ז

ז, Zâyin, seventh letter; used as numeral 7 in modern Heb.; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

זאב S TWOT GK (√ of foll.; according to Fl ^{Bericht d. sächs. G. d. W. i. (1846–47) 430 f. Kleinere Schriften iii. 212 f.} i.q. Arabic ذَأَبَ (ḏa˒aba) drive away, and despise, drive or frighten away, whence ذَىْٔبٌ (ḏa˒bun), ܕܺܐܒܳܐ (dibo), זְאֵב wolf, as driven or chased away; cf. Hom ³⁰⁴ MV al.)

†i. זְאֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.m. Is 11:6 wolf (NH id., Arabic ذَىْٔبٌ (ḏa˒bun) (jackal according to Hom ^{303 ff.}; but see RS ^{1880, 373} and Doughty ^{i. 327; ii, 144, 145}) Aramaic דֵּיבָה, ܕܺܐܒܳܐ (dibo), Assyrian zîbu Dl ⁴⁷; Ethiopic ዝእብ (zə˒b) hyena Di¹⁰⁵⁶ (on format. cf. Lag ⁵⁸); Ph. in cpd.n.pr. זיבקם)—זְאֵב abs. Gn 49:27 + 2 times; cstr. Je 5:6; pl. זְאֵבִים Ez 22:27; cstr. זְאֵבֵי Hb 1:8 Zp 3:3;—wolf, never in narrative; in predictions of peace in Messian. age וְגָר זְאֵב עִם כֶּבֶשׂ Is 11:6 זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ כְּאֶחָד Is 65:25; in simile, of Benjamin’s fierceness ב׳ זְאֵב יִטְרָ֑ף Gn 49:27; of fierce horses of Chaldeans חַדּוּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Hb 1:8 (|| קַלּוּ מִנְּמֵרִים); of princes of Judah כִּזְאֵבִים טֹרְפֵי טָ֑רֶף Ez 22:27; metaph. of enemies of Judah Je 5:6 זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת (|| אַרְיֵה, נָמֵר); of corrupt and oppressive judges שֹׁפְטֶיהָ זְאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Zp 3:3 (|| אֲרָיוֹת שֹׁאֲגִים).

†ii. זְאֵב S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.pr.m. (wolf)—a prince of Midian, Ju 7:25⁽⁾; 8:3 ψ 83:12; also in n.pr.loc. יֶקֶב־זְאֵב Ju 7:25 2.

זֹאת S TWOT GK pron.f. v. זֶה.

זבב TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic ذَبَّ (ḏabba) go hither and thither (of a man); ذَبْذَبَ (ḏabḏaba) make to dangle, or move to and fro, of a thing suspended in the air; but in this sense perhaps denom.)

†זְבוּב S TWOT GK n.m. Ec 10:1 fly (as moving to and fro in the air? cf. Fl NHWB ^{i. 438 b}; NH id., Assyrian zumbu, Dl ^{63 f.}; Arabic دُبَابٌ (dubābun), Aramaic דִּיבָבָא, ܕܶܒܳܐ, ܕܶܒܳܒܳܐ (debo, debobo));—lit. only זְבוּבֵי מָוֶת Ec 10:1 i.e. dead flies; so AV RV Hi Now al.; > G De al. 2 זְבוּב metaph. of Egyptian army Is 7:18 (|| דְּבוֹרָה, bee, of Assyrian); on בַּעַל זְבוּב v. בַּעַל II. 4, p. 127 supr.

†זַבַּי S GK n.pr.m. (Palm. זבי Vog ²⁸ (but this perhaps = loricatus, cf. ܙܰܒܳܐ (zabo) lorica); on Palm. זבי (prob. abbrev. from זבד …), v. Lzb ²⁶⁵ Cooke ^{273, 291}. connex. with above √ uncertain)—Jew in Ezra’s time Ezr 10:28; G Ζαβου(θ); cf. also Ne 3:20 Kt (G Ζαβου etc., but Qr זַכַּי v. זַכָּ֑י Ezr 2:9 = Ne 7:14).

†[זָבַד S TWOT GK] vb. bestow upon, endow with (Arabic زَبَدَ (zabada); Aramaic זְבַד, ܙܒܰܕ (zbad) †Gn 30:20, ܙܶܒܕܳܐ (zebdo) dowry; in Sab. n.pr., v. sub זָבָד infr.; also in Palm. n.pr. נבוזבד Vog ⁷³ and many others (זבד, זבדא, זבידא, זבדעתא, זבדבל = Ζαβδιβηλος, etc.) : see Euting^{Sechs aus Idalien p. 15}), זְבָדַנִי אלהים אֹתִי זֶבֶד טוֹב Gn 30:20a (E), appar. in expl. of name Zebulun, cf. Thes Di; another expl. in v b, v. sub זבל.

†זֶ֫בֶד S TWOT GK (זֵ K³) n.m. endowment, gift, Gn 30:20a of. foregoing.

†זָבָד S GK n.pr.m. (he hath given, or a gift; cf. Sab. n.pr. זבדם Hal ¹⁶⁸ DHM ^{1883, 15}, זביד DHM ⁵⁰ = زُبَيْد (zubayd); also NH n.pr. זביד)— 1. a descendant of Judah 1 Ch 2:36, 37. 2. an Ephraimite 1 Ch 7:21. 3. one of David’s valiant men 1 Ch 11:41. 4. one of the murderers of Joash of Judah 2 Ch 24:26 (G Ζαβελ, Ζαβεθ, Ζαβαθ), called יוֹזָכָר (q.v. sub הוה, יהוה) 2 K 12:22. 5. name of three returned exiles who had taken strange wives: a. Ezr 10:27; b. v 33; c. v 43.

†זָבוּד S GK n.pr.m. (bestowed) an officer of Solomon 1 K 4:5.

†זבוד n.pr.m. a returned exile Ezr 8:14 Kt; Qr זַכּוּר, q.v. (B om.; A Ζαβουδ, i.e. זָבוּד; GL Ζακχουρ).

†זבידה Kt, זְבוּדָּה S GK Qr, n.pr.f. mother of Jehoiakim 2 K 23:36 זְביּדָּ֯ה בַת־פּדָיָה מִן־רוּמָה; (|| 2 Ch 36:5 om. MT); quite otherwise GB Ἰελλα, daughter of Ἐδειλ; in A the names are Εἰελδαφ & Εἰεδδιλα; G 2 Ch 36:5 Ζε(κ)χωρα & Νηρειου; GL (K & Ch) Ἀμιταλ & Ἰερεμιου (confusion with Zedekiah’s mother 24:18).

†זַבְדִּי S GK n.pr.m. (cf. Arabic زَبْدٌ (zabdun) gift;? gift of י׳, vid. Dr ^{i. 5 & reff.}; perhaps my gift, gift to me: cf. זַבְדִּיאֵל; in NH n.pr. זבדי (זַבְדִּי or זַבְדַּי?) NT Ζεβεδαῖος, e.g. Mk 1:9, S ܙܰܒܕܰܝ (zabday), Zebedee)— 1. grandfather of Achan, of Judah (G Ζαμβρ(ε)ι etc., GL Ζαβδ(ε)ι) Jos 7:1 (app. = זִמְרִי 1 Ch 2:6, G Ζαμβρ(ε)ι) v 17, 18. 2. a Benjamite 1 Ch 8:19. 3. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:27. 4. a Levite Ne 11:17 (om. B; A Ζεχρι, GL Ζεχρει) prob. read זִכְרִי, as || 1 Ch 9:15.

†זַבְדִּיאֵל S GK n.pr.m. (my gift is God)— 1. father of one of David’s officers 1 Ch 27:2. 2. a prominent Hebrew in Nehemiah’s time Ne 11:14.

זְבַדְיָהוּ S GK, זְבַדְיָה S GK n.pr.m. (י׳ hath bestowed, cf. יְהוֹזָבָד, & reff., also זַבְדִּיאֵל supr.)—זְבַדְיָהוּ 1. Levites, a. 1 Ch 26:2; b. 2 Ch 17:8. 2. an officer of Jehoshaphat 2 Ch 19:11. זְבַדְיָה 3. Benjamites, a. 1 Ch 8:15; b. 1 Ch 8:17. 4. one of David’s men 1 Ch 12:8. 5. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:7. 6. a returning exile Ezr 8:8. 7. one of priestly house Ezr 10:20.

זָבַח S TWOT GK₁₃₄ vb. slaughter for sacrifice (NH id., Ph. זבח; Assyrian zibû Dl ¹⁷⁴ cf. Lotz ¹⁷⁴; Arabic ذَبَحَ (ḏabaḥa), Sab. דֿבח CIS ^{iv. 1, 2, ; 74 l. 11, 12}; Aramaic דְּבַח, ܕܒܰܚ (dbaḥ), Ethiopic ዘብሐ (zabḥa)) Qal₁₁₂ Pf. ז׳ 1 K 8:63; 13:2, זָבַחְתָּ Ex 20:24 + 3 times, זָבַחְתִּי Ez 39:19, זָֽבְחו Ex 34:15 Lv 17:5, זְבַחְתֶּם Ex 8:24, זָבַחְנוּ Ex 8:23; Impf. וַיִזְבַּח Gn 31:54 + 14 times; 2 ms. sf. תִּזְבָּחֶנּוּ Dt 15:21, 2 fs. sf. וַתִּזְבָּחִים Ez 16:20, 1 s. אֶזְבַּח ψ 116:17, אֶזְבְּחָה ψ 27:6; 54:8 Jon 2:10; 2 mpl. תִּזְבְּהוּ Lv 19:5 + 2 times, תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ Lv 22:29 + 2 times; 1 pl. נִבזְבְּחָה Ex 3:18 +, etc. (61 times Impf.); Imv. זְבַח ψ 50:14, זִבְחוּ Ex 8:21 ψ 4:6; Inf. cstr. זְבֹחַ 1 S 15:15 + 14 times, לִזְבּוֹחַ 2 Ch 11:16, בְּזָבְחוֹ 2 S 15:12; Pt. act. זֹבֵחַ Ex 13:15 + 8 times, זוֹבֵחַ Is 66:3, pl. זֹבְחִים Lv 17:5 + (20 times Pt.)—I. slaughter for sacrifice 8. c. acc. of a. kind of sacrifice ז׳ זֶבַח Gn 31:54 +, †פֶּכַח Dt 16:2, 5, 6, †שְׁלָמְים Dt 27:7 Jos 8:31, †תּוֹדָה ψ 50:14, 23, †עֹלוֹת ושׁלמים Ex 20:24 (E); cf. 23:18. b. victims, (α) animals †בָּקָר וָצֹאן 1 K 8:63 Nu 22:40, †צאן ובקר 2 Ch 18:2, †הַבְּרִיאָה Ez 34:3, †כָּל־פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם Ex 13:15 (J); †פָּרִים וְאֵילִים 1 Ch 15:26, שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה Dt 17:1; (β) mankind †בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת ψ 106:37 Ez 16:20, †זֹבְחֵי אָדָם sacrificers of mankind Ho 13:2 (so Ra AE Hi Wü MV men that sacrifice AV RV after Ki, so Pu Ew Ke Now Che SS). c. †תּוֹעֲבַת מִצְרַיִם Ex 8:22⁽⁾ (E), †מָשְׁחָת Mal 1:14. 9. absolute 1 S 1:3 + often 10. c. לְ of deity, †לְדָגוֹן Ju 16:23, †לַשְּׂעִירִם Lv 17:7 (H), †לַשֵּׁדִים Dt 32:17 ψ 106:37; other gods Ex 34:15 (JE) +; but usually ליהוה Ex 3:18 + 9 times JE, Lv 17:5; 19:5; 22:5 (all H, not elsewhere in P), Dt 15:21; 16:2; 17:1; 1 S 1:3 +; †לֵאלֹהֵי אָבִיו Gn 46:1 (E), לאלהים ψ 50:14, †לאדני Mal 1:14. 11. with local prep. בְּ Gn 31:54 (E) +, עַל Ex 20:24 (E) +; לפני Lv 9:4 (P) +, על פני השׂדה Lv 17:5 (H). II. slaughter for eating (connected also with sacrifice, as all eating of flesh among ancient Hebrews was sacrificial, RS ²¹⁹) 1 S 28:24 (fat calf for Saul), Ez 34:3 (fat sheep for shepherds), 2 Ch 18:2 (sheep and oxen for Jehoshaphat, c. לְ of person); cf. Dt 12:15; v 21 (abs.), 1 K 19:21. III. slaughter in divine judgment Ez 39:17–19 c. acc. זִבְחִי (Gog and Magog as feast for vultures), 1 K 13:2 2 K 23:20 (priests of high-places on their own altars).

