁפְלַת v 6; pl. שְׁפָלִים Jb 5:11;— 1. low, in height, of vine Ez 17:6, tree v 24 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Lv 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v 21, 26, cf. 14:37. 2. of a modest, unambitious kingdom Ez 17:14; 29:14, 15; low in station Jb 5:11 (opp. שָֽׂגְבוּ), Ez 21:31 (Ges ^{90 f.}; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣). 3. humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י 2 S 6:22; pl. Mal 2:9 (|| נִבְזִים). 4. lowly, as subst. ψ 138:6 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Is 57:15 (|| נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v 15, Pr 29:23 (opp. גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + 16:19 Thes al. (but v. √ Qal 2).

†שְׁפֵלָה S TWOT GK n.f. lowland;—always abs. שׁ׳ c. art., except sf. שְׁפֵלָתֹה Jos 11:16;—lowland: 1. usually term. techn. of strip W. of Judaean mts. (on exact limits v. GASm ^{201 ff.; Expos. Dec. 1896, 404 f.} Buhl ¹⁰⁴ Dr ^{iii. 892 f.}): almost always disting. from הָהָר and הַנֶּגֶב, sometimes from הָעֲרָבָה, in Dt 1:7 Jos 9:1 (R) also from חוֹף הַיָּם, cf. Jos 10:40; 12:8 (both R), Ju 1:9 (perhaps R, cf. Bu GFM), Jos 15:33 (P), Je 17:26; 32:44; 33:13 Ob 19 Zc 7:7 2 Ch 26:10; 28:18 (disting. from הַמִּישׁוֹר, plateau E. of Jordan); region of sycomores 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15; 9:27, 1 Ch 27:28. 2. of lowland (near coast) N. of Carmel Jos 11:2; W. of mts. of Ephr. v 16 (both R).

†שִׁפְלוּת S TWOT GK n.f. sinking;—cstr. שׁ׳ יָדִים Ec 10:18 sinking of hands, negligence; (|| עֲצַלְתַּ֫יִם).

†שָׁפָם S GK n.pr.m. in Gad 1 Ch 5:12; G Σαβατ, A Σαφαμ, GL Σαφαν.

†שְׁפָם S GK n.pr.loc. on E. border of Israel; שׁ׳ Nu 34:10, שְׁפָ֫מָה v 11; G Σεπφαμαρ; site unknown.

שֻׁפִּם S TWOT v. שֻׁפִּים sub שׁפף.

†שִׁפֲמוֹת (so Baer with codd. and edd.; Thes שִׁפְ׳; van d. H. Gi שִׂפְ׳);—n.pr.loc. in Negebe 1 S 30:28; Σαφει; A Σαφαμως, GL Σεφειμωθ.

†שִׁפְמִי S GK adj.gent. (of foreg.?);—1 Ch 27:27.

שׁוּפָמִי S GK adj.gent. v. שְׁפוּפָם sub שׁפף.

שׁפן TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ثُفُن (ṯufun) Fresnel ^{1838, 514} Thes¹⁴⁶⁷ [usually called وَبْر (wabr) or طُبْسُن (ṭubsun)]).

†i. שָׁפָן S TWOT GK^, n.m. Lv 11:5 rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—abs. שׁ׳ Dt 14:7 = Lv 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, pl. שְׁפַנִּים ψ 104:18 Pr 30:26.—Vid. Rob ^{iii. 66, 387} Tr^{NHB> 75; 1, and 1} Dr Dt Post ^coney McLean-Shipley ^id..

†ii. שָׁפָן S TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. Σαφ(φ)αν: 1. secretary (הַסֹּפֵר) under Josiah 2 K 22:3, 8⁽⁾, 9, 10⁽⁾, 12, 14 2 Ch 34:8, 15⁽⁾, 16, 18⁽⁾, 20. 2. father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1): 2 K 22:12; 25:22 Je 26:24; 39:14; 40:5, 9, 11; 41:2; 43:6 2 Ch 34:20. 3. father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Je 29:3, perhaps = 2. 4. father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ 36:10 (called הַסֹּפֵר), v 11, 12, perhaps = 1. 5. father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Ez 8:11, possibly = 1.

שׁוֹפָן S GK v. עֲטָרוֹת p. 743a supr.

†יִשְׁפָּן S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:22; Ισφαν, A Εσφαν, GL Ιεσφαν.

שׁפע TWOT (√ of foll.; NH שָׁפַע flow abundantly, be abundant; T שְׁפַע, Syriac ܫܦܰܥ (špa˓), overflow, abound).

†שֶׁ֫פַע S TWOT GK n.[m.] abundance;—cstr. שׁ׳ Dt 33:19.

†[שִׁפְעָה S TWOT GK], שִׁפְעַת n.f. abundance, quantity;—appar. abs. שִׁפְעַת 2 K 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klo Benz al.; > G Kit עָפָר); cstr. שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v 17 Jehu’s multitude; cstr., of horses Ez 26:10, camels Is 60:6; of waters Jb 22:11; 38:34.

†שִׁפְעִי S GK n.pr.m. in Simeon 1 Ch 4:37; Σεφει, GL Σωφει.

שׁפף TWOT (√ of following).

†שְׁפִיפֹן S TWOT GK n.[m.] horned snake, G κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ (siffun, sufun) Frey);—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 49:17 (|| נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, cf. Tr^{NHB> 273} Post ^{iv. 457 f.} McLean-Shipley ^{iv. 4393} Dr^{ad loc.}—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.v.

†שְׁפוּפָם S GK n.pr.m. in Benjamin;—Nu 26:39, Σουταλα, GL Σοφαν ( = מֻפִּים וְחֻפִּים Gn 46:21, שֻׁפִּים וְחֻפִּם 1 Ch 7:12).

†שׁוּפָמִי S GK adj. gent. of foregonig, c. art. as n.coll. Nu 26:39.

†שְׁפוּפָן S GK n.pr.m. in Benj. 1 Ch 8:5, Σωφαρφακ, A Σωφαν, GL Σεπφαμ.

†שֻׁפִּים S GK^, n.pr.m. 1. שׁ׳ 1 Ch 7:15, Μαμφειν, A Σεφφειμ, GL Σαφιν, appar. = שֻׁפִּם v 12, Σαπφειν, GL Σαφαν (cf. מֻפִּים, שְׁפוּפָם). 2. שֻׁפִּים doorkeeper, 1 Ch 26:16.

†[שָׁפַר S TWOT GK] vb. be beautiful, fair, comely (Arabic سَفَرَ (safara) remove veil (of women), shine; Aramaic שְׁפַר be pleasing (v. Dn 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ (špar) be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ (šapir) beautiful);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָ֑י (Aramaic) ψ 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (v. עַל II. 8).

†i. [שֶׁ֫פֶר S^, TWOT GK^, ] n. m. beauty, goodliness;—abs. אִמְרֵי־שָׁ֑פֶר Gn 49:21 (v. אֹמֶר, אָמִיר).

†ii. [שֶׁ֫פֶר S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.pr.mont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָׁ֑פֶר Nu 33:23, 24 (P); Σαφαρ.

†i. שִׁפְרָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.f. fairness, clearness, of sky;—abs. שׁ׳ Jb 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), v. especially De Di Bu Du; > Che ^{1897, 578} (after G) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא.

†ii. שִׁפְרָה S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.f. Hebrew midwife, Ex 1:15 (E); Σεπφωρα (cf. Lag ⁹⁰).

†שָׁפִיר S GK n.pr.loc. in Philist. plain, Mi 1:11 ( = שָׁמִיר Jos 15:48?); G καλῶς (!).

אֶשְׁפָּר S TWOT^, GK vid. s.v.

שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר₇₂ n.m. Is 27:13 horn, for blowing (Aramaic שׁיפורא √ dub.; CAdler ^{1889, clxxi ff.} cp. Assyrian š/sappar(u) a species of wild goat; in any case the שׁ׳ is a curved horn, as of cow or ram, cf. Dr Am 2:2 (with illustr.));—abs. שׁוֹ׳ 2 S 6:15 +, שׁ׳ Ex 19:16 +; cstr. שׁוֹפַר Lv 25:9; pl. שׁוֹפָרוֹת Ju 7:22 +, cstr. שׁוֹפְרוֹת Jos 6:4 +; sf. שׁוֹפְרֹתֵיהֶם Ju 7:8;—horn, mostly as used in war, rarely, and chiefly late, as sacred instr.: Ho 8:1 Ju 7:8, 16 Is 58:1 (sim.) Jb 39:25 (בְּדֵי שׁ׳, v. דַּי 2 a); שׁ׳ (הַ)יּוֹבְלִים Jos 6:4 rams’ horns (v. יבל), so v 6, 8, 13 (all E); קוֹל (הַ)שׁ׳ Ex 19:16, 19; 20:18 (Gi v 15), Jos 6:5, 20 (all E), Am 2:2 + 13 times; תָּקַע בַּשּׁ׳ = give a blast with the horn, Ju 3:27; 6:34 Jos 6:4 + 9 times Jos, 1 S 13:3 1 K 1:34, 39 + 9 times, + (י׳ subj.) Zc 9:14; תָּקַע שׁ׳ Ho 5:8 Am 3:6 (vb. Niph.), Je 4:5 + 7 times, + תֹּקְעֵי הַשּׁ׳ Jos 6:9 Qr (Kt תָּֽקְעוּ) + 6 times; הַשּׁ׳ לִתְקוֹעַ Ju 7:20, בְּתֵקַע שׁ׳ ψ 150:3; also הֶעֱבִיר שׁ׳ תְּרוּעָת Lv 25:9a (H), cf. v 9b (P), יוֹם שׁ׳ וּתְרוּעָה Zp 1:16; used on religious occasions, Jos 6:4ff. Lv 25:9 Jo 2:1, 15 ψ 47:6; 81:4; 98:6; 150:3 2 Ch 15:14.—On שׁ׳ v. Adler^{The Bhophar (1894)} Dr Am 2:2 Hpt ^{ψψ 221 f.} Abrahams ^trumpet.

†[שׁפרור Kt, שַׁפְרִיר S TWOT GK Qr] n.[m.] doubtful, Thes splendour (√ שׁפר; Dl^{. 126} cp. Assyrian vb. šuparrura, spread out (Id. ⁶⁸⁴)); appar. of (2?) royal pavilion, canopy, or poss. carpet, sf. נָטָה שׁפרורו Je 43:10 (Qr שַׁפְדִירוֹ).

[שָׁפַת S TWOT GK], אַשְׁפֹּת S TWOT GK, מִשְׁפְּתַיִם S TWOT GK v. II. שׁפה.

†ii. שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם S TWOT GK^, n.[m.]du. doubtful word: usually hook-shaped pegs, hooks, so T Thes AV RV; abs. וְהַשּׁ׳ Ez 40:43; < S B Co וּשְׂפָתָם and their edge, so Aq Theod Symm and prob. G, cf. Hi-Sm, and Krae (וּשְׂפַת).—i. שׁ׳ v. √ שׁפה.

שֶׁ֫צֶף S TWOT GK v. שֶׁ֫טֶף sub שׁטף.

†שָׁקַד S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} vb. watch, wake (Ph. שקד be circumspect; NH שָׁקַד be insistent; T שְׁקֵד = BH);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ ψ 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Je 31:28 ψ 102:8; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁק֑וֹד Jb 21:32 (Me Bu יִשְׁקֹ֑דוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Dn 9:14, 1 s. אֶשְׁקֹד Je 31:28; Imv. mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezr 8:29; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁקֹד Pr 8:34; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵד Je 1:12 +; pl. cstr. שֹׁקְדֵי Is 29:20;— 1. keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳ subj., עַל pers., to benefit or injure Je 31:28⁽⁾; 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it 1:12 Dn 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Is 29:20; of leopard watching עַל־עָרֵיהֶם Je 5:6 (to seize prey, fig.); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Pr 8:34 (|| שָׁמַר); = keep guard over (עַל) Jb 21:32, cf. (abs.) שׁ׳ וְשִׁמְרוּ Ezr 8:29, and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) ψ 127:1. 2. be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer ψ 102:8.—La 1:14 read perhaps Niph. Pf. נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (G Bu) watch has been kept over my transgressions (cf. 1 supra), for MT נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳.—Pu. denom. v. infra.

†שָׁקֵד S TWOT GK n.[m.] almond(-tree) (NH id.; so called from its early waking out of winter’s sleep, according to Ki Thes Lag ⁴⁵ al.; Aramaic שִׁיגְדָּא, ܫܶܓܕܳܐ, ܫܶܓܕܬܳܐ (šegdo, šegdto), whence Ethiopic ሰግድ (sagd) cf. Nö ³⁹; cf. Löw ³¹⁹);— 1. almond, i.e. the nut, pl. שְׁקֵדִים Gn 43:11 (J; + בָּטְנִים, etc.), Nu 17:23 (P). 2. 2 Je 1:11 and (prob.) Ec 12:5.

†[שָׁקַד S^, TWOT^, GK^{, ,} ] vb. Pu. denom.—only Pt. pl. in גְּבִעִים מְשֻׁקָּדִים cups shaped like almond (blossoms) Ex 25:33⁽⁾, 34; 37:19⁽⁾, 20 (all P).

†[שָׁקָה S TWOT GK] vb. Hiph. cause to drink water, give to drink (NH Hiph. id.; Arabic سَقَى (saqā) i. give to drink; Sab. סקי be irrigated Fell ^{liv (1900), 246}, מסקי drinks Hom ¹²⁴, מסתקין id. DHM^{, 1, 1.7}; Ethiopic ሰቀየ (saqaya) water, irrigate; Assyrian šaḳû i. = Heb. Hiph., Aramaic שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ (šqo) Aph.);—for Qal v. I. שָׁתָה;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. זְהִשְׁקָה Gn 2:6 +, sf. וְהִשְׁקָהּ Nu 5:27; 2 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Nu 20:8 +; 1 s. consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ez 32:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקֶה Nu 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Gn 29:10 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Pr 25:21; fs. sf. הַשְׁקִ֫נִי Gn 24:43 +; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁקוֹת Gn 2:10 +, sf. הַשְׁקֹתוֹ 24:19; Pt. מַשְׁקֶה ψ 104:13, cstr. Hb 2:15 (v. also i., ii. מַשְׁקֶה);— 1. irrigate, ground: subj. man Dt 11:10, mist Gn 2:6, river v 10 (both J), spring Jo 4:18; subj. י׳ Is 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Ez 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in fig., fig. also 32:6 water land מִדָּם; lit. c. מִן of source ψ 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Ec 2:6 (יַעַר). 2. water, give drink to, usually human subj., acc. of beast, Gn 24:14, 46⁽⁾; 29:2 (מִן of source), v 3, 7, 8, 10 Ex 2:16, 17, 19 (all J), ψ 104:11 (subj. springs); acc. pers. Gn 21:19 (E), 24:18, 19, 45 (J), Hb 2:15 (fig.), Is 43:20 (י׳ subj.), ψ 78:15 (id.), 2 Ch 28:15, c. ב of vessel Est 1:7; c. acc. pers. et animal. Nu 20:8 (P); give one something to drink, acc. pers. + rei (water, wine, etc.), Am 2:12 Gn 19:32, 33, 34, 35; 24:43 Nu 5:24, 26 Ju 4:19 1 S 30:11 2 S 23:15 = 1 Ch 11:15, Jb 22:7, cf. Ct 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); fig. Je 8:14; 9:14; 16:7; 23:15; 25:15 ψ 69:22, cf. וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת 80:6; acc. rei om., lit. Ju 4:19 Ex 32:20 (E), fig. Je 25:17.—Vid. also i. מַשְׁקֶה infra. Pu. Impf. 3 ms. וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Jb 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Am 8:8 v. שׁקע.

†שִׁקּוּר n.[m.] drink (Ba^{§ 102 d});—שׁ׳ לְעַצְמוֹתֶיךָ Pr 3:3 drink (fig. for refreshment) to thy bones (cf. vb. Pu.); pl. sf. שִׁקֻּוַי (Ol ^{186 b}) ψ 102:10 ( + לֶחֶם v a), שִׁקּיָ֑י Ho 2:7.

†שֹׁ֫קֶת S TWOT GK, [שֵׁ֫קֶת] n. f. watering - trough (Ges ^{95 f} Ba ^{xii (1887), 605}; Arabic سَاقِيَةٌ (sāqiyatun) irrigating canal, سِقَايَةٌ (siqāyatun) 3);—abs. הַשּׁ׳ Gn 24:20 (J); pl. cstr. שִׁקֲתוֹת הַמַּיִם 30:38 (J).

†i. מַשְׁקֶה S TWOT GK n.m. butler, cup-bearer (proposes Pt. Hiph. = one giving drink);—abs. מ׳ Gn 40:5 (E), Ne 1:11, cstr. מַשְׁקֵה Gn 40:1, sf. מַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ v 13, pl. מַשְׁקִים v 2, 9, 20, 21, 23; 41:9 (all E); sf. מַשְׁקָיו 1 K 10:5 = 2 Ch 9:4 (> ii. מ׳).

†ii. מַשְׁקֶה S TWOT GK n.m. Lv 11:34 irrigation, drink;—abs. מ׳ Gn 13:10 Lv 11:34, cstr. מַשְׁקֵה 1 K 10:21 + 3 times; sf. מַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Gn 40:21;— 1. irrigation Gn 13:10 (J; abstr. for concrete, =) 2, of land; Ez 45:15 (< G Co Siegf Berthol Toy Krae מִשְׁפְּחוֹת; Gr מִקְנֵה). 2. drink Is 32:6 Lv 11:34; כְּלֵי מ׳ 2 1 K 10:21 = 2 Ch 9:20. 3. = office of butler, butlership Gn 40:21 (E).

†שָׁקַט S TWOT GK vb. be quiet, undisturbed (T שְׁקַט (rare); NH שׁקט is sink down; Arabic سَقَطَ (saqaṭa) is drop down);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Je 30:10; 46:27, 3 fs. שָֽׁקְטָה Jos 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה 2 K 11:20 +; 1 s. שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Jb 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Ez 16:42; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹט Ru 3:18; 2 fs. תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Je 47:6, 7; 1 s. אֶשְׁקוֹט Is 62:1 Jb 3:13, אשׁקוטה Is 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשֳׁקָטָה (Ges^{§ 10 h, 48 c}); Pt. שֹׁקֵט Ju 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁקֶ֫טֶת 1 Ch 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zc 1:11; pl. הַשֹּׁקְטִים Ez 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed: 4. of land, at peace, abs. Ju 3:11, 30; 5:31; 8:28 Is 14:7 ( + נָ֫חָה), 2 Ch 13:23; 14:5; + מִמִּלְחָמָה Jos 11:23; 14:15 (D?), cf. v 5 (P); וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳ 1 Ch 4:40; of earth ψ 76:9 Zc 1:11 (ישֶׁבֶת ושׁ׳); abs. of city 2 K 11:20 = 2 Ch 23:21, kingdom 2 Ch 20:30, + לִפְנֵי pers. 14:4; of people, שׁ׳ וּבֹטֵחַ in peace and security Ju 18:7, 27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Ez 38:11; + שַׁאֲנַן Je 30:10 = 46:27; of Moab, שַׁאֲנַן … וְשֹׁקִט אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו 48:11 undisturbed upon its less (fig. of wine); of Job, quiet in death Jb 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v 26 ( + שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָחְ֑תִּי). 5. be quiet, inactive: of י׳ + וְאַבִּיטַה Is 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, i.e. gaze as an inactive spectator, ψ 83:2 (|| דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Ez 16:42; of sword of י׳ Je 47:6, 7; of Boaz Ru 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Is 62:1 (|| חָשָׁה be silent). Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיט Pr 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Jb 34:29; Imv. ms. הַשְׁקֵט Is 7:4; Inf. abs. חַשְׁקֵט Is 32:17 +; cstr. הַשְׁקִיט ψ 94:13, -קִט Jb 37:17, -קֵט Is 57:20 Je 49:23;— 1. shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Is 7:4 ( + אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Is 57:20 = Je 49:23, earth Jb 37:17 ( + מִדָּרוֹם); hence Inf. abs. = subst., quietness, display of quietness Is 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Du Che Marti del. הַצַּ׳ as dittogr. from v a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Ez 16:49 (of Sodom). 2. cause quietness: subj. י׳ Jb 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָ֑ע ψ 94:13; pacify, allay, obj. רִיב Pr 15:18.

†שֶׁ֫קֶט S TWOT GK n.[m.] quietness;—1 Ch 22:9 ( + שָׁלוֹם).

†שָׁקַל S TWOT GK vb. weigh (NH id.; Arabic ثَقُلَ (ṯaqula) be heavy, ثِقَلٌ (ṯiqalun) heaviness, weight, ثَقَلٌ (ṯaqalun) load, Old Aramaic תקל weigh, Aramaic תְּקַל, ܬܩܰܠ (tqal) (weigh), pay, תִּקְלָא shekel, but also (Old Aramaic Zinj.) שקל, שקלן Lzb³⁸²; ܫܩܰܠ (šqal) life up; Assyrian šaḳâlu, weigh, šiḳlu (appar.) = שֶׁקֵל; Ethiopic ሰቀለ (saqala) hang up, weigh; Ph. משקל weight; cf. Frä²⁰², also Gk. σίγλος (G σίκλος), Lag ^{ii. 357} Lewy^{118 f.};—on connex. of meanings cf. weigh trans. and intrans. = Germ. wägen, wiegen, also heave, heavy, heft ( = weight, obs. or colloq.));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ 2 S 14:26 Is 40:12; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹל Ex 22:16, sf. יִשְׁקְלֵ֫נִי Jb 31:6, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁקוֹל Jb 6:2; cstr. לִשְׁקוֹל Est 4:7; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵל Is 33:18, 2 S 18:12 read perhaps שָׁקֻל, v. infr.; 1. weigh, human subj. Is 33:18, acc. rei 2 S 14:26 Is 46:6 (ב of scale); fig., י׳ subj. Is 40:12, also (acc. pers.) Jb 31:6 (both c. ב of scale); cf. Inf. abs. sub Niph.; weigh precious metals intrusted to one, ל pers. Ezr 8:25, עַל־יָדָם v 26, acc. rei om. v 29 (לִפְנֵי of superior). 2. weigh out a price (i.e. pay): acc. of silver Ex 22:16 (E), 1 K 20:39 Zc 11:12 Je 32:10 (ב of scale), Is 55:2 (c. ב, in exchange for); + ל pers. Je 32:9 Gn 23:16 (P); + עַל־כַּפַּי 2 S 18:12 (read perhaps שָׁקֻל, so We Kit Bu Buhl), עַל־יְדֵי פ׳ Est 3:9, עַל־גִּנְזֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 4:7. Niph. be weighed: 1. Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁקַל, subj. rei Ezr 8:33 (pass. of Qal v 25 f.); Impf. 3 ms. fig. ( + Qal Inf. abs.), לוּ שָׁקוֹל יִשָּׁקֵל כַּעְשִׂי Jb 6:2. 2. be weighted out, as price, 28:15.

שֶׁ֫קֶל S TWOT GK₈₇ n.m. Lv 27:6 a weight, shekel (orig. = weight; late Heb. = coin GACooke ³⁵⁶);—abs. שׁ׳ Am 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Ex 38:29 +; pl. שְׁקָלִים Jos 7:21 +; cstr. שִׁקְלֵי 1 Ch 21:25;—shekel, as standard weight Am 8:5; of weight of bronze armour 1 S 17:5, iron spear-head v 7, + 2 S 21:16b (v. מִשְׁקָל), hair 2 S 14:26, food Ez 4:10; implying value, of wedge of gold Jos 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) 2 Ch 3:9; usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment or valuation) Ex 21:32 (E), Jos 7:21 (JE), 1 S 9:8 2 S 24:24 2 K 7:1⁽⁾, 16⁽⁾, 18⁽⁾; 15:20 Je 32:9 Ez 45:12⁽⁾ (v. infra), and ( = coin, from time of Darius I) Ne 5:15; 10:33 Lv 5:15; 27:3, 4, 5⁽⁾ (all P), + 53 times P; also מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ׳ Ex 30:13⁽⁾, 15; 38:26 ( = בֶּקַע), all 8, atonement-money; cf. שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Ne 10:33 one-third; also רֶבַע שׁ׳ 1 S 9:8 one-fourth of shekel; שׁ׳ = 20 גֵּרָה (ג׳ otherwise unknown) Ez 45:12 Ex 30:13 Lv 27:25 Nu 3:47; 50 שׁ׳ = one maneh Ez 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], G Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Ex 30:13, 24 Lv 5:15 Nu 3:47, 50; 7:13 + 21 times P; land estimated in שׁ׳ of gold 1 Ch 21:25; שׂ׳ also often om. after num.—שׁ׳ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 gr. Troy (or 126 1/3), mod. equiv. c. £2 1 s., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 gr. (nearly 1/2 oz.) = שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (v. supra), or 112 1/4, mod. equiv. c. 2 s. 9d., or 67 c.; שׁ׳ בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 S 14:26 is dub.; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it prob. ref. to a Bab. or Pers. scale (cf. S-C באבני מלבא often); 60 (or 50) שׁ׳ = 1 mina, 60 minas = 1 talent (v. מָנֶה, כִּכָּר). Vid. especially ARSKennedy ^{weights and measures, and money}.

†מִשְׁקוֹל S TWOT GK n.[m.] heaviness, weight;—בֳּמ׳ Ez 4:10 by weight.