†Pi.₂₂ Pf. זִבַּח 2 Ch 33:22, זִבְּחוּ ψ 106:38, זִבֵּ֑חוּ Ho 12:12; Impf. יְזַבֵּחַ Hb 1:16, יְזַבֵּ֑חוּ Ho 4:13, 14; 11:2 (7 times Impf.) Inf. cstr. לְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 12:32; Pt. מְזַבֵּחַ 1 K 3:3, pl. מְזַבְּחִים 2 Ch 5:6 + 8 times, מְזַבְּחוֹת 1 K 11:8;—sacrifice, 1. of the abundant sacrifices made to Yahweh by Solomon 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6, and Hezekiah 2 Ch 30:22, and prob. intensive; but 2. elsewhere of sacrifice to other deities, possibly iterative in some cases, but certainly not in all: לַבְּעָלִים Ho 11:2, לֵאלֹהֵיהֶן 1 K 11:8, לַעֲגָלִים 12:32, לְחֶרְמוֹ Hb 1:16, לַעֲצַבֵּי כְנָ֑עַן ψ 106:38, לֵאלֹהֵי דַּרְמֶשֶׂק 2 Ch 28:23, לְכָל־הַפְּסִילִים 33:22; or in unlawful places עַל־רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים Ho 4:13 cf. v 14, בַּגִּלְגָּל 12:12, בַּבָּמוֹת 1 K 3:2, 3; 22:44 2 K 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35, 16:4 = 2 Ch 28:4. It is used without direct obj. Ho 4:14 and often; also c. acc. of victim שְׁוָרִים Ho 12:12 צֹאן וּבָקָר 1 K 8:5 = 2 Ch 5:6; sons and daughters ψ 106:38, זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים 2 Ch 30:22.

i. זֶ֫בַח S^, TWOT GK^, ₁₆₂ n.m. Ju 16:23 sacrifice, ז׳ abs. Gn 31:54 +; cstr. Ex 34:25 +; זָבַ֑ח Lv 17:8 + 16 times; sf. זִבְחוֹ Lv 7:16 Ez 34:15, זִבְחֲכֶם Lv 19:6; pl. זְבָחִים Gn 46:1 +; cstr. זִבְחֵי Lv 17:5 +; sf. 3 mpl. זִבְחֵיהֶם Lv 17:5, זְבָחֵימוֹ Dt 32:38, זִבְחוֹתָם †Ho 4:19 etc.;—the common and most ancient sacrifice, whose essential rite was eating the flesh of the victim at a feast in which the god of the clan shared by receiving the blood and fat pieces. In the older literature it is distinguished from מִנְחָה and עֹלָה, in the later literature from חַטָּאת and אָשָׁם. †I. general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts: Ph. זבח of an offering of bread and oil CIS ^{i. 165. 12; 167. 8}, cf. RS ^{205 (2nd ed. 222)}— 1. of the God of Israel Gn 46:1 Ex 10:25; 18:12 (E) Ho 3:4; 6:6; 9:4 Am 5:25 Is 1:11; 19:21 Dt 12:27; 18:3 1 S 2:13, 29; 3:14; 6:15; 9:12, 13; 15:22⁽⁾; 16:3, 5⁽⁾ 2 S 15:12 1 K 8:62; 12:27 2 K 5:17; 16:15 ψ 40:7; 50:8; 51:18, 19 Pr 15:8; 21:3, 27 Is 43:23, 24; 56:7 Je 6:20; 7:21, 22; 17:26; 33:18 Ez 40:42; 44:11 1 Ch 29:21, 21 2 Ch 7:1, 4, 5, 12 Ne 12:43 Dn 9:27 Ec 4:17. They should be זִבְחֵי צֶדֶק sacrifices of righteousness (offered in righteousness by the righteous) Dt 33:19 ψ 4:6; 51:21; זִבְהֵי הַבְהָבַי sacrifices of gifts to me (י׳) Ho 8:13; the temple is בֵּית זָבַ֑ח 2 Ch 7:12; they should not be ז׳ רִיב sacrifices of strife, where strife prevails Pr 17:1. 2. of other deities Ex 34:15 Nu 25:2 Dt 32:38 (JE) Ju 16:23 2 K 10:19, 24 Ho 4:19 Is 57:7 Ez 20:28; these are זִבְחֵי מֵתִים sacrifices to dead things (lifeless gods, opp. to י׳ as living) ψ 106:28. II. there are several kinds of זְבָחִים which are gradually distinguished: † 1. the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban Gn 31:54 (E), with God ψ 50:5 (cf. Ex 24:5 1 S 11:5). † 2. the passover זֶבַח חַג הַפֶּסַח Ex 34:25 (JE), זבח פסח Ex 12:27 (J); and prob. also זבחי Ex 23:18 (JE) = 34:25 (id.) † 3. annual sacrifice זֶבַח הַיָּמִים 1 S 1:21; 2:19; 20:6, cf. ז׳ מִשְׁפָּחָה sacrifice of the clan 1 S 20:29. † 4. thank offering ז׳ (הַ)תּוֹדָה Lv 7:12; 22:29 ψ 107:22; 116:17, which is given as ז׳ קָרְבָּנוֹ, זִבְחוֹ, הַזָּבַח Lv 7:16, 17; and as a variety of שְׁלָמִים Lv 7:13, 15; it is implied in זִבְחֵי תְרוּעָה ψ 27:6; yet זֶבַח is generic with תּוֹדָה 2 Ch 29:31⁽⁾. 5. in ritual of H & P זבחים are defined by שׁלמים (q.v.) Lv 3:1 + 39 times Lv Nu, 1 S 10:8 1 K 8:63 2 Ch 30:22; 33:16 Pr 7:14, but sometimes (rarely) ז׳ alone is used in this sense, with or without suffix, where the meaning is plain from the context: Lv 17:5, 7, 8; 19:6; 23:37 (H) Nu 15:3, 5, 8 Jos 22:26, 29 (all P). These ritual offerings are of three varieties תּוֹדָה, נֶדֶר and נְדָבָה Lv 7:12, 16 (P); in the several lists זבחים are distinguished from תודות Am 4:4f. 2 Ch 29:31, from נדרים Nu 15:8 (P) Dt 12:6, 11 Jon 1:16, from נדבות Am 4:4 f. Dt 12:6 and from the more comprehensive שׁלמים Nu 15:8 Jos 22:27 (P). So also the sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb Ex 24:5 (JE) and the sacrifice at the installation of Saul 1 S 11:15 are defined as †זבחים שׁלמים. Thus ז׳ seems not only to be used for all these special forms but also to include other festal sacrifices not defined in the codes of law. The ritual was the same for the entire class. They were all sacrifices for feasts in which the flesh of the victim was eaten by the offerers, except so far as the officiating priests had certain choice pieces and the blood and fat pieces went to the altar for God. The sacrifice at the institution of the covenant at Horeb, the Passover victim, and the ram of consecration, were special, in that there was an application of a portion of the blood to the persons and things which were to be consecrated, Ex 12:22; 24:8 Lv 8:23. † 6. the slaughter of hostile nations is also a זֶבַח offered by God Himself, in which the vultures devour the flesh of the victims Is 34:6 Je 46:10 Ez 39:17⁽⁾, 19 Zp 1:7, 8. 7. the verb used with זֶבַח is ordinarily זָבַח but others also are found e.g. †עָשָׂה Nu 6:17; 15:3, 5, 8 Jos 22:23 (P) 1 K 12:27; 2 K 5:17; 10:24 Je 33:18 (cf. Sab. עסי דֿבח Hal ¹⁴⁸ DHM ^{1888, 374}); †הֵבִיא Am 4:4 Dt 12:6, 11 Je 17:26, †הִגִּישׁ Am 5:25, †הִקְרִיב Lv 7:11, 16; 22:21 (all P), †עָבַד Is 19:21, †נָתַן Ec 4:17, יַעֲלָה עֹלָה אוֹ זֶבַח Lv 17:8 (H), בִּשֵּׁל ז׳ Ez 46:24, שָׁחַט אֶת־הָעוֹלָה וְהַזָּבַ֑ח Ez 40:42 cf. 44:11.

†ii. זֶ֫בַח S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. a Midianite king Ju 8:5, 6, 7, 10, 12⁽⁾, 15⁽⁾, 18, 21⁽⁾ ψ 83:12, G Ζεβεε.