מִשְׁקָל S TWOT GK₄₉ n.m. id.;—abs. מ׳ 2 K 25:16 +; cstr. מִשְׁקַל Ju 8:26 +; sf. מִשְׁקָלוֹ Gn 24:22 +, etc.;—weight Gn 24:22⁽⁾ (J), Jos 7:21 (JE), Ju 8:26 1 S 17:5 2 S 12:30; 21:16a (v 16b read שֶׁקֶל with G [v. especially GL] We Dr and mod.), 1 K 7:47; 10:14 Nu 7:13 + 11 times Nu 7 (P), 7 times Chr; of wind Jb 28:25; בְּמִשְׁקָלוֹ Gn 43:21 (J) in its (full) weight, cf. מאֹזְנֵי מ׳ Ez 5:1; בַּמּ׳ by weight Lv 26:26 1 Ch 28:14a, 18; בְּמ׳ id. Ez 4:16 (of bread), Ezr 8:34 1 Ch 28:14b, 15⁽⁾, 17⁽⁾; בַּמּ׳ Lv 19:35 in respect to weight, cf. מ׳ 1 Ch 28:16 as to weight, in weight; לֹא־הָיָה מ׳ (i.e. there was too much to be weighed) 2 K 25:16 = Je 52:20, אֵין מ׳ 1 Ch 22:3, 14.

†[מִשְׁקֶ֫לֶת S TWOT GK], מִשְׁקֹ֫לֶת n.f. levelling instrument, level (for horizontal accuracy);—abs. מִשְׁקָ֑לֶת Is 28:17 (fig. of צְדָקָה; || קַי); cstr. -קֹ֫לֶת, fig., מ׳ בֵּית אַחְאָב 2 K 21:13.

†[שִׁקְמָה S TWOT GK] n.f. sycomore tree (NH id., Aramaic שִׁיקְמָא, ܫܶܩܡܳܐ (šeqmo), Löw ³³²; hence Gk. συκάμινος, mulberry Lewy²³);—pl. abs. שִׁקְמִים Am 7:14 +; sf. שִׁקְמוֹתָם ψ 78:47;—sycamore, ficus sycomorus Linn (Tristr ^{397 ff.} Post ^{of Syria 730; s.v.}) a common tree Is 9:9, growing in the Sh^ephela 1 K 10:27 = 2 Ch 1:15 = 9:27, 1 Ch 27:28; as property ψ 78:47 (|| גֶּפֶן); בּוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים Am 7:14 a tender of sycomores (v. [בָּלַם]).

[שָׁקַע S TWOT GK] vb. sink, sink down (so NH שָׁקַע, Aramaic שְׁקַע; Arabic has صَقِعَ (ṣaqi˓a) be smitten, prostrated, collapse);—Qal Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְשָֽׁקְעָה Am 9:5 it shall sink like the Nile (of land; opp. עָלָה); 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁקַע Nu 11:2 (JE), of fire, it sank down, died out; תִּשְׁקַע Je 51:64, of Babylon (like stone in water; opp. קוּם). Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁקְעָה Am 8:8 Qr, of land, sink (opp. עָלָה; = Qal 9:5; Kt erron. נשקה, cf. W ²⁸⁷). Hiph. Impf. 1 s. אַשְׁקִיעַ מֵימֵיהֶם Ez 32:14 I will make their waters sink (settle, grow clear); 2 ms. וּבְחֶבֶל תַּשְׁקִיעַ לְשׁוֹנוֹ Jb 40:25 with a cord wilt thou make his tongue sink (? pull or press it down; of crocodile; Mich^{Suppl. 2349}, cited Thes¹⁴⁷⁷, cp. Sam. שקע (šq˓) = חבשׁ bind).

[מִשְׁקָע S TWOT GK] n.[m.] what is settled, clarified (cf. √ Hiph.);—cstr. מִשְׁקַעמַיִם תִּשְׁתּוּ Ez 34:18 the clear (of) water ye drink (cf. 32:14 supra).

[שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה S TWOT GK] v. קער.

†I. [שָׁקַף S TWOT GK] vb. Niph. Hiph. overhang, look out and down (NH Niph. Hiph. = BH; cf. Aramaic שְׁקִיפָא, ܫܩܺܝܦܳܐ (šqipo) rocky pinnacle, rock, Arabic سَقْفٌ (saqfun) ceiling, roof, sky (on connex. of meanings cf. Arabic أَشْرَفَ (˒ašrafa) overtop, overlook, from شَرُفَ (šarufa) be high; اِطَّلَعَ (˒iṭṭala˓a) look down upon, from طَلَعَ (ṭala˓a) rise));—Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁקְפָה Ju 5:28 +, וְנִשְׁקָ֖פָח Nu 21:20 (read prob. pt. הַנִּשְׁקָפָה, cf. 23:28, GBG); 1 s. נִשְׁקָ֑פְתִּי Pr 7:6; Pt. נִשְׁקָף Nu 23:28 1 S 13:18 ψ 85:12; f. נִשְׁקָפָה Ct 6:10;—lean over (and look), look down, c. בְּעַד of window, through Ju 5:28 2 S 6:16 = 1 Ch 15:29, Pr 7:6; abs. look down, forth Ct 6:10; c. מִן of direction whence Je 6:1 ψ 85:12 (both fig.); of mt. lean over upon (עַל־פְּנֵי), overhang Nu 21:20; 23:28 1 S 13:18 (read הַגֶּבַע for הגבול We Dr HPS al.). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁקִיף ψ 14:2 +; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיף La 3:50, וַיַּשְׁקֵף Gn 19:28 +, etc.; Imv. ms. cohort. הַשְׁקִ֫יפָה Dt 26:15;—look down ( = Niph.): c. בְּעַד of window Gn 26:8 (J), 2 K 9:30, c. אֶל pers. v 32; look down upon, עַל־פְּנֵי, subj. pers. Gn 18:16; 19:28 (both J), abs. וַיַּשׁ׳ וַיַּרְא 2 S 24:20 (וַיַּבֵּט in || 1 Ch 21:21); especially subj. י׳, c. אֶל loc. Ex 14:24 (J); c. מִן loc. Dt 26:15 ψ 102:20, + עַל pers. 14:2 = 53:3, + וְיֵ֫רֶא La 3:50.

II. שׁקף TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Aramaic שְׁקַף, ܫܩܰܦ (šqap) strike, whence foll. as that against which the door strikes, v. Frä²⁰; Arabic سَقَفَ (saqafa) to ceil or roof, سَقْفٌ (saqfun) ceiling, roof).

†[שֶׁ֫קֶף S TWOT GK] n.[m.] frame-work, casing of doors (cf. NH שְׁקוּף lintel, Aramaic שְׁקוֹף, שַׁקְפָא threshold);—שָׁ֑קֶף 1 K 7:5.

†[שָׁקוּף S TWOT GK, שְׁקוּף] n.m. 1 K 6:4 frame, casing of windows;—pl. חַלּוֹנֵי שְׁקֻפִים 1 K 6:4 windows of narrowing frames, so read also, inserting שׁ׳, Ez 41:16 (Co Toy; > Krae Berthol read שׁ׳ for שְׂחִיף v b); שׁ׳ alone 1 K 7:4.

†מַשְׁקוֹף S TWOT GK n.[m.] prob. lintel of door;—הַמּ׳ Ex 12:7 (P), v 22, 23 (J).

שׁקץ (√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šikṣu, impurity, blemish; NH Pi. שִׁקֵּץ, Aramaic Pa. שַׁקֵּץ detest, are denom.; RS ^{xvi.71 ff.} conj. original meaning let fall, throw away, cf. Arabic سَقَطَ (saqaṭa) fall, drop down, but very dubious).

†שֶׁ֫קֶץ S TWOT GK n.m. Lv 7:21 detestation, detestable thing;—שׁ׳ of the ceremonially unclean Lv 7:21; creatures forbidden as food: water animals without fins or sclaes 11:10, 11, 12, birds of prey, etc., v 13, winged creeping things v 20, 23, creeping vermin v 41, 42 (all P), cf. Is 66:17 ( + בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, הָעַכְבָּר); v. RS^{. i. 275, 2nd ed. 293; 309 f., 2nd ed. 311 f.}—Ez 8:10 read prob. שִׁקּוּצִים, v. שִׁקּוּץ.

†[שִׁקֵּץ S TWOT GK] vb. Pi. denom. detest, make detestable;—Pf. 3 ms. שִׁקַּץ ψ 22:25; Impf. 2 mpl. תְּשַׁקְּצוּ Lv 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁקֵּץ Dt 7:26;— 1. detest, c. acc. rei Dt 7:26 (Impf. + Inf. abs.; || תַּעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ), Lv 11:11, 13 (P); || בָּזָה ψ 22:25. 2. make detestable, obj. נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם ( = reflex.) Lv 11:43 (P), 20:25 (H).

†שִׁקּוּץ S TWOT GK, שִׁקֻּץ S TWOT GK n.m. Dn 11:31 detested thing;—abs. שִׁקּוּץ Dn 11:31; 12:11, cstr. שִׁקֻּץ 1 K 11:5 +; pl. שִׁקּוּצִים 2 Ch 15:8, שִׁקֻּצִים 2 K 23:24; cstr. שִׁקּוּצֵי Ez 20:7, 8; sf. שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם Je 16:18 +, etc.—detested thing, epith. of Isr. Ho 9:10 (si vera l.; not elsewhere bef. Dt); of filth Na 3:6; appar. of unclean food Zc 9:7 (as שֶׁקֶץ); of idols (often || תּוֹעֵבָה, גִּלּוּל, etc.), Dt 29:16 2 K 23:13, 24 Is 66:3 Je 4:1; 7:30 = 32:34, 13:27; 16:18 Ez 5:11; 7:20; 11:18, 21; 20:7, 8, 30; 37:23; of idolatrous practices Dn 9:27, but read prob. as 11:31 (so G Θ), and כַּנּוֹ for כנף (v. Dr); שׁ׳ (םְ)שֹׁמֵם 11:31; 12:11 detested thing causing horror is the heathen altar erected in temple by Ant. Epiph., with (prob.) a statue of Zeus Olympios = (Ph.) בעלשמם lord of heaven; the prophet puts שִׁקּוּץ for בעל, and (םְ)שֹׁמֵם) for שָׁמַיִם; cf. Nes ^{iv (1884), 248} Che ¹⁰⁵ Dr Dn.

†[שָׁקַק S TWOT GK^, ] vb. run, run about, rush (appar. akin to √ I. שׁוק, whence שׁוֹק);—Qal Impf. 3 mpl. בָּעִיר יָשֹׁקּוּ Jo 2:9, of locusts (|| יְרֻצוּן; > Gr proposes יִסְּקוּ from סלק); Pt. שֹׁקֵק Is 33:4, c. ב rei rush at, upon (like locusts); of roving, ranging bear Pr 28:15 (unless we read שַׁכּוּל); fig. of נֶפֶשׁ longing for water Is 29:8 (|| עָיֵף and, v a, רֵקָה), ψ 107:9 (|| רְעֵבָה). Hithpalp. Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּקְשְׁקוּן Na 2:5, of chariots, they rush to and fro.

†[מַשָּׁק S TWOT GK] n.[m.] running, rushing;—cstr. מַשַּׁק Is 33:4, of locusts.

שׁקר (√ of following; deceive; Aramaic שְׁקַר deceive, also n. deceit, ܫܰܩܰܪ (šaqar) Pa. deceive, and deriv.; Assyrian taškirtu (Dl-gir-] a lie, so NH שֶׁקֶר, Arabic سُقَرٌ (suqarun) and شُقَرٌ (šuqarun) (loan-word?)).

שֶׁ֫קֶר S TWOT GK₁₁₃ n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood;—שׁ׳ Ex 23:7 + 64 times; שָׁ֑קֶר Ex 5:9 + 42 times; pl. שְׁקָרִים ψ 101:7 + 3 times; sf. שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Je 23:32;— 1. deception,what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one: a molten image Je 10:14 = 51:17; gift Pr 25:14; grace of person 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳ ψ 119:104, 128; דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁ׳ v 29; בטח בשׁ׳ Je 13:25; נחל שׁ׳ 16:19, cf. also ψ 7:15; 33:17; 119:118 Is 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain 1 S 25:21 Je 3:23. 2. deceit, fraud, wrong: (ל)שׁ׳ עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Ho 7:1 Je 6:13; 8:9, 10; c. בְ, 2 S 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳ Pr 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳ Pr 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רַע שׁ׳ Is 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳ Je 8:8; ילד שׁ׳ ψ 7:15 (|| עמל); דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳ Je 9:2; בְּשׁ׳ 3:10 (|| בגד), adv. שׁקר fraudulently, wrongfully ψ 35:19; 38:20; 69:5; 119:78, 86. 3. injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts: עֵד שֶׁקֶר Ex 20:16 (E) Dt 19:18 ψ 27:12 Pr 6:19; 14:5; 25:18; עֵד שׁקרים 12:17; 19:5, 9; ענה שׁ׳ Dt 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳ Zc 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳ swear falsely Je 5:2 + 5 times; נשׁבע על שׁ׳ Lv 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳ Mi 6:12 + (v. [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵי שׁ׳ Is 32:7; שׁ׳ שׂפת(י) ψ 31:19; 120:2 Pr 10:18; 17:7; טפל שׁ׳ Jb 13:4 ψ 119:69, cf. v 163; abs. false! 2 K 9:12 Je 37:14. 4. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נבּא שׁ׳ prophesy falsely Je 14:14; 23:25, 26; 29:21; + ל pers. 27:10, 14, 16; נ׳ לַשּׁ׳ v 15; נ׳ בשׁ׳ 5:31; 20:6; 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳ Is 9:14 Hb 2:18; חזה שׁ׳ Zc 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Je 14:14, etc., ( + 12 times); רוּחַ שׁ׳ v. p. 925 b. 5. lie, falsehood, in gen.: דבר שּׁ׳ ψ 101:7 (|| רְמִיָּה); דְּבַר שׁ׳ Pr 13:5; of מִלִּים Jb 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳ false tongue Pr 6:17; 12:19; 21:6; 26:28; ψ 109:2; of lips Pr 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳ 17:4 liar.

†[שָׁקַר S TWOT GK] vb.denom. do or deal falsely;—Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּשְׁקֹר Gn 21:23 thou wilt not do falsely to me (לִי). Pi. Pf. 1 pl. שִׁקַּ֫רְנוּ ψ 44:18; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁקֵּר 1 S 15:29; 3 mpl. יְשַׁקֵּ֑רוּ Is 63:8, etc.;—deal falsely 1 S 15:29 Is 63:8, c. ב pers. Lv 19:11 (|| כחשׁ); c. ב rei ψ 44:18; 89:34.

שֹׁקֶת S TWOT GK, שִׁקֲתוֹת v. שׁקה.

שֹׁר S^, TWOT GK v. שׁרר.

שַׁרְאֶ֫צֶר n.pr.m. v. שַׂרְאֶ֫צֶר.

שׁרב TWOT (√ of foll., parch; NH שָׁרַב be scorched (by sun), שָׁרָב parching heat (of sun); Ecclus 43:22 דשן שרב parched grass; Aramaic שְׁרַב, שְׁרֵיב, ܫܪܰܒ, ܫܪܶܒ (šrab, šreb) be parched, שְׁרַב heat, drought: cf. prob. also Assyrian n.pr. div. Šarrabu (-pu) Zim^{, 415}; > cp. Arabic سَرَابٌ (sarābun) mirage (Rob ^{i. 42}] Ges Is 35, 7 al.; see against this especially Che^{Introd. Is. 269}).

†שָׁרָב S TWOT GK n.m. 1. burning heat; 2. parched ground;—only abs.: וְלֹא יַכֵּם שׁ׳ וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ Is 49:10; of ground, הַשּׁ׳ Is 35:7 (|| צִמָּאוֹן).

†שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה S GK n.pr.m. a Levite with Ezra (? י׳ hath sent burning heat; or cp. Syriac ܫܪܒ (šrb) Pa. propagavit);—Σαραβια(ς): Ezr 8:18, 24 Ne 8:7; 9:4, 5; 10:13; 12:8, 24.

שַׁרְבִֿיט S TWOT GK v. שׁבט.

I. [שָׁרָה S^{, , , ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, , ,} ] vb. let loose (NH id., dissolve; Assyrian šarû, Pi. open (building, for use), dedicate it; tašr̂tu, dedication; Old Aramaic שרה loose, so Aramaic שְׁרָא, ܫܪܳܐ (šro); Ethiopic ሰረየ (saraya) remit, condone);—Qal Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁרֵ֫הוּ Jb 37:3 he (God) lets it loose (i.e. the thunder). Pi. Pf. 1 s. sf. שֵׁרִיתִ֫ךָ Je 15:11 Qr I will set thee free (cf. 40:4 T S), but dub.; Kt שרותך (i.e. שָׁרוֹתִךָ, √ שׁרר), Thes Gie I vex thee [שַׁרַר = צָרַר, very dub.]; Ew al. RV strengthen thee; this yields best sense, but as Aramaic שׁרר is intrans., read then שֵׁרַרְתִּךָ or הֲשֵׁרוֹתִךָ, Dr; Jerome Rabb read שֵׁרִיתְךָ = שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ thy remnant (AV).

II. שׁרה TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ثَرَى (ṯarā) be moist; Aramaic תְּרָא, ܬܪܳܐ (tro) id.; ܬܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ (teryono) 2 NH שָׁרָא soften, dissolve; whence foll. proposes = moisture (Di Nu Dr ¹⁷⁸ Paterson Nu Gray Nu), and so Assyrian mešru, succulence (Hpt ^Paterson Nu)).

†[מִשְׁרָה S TWOT GK] n.f. juice;—cstr. מִשְׁרַת עֲנָבִים Nu 6:3 (P) the juice of grapes ( + יַיִן, שֵׁכָר).