מִזְבֵּחַ S TWOT GK₄₀₁ n.m. Jos 22:10 altar (Arabic مَذْبَحٌ (maḏbaḥun), place of slaughter, trench made by torrent, Sab. מדֿבח DHM ²⁴); מ׳ abs. 2 K 18:22 + 223 times, הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה Ex 29:13 + 31 times; cstr. מִזְבַּח Ex 20:24 + 76 times, sf. מִזְבְּחִי Ex 20:26 + 7 times, מִזְבַּחֲךָ 1 K 8:31 + 3 times, מִזְבְּחֶ֑ךָ Dt 33:10; מִזְבְּחוֹ Ju 6:31 + 2 times; pl. מִזְבְּחֹת Nu 23:1 + 5 times, מִזְבְּחוֹת 2 K 21:3 + 23 times, sf. מִזְבְּחוֹתֶיךָ ψ 84:4, other sfs. 21 times;— 1. JE narrate that altars were built by Noah after leaving the ark Gn 8:20; by Abraham at Shechem 12:7, Bethel 12:8, Hebron 13:8, mt. in land Moriah 22:9; by Isaac at Beersheba 26:25; by Jacob at Shechem 33:20 (yet this perhaps mistake for מַצֵּבָה, being obj. of וַיַּצֶּב־שָׁם, not elsewhere with מזבח, cf. also Di), at Bethel 35:7, by Moses at Rephidim Ex 17:15, Horeb 24:4, by Balak at Bamoth Baal, Pisgah, & Peor Nu 23:1, 14, 29; by Joshua on Mt. Ebal Jos 8:30: the prophetic histories narrate that altars were built by Gideon at Ophra Ju 6:24; by a man of God at Bethel Ju 21:4; by Samuel at Ramah 1 S 7:17; by Saul after Michmash 1 S 14:35; by David on the threshing floor of Ornan 2 S 24:25 = 1 Ch 21:18, 1 Ch 22:1; that Solomon sacrificed on the altar at Gibeon 1 K 3:4 and built altars in the temple at Jerusalem 1 K 6:20; 8:64; that Jeroboam built an altar at Bethel 1 K 12:32 (which was destroyed by Josiah 2 K 23:15); and that Elijah repaired an ancient altar on Carmel 1 K 18:30. An altar in Egypt is predicted Is 19:19. All this accords with the law of the Covenant code Ex 20:24–26 which recognises a plurality of altars and prescribes that they shall be built of אֲדָמָה, or of unhewn stones, and without steps. So אֲבָנִים Dt 27:5 (JE), אֲבָנִים שְׁלֵמוֹת Dt 25:6 Jos 8:31, and twelve stones 1 K 18:31; cf. Is 27:9. The altar was also a place of refuge Ex 21:14 (JE) 1 K 1:50, 51; 2:28. 2. D prescribes one central altar Dt 12:5 f. 27; but no attempt to enforce this principle appears before Hezekiah (2 K 18:4, 22), and Josiah, whose reform is more effectual, 2 K 23:8–20. 3. P limits sacrifices to the altars of the tabernacle. A great altar was built E. of the Jordan, but it was according to P only as an עֵד after the pattern of the altar before the Tabernacle Jos 22:10–34. P describes two altars: a. the מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Ex 30:28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:1; 40:6, 10, 29 Lv 4:7, 10, 25⁽⁾, 30, 34 = מ׳ הַנְּחשֶׁת Ex 38:30; 39:39, made of acacia wood plated with brass, 5 × 5 × 3 cubits in size, with four horns and a network of brass, on which all sacrifices by fire were made Ex 27:1–8; 38:1–7; b. מ׳ מִקְטַר קְטֹוֶת made of acacia wood plated with gold, 1 × 1 × 2 cubits in size, with four horns and a crown of gold Ex 30:1–6 = מ׳ הקטרת Ex 30:27; 31:8; 35:15; 37:25 = מ׳ הזהב Ex 39:38; 40:5, 26 Nu 4:11 = מ׳ קטרת הַסַּמִּים Lv 4:7; these altars are named elsewhere only in Chr. 1 Ch 6:34; 16:40; 21:29; 2 Ch 1:5, 6. 4. Solomon made two altars for the temple at Jerusalem: a. מ׳ הַנְּחשֶׁת for the court 1 K 8:64 (which was laid aside by Ahaz 2 K 16:14, 15, who made an altar after the model of one he saw in Damascus 2 K 16:11); in v 14 הַמִּזְבַּח הַנּ׳ (cstr. form c. art.) is erron., read prob. מִזְבַּח cf. Ges ^{127. 4 a ad} ; this altar, according to Chr, measured 20 × 20 × 10 cubits 2 Ch 4:1; this מזבח (ה)נחשׁת also 7:7 & Ez 9:2; = מ׳ העולה 2 Ch 29:18, repaired by Asa 2 Ch 15:8; b. an altar of cedar, plated with gold, in the temple before the דְּבִיר 1 K 6:20, 22; 7:48; = מ׳ הזהב 2 Ch 4:19; = מ׳ הַקְּטֹרֶת 1 Ch 28:18; 2 Ch 26:16. 5. Ezekiel plans two altars for the new temple: a. a table of wood 3 × 2 cubits Ez 41:22; b. an altar for the court, prob. same dimensions as 4 a, with stairs Ez 43:13–17. 6. after the return Jeshua built an altar on the ancient site in the court of the temple Ezr 3:2. 7. besides these altars used in the worship of Yahweh, Ahab built an altar to Baal in Samaria 1 K 16:32; Ahaz made an altar on the roof of the upper chamber, and other kings of Judah made altars in the two courts, all of which were destroyed by Josiah 2 K 23:12. 8. the ancient and most common term for making altars was בָּנָה Gn 35:7 (E) 8:20 (J) Dt 27:5, 6 Ex 32:5 (JE) +, implying building material; other vbs. are הֵקִים 2 S 24:18 1 K 16:32 2 K 21:3 1 Ch 21:18 2 Ch 33:3; הֵכִין Ezr 3:3 (sq. עַל־מְכוֹנֹתָו֯); שִׂים Je 11:13; וַיַּצֶּב־ Gn 33:20 (but cf. 1); Nu 23:4 (E) has עָרַךְ arrange, prepare; עָשָׂה Gn 35:1, 3 Ex 20:24 (E) Gn 13:4 (J) Jos 22:28 1 K 12:33; 18:26; this becomes usual in P, Ex 27:1; 30:1; 37:25; 38:1, 30, so 2 Ch 4:1, 19; 7:7; 28:24. 9. the dedication of the altar was חֲנֻכַּת המזבח Nu 7:10, 11, 84, 88 2 Ch 7:9; it was anointed with oil מָשַׁח Ex 40:10 Lv 8:11 Nu 7:10 (all P). 10. removal of unlawful altars is expr. by נָתַץ Ex 34:13 (JE) Dt 7:5 Ju 2:2; 6:30, 31, 32 2 K 11:18; 23:12, 15; נִתַּץ (Pi) Dt 12:3 2 Ch 31:1; 34:4, 7; נֻתַּץ Ju 6:28; הָרַס Ju 6:25 1 K 19:10, 14; שִׁבַּר 2 Ch 23:17; הֵסִיר 2 K 18:22 = Is 36:7, 2 Ch 14:2; 30:14; 32:12; 33:15. 11. ministry at the altar was מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַמּ׳ Nu 18:5 Ez 40:46, cf. Nu 3:31 (P), מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מ׳ Jo 1:13; עָמַד עַל is said of officiating priest 1 K 13:1, עָלָה עַל Ex 20:26 1 S 2:28 1 K 12:33 + (cf. יָרַד Lv 9:22); sacrifices were usually offered עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Gn 22:9 Dt 12:27 +; v. especially the phrases with זָרַק Ex 29:16, 20 + (v. זרק); הִקְטִיר Lv 4:10 (v. קטר Hiph.); הֶעֱלָה Lv 6:3 + (v. עלה Hiph.) לְבַעֵר Ne 10:35; but בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ Gn 8:20 (J) Nu 23:2, 4, 14, 30 (E); one touching the altar is הַנֹּגֵעַ בַּמּ׳ Ex 29:37 (P); לפני המ׳ of placing, or standing before altar Dt 26:4 1 K 8:22; as acc.loc. הַמִּזְבֵּ֫חָה in phrases especially c. הִקְטִיר Ex 29:13 +, and הֶעֱלָה Lv 14:20. 12. the horns of the altar were especially for the application of the blood of the sin-offering in the ritual; sin is represented as graven לְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם Je 17:1; therefore of blood for cleansing it was said †נָתַן על קרנות המ׳ Ex 29:12 Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34; 8:15; 9:9; 16:18 (all P). An ancient custom is referred to, ψ 118:27 אִסְרוּ־חַג בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים עַד־קרנות המזבח bind the festal victim with cords, unto the horns of the altar: Ainsworth paraphrases: ‘that is, all the court over, untill you come even to the hornes of the altar, intending hereby many sacrifices,’ so De; but Che ‘bind the procession with branches, (step on) to the altar-horns,’ that is in sacred procession round the altar. 13. the יְסוֹד (q.v.) is also referred to in the ritual of the sin-offerings in the phrases יָצַק אל יסוד Lv 8:15; 9:9 & שָׂפַךְ אל יסוד Ex 29:12 Lv 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34 (all P) יִמָּצֵה אל יסוד Lv 5:9. 14. the altar was קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים Ex 29:37; 40:10 (P); but repeated sin-offerings were necessary to keep it pure and cleanse it from the pollution of the people in whose midst it was situated. This is expressed by חִטֵּא Lv 8:15 (P) Ez 43:22; כִּפֶּר Lv 16:20, 33 (P) Ez 43:26; קִדַּשׂ Ex 29:44; 40:10 Lv 8:15 Nu 7:1 (P); טִהַר 2 Ch 29:18.

זַבַּי S GK v. sub זבב.

†זְבִינָא S GK n.pr.m. (bought; Aramaic, from √ זְבַן, buy, cf. Biblical Aramaic Dn 2:8)—name of one who had taken a strange wife Ezr 10:43.

†[זָבַל S TWOT GK] vb. prob. exalt, honour (Assyrian zabâlu COT and id. on Gn 30:20 1 K 8:13, cf. Dl ^{62 f.} so De; Ph. n.pr.f. בעלאזבל (prob. = Baal has exalted) cf. אִיזֶבֶל p. 33 supr.; cf. Arabic زَبَلَ (zabala) take up and carry; > Nö ^{1886, 729}, who connects these vbs. with Syriac ܣܒܰܠ (sbal) bear, carry, cf. Heb. סָבַל)—Qal Impf. יִזְבְּלֵנִי אִישִׁי Gn 30:20b (J), my husband will honour me (in expl. of name Zebulun (v. infr.); on another appar. expl. in v a cf. זבד); > AV al. dwell with me, cf. Thes RobGes who derive dwell with from an assumed meaning be round (cf. דור); and others (cf. MV), who derive dwell as denom. from זְבֻל in sense dwelling.

†i. זְבֻל S^, TWOT GK^, n.[m.] elevation, height, lofty abode (NH זְבוּל temple);—בָּנוֹ בָּנִיתִי בֵּית זְבֻל לָ֑ךְ 1 K 8:13 = 2 Ch 6:2 (poet.; prob. from book of Jashar, cf. G We ²⁷¹ Dr ¹⁸²; on בֵּית־זְבֻל = Assyrian bît zabal, lofty house cf. COT 1 K 8:13 Dl ^{62 f.}); לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל מִזְּבֻל לוֹ ψ 49:15 text dub.; Ew Hi Ri Now read מַזְבּוּל (or מִזְבּוֹל, Ew) as n. = dwelling; Che prop. for מִזְּבֻל, [לְעוֹלָ]ם ז׳ Che^crit. ; זְבֻל קָדְשְׁךָ Is 63:15 (|| שָׁמַיִם) the high abode of thy holiness (cf. Che^crit. ); of the lofty abode of sun and moon: שֶׁמֶשׁ יָרֵחַ עָמַד זְבֻ֑לָה Hb 3:11.