III. שׁרה TWOT^{, ,} (√ of following; cf. Arabic سِرْوَةٌ, سِرْيَةٌ (sirwatun, siryatun) short dart).

†שִׁרְיָה S TWOT^, GK n.f. a weapon, perhaps lance, javelin;—שׁ׳ Jb 41:18 ( + חֶרֶב, חֲנִּית, מַסָּע),—yet G θώρακα, B thorax, i.e. שִׁרְיוֹן.

IV. שׁרה TWOT^{, ,} (√ of foll.; meaning dub.; cf. Assyrian siriyâm, 6 (Inscr. of Sennach.), Aramaic ܫܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ (šeryono) id.; Ecclus 43:20 id.; also Egypt. ṯu-ï̥ra-nḁ, tà-ra-y-na, WMM ¹⁰²).

†שִׁרְיוֹן S TWOT GK^, , שִׁרְיָ֑ן n.[m.] body-armour;—abs. שִׁרְיוֹן 1 S 17:5, 38; שִׁרְיָ֑ן (Ges ^{29 u}) 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, שִׁרְיָ֔ן Is 59:17; pl. שִׁרְיֹנִים Ne 4:10, שִׁרְיֹנוֹת 2 Ch 26:14;—10, perhaps more exactly 10, Ne 4:10; with appendages (הַדָּבָקִים) 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33; c. vb. לבשׁ 1 S 17:5, made of scale-like plates (קַשְׂקַשִּׂים) of bronze v 5, named with helmet here, so v 38 2 Ch 26:14 and (fig.) Is 59:17.—שׁ׳ n.pr. v. שׂריון.

[שֵׁרָה S TWOT GK] bracelet, v. שׁרר.

†שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן S GK n.pr.loc. in Simeon;—Jos 19:6 (G οἱ ἀγροὶ αὐτῶν,? reading שְׂדֵיַהֶן); WMM ^{161, 168} ident. with Egypt. Ša-r(a)-ḥa-na; v. שַׁעֲרַיִם.

שָׁרוֹן S GK n.pr.loc.

שָׁרוֹנִי S GK adj.gent. (†1 Ch 27:29) v. ישׁר.

שׁרות Je 15:11 v. I. שׁרה;

שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Je 5:10 v. ii. שׁוּר, שׁוּרָה.

שָׁרוֹתַיִךְ Ez 27:25 v. I. [שׁוּר].

שִׁרְטַי S GK 1 Ch 27:29 Qr, v. שִׁטְרַי.

†שָׁרָ֑י n.pr.m. one with foreign wife Ezr 10:40; Σαριου, א Σαρουε, GL Σαρουα.

שִׁרְיָה S TWOT^, GK v. III. שׁרה.

שִׁרְיוֹן S TWOT GK^, v. IV. שׁרה.

שֵׁרִית v. שְׁאֵרִית.

שֵׁרִיתִךָ Je 15:11 v. I. שׁרה.

שְׁרֵמוֹת S TWOT GK v. [שְׁדֵמָה] sub שׁדם.

שִׁרְיָ֑ן v. שִׁרְיוֹן sub IV. שׁרה.

†שָׁרַץ S TWOT GK vb. swarm, teem (NH id.; Aramaic ܫܪܰܨ (šraṣ) crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ (šerṣo) = שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְצָא (rare); Ethiopic ሠረጸ (šaraṣa) germinate, sprout);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ ψ 105:30, שָֽׁרְצוּ Gn 1:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹץ Ez 47:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁרְצוּ Gn 9:7; Pt. הַשֹּׁרֵץ 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫צֶת Lv 11:46; Hex mostly P:— 1. swarm, teem with (acc. animal), subj. water Gn 1:20, 21, cf. Ex 7:28 (J), land ψ 105:30. 2. swarm, subj. animal Gn 8:17 ( + פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ez 47:9, הַשֹּׁרֵץ Gn 7:21 Lv 11:29 (P). 41, 42, 46 (J) (all עַל־הָאָרֶץ), v 43; subj. men Gn 9:7 ( + פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ex 1:7 (id., + עָצַם).

†שֶׁ֫רֶץ S TWOT GK n.m. Gn 7, 21 coll. swarmers, swarming things;—שׁ׳ abs. Lv 11:29 +, שָׁ֑רֶץ v 31; cstr. v 20 +;—swarming things (H D and P), aquatic Gn 1:20 Lv 11:10; small reptiles and quadrupeds Gn 7:21 ( + עוֹף, בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה), Lv 5:2 ( + חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה), 11:29 (weasel, mouse, lizard), v 31, 41, 42, 43 (c. cogn. שָׁרַץ) v 44, cf. 22:5; insects, שׁ׳ הָעוֹף Dt 14:19, + הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Lv 11:20, 21, cf. v 23. Cf. Dr ^{i. 518}.

†שָׁרַק S TWOT GK vb. hiss, perhaps also whistle, pipe (NH id., hiss (dub.), Aramaic שְׁרֵיק id. T Lv 2:15, 16, ܫܪܳܩ (šroq) id.;—from שׁ׳ comes Gk. σῦριγξ according to Lag ^{Abh GGW xxvi. 38} Lewy ¹⁶⁵);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Is 5:26, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹק Is 7:18 + (Jb 27:23 read יִשְׁרְקוּ Me Bi Siegf Bu); 1 s. אֶשְׁרְקָה Zc 10:8;—hiss, as signal, ל pers., fig., י׳ subj.: Is 5:26; 7:18 Zc 10:1; in derision, עַל civitat., etc. (often + שָׁמֵם be astounded), Je 19:8; 49:17; 50:13 La 2:15 ( + הֵנִיעַ רֹאשׁ), Ez 27:36; abs. Zp 2:15 La 2:16 1 K 9:8 ( + חָרַק שֵׁן); עַל pers. Jb 27:23 (c. מִן loc.).

†שְׁרֵקָה S TWOT GK^, n.f. (object of derisive) hissing;—always abs. שׁ׳, and always + שַׁמָּה: Je 19:8; 25:9, 18 ( + חָרְבָּה, קְלָלָה), 29:18 ( + אָלָה, חֶרְפָּה), 51:37 Mi 6:16 ( + חֶרְפָּה), 2 Ch 29:8.

†[שְׁרִיקָה S TWOT GK] n.[f.] hissing, perhaps also whistling, piping;—pl. abs. (intens.) שְׁרִיקֹת Je 18:16 Qr hissing, in derision, + שַׁמָּה (v. שְׁרֵקָה), Kt שרוקת; cstr. שְׁרִקוֹת עֲדָרִים Ju 5:16 as signal hissings (or whistlings, pipings) for flocks.

שׁרר S TWOT GK (√ of [שָׁרִיר], שְׁרִירוּת, and perhaps of other words following; Old Aramaic שרר be firm, sound, Aramaic שְׁרַר be firm, hard, ܫܰܪ (šar) be firm, consistent, substantial, truthful, ܐܰܫܰܪ (˒ašar) strengthen, confirm; Aramaic and NH שָׁרִיר firm, hard; ܫܰܪܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ (šariruto) firmness, strength, constancy).

†[שֹׁר S^, TWOT GK] n.[m.] navel-string (cf. Aramaic שׁוּרָא Ez 16:4 T, ܫܶܪܳܐ (šero), Arabic سُرٌّ (surrun), all id.);—sf. לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Ez 16:4 (Ges ^{22 s} Kö ^{ii. 1. 45}) 3 questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Pr 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, || עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; G τῷ σώματί σου, cf. S, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ew Hi Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Ct 7:3 (G ὀμφαλός σου; || בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Thes al.; now often interpreted as = vulua, cf. Arabic سِرٌّ (sirrun) secret part, Hi Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Thes, but Arabism dub., v. Bu.

†[שֵׁרָה S TWOT GK] n.[f.] bracelet (Aramaic שֵׁירָא id., ܫܺܐܪܳܐ (širo) chain, Gn 24:22 S T: Arabic سِوَارٌ (siwārun) bracelet, Qor 18:30 [Frä ⁵⁶] is said by Lane ¹⁴⁶⁵ to be from the Persian, and, if Sem., would be from √ سور (swr));—pl. abs. הַשֵּׁרוֹת Is 3:19 (in list of finery).

†שָׁרָר S GK n.pr.m. 2 S 23:33 = ii. שָׂכָר, q.v.

†[שָׁרִיר S TWOT GK] n.[m.] sinew, muscle (so context suggests);—pl. cstr. אוֹנוֹ בִּשְׁרִירֵי בִטְנוֹ Jb 40:16 (|| כֹּחוֹ בְמָתְנָיו).

†שְׁרִירוּת S TWOT GK, usually שְׁרִרוּת S TWOT GK n.f. firmness, always = stubborness; only cstr. שׁ׳, sq. לֵב: Je 9:13; 13:10; 23:17 Dt 29:18 ψ 81:13 (שְׁרִירוּת); שׁ׳ לִבָּם הָרָע Je 3:17; 7:24; 11:8 (שְׁרִי׳), so (לִבּוֹ) 16:12; 18:12.

[שַׁרְשָׁה S TWOT] Ex 28:22 v. following.

†[שַׁרְשְׁרָה S^, TWOT GK^, ] n.f. (in spite of foll. sf. masc. Ex 28:14, Ges ^{135 o} Albr ^{xv (1895), 316, xvi (1896), 96}) chain (Assyrian šaršarratu, chain, fetter; Mishn. שַׁרְשָׁרוֹת, Talm שַׁרְשׁוּרָא, Syriac ܫܺܝܫܽܘܪܳܐ (šišuro), chain or rope of fibres of palm-leaves, etc., NH שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת chain, T שֵׁישְׁלָא, Syriac ܫܺܝܫܠܴܐ (šišlo) [whence Arabic سِلْسِلَةٌ (silsilatun), v. Ethiopic ሰንሰል (sansal)], (connex. with שַׁר׳ denied by Nö^{BSSW 56 Anm. 9}));—pl. שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת, abs. 1 K 7:17 +, -רֹת abs. 2 Ch 3:15, cstr. Ex 28:14 +, שַׁרְשֹׁת v 22 (either abbrev. or textual error);—chains of wreathen work of gold, attached to ephod Ex 28:14⁽⁾, 22; 39:15; ornaments on pillars at porch of temple 1 K 7:17 (גְּדִלִים מַעֲשֵׂה שׁ׳), || 2 Ch 3:5, 16⁽⁾.

שׁרשׁ (appar. √ of foll.; Di Jb 40, 16 Buhl al. think = שׁרשׁר, √ שׁרר, cf. שֹׁר, etc., Ethiopic ሥrው (šərw) nerve, muscle, whence שֹׁרֶשׁ as root-fibre, but word very ancient, and this der. quite unproven; < Schwally ^{lii (1898), 140 f.} cp. Arabic شَرْسٌ (šarsun) (ش (š) by dissimilation), 5, شَرْسٌ (šarsun) hard, rough, rugged (of ground), شَرِسَ (šarisa) ill-natured, cross; hence שֹׁרֶשׁ, from tough, gnarled root-fibres; NH and Ph. שרש, Assyrian šuršu, all root, Sab. שרס (v. Arabic supr.) root, foundation Hom ¹²⁴, אשרס foundation DHM ^{xxix (1875), 606; xxxvii (1883), 415}; Aramaic שׁוֹרְשָׁא, ܫܶܪܫܳܐ (šeršo) root).

†שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ S^, TWOT^, GK n.m. Dt 29:17 root;—שׁ׳ abs. Dt 29:17 +, cstr. Is 11:10 +; sf. שָׁרְשִׁי Jb 29:19, etc.; pl. cstr. שָׁרְשֵׁי 13:27 (v. infr.) 36:30, sf. שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Am 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ez 17:7 +;— 1. root of people under fig. of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Am 2:9 Ho 9:16; 14:6 Is 14:30 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31;—שָׁרְשָׁם Ju 5:14 is prob. corrupt, v. GFM;—so of pers. (cf. Ph., Eshmunazar ¹¹ GACooke ^{pp. 30, 36}) Is 5:24 Mal 3:19 Jb 8:17; 18:16; 29:19 Pr 12:3, 12; = stock, family Is 11:1, 10 Dn 11:7, cf. (of serpent) Is 14:29; = source or cause Dt 29:17, שׁ׳ דָּבָר Jb 19:28. 2. lit root of tree or shrub Je 17:8 (sim.), Ez 31:7 (metaph. of people), Is 53:2 (sim.), Jb 14:8; 30:4; of vine (metaph. of people) Ez 17:6, 7, 9⁽⁾ ψ 80:10 (acc. cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.). 3. root, fig. = lowest stratum, of mt. Jb 28:9, of sea 36:30 = bottom (text strange and dub.: Du רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵדוֹ in v a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי 13:27, i.e. soles Ew Di De Da al. (elsewhere כַּף), Bu place of treading, footholds; Du (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.

†[שָׁרַשׁ S TWOT GK] vb. denom. Pi. = deal with the roots;— 1. root up, out: Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ ψ 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: Impf. 3 fs. תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Jb 31:12 fire (fig.) roots at all my increase. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ 31:8 be rooted up (of produce). 2. Po˓ēl take root, establish oneself firmly: Pf. 3 ms. שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Is 40:24 (fig. of princes, etc.). Po˓al id.: Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Je 12:2 (fig. of wicked). Hiph. id.: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁרֵשׁ Is 27:6 (fig. of Isr.); 3 fs. וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ ψ 80:10 (id.; c. acc. cogn.); Pt. מַשְׁרִישׁ Jb 5:3 (fig. of pers.).

†שָׁ֑רֶשׁ n.pr.m. in Manasseh (cf. Old Aramaic n.pr. שרש Lzb ³⁸³);—1 Ch 7:16; Σο[υ]ρος; GL Φορος.

[שַׁרְשָׁה S TWOT], [שַׁרְשְׁרָה S^, TWOT GK^, v. שׁרר.

[שָׁרַת S TWOT GK]₉₇ vb. Pi. minister, serve (cf. NH שֵׁרוּת (temple-) ministry, Ph. משרת ministry, and perhaps vb. שרת minister);—Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שֵׁרֵת Nu 8:26 Dt 18:7; 3 mpl. שֵׁרְתוּ Nu 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Gn 39:4, 3 mpl. יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Nu 3:31 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁרֵת Ex 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Dt 17:12, etc.; Pt. מְשָׁרֵת Nu 11:28 + (2 S 13:9 v. מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602a), f. מְשָׁרַת 1 K 1:15; etc.;—serve: 1. of ministerial service (opp. menial, עבד): a. higher domestic service: Joseph Gn 39:4; 40:4 (JE), Elisha’s chief servant 2 K 4:43; 6:15, royal domestics 2 S 13:17, 18 1 K 10:5 2 Ch 9:4 Est 2:2; 6:3, Abishag 1 K 1:4, 15. b. of royal officers (late) 1 Ch 27:1; 28:1 2 Ch 17:19; 22:8 Est 1:10 Pr 29:12. c. Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Ex 24:13; 13:11 (E), Nu 11:28 (J), Jos 1:1 (D), Elisha to Elijah 1 K 19:21, d. of angels to י׳ ψ 103:21, cf. 104:4. e. of kings of nations in proph. Is 60:10. 2. usually of special service in worship: a. of Levit. priests, abs. 1 K 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:14; c. acc. י׳ Dt 10:8; 17:12; 21:5 Je 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v 22; also Is 60:7 of animals put fig. for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Is 61:6, cf. 56:6; so prob. Samuel conceived as priest 1 S 2:11; 3:1, את פני י׳ 2:18 (פני prob. acc., cf. G τῷ προσώπῳ v 11), שׁ׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Dt 18:5, 7. b. Levites (P, and late); c. acc. of Aaronic priests Nu 3:6; 8:26; 18:2, c. acc. of י׳ 1 Ch 15:2 2 Ch 29:11a; prob. also in ref. to Lev. singer ψ 101:6; c. acc. tabern. Nu 1:50 (P), congregation 16:9 (P), people Ez 44:11 + v 12 (of idolatry); abs. 1 Ch 16:4 2 Ch 23:6; 29:11b 31:2 Ezr 8:17 (pt. as subst., ministers); שׁ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳ 1 Ch 16:37, שׁ׳ נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 Ch 8:14; שׁ׳ c. ב loc. 1 Ch 26:12; especially c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Nu 3:31; 4:9, 12, 14 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר 1 Ch 6:17. c. Zadokite priests (Ez), abs. Ez 42:14; 44:17, 19, 27, c. acc. י׳ 40:46; 43:19; 44:15, 16; 45:4, cstr. מְשָׁרֲתֵי before place 45:4, 5; 46:24. d. Aaronic priests, abs. Ex 28:35 + 4 times P; c. acc. י׳ 1 Ch 23:13; לי׳ 2 Ch 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳ Jo 1:9, 13; 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Jo 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Ex 28:43 + 4 times P e. of idolatry, c. acc. עץ ואבן Ez 20:32.

†שָׁרֵת S TWOT GK n.m. religious ministry;—כְּלֵי הַשּׁ׳ vessels of m. in tabern. Nu 4:12, temple 2 Ch 24:14.

[שָׁשָׂה] v. [שׁסה] Pō˓.

i. שֵׁשׁ S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} six, v. שׁדשׁ.

ii. שֵׁשׁ S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} v. שַׁיִשׁ.