†ii. זְבֻל S^, TWOT GK^, n.pr.m. an officer of Abimelech Ju 9:28, 30, 36⁽⁾, 38, 41.

†זְבוּלֻן, זְבֻלוּן n.pr.m. Zebulun (on expl. of name given in E and J cf. זבד, זבל);—זְבוּלֻן Gn 49:13 + 25 times; זְבֻלוּן Ju 5:18 + 17 times; זְבוּלוּן Ju 1:30;— 1. sixth son of Jacob and Leah Gn 30:20; 35:23; 46:14; 49:13 Ex 1:3 1 Ch 2:1. 2. the tribe of Zebulun Nu 1:9 Dt 27:13; 33:18⁽⁾ Ju 1:30; 4:10; 5:14, 18 Ez 48:26 1 Ch 12:34, 41; 27:19 2 Ch 30:11, 18; cf. שָׂרֵי ז׳ ψ 68:28; שַׁעַר ז׳ Ez 48:33; בְּנֵי ז׳ Nu 1:30; 2:7; 7:24; 26:26 Jos 19:10, 16 Ju 4:6; מַטֵּה ז׳ Nu 1:31; 2:7; 13:10; מַטֵּה בְּנֵי ז׳ Nu 10:16; 34:25. 3. territory of the tribe אֶרֶץ ז׳ Ju 12:12, אַרְצָה ז׳ Is 8:23, גְּבוּל ז׳ Ez 48:27; also ז׳ alone Jos 19:27, 34 2 Ch 30:10, מַטֵּה ז׳ Jos 21:7, 34 1 Ch 6:48, 62.

†זְבוּלֹנִי S adj.gent. Ju 12:11, 12; c. art. = n. coll. the Zebulonites Nu 26:27.

זוג TWOT, זיג (appar. √ of foll.; T NH זוג, זִיג is be clear, bright, transparent (ChWB Jastr^{391 a}); others (so Thes) derive foll. from √ זגג with same meaning, v. infr. & Fl NHWB^{i. 560 b}).

†זָג S TWOT GK n.[m.] name of some comparatively insignif. product of vine (גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן), the eating of which was included in prohibition to Nazirite; skin of grape, so Thes (after Onk Mishna Maaser. 5 ^{§ 4}, Orla 1 ^{§ 8}, cf. Sifre ad loc.): מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד־זָג֖ לֹא יֹאכֵ֑ל Nu 6:4 (NH זג, זוג; so called as transparent? cf. Aramaic זְגוּגִיתָא, ܙܰܓܽܘܓܺܝܬܳܐ (zagugito) glass, NH זַגָּג glazier (Arabic زُجَاجٌ (zujājun) glass, is a loan-wd. according to Frä⁶⁴); cf. theory of √ in Lag ^{Abh. 41}, Fl: but in Heb. glass is זְכוֹכִית).

זֶד, זָדוֹן S TWOT GK v. sub זיד.

זֶה S^, TWOT GK^, demonstr. pron. and adv. fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֹ, q.v.); comm. זוּ (q.v.): this, here (the element ז = ذ (ḏ) = ܕ (d) is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstr. particle, often acquiring, like Engl. that, Germ. der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus a. Ph. זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, f. זא, comm. אז (v. CIS I. i. 1:4, 5, 6, 12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genit. [lit. that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 67–71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C²), f. זא 113:15; 145 B⁵; Aramaic of Zinijirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHM ⁵⁶); Ethiopic ዝ (zə) ze, this, f. ዛ (zā) zā, ዘ (za) za, who (masc.), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [v. infr.]) in common use as a mark of the genitive; b. Arabic ذَا (ḏā) this, fem. ذِى, ذُو (ḏī, ḏū) (gen. ذِى (ḏī), acc. ذَا (ḏā), fem. ذَاتُ (ḏātu)), possessor of (lit. that of …, i.e. one who owns), or in the Ṭayyite dialect, who, which: from ذَا (ḏā), with هَا (hā) lo! prefixed, هَاذَا (hāḏā) this, f. هَاذِهِ (hāḏihi), with the pron. element 3 affixed, ذَاكَ (ḏāka) = this: with ’al ( = the art.) + a demonstr. element la prefixed, أَلَّذِى (˒allaḏī) who, which (in origin = Heb. הַלָּזֶה this, q.v.); Sab. דֿן this, f. דֿת, דֿ who, which, f. דֿת (Prä^{. 1872, 419}, DHM^{. 1883, 338 f.}, also ⁶⁵); c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q.v.) this, f. דָּא ( = זֹאר), דָּךְ; Palm. and Nab. די which, דנה this; T דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵי this, f. דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac ܗܳܢ, ܗܳܢܳܐ (hon, hono), contr. from ܗܳܕܶܢ (hoden)), ܗܳܕܶܐ (hode); Syriac ܕ (d) who, which; Sam. ד (d) who, which, דנ# (dן) this, f. דה (dh); Mand.. ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (Nö ^{§ 80, 81}). Alike in Heb. and the other dialects, the corresp. plur. is derived from a different source: Heb. אֵלָּה, Ph. אל, Ethiopic ’ellū, ’ellā, these, ’ella, who, Arabic أُولَى (˒ūlā), these, أُولُوا, أُولَى (˒ūlū, ˒ūlā) owners of, Sab. אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, ܗܳܠܶܝܢ (holeyn), Sam. אלינ# (˒lyן), Mand. עלין. Only the Arabic اَلَّذِى (˒allaḏī) forms its own pl. اَلَّذِينَ (˒allaḏīna) V. further W ^{107 ff.})— 1. standing alone: a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Gn 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָה־זֹאת, 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ …, 12:12; 38:28 Ex 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֹקֵשׁ, 1 S 10:27 מַה יּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us? 16:8, 9; 21:16 that ye have brought אֶת־זֶה this fellow to play the madman against me? 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2 S 13:17 אֶת־זֹאת, 1 K 22:27 אֶת־זֶה, Mi 5:4 Is 66:2; as a genit., Gn 29:27, 28 1 K 21:2; with a collective force Lv 11:4, 9 ( = Dt 14:7, 9), v 21, 29 Ju 20:16, 17 (כָּל־זֶה), Jb 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gn 3:14; 20:5, 6; 45:19 and often, שׁסעו זאת Am 8:4 Is 47:8; 48:1, 16; 51:21 al.; Gn 41:39 Ex 17:14 Dt 32:6 Ju 7:14; 21:3 לָמָה … הָֽיְתָה זֹאת (cf. Jb 1:13 ψ 118:23) 1 K 11:39 2 S 7:19 2 K 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1 Sa 20:2b cf. Am 2:11; rarely so with אֶת־ †Jos 22:24 Je 9:11 ψ 92:7; as an accus. of limit., as regards this, in this, Ez 20:27; 36:37 Jb 19:26 (si vera l.), 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת †Jb 42:16 Ezr 9:10, א׳ כל־זאת †2 Ch 21:18; 35:20; pointing forward to a foll. a clause, Gn 42:18; 43:11 Nu 8:24; 14:35 Is 56:2 Jb 10:13 etc.; Ex 9:16 1 S 25:31 Is 1:12 מִי בִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2 S 19:22 ψ 102:19; 119:50, 56 (see also בְּזאֹת 6 b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Ex 13:8 Pr 24:12 Jb 15:17 Ne 2:2 Ec 1:17; 2:15 גם זה הבל (so v 19, 21, 23 + ), 7:18⁽⁾; of a concrete obj., Ex 30:31 2 K 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Heb., Ne 13:6 בְּכָל־זֶה during all this, 2 Ch 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards La 5:17 f. to כִּי ψ 56:10 Je 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.) b. repeated זֶה … זֶה, this … that, the one … the other or (if indefinite) another, Gn 29:27 (זֹאת), Ex 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1 K 3:23; 22:20 Is 6:3; 44:5 (3 times), ψ 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Jb 1:16–18; 21:23, 25 +.

2. In appos. to a subst.: a. preceding it (rare) Ex 32:1, 23 זֶה מֹשֶׁה, Ju 5:5 ( = ψ 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Jos 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1 K 14:14 2 K 6:33 Is 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, ψ 34:7; 49:14; 104:25 זה הים גדול וג׳ this sea there is great and broad, 118:20 Ct 7:8 Ezr 3:12. (Cf. זוּ Hb 1:11.) b. following it:—(α) when the subst. is determined by a pron. affix, Gn 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Dt 5:29(26) O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! 21:20 Jos 2:14, 20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Ju 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dn 10:17 2 Ch 24:18 (Cf. אֵלָּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 K 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 8:8, 9), ψ 80:15. (β) with the art., הַזֶּה, הַזֹּאת, after a subst. determained also by the art., Gn 7:1 בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה, v 13 הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, 15:7; 17:21, 23 Dt 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a n.pr., except such as are construed with the art., as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gn 32:11 Dt 3:27; 31:2 Jos 1:2, 11; 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֹן הַזֶּה Jos 1:4, cf. Nu 27:12 = Dt 32:49 (2 K 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2 Ch 1:10) after a noun with a pron. affix (Jos 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: v. Dr ^{209 Obs.}).

3. More often as pred., as 1 S 24:17 הֲקוֹלְךָ זֶה, 2 K 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָֽבֶל׃, Ez 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Is 14:16, הֲזֹאת 23:7 La 2:15; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gn 5:1 זה ספר this is the book …, 9:12 זֹאת אוֹת הַבְּרִית, 17:10; 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lv 6:2, 13, 18; 7:1, 11 Dt 6:1; 33:1 Jos 13:2 Jb 27:13 Is 58:6 etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר … Ex 16:16; 35:4 Jos 5:4 Ju 20:9; 21:11 Is 37:22 Je 38:21 +, cf. זה אשׁר … this is what (or how) … Gn 6:15 Ex 29:38 Je 33:16; זֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת Ex 3:12 1 S 2:34 +; at the end, Lv 7:37; 11:46; 13:50 Nu 5:21; 7:17, 23 etc., Jos 19:8, 16, 23 etc., Is 14:26; 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר …), 17:14; 54:17 Je 13:25 ψ 109:20 Ct 5:16⁽⁾ Jb 5;27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21; 20:29 (cf. אֵלֶּה ψ 73:12), ψ 24:6; 48:15 such ( = such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zp 2:15; cf. Jb 14:3 אַף־עַל־זֶה upon one such as this (v 1, 2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, especially interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: v. הוא 4 b.) Thus a. אֵי־זֶה₁₅ were, then? Jb 28:12 אֵי־זֶה מְקוֹם בִּינָה, v 20 38:19 b (v. other exx. sub אַי 1 b, p. 32). b. מִי־זֶה, †1 S 17:55, 56 בֶּן־מִי־זֶה֖ הָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad? Je 49:19 ( = 50:44) וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג׳ and who (emph.) is the shepherd that etc., La 3:37 ψ 24:8 Who is the King of glory? (for which in v 10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Je 30:21 Est 7:5), 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this … is admissible: Is 63:1 Je 46:7 Jb 38:2; 42:3; cf. מִי־זֹאת Ct 3:6; 6:10; 8:5. c. מַה־זֶּה how, now? Gn 27:20 Ju 18:24 וּמַה־זֶּה תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me …? 1 K 21:5 2 K 1:5; what, now? (τίποτε;) 1 S 10:11 מַה־זֶּה הָיָה לְבֶן־קִישׁ; עַל־מַה־זֶּה for what? Ne 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Ex 4:2. (Cf. Aramaic מָדֵין why? ܡܳܕܶܝܢ (modeyn) used as a conj. therefore, e.g. 2 S 18:22 S, PS²⁰¹³: both formed similarly.) d. מַה־זֹאת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַה־זֹאת עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:13; 12:18; 26:10; 29:25; 42:28 Ex 14:11 Ju 2:2 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done? (Fl De) or What is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresp. phrase in Arabic مَا ذَا صَنَعْتَ (mā ḏā ṣana˓ta); De Gen. 3:13 ^{(ed. 4)}, and especially Fl ^{i. 356} Lane ^{p. 948}.) e. לָמָּֽה־זֶּה wherefore, now? Gn 18:13; 25:22; 32:30 Ex 5:22 Nu 11:20 + often Cf. Arabic لِهَا ذَا (lihā ḏā) f. הַאַתָּה זֶה †2 S 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel? 1 K 18:7, 17, without הֲ Gn 27:24; in an indirect question Gn 27:21. g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here … †1 K 19:5 (in narrative), Is 21:9 Ct 2:8, 9. Cf. Nu 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶב go up here in the South. h. עַתָּה זֶה, †1 K 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that …, 2 K 5:22 just now. Also i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gn 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so 43:10), 31:38 now, already twenty years, v 41 (זֶה־לִּי …), 45:6 Nu 14:22 now ten times, 22:28, 32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Dt 8:2, 4 Jos 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2 S 14:2 +; Zc 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! cf. Ru 2:7 Je 50:17.

5. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare: but see also זוֹ, זוּ): ψ 74:2 athe hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֹ wherein thou dwellest, 78:54; 104:8 אל־מְקום זה to the place (st. c. Ges ^{130. 3}) which … v 26 Pr 23:22 Is 25:9; = that which Jb 15:17, those who 19:19 (so once, Ex 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding subst., and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַר־זֶ֝ה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, ‘this mountain, (which) thy right hand,’ etc.

6. With prefixes (in special senses):—a. בָּזֶה₁₅ in this (place), here, Gn 38:21, 22 Ex 24:14 Nu 23:1⁽⁾ 1 S 1:26; 9:11 +; of time, then, †Est 2:13 Once בַּזֶּה 1 S 21:10. b. בְּזֹאת (α) with this = on these conditions, Gn 34:15, 22 1 S 11:2 Is 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Lv 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Gn 42:15, 33 Ex 7:17 Nu 16:28 Jos 3:10 ψ 41:12; so בָּזֹאת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lv 26:27 ψ 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָל־זֹאת occurs, Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4 ψ 78:32 Je 3:10 Ho 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this case (late style) †1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 19:2; in this matter 20:17. c. כָּזֶה (α) †Gn 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר …, Is 56:12; 58:5 Je 5:9 גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so v 29; 9:8). (β) כָּוֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, †Ju 18:4 2 S 11:25 1 K 14:5. d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, †Gn 45:23; כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these Ju 13:23 (c. השׁמיע), 15:7; 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, 1 S 4:7 (cf. Je 2:10 2 Ch 30:26), 2 S 14:13 (c. חשׁב), Is 66:8 (c. שׁמע), Ezr 7:27; = accordingly, to that effect (c. דִּבֶּר) 2 Ch 34:22; = in like manner Ju 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 K 7:37 1 Ch 29:14 2 Ch 31:20; 32:15: כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus †Jos 7:20 2 S 17:15⁽⁾ 2 K 5:4; 9:12. e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gn 37:17; 42:15; 50:25 Ex 11:1⁽⁾ 13:3 Dt 9:12 + often: מִזֶּה … מִאזֶּה on one side … on the other side Ex 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, 25:19; 26:13; 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Nu 22:24 1 S 14:4 1 K 10:19, 20 Zc 5:3 +; מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of … Ex 38:15 Jos 8:33 Ez 45:7; 48:21. f. עַל זֶה on this account (rare), La 5:17 (pointing forwards), Est 6:3. So עַל זֹאת Am 8:8 Mi 1:8 Je 2:12 (Jb 17:8) 4:8, 28 ψ 32:6; in late prose Ezr 8:23; 9:15; 10:2 Ne 13:14 2 Ch 16:9, 10; 29:9; 32:20. g. עִם זֶה in spite of this †Ne 5:18.—On אֵי זֶה which? אֵי מִזֶּה whence? אֵי לָזֹאת how? v. sub אַי 2, p. 32; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ, v. p. 229.

Note.—זֶה in 1 S 17:34 (in many edd.) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim’s Rabbin. Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subseq. edd. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient edd. is שֶׂה (cf. de Rossi^{Var. Lect. ii. 151}).

†זֹה S GK this (f.) = זֹאת (cf. זוֹ, in Mish. the regular fem. of זֶה)—2 K 6:19 Ez 40:45 Ec 2:2, 24; 5:15, 18; 7:23; 9:13 (זאת does not occur in Ec); also in the phr. כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה (v. זה 6 c β).

†זוֹ S TWOT GK i.q. זֹה (q.v.): only Ho 7:16 b זוֹ לַעְגָּם this (i.e. the falling by the sword, v a) is their derision; and (as relat.) ψ 132:12 וְעֵדֹ֑תִ֥י זֹוֹ and my testimony which … (neglecting the accentuation: v. De, and cf. the remark under זֶה 5).

†זוּ S TWOT GK pron. (poet.), indeclinable. 1. a demonstr. Hb 1:11 זוּ כֹחוֹ this his strength, ψ 12:8 מִן־הַדּוֹר זוּ (unusual, for הַזֶּה), 62:12 שְׁתַּיִם־זוּ שָׁמַעְתִּי these two things &c. (but better (Wickes^{Poet. Acc. 64}) שְׁ֖תַּיִם ז֣וּ two things (are there) which &c.: v. 2). 2. a relative, Ex 15:13 עְם־זוּ גָאָ֑לְתָּ the people which thou hast redeemed, v 16 Is 42:24 זוּ חָטָאנוּ לוֹ against whom we sinned, 43:21 ψ 9:16 (fem.) רֶשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֜מָ֗נוּ so 31:5, 10:2; 17:9 (with a plural antecedent) מִפְּנֵי רְשָׁעִים זוּ שַׁדּוּנִי, 32:8; 68:29 (thou) who hast wrought for us! 142:4; 143:8. To most of these passages the remark made under זה 5 respecting the intention of the punctuators also applies: comp. De on ψ 9:16. (Cf. ذُو (ḏū), used as an indeclin. relat. pron. = اَلَّذِى (˒allaḏī) in the Ṭayyite dialect: thus أتى عليهم ذو أتى (˒ty ˓lyhm ḏw ˒ty) there has come upon them that which has come: ذحن ذو فعلنا كذا (ḏḥn ḏw f˓ln˒ kḏ˒) it is we who have done this. See Schu^{Hariri Cons. ff. 75}, Thes⁴⁰⁶, W ^{i. 347, e}, Lane^{p. 986}, Fl ^{i. p. 359}.)

זהב TWOT (√ of foll.; meaning dubious; cf. Lag ^{55 Anm}).

זָהָב S TWOT GK₃₈₅ n.m. Gn 2:12 gold (NH id.; Arabic ذَهَبٌ (ḏahabun), Sab. דֿהב e.g. Os²⁹ DHM ^{1883, 338}; Aramaic דְּהַב, ܕܗܰܒ (dhab), Palm. חהבא Vog ²³)—ז׳ abs. Gn 2:11 + 364 times; cstr. Gn 2:12 + 6 times; sf. זְהָבִי 1 K 20:7 + 2 times; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 K 20:3, 5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Is 30:22; זְהָבוֹ Is 2:20; 31:7; זְהָבָם Ho 8:4 + 4 times;—gold, 1. = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gn 2:11, 12 Je 10:9 Pr 17:3; 27:21 Jb 28:1 +; perhaps also 1 K 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 etc.; cf. עַפְרֹת ז׳ Jb 28:6 5 v. also Zc 13:9 (sim. of tried people of י׳) and cf. Mal 3:3; likewise Jb 23:10 (sim. of Job’s purity, as shewn by divine tests); מִצָּפוֹן זָהָב Jb 37:22 is dub.; Ew De al. out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, G Rabb. Da al.; or golden splendour of God coming from north Bö^{Ä 76} Hi al.; Siegf conj. יהוה for זהב read perhaps זִהַר Du and Dr. 2. gold as wealth Gn 13:2 (J; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף) 24:34 (J; + צֹאן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים) cf. Ho 2:8 Is 2:7 Dt 8:13; 17:17 Jb 3:15; 31:24 Zc 14:14 Ezr 1:4, 6 +; in gen., as precious: נִבְחָר שֵׁם מֵעשֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּסֶף וּמִזָּהָב חֵן טוֹב Pr 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Jb 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; ψ 19:10 (ordinances of י׳) which are more to be desired than gold; cf. 119:72, 127; also metaph. of princes and chief men of Zion La 4:1 (cf. v 2). 3. gold as spoil of war Jos 6:19 ( + כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵי־נְחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל) so v 24, cf. 7:21, 24; 22:8 2 K 7:8 +. 4. gold as merchandise Ez 27:22 ( + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, רֹאשׁ כָּל־בֹּשֶׁם), cf. also gold from Ophir 1 K 9:28 etc. (v. sub 7 infr.) 5. gold as costly gift: to a prophet מְלֹא בֵּיתוֹ כֶּסֶף וְז׳ (hypothet.), Nu 22:18; 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1 K 10:2, 10 (both + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2 Ch 9:1, 9; as tribute 2 K 23:35⁽⁾ (cf. v 33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2 S 21:4 ( + כֶּסֶף). 6. gold as material: of (nose- or ear-)ring, נֶזֶם Gn 24:22 Ex 32:2, 3 Ju 8:24, 26 Pr 11:22; 25:12 Jb 42:11; of chain Gn 41:42, shields 2 S 8:7, images of emerods 1 S 6:4, 17 and mice v 4, 11, 18; תַּפּוּחֵי ז׳ בַּמַשְׂכִּיּוֹת כֶּסֶף Pr 25:11; גֻּלַּת ז׳ Ec 12:6; כְּלֵי־ז׳ Ex 3:22; 11:2; 12:35 1 S 6:8 ψ 105:37 etc.; כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב Gn 24:53 as presents to a bride ( + בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king’s favour 2 S 8:10 ( + כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Sol. 1 K 10:25 = 2 Ch 9:24; as material of idols אֱלֹהֵי כֶסֶף וֵאלֹהֵי ז׳ Ex 20:23 cf. 32:31 Ho 8:4 Is 2:20; 30:22; 31:7 Dt 29:16 ψ 115:4; 135:15; as plating of idols Dt 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon’s temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1 K 6:20, 21⁽⁾, 22⁽⁾, 28; 7:48 + 10 times 1 K 6:7; also 2 Ch 3:5⁽⁾, 6 + 14 times 2 Ch 3:4; cf. 1 Ch 28:14⁽⁾ + 14 times 1 Ch 28. 29 (David’s preparatio for temple); v. also 2 K 24:13 cf. 14:14 = 2 Ch 25:24, 2 K 25:15 = Je 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Ex 25:3, 11, 24 + 97 times Ex 25–40, Lv 8:9 Nu 4:11; 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, cf. 12 c infr.) Note the expressions תְּנוּפַת ז׳ ליהוה Ex 35:22 6, זְהַב הַתְּנוּפָה 38:24; also זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה Nu 31:52 (all P) cf. Ezr 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) יְכַבֵּד בְּזָהָב Dn 11:38. † 7. gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (cf. Glas ^{ii. 357, ff. 368}) 1 K 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 1 Ch 29:4 2 Ch 8:18; 9:10; so perhaps Je 10:9 (read אוֹפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo al.); זְהַב שְׁבָא ψ 72:15; on ז׳ פַּרְוָ֑יִם 2 Ch 3:6 v. פרוים; cf. further Gn 2:11, 12. 8. gold defined By var. adj. and pts.: ז׳ שָׁחוּט beaten gold (v. שָׁחַט) 1 K 10:16, 17 = 2 Ch 9:15⁽⁾, 16; ז׳ סָגוּר 1 K 6:20, 21; also 7:49, 50 10:21 = 2 Ch 4:20, 22; 9:21 (on meaning v. סָגַר); especially (but only P & Ch) ז׳ טָהוֹר pure gold Ex 25:11, 17, 24 + 21 times Ex 25, 28, 30, 37, 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest’s insignia), 1 Ch 28:17 2 Ch 3:4; 9:17; cf. ז׳ טוֹב 2 Ch 3:5, 8; on ז׳ מוּפָז 1 K 10:18, AV best gold, cf. אוּפָז, פָּזַז. 9. ז׳ as measure of weight and value: a. = 2, עֲשָׂרָה ז׳ מִשְׁקָלָם Gn 24:22; כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה ז׳ Nu 7:14 + 11 times Nu 7; אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת ז׳ Ju 8:26, cf. 1 K 10:16 2 K 5:5 2 Ch 9:15, 16; אַלְפֵי ז׳ וָכָ֑סֶף ψ 119:72; comp. further Jos 7:21; but also (only Ch) שֶׁקֶל expressed: שִׁקְלֵי ז׳ מִשְׁקַל שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת 1 Ch 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in || 2 S 24:24); וּמִשְׁקָל לְמִסְמְרוֹת לִשְׁקָלִי1ָ81 ֫֒חֲמִשִּׁים ז׳ 2 Ch 3:9. b. שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים ז׳ 1 K 10:17 three minas of gold (v. מָנֶה). c. כִּכַּר ז׳ talent of gold 2 S 12:30 1 K 9:14 + (v. כִּכָּר). d. זָהָב דַּרְכְּמוֹנִים שֵׁשׁ־רִבֹּאוֹת וָאֶלֶף Ezr 2:69 cf. Ne 7:69, 70, 71; also וּכפֹרֵי ז׳ עֶשְׂרִים לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים אָ֑לֶף Ezr 8:27 (v. דַּרְכְּמוֹן);—with the above should perhaps be compared הַזָּלִים ז׳ מִכִּיס Is 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag. 10. ז׳ = golden oil, from colour, Zc 4:12. 11. ז׳ often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב Gn 13:2 (J), cf. 24:35, 53; 44:8 (all J), Ex 3:22; 11:2; 12:35 Nu 22:18; 24:13 (all E), Jos 6:19, 24 (JE), Dt 7:25; 17:17; 29:16 2 S 8:11; 21:4 1 K 7:51; 15:15, 18, 19 2 K 7:8; 16:8; 18:14; 20:13; 23:33, 35⁽⁾ Ho 2:10; 8:4 Is 2:7; 60:9 Je 10:4 Zp 1:18 Ez 7:19; 38:13 Zc 6:11 Jo 4:5, Pr 22:1 ψ 105:37; 115:4; 135:15 2 Ch 1:15; 5:1 Ezr 1:4; 8:25 Dn 11:8 Ec 2:8 +; in later writings ז׳ often precedes Ez 28:4 Zc 14:14 Mal 3:3 1 Ch 18:10; 22:14, 16; 28:15, 16; 29:3, 4, 5, 7 2 Ch 9:14, 21; 24:14; 25:24 Ezr 1:11 ψ 119:72 Ct 1:11 Dn 11:38 +, and so in P, Ex 25:3; 31:4; 35:5, 32 Nu 31:32; yet also as early as Hb 2:19 1 K 10:22 2 K 25:15. 12. the chief vbs. used with ז׳ are: a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 acc.) 1 K 7:48 (cf. v 49⁽⁾, 50⁽⁾) 10:6; 12:28; 14:26 2 Ch 4:7, 8, 19; 12:9; 13:8, and especially in P (tabern.) Ex 25:11, 17, 18 + 35 times Ex 25–39; also sq. בְּ work in gold, לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּזּ׳ וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחשֶׁת Ex 31:4; 35:32, also ( + בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2 Ch 2:6, 13; b. יָצַק (obj. טַבְּעֹת ז׳) Ex 25:12; 37:3, 13 (all P); c. צִפָּה overlay with (c. 2 acc.) 1 K 6:20, 21⁽⁾, 22, 28, 30, 32, 35 (v 32, 35 one acc. om.), 10:18 2 Ch 3:4, 10; 9:17, and especially P (tabern.) Ex 25:11, 13, 24, 28 + 15 times Ex 26–37; in same sense d. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ ז׳ 2 Ch 3:5 cf. v 7, 8, 9, and e. תָּפוּשׂ ז׳ וָכֶסֶף Hb 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also f. בַּזּ׳ יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Is 40:19; g. רדד Hiph., וַיָּ֫רֶדּ עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים וְעַל־הַתִּמֹּרוֹת אֶת־הַזּ׳ 1 K 6:32 9 further h. בָּחַן try, Zc 13:9, cf. i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3.—On דִּי זָהָב, n.pr. v. p. 191; on מֵי זָהָב n.pr. v. sub מַיִם.

†[זָהַם S TWOT GK] vb. be foul, loathsome, but only Pi., causat. (NH id., be foul, Pi. make foul; Aramaic זְהִים foul, ܙܰܗܶܡ (zahem) make foul, fetid; Arabic زَهِمَ (zahima) stink, be greasy)—Pi. Pf. 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. וְזִהֲמַתּוּ חַיָּתוֹ לָ֑הֶם (consec.) Jb 33:20 his life maketh it, bread, loathsome to him (|| ונפשׁו מַאֲכַל תַּאֲוָה). (On sf. v. Ges ^{131, 2, R. 4}; Dr 1 S 21:14: according to Siegf the word is hopelessly corrupt.)

†זָ֑הַם S TWOT GK n.pr.m. (from above √?) a son of Rehoboam, 2 Ch 11:19.

†I. [זָהַר S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. be light, shining (Arabic زَهَرَ, زَهُرَ (zahara, zahura) shine, adj. اَزْهَرُ (˒azharu) bright (cf. Lag ¹²⁰); Aramaic זְהַר, ܙܗܰܪ (zhar); NH in deriv.; v. also sub II. זהר)—Hiph. intrans. (late) send out light, shine, fig. of everlasting glory of teachers of righteousness: וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ Dn 12:3 and they that make wise shall shine like the shining of the firmament (|| וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד).

†זֹ֫הַר S TWOT GK n.[m.] shining, brightness (Arabic زُهْرَةٌ (zuhratun), NH זְהוֹר, cf. Aramaic זִיהֲרָא);—abs. Ez 8:2 כְּמַרְאֵה ז׳ like an appearance of shining (explained, v b, as resembling amber, חַשְׁמַל cf. 1:27); also cstr. Dn 12:3 v. foregoing.

†II. [זָהַר S TWOT^, GK^, ] vb. only Hiph., Niph. (NH Hiph., admonish, cf. Aramaic זְהַר (Aph. Pa. etc.), ܙܗܰܪ (zhar) (Arabic زَهَرَ (zahara) viii. take care of, be mindful of is perhaps Aramaic loan-word, so TA cf. Lane).—Most identify with I. זהר = give light, enlighten, instruct, admonish; this possible, but not certain, meaning shine is late in Heb.; usual sense as given below is not enlighten, illumine mentally, but warn; v. also construction with two accusatives Ex 18:20);—Hiph. Pf. וְהִזְהִיר consec. Ez 33:3; sf. וְהִזְהִירֹה 2 K 6:10; 2 ms. הִזְהַרְתָּ Ez 3:19; 33:9, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ Ez 3:17; 33:7, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֫ה Ex 18:20, sf. הִזְהַרְתּוֹ Ez 3:18, 20, 21, וְהִזְהַרְתָּ consec. Ez 3:17; 33:7; וְהִזְהַרְתֶּם consec. 2 Ch 19:10; Inf. cstr. לְהַזְהִיר Ez 3:18; 33:8;—instruct, teach, warn: Ex 18:20 (E) teach them ordinances (2 acc.); 2 K 6:10 the place which (אֲשֶׁר) the man of God told him of (אָמַר־לוֹ) and warned him (sf.) of; elsewhere only Ez Ch; warn, give a warning to, always sq. acc. pers. only: Ez 3:18, 19, 20; 33:3; give them (acc.) a warning from me (מִמֶּנִּי, י׳ speaks) Ez 3:17; 33:7; warn the wicked (רָשָׁע) from (away from, מִן) his way Ez 3:18; 33:8, 9 warn the righteous (צַדִּיק) Ez 3:21 sq. Inf. in order that the righteous sin not, cf. 2 Ch 19:10 sq. acc. pers. + final cl. c. וְ. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִזְהָ֔ר Ez 3:21; 33:4, 5, 6; also נִזְהָ֖ר v 5 (read perhaps הִזְהִיר, so We Sm Co); Imv. הִזָּהֵר Ec 12:12; Inf. cstr. לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13; Pt. נִזְהָר ψ 19:12;—be instructed, admonished, warned (pass. of Hiph.):—גַּם־עַבְדְּךָ נִזְהָ֣ר בָּהֶם ψ 19:12 yea thy servant, he is instructed (or warned) by them (i.e. lets himself be instructed or warned by the מִשְׁפְּטֵי י׳ v 10); in Ez distinctly take warning, abs. Ez 3:21 (cf. Hiph.) 33:4, 5a; so Ec 12:12 and, more generally, אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדַע לְהִזָּהֵר Ec 4:13 who knoweth not how to take admonition; be warned, receive warning Ez 33:6 (of people, c. לֹא, i.e. if no warning be given them), also MT v 5 b, but read perhaps Hiph. (v. supr.) but he (i.e. the watchman) gave warning, he hath delivered his (own) soul.

†זִו S TWOT GK appar. n.pr. of 2nd month, = c. April–May, named as month of beginning the temple-building; בְּחֹדֶשׁ זִו הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי 1 K 6:1 = בְּיֶרַח זִ֑ו v 37; GB v 1 has simply ἐν μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ, v 37 (in G v 4) ἐν μηνὶ Νεισῷ καὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ μηνί; G codd. ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ; GL (only v 37) ἐν δευτέρῳ μηνί, ἐν μηνὶ Ζιου;—(si vera l. comp. perhaps Aramaic זִיו ܙܺܝܘܳܐ (ziwo) brightness, freshness, so Biblical Aramaic Dn 2:31 +; cf. T יֶרַח זִיו נִיצָנַיָּא month of brightness of flowers; Assyrian zîmu (zîvu), Dl ^{152 f.} cf. Nö ^{1886, 732}; Thes al. der. זִו, זִיו ( = זְהִיו) from זהה in sense be bright, splendid, etc., cf. Arabic زَهَا (zahā) increase, thrive (of seed-produce), زَهْوٌ (zahwun) a beautiful and bright, or fresh, plant; Aramaic זְהָא, adj. זָהוֹהָא haughty, proud; ܙܗܳܐ (zho) glory, boast, be magnificent; yet cf. Ol^{§ 174 ad} )

זוֹ S TWOT GK, זוּ S TWOT GK, v. p. 262.

†[זוּב S TWOT GK] vb. flow, gush (NH id., Aramaic דּוּב, דִּיב, ܕܳܒ (dob), all used often in sense 4 infr.; Arabic ذَابَ (ḏāba) (med. و (w)) melt, dissolve, flow)—only Qal Impf. יָזוּב Lv 15:25 etc.; Pt. זָב Je 49:9 f. זָבָ֫ה Lv 15:19 etc.;— 1. flow, gush (poet.), of water from the smitten rock ψ 78:20 (|| שָׁטַף), 105:41 (|| הָלַךְ), Is 48:21 (|| נָזַל). 2. Pt. freq. in זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבַשׁ (אֶרֶץ), mostly of promised land, Ex 3:8, 17; 13:5 (all J) 33:3 Nu 13:27; 14:8; 16:14 (all JE) Dt 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20 Jos 5:6 (D) Lv 20:24 (H) Je 11:5; 32:22 Ez 20:6, 15, of Egypt Nu 16:13; זָב עִמְקֵךְ Je 49:4 (fertile valley of Ammon). 3. fig. flow away = pine away (from hunger) La 4:9. 4. flow, of issue from woman (all P), Lv 15:25 יָזוּב זוֹב דָּמָהּ (v. זוֹב); especially have an issue (flux, gleet), of woman Lv 15:25 and 15:19 (תִּהְיֶה זָבָה); usually of man, 2 S 3:29 (|| מְצֹרָע); elsewhere P, Lv 15:2 זָב מִבִּשָׂרוֹ; with cogn. acc. 15:33; ordinarily Pt. זָב one that has an issue Lv 15:4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 32 (all P), 22:4 (H; || צָרוּעַ); also Nu 5:2 (P; || id.)

†זוֹב S^, TWOT GK^, n.m. issue (Arabic ذَوْبٌ (ḏawbun) fluid, liquid; NH זוֹב, Aramaic דּוֹבָא in specif. sense of Heb.);—issue, flux, always from genitals (cf. Di Lv 15:2); only P: of man or woman Lv 15:33;—of man Lv 15:2, 3, 3⁽⁾, 13, 15; of woman Lv 15:19 (דָּם יִהְיֶה זֹבָהּ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ, of monthly period); also v 25⁽⁾, 26, 28, 30 (of morbid issue of blood, sometimes connected with the other; cf. Mat 9:20 etc.)

זוג TWOT, זיג v. p. 259.

זוּד S TWOT v. זיד.

זוה TWOT (√ of foll.; cf. Arabic زَوَى (zawā) put aside or away, draw together, contract).

†[זָוִית S TWOT^, GK] n.f. corner (late) (Aramaic זָוִיתָא, ܙܳܘܺܝܬܳܐ (zowito) (often for Heb. פִּנָּה, מִקְצוֹעַ), hence, as loan-word (Frä^{Aramaic Fremdw. 11, 168}) Arabic زَاوِيَةٌ (zāwiyatun));—Pl. abs. זָוִיּוֹת ψ 144:12; cstr. זָוִיֹּת Zc 9:15;—וּמָֽלְאוּ כַמִּזְרָק כְּזָוִיֹּת מִזְבֵּחַ Zc 9:15 simil. of warriors streaming with blood, v. Lv 1:5, 11 etc.; בְּנוֹתֵינוּ כְּז׳ וגו׳ ψ 144:12 our daughters like corner (-pillar)s, carved (so Che al., but v. ii. חטב) in palace-fashion.

†[מָ֫זוּ S TWOT^, GK] n.m. garner (on format. cf. Ol ^{144 b, 197 b})—only Pl. sf. מְזָוֵינוּ מְלֵאִים ψ 144:13 our garners are full (word inflected as if םְ were radical; cf. Ol)

I. זוז TWOT^, (NH זוז move, Assyrian zâzu, move, rise, come forth cf. COT gloss.; also be agitated, enraged, V R ^{64, i, 1. 11}).

†i. זִיז S TWOT^, GK^, n.m. ψ 80:14 coll. moving things (i.e. beasts) (etym. & exact meaning still rather dub., cf. Che ⁴⁷² and on ψ 50:11; Thes al. √ זוז; De ψ 50:11 comp. Assyrian zizânu, coll. reptiles, Dl ^{74 f.} from a זִאזֵא cf. زَعْزَعَ (za˓za˓a) move to and fro, agitate (cf. זוע); others comp. Assyrian zâzu, abundance v. II. זוז, so even Di Is 66:11; this hardly suits ψ 80:14; T זִיזָא worm);—only cstr. זִיז שָׂדַי ψ 50:11 the moving things of the field, as all known to י׳ (|| עוֹף הָרִים; also in v 10 חַיְתוֹ־יָ֑עַר, etc.); fig. of enemies of Isr. ψ 80:14 (|| תֲזִיר מִיָּ֑עַר). On Assyrian zîzē, teats, v. RFHarper ^{xiv (1897–1898), 174}.

†זִיזָא S GK n.pr.m.— 1. a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:37. 2. a son of Rehoboan 2 Ch 11:20.

†זִיזָה S GK n.pr.m. a Levite 1 Ch 23:11, = זִינָא v 10 (read prob. זִיזָא, G Ζιζα in both).

†זָזָא S GK n.pr.m. (perhaps belongs under this √; comp. Assyrian n.pr. Zazâ Zim ⁹⁷ cf. Strm ²⁸¹⁶)—a descendant of יְרַחְמְאֵל of Judah 1 Ch 2:33.

†מְזוּזָה S TWOT GK n.f. door-post, gate-post, abs. מ׳ Ex 21:6 Is 57:8; cstr. מְזוּזַת 1 S 1:9 Ez 46:2 + Ez 41:21 (del. S Co cf. G Hi), 45:19⁽⁾ (in both מְזוּזוֹת G S B Co); sf. מְזוּזָתִי Ez 43:8, מְזוּזָתָם v 8; pl. מְזוּזוֹת 1 K 6:31 + 2 times ( + Ez 45:19⁽⁾ Co v. supr.), מְזוּזֹת Ex 12:7 + 4 times; מְזֻזוֹת Dt 6:9 Ju 16:3;—4, 1. of dwelling-house Ex 12:7 (P), v 22, 23; 21:6 (all JE), Dt 6:9; 11:20 cf. Is 57:8; also מ׳ פְּתָחָ֑י Pr 8:34, מְזוּזָתָם Ez 43:8; of Sol.’s house 1 K 7:5. 2. of house of י׳: a. of the pre-Solomonic sanctuary of י׳ 1 S 1:9. b. of Sol.’s temple 1 K 6:33; of the דְּבִיר v 31. c. of Ezek.’s temple Ez 41:21 (del. Co v. supr.), 43:8 (מְזוּזָתִי), מ׳ הַבַּיִת Ez 45:19, מ׳ שַׁעַר v 19, cf. 46:2. 3. of city-gates Ju 16:3.

†יָזִיז S GK n.pr.m. an officer of David יָזִיז הַהַגְרִי 1 Ch 27:31.

II. זוז TWOT^, (be abundant, cf. especially Assyrian zâzu, abundance, Dl ^{67 f.} Zim ^{94, 97}; only as √ of foll.; perhaps related to I. זוז (cf. Thes), but this very dubious).

ii. זִיז S TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] abundance, fulness: only מִזִּיז כְּבוֹדָהּ Is 66:11 that ye may suck out and be delighted, from the abundance of her glory (i.e. of Jerusalem) (so Di al.; > Che ^{crit. , and 472 f.} Brd (cf. Ew ‘Euter’), who comp. vulg.Ar. zîza, udder (breast, teat); this suits vb. תָּמֹצּוּ and || תִּינְקוּ וּשְׂבַעְתֶּם מִשֹּׁד, but is dub. in Heb., perh. not Shemit., v. Dozy ^{i. 619 a} and reff.; also Lag^{Proph. Chald.} who proposes, plausibly, מִבִּיז, cf. Aramaic ܒܶܙܳܐ (bezo) PS ⁵⁰², ביזא; Arabic بزّ (bzz) pap).

†זוּזִים S GK n.pr.gent. an ancient trans-Jordanic people, dwelling in הָם Gn 14:5; otherwise unknown; abode appar. in (later) land of Ammon, between Bashan and Moab; commonly supposed = זַמְזֻמִּים q.v., in that case perhaps text error in one case or the other, cf. Nö ¹⁶².—(G ἔθνη ἰσχυρά).—On n.pr.loc. Ζιζα, زيزا (zyz˒), between Boṣra and Lejûn, cf. Kn Di ad loc., Tristr ^{Moab 132 ff.}

†זוֹחֵת S GK n.pr.m. a descendant of Judah (etym. and meaning unknown) 1 Ch 4:20 (v. also בֶּן־זוֹחֵת), G Ζωαν, Ζωαβ, A Ζωχαθ, GL Ζαωθ.

זָוִית S TWOT^, GK v. sub זוה.

I. זול TWOT (prob. √ of foll., Arabic زَالَ (zāla) remove, depart).

†[זוּלָה S TWOT GK] n.[f.] proposes removal, only found in the st. c. as Prep. and conj. except, only, save that—cstr. זוּלַת 2 K 24:14 and (with the obsolete case-ending י—ִ) זוּלָתִי Dt 1:36; 4:12 Jos 11:13 1 K 3:18; 12:20 ψ 18:32; with sf. זוּלָתִי Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21, זוּלָֽתְךָ, זוּלָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 7:22 = 1 Ch 17:20 Is 26:13; 64:3 Ru 4:4, זוּלָתָהּ 1 S 21:10;— 1. prep. except, besides, lit. with removal of … (syn. מִבַּלְעֲדֵי ψ 18:32 Is 45:21; בִּלְתִּי Ho 13:4; and cf. Dt 1:36 with Nu 32:12), Dt 1:36 זולתי כלב with the exception of Caleb, 1 S 21:10 אֵין אַחֶרֶת זוּלָתָהּ there is none other except it, 1 K 12:20 2 K 24:14 Ru 4:4: often in such phrases as, There is no God (or, Who is God?) except me (or thee), 2 S 7:22 18:32 Ho 13:4 Is 45:5, 21; 64:3. Always after a neg. or qu., except Is 26:13 אדנים זולתך lords other than thou. Connected inexactly with what precedes, ז׳ acquires the force of only, Dt 4:12 ye saw no form זוּלָתִי קוֹל save a voice = (there was) only a voice, 1 K 3:18. 2. conj. Jos 11:13 except that he burnt Hazor alone.

†II. [זוּל S TWOT GK] vb. lavish (cf. Aramaic זוּל, be cheap, of little value, lightly esteem; similarly זלל q.v.)—Qal Pt. הַזָּלִים זָהָב מִכִּיס Is 46:6 (|| כֶּסֶף בַּקָּנֶה יִשְׁקֹ֑לוּ).

†[זוּן S^, TWOT^, GK] vb. feed (NH. Biblical Aramaic id.; Syriac ܙܳܢ (zon); Sam. זונ#, זהנ# (zwן, zhן));—Hoph. Pt. סוּסִים מוזנים Je 5:8 (Kt; i.e. מוּזָנִים; Qr מְיֻוָּנִים from יזן q.v.) well-fed horses, fig. of adulteres; Dl ^{73 f.} comp. Assyrian zanânu, be full (i.e. of sexual desire).

†מָזוֹן S TWOT GK n.m. food, sustenance (so Talm Biblical Aramaic Syriac)—בָּר וָלֶחֶם וּמָזוֹן Gn 45:23 (Di ‘מ׳ rather an Aramaic word; perhaps later gloss for orig. צֵדָה v 21; 42:25’); הַמָּזוֹן לָרֹב 2 Ch 11:23.

זוֹנָה v. זנה.

†זוּעַ S^, TWOT^, GK vb. tremble, quake (Aramaic (incl. Biblical Aramaic) id., ܙܳܥ (zo˓); cf. also Arabic زَاع (zā˓) impel, زَعْزَعَ (za˓za˓a) move, agitate, shake (on these v. Nö ^{1886, 725}), Assyrian zû, 2 ( = Aramaic זוֹעָא) Zim ⁹⁴);—Qal (late) Pf. 3 ms. זָע Est 5:9; Impf. 3 mpl. c. rel. שֶׁיָּזֻעוּ Ec 12:3;—tremble, quake, in presence of powerful superior Est 5:9 (sq. מִמֶּנּוּ); said of שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת in descr. of infirm old man Ec 12:3. Pilp. Pt. sf. מְזַעְזְעֶיךָ Hb 2:7; causat. and intens. they that shall violently shake thee, fig. of foes of Babylon, instruments of Yahweh’s judgment.

†זְוָעָה S^, TWOT GK^, , and, by transpos., זַעֲוָה S TWOT GK (Di Dt 28:25 cf. Sta ^{192 a}) n.f. a trembling, i.e. object of trembling, terror: זְוָעָה Is 28:19, also Kt Je 15:4 + 4 times; זַעֲוָה Dt 28:25 Ez 23:46 (also Qr Je 15:4 + 4 times);—object of trembling, terror, fright; וְהָיִיתָ לְזַעֲוָה Dt 28:25 and thou shalt become a terror to all (לְכֹל) the kingdoms of the earth; וּנְתַתִּים לְז׳ וגו׳ Je 15:4; 29:18, 34:17 (|| לְאָלָה וּלְשַׁמָּה וְלִשְׁרֵקָה וּלְחֶרְפָּה), also וּנְתַתִּים לְז׳ וגו׳ 24:9 (|| לְחֶרְפָּה וּלְמָשָׁל לִשְׁנִינָה וְלִקְלָלָה), Ez 23:46 2 Ch 29:8.

†זִיעַ S GK n.pr.m. a Gadite, 1 Ch 5:13, G Ζουε, Ζεα.

†זַעֲוָן S GK n.pr.m. a Horite Gn 36:27 = 1 Ch 1:42.

†I. [זוּר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. be a stranger (Arabic زَارَ (zāra) (med. و (w) incline toward, repair to, visit; ii. honour as visitor or guest; ix. decline, turn aside; زَاىِٔرٌ (zā˒irun) visitor; Aramaic זוּד, often = Heb. סוּר turn aside, turn aside to visit)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹר֫וּ ψ 58:4 (Kö ⁴⁴⁵), זָ֫רוּ ψ 78:30 Jb 19:13; Pt. זָר Ex 30:33 + 27 times; f. זָרָה Ex 30:9 + 7 times; mpl. זָרִים Ho 5:7 + 30 times; fpl. זָרוֹת Pr 22:14; 23:33; sf. זָרָ֑יִךְ Is 29:5; 1. Pf. become estranged ψ 58:4, c. מן from Jb 19:13 ψ 78:30. 2. Pt. as adj. strange, or as noun stranger: a. to the family, of another household, אִישׁ זָר Dt 25:5, elsewhere זָר 1 K 3:18 Jb 19:25 Pr 6:1; 11:15; 20:16; 27:13; זָרִים ψ 109:11 Pr 5:10, 17; בנים זרים, children of another household than God’s Ho 5:7; especially of another family than priests’ אִישׁ זָר Lv 22:12 (H) Nu 17:5 (P); זָר Lv 22:10, 13 (H) Ex 29:33; 30:33 Nu 3:10, 38; 18:7 (P); not belonging to the tribe of Levi, Nu 1:51; 18:4 (P). b. to the person, another Jb 19:27 Pr 14:10; 27:2; זָרָה (אִשָּׁה) strange woman, harlot Pr 2:16; 5:3, 20; 7:5; 22:14; 23:33. c. to the land, foreign, זָרִים foreigners (as such usually enemies) Ho 7:9; 8:7 Is 1:7⁽⁾; 25:2, 5; 29:5; 61:5 Je 5:19; 30:8; 51:2, 51 La 5:2 Ez 7:21; 11:9; 16:32; 28:7, 10; 30:12; 31:12 Jo 4:17 Ob 11 Jb 15:19 ψ 54:5; אֵל זָר foreign god ψ 44:21; 81:10 = זָר Is 43:12; so זָרִים Dt 32:16 and (in fig.) Je 2:25; 3:13; מַיִם זָרִים foreign waters 2 K 19:24 Je 18:14; זְמֹרַת זָר Is 17:10 2 כְּמוֹ־זָר נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ Ho 8:12 they are regarded as foreign; מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר Is 28:21 his work is foreign (as if dealing with enemies). d. strange to the law; קְטֹרֶת זָרָה strange incense Ex 30:9 (P); אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire Lv 10:1 Nu 3:4; 26:61 (P). Niph. Pf. נָזֹ֫רוּ Is 1:4 Ez 14:5; be estranged Is 1:4, pregn., sq. אָחוֹר (cf. RV); מֵעַל Ez 14:5. Hoph. Pt. מוּזָר estranged ψ 69:9.

†II. [זוּר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} , זִיר] vb. be loathsome, Bö ¹¹⁴² (Arabic ذَارَ (ḏāra) fastidivit, abhorruit; Assyrian zâru, hate Impf. izîru, Dl ⁶⁵ Schr )—only Qal 3 fs. זָ֫רָה Jb 19:17 רוּחִי זָ֫רָה לְאִשְׁתִּי my breath is loathsome to my wife (וְחַנֹּתִי לְ in || cl.); > most, who derive from i. זוּר, become strange and so repugnant.

†זָרָא S TWOT GK^, n.[f.] loathsome thing, עַד אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מֵאַפְּכֶם וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְזָרָא Nu 11:20 (JE) and it (the flesh) become to you a loathsome thing G εἰς χολέραν, B in nauseam), prob. err. for זָרָה (Sam.)

†III. [זוּר S^{, ,} TWOT^{, ,} GK^{, ,} ] vb. press down and out (Aramaic זִיר press together, Syriac ܙܘܰܪ, ܙܳܪ (zwar, zor) compress; cf. Arabic زَيَّرَ (zayyara) twist the lip of a beast)—Qal Pf. 3 pl. זֹ֫רוּ Is 1:6 (pass.; > √ זרר, Arabic زَرَّ (zarra) draw forcibly together Ol ^{233c, 2451} Kö ³³³); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫זַר Ju 6:38, 3 fs. sf. תְּזוּרֶהָ Jb 39:15; Pt. pass. f. זוּרֶה ( = זוּרָה Ges ^{80 i}) Is 59:5;—press (twist or wring) out a fleece Ju 6:38; not pressed out, of sore (fig. of continued disaster) Is 1:6; press under foot an egg, Jb 39:15 (|| דּוּשׁ), Is 59:5 (pass.)

†זֵר S TWOT GK n.m. circlet, border (orig. that which presses, binds, cf. also Aramaic ܙܺܝܪܳܐ (ziro) bracelet, זִירָא wreath, crown, NH זִיר id., זִירָה ring, wrestler’s ring; others from a √ זרר)—זֵר זָהָב Ex 25:11, 24, 25; 30:3; 37:2, 11, 12, 26; זֵרוֹ Ex 30:4; 37:27 (all P).

†זַרְזִיר S TWOT GK adj. girded, girt (cf. Ba ²⁰⁶)—only cstr. Pr 30:31 זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם אוֹ־תָ֑יִשׁ that which is girt in the loins, etc., named with lion, he-goat, and king, as stately in motion. Perhaps = 6 Ew Bö De al., or 6 Bö Ges Hi al.; Vrss cock, Talm raven, v. De Now (NH זַרְזִיר starling (6 only in interpr. of Pr 30:31), Aramaic ܙܰܪܙܺܝܪܳܐ (zarziro); Lexx. also ܙܰܪܙܽܘܪܳܐ (zarzuro) starling, in Arabic زُرْزُورٌ (zurzūrun), perhaps loan-wd. Others der. from a √ זרר, v. supr.)

i.†מָזוֹר S^, TWOT^, GK^, n.[m.] wound (as needing to have its matter pressed out)—fig. of injury to, or sufferings of, Isr. and Judah: מָזוֹר Ho 5:13 also Je 30:13 (Gf Che RVm; but accents Ew Ges Gie AV RV for pressing, i.e. binding up); מְזֹרוֹ Ho 5:13 (cf. III. זור