†iii.שֵׁשׁ S^, TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} n.m. Ex 26, 1 byssus (loan-wd. prob. from Egyptian šen-suten Reinisch ap. DHM ^{viii (1894), 7} Copt. šens, cf. Copt. šent, weave; v. M˓LeanEncy. Bib. linen; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman ^{Aegypten 594 ff.; 448 f.});—always abs. שׁ׳ (שׁשׁי Ez 16:13 is error):—byssus, fine Egyptian linen (בּוּץ, q.v., is later synon.), i.e. the linen thread (spun by women Ex 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Gn 41:42 (E), Ez 16:10, 13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Pr 31:22; for sail (in fig. of Tyre as ship) Ez 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Ex 28:5, 39⁽⁾; 39:3, 27, 28⁽⁾; also שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר twisted linen 28:6, 8, 15; 39:2, 5, 8, 28, 29 + v 24 (read וְשֵׁשׁ מ׳ Sam. G Bae); שׁ׳ of hangings, etc., in tabern. 25:4; 35:6, 23, 25, 35; 38:23, and so שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר 26:1, 31, 36; 27:9, 16, 18; 36:8, 35, 37; 38:9, 16, 18.

†[שִׁשֵּׁא S TWOT GK] vb. intens. appar. lead on; so Vrss and context; Pf. 1 s. sf. וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִיךָ Ez 39:2 consec., I (י׳) will lead thee on (acc. of Gog) (from Pilp. from assumed √ שׁאא Ol ²⁵³ Sta^{§ 112 a Anm. 2; 464} Hi-Sm Krae Berthol).

†שֶׁשְׁבַּצַּר (Baer Gi; שֵׁשׁ׳ van d. H.) n.pr.m. prince of Judah, leader of returning exiles Ezr 1:8, 11 (cf. Biblical Aramaic 5:14, 16); Σαβανασαρ, A Σασαβασσαρος, GL Σαβασαρης; in 1 Esdr Σαναμασσαρος, etc. (prob. = Šamaš-bal-uṣur or Sin-bal-uṣur Mey ^{75 ff., 193} Selbie ^{s. v.} Che ^{s. v.} Berthol Ezr 1, 8 and reff.);—long identified with Zerub., so BeRy Ryle, but improbable, v. Sm ¹⁹ Kosters ^{32 f.} Mey ; Mey ⁷⁷ al. identify with שֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר 1 Ch 3:18 (against this Now Hg 1, 1, yet v. Berthol).

[שִׁשָּׁה S TWOT GK] v. i. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ.

†שָׁשַׁי S GK n.pr.m. Jew with foreign wife Ezr 10:40; Σες(ε)ει.

†שֵׁשַׁי S GK n.pr.m. a son of Anaḳ (Aramaic form, cf. GFM Ju);—Nu 13;22 Jos 15:14 (both JE), Ju 1:10; Σες(ς)ει, Σουσαι, Σουσει.

שִׁשִּׁי S TWOT GK, שִׁשִּׁים S TWOT GK, שִׁשִּׁית v. i. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ.

†שֵׁשַׁךְ S TWOT GK n.pr. terr. = בָּבֶל (Jer Rabb. and mod.; by Atbaš (את׳בש׳) v. improb.), late Bab. Šešku, name of Babylon (Delitzsch ^{Paradies 215});—Je 51:41 and hence (perhaps gloss) 25:26 (v. Gie).

†שֵׁשָׁן S GK n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 2:31⁽⁾ (with one son), v 34⁽⁾, 35 (no sons, but daughters, cf. Benz Kit); Σωσαν[μ], GL Σισαν.

†שָׁשָׁק S GK (Baer Gi; van d. H. שָׁשַׁק, שָׁשָׁ֑ק) n.pr.m. in Benjamin, 1 Ch 8:14, 25; Σωκηλ, Σωιηκ, A Σωσηκ, GL Σισαχ (according to Simon. (Thes) = שַׁקְשַׁק one longed for (√ שׁקק)).

†[שָׁשֵׁר S TWOT GK] n.[m.] red colour, vermilion (etym. unknown);—vermilion, formerly gained from kermes insect (vermiculus): מָשׁוֹחַ בַּשָּׁשַׁ֑ר Je 22:14 (G μίλτος, red ochre; B sinopis [from city Sinopis, whence the colour came Plin ^{xxxv. [6] 13}], cf. Thatcher ^colours Canney ¹ ); חֲקֻקִים בַּשָּׁשַׁ֑ר Ez 23:14.

[שָׁת S TWOT GK], i. שֵׁת S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, v. שׁית.

ii. שֵׁת S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, v. שֵׁאת sub I. [שׁאה].

iii. שֵׁת S^{, , ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^, v. II. שׁתה.

I. שָׁתָה S^, TWOT^, GK^, ₂₁₇ vb. drink (NH id.; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic ሰትየ (satya) Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [[ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܻܝ ([št˒], ˒ešti)]; Sab. שתי DHM ^{xxxvii (1883), 403} Hom ¹²⁴);—Qal₂₁₆ Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ex 34:28 +, 1 s. שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1 S 15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתֶּה Gn 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1 K 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Gn 9:21 +; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ 1 K 13:18; 3 fs. וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Nu 20:11; 2 ms. apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Ju 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ 1 K 13:22; 1 s. וָאֵשְׁתְּ Gn 24:46; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן ψ 78:44, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁתֵה Gn 24:14 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁתֹה Is 21:5 Je 49:12 (in 1 S 1:9 after prep., anom., Ges ^{113 e}, om. G Th We Dr and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Je 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Is 22:13 (Ges ^{75 n}); cstr. שְׁתוֹ †Pr 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Je 35:8, 14, לִשְׁתֹּת Gn 24:19 +, sf. שְׁתוֹתוֹ 1 K 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Is 51:22 etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁתֶה Is 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Jb 6:4, etc.;— 1. a. of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Ex 34:28 (JE), cf. 15:24 (J), 1 S 30:12 Am 2:8; 4:8; 5:11 Is 5:22; 62:8, 9 Pr 31:4, Ju 13:4, 7, 14 + often (2 times JE; 6 times D); by measure (short allowance) Ez 4:11, 16; milk †Ez 25:4, cf. Ct 5:1; blood 1 Ch 11:19 (fig. of water gained by hazard); fig. חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Jb 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳] my spirit drinks up; acc. + מִן of source †Ex 7:18 (J), v 21 (E), 15:23 (J), Pr 5:15 (fig.); acc. (of wine, water, etc.) om. Gn 24:14⁽⁾; 27:25; 43:34 (all J) + 11 times J, Ex 7:24; 17:6 (E), Nu 20:5 (JE), v 11; 33:14 (P), Ju 15:19 + often; acc. שׁין †2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Ne 8:10; abs. Ec 2:24 +; + מִן of source 1 K 17:4, 6 ψ 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ 2 S 12:3; שׁ׳ בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן † Am 6:6, cf. Gn 44:5; שׁ׳ בְּיַיִן †Pr 9:5; c. מִן partit. Gn 9:21 Ex 7:24 Ru 2:9, also (fig.) Je 51:7 (and Jb 21:20 infra). †b. pt. as subst. שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ez 31:14, 16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Jo 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר ψ 69:13. c. drink wine in sacrificial feast Dt 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim ψ 50:13 (fig. of י׳). d. subj. animals Nu 20:19 Jon 3:7 (both + men), also (fig.) Ez 34:18, 19; acc. (water) om. Gn 24:19, 22; 30:38⁽⁾. e. fig. of drinking cup of י׳’s wrath, שׁ׳ אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Is 51:17 ( + מִיַּד י׳), cf. v 17, v 22, v. also Ez 23:32, 34 and (acc. om.) Je 25:16, 26, 27 + 8 times Je, Hb 2:16; abs. Ob 16⁽⁾; acc. שְׁמָרִים ψ 75:9; שׁ׳ מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Jb 21:20. †f. drink blood, fig. of slaughter, Nu 23:24 (JE; of lion, metaph. of Isr.), Zc 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ G ^Codd. Sta Now Marti); so (blood of י׳’s sacrifice) Ez 39:17, 18, 19. g. fig. of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Pr 4:17 (|| לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע; these are their food and drink), cf. Jb 15:16; 34:7, but Pr 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (cf. De Toy). † 2. late, = feast Est 3:15; 7:1 (cf. מִשְׁתֶּה). †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁתֶה Lv 11:34 (P) all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Pr 27:15 v. I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink v. שׁקה.

†i. שְׁתִי S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] drinking, drinking-bout;—Ec 10:17.

†שְׁתִיָּה S TWOT GK n.f. drinking (mode or amount) Est 1:8.

מִשְׁתֶּה S TWOT GK₄₅ n.m. Gn 21:8 1. feast; 2. drink;—abs. מ׳ Gn 19:3 +; cstr. מִשְׁתֵּה 1 S 25:36 +; sf. מִשְׁתָּיו Dn 1:5 + (Ges ^{93 ss}), etc.;— 1